The city in which the strongest wind. What is the wind and what is the power of the wind

Hurricane - tropical view cyclone. It is distinguished relatively small sizes, but quite destructive force. The name "Hurricane" itself occurred from English "Hurricane", which is used to naming strong cyclones.

As a rule, they are born near North or South America. Its neighbors and close relatives come from the region of Asia, and the Far East, and usually, weaker. They are called "typhoons".

It is worth noting that not every cyclone may be called a hurricane. Some pass with atmospheric phenomena characteristic and fond. Cyclone itself is atmospheric swirl improving sizewhich is twisted in southern Hemisphere clockwise, and counterclockwise in the north. They are particularly clearly seen from space. And here atmospheric phenomenonIf you look at the top, it has a spiral shape with a hole in the middle, this is the so-called "eye storm". In the center of the cyclone there is a zone reduced pressure. The cyclones are obliged to rotate the planet, with simultaneous movement of it according to orbit, so this phenomenon is considered usual.

The size of cyclones can be several thousand kilometers, the eye varies from 2-3 kilometers and up to several dozen. As a rule, hurricane sizes are significantly less, but the speed of air movement in the spiral is much faster and reaches several hundred kilometers per hour. Maximum 300 kilometers per hour.

In the area that wears the name of the "eye storm" (or the eye of the Typhoon) is usually a calm weather with more high temperatures. Warm air Sleeps and falls into the first coils of the spiral, where the colder mass. As a result, the territory is formed with high pressure differences. She, in turn, contributes to the spinning of the air masses of the hurricane in general. Therefore, the center of the spiral, near the "eyes", has increased power, the highest speed and, usually, thunderstorm clouds causing pouring livne.

Tropical hurricanes are born over warm waters Oceans somewhere in the area of \u200b\u200bthe equator. As a result of the rotation of the planet, they move to the West and shift to the north. This causes a large number of hurricanes in the eastern shores. North America, as well as Mexico. These territories are more recently suffering from the consequences of strong hurricanes.

The power of the hurricane is measured on the Saffira-Simpson scale, which has five categories. Today, only a few hurricanes of the fifth, the highest category are known.

Now every year is recruited about a dozen cyclones and several dozen cyclones on the entire planet. And here are the strongest of them.

Most strong hurricane in the world

Great Hurricane of 1780, or another name - San Calique. This is a tropical cyclone of a huge power, which was taken by the fall of 1780 near the Caribbean archipelago. He became the most deadly of all famous hurricanes. According to documents of that time, it is known at least about 22 thousand dead. And since in the eighteenth century, the statistics were very conditional, compared with today, it can be safely argued that the number of victims was much larger.

Great Hurricane Zinga Island CaribbeanFrom Newfoundland Island to Barbados, Haiti passed and destroyed up to 95 percent of all buildings. And this is not counting thousands of ruined lives. A tidal wave, which caused a hurricane, as if the most powerful tsunami, passed on some islands, reaching sometimes 7-8 meters in height. She demolished absolutely everything in his way. The hurricane was accompanied by the strongest unrest at the sea, so many ships were flooded and in the port bays, and in some distance from the shore. Including under the water, part of the French and English floties who took part in civil War USA. Approximately hundreds of vessels in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe stranded.

Eyewitnesses said that rain, under the action of a strong wind, broke off the bark from the trunks of the trees, and it is before you to sole them. According to the conclusions of scientists, the wind speed was then at least 350 kilometers per hour.

MITH

Hurricane, who received the name Mitch, passed through the Atlantic basin with incredible power and power. He originated in October 1998 in the south Caribbean. Meteorologists assigned to him the fifth category, the highest. This is due to wind speed, whose gusts reached 320 kilometers per hour. The hurricane touched the territory of Nicaragua, Honduras and Salvador.

Hurricane Mitch. Effects

He completely devastated them and killed 20 thousand people. Most people died from selevo-mud streams, strong winds and tidal waves, which rumped up to 6 meters in height. More than a million people stayed without housing, and hundreds needed drinking water and medical preparations. As a result, it led to an increase in infectious diseases.

Katrina

The name of Catherine is known to every American. Since this is the strongest and most destructive hurricane of all who have ever collapsed on the coast of America. Hurricane Katrina originated in August 2005 in the Bahamas area. He quickly gained power and began to develop aside eastern coast USA. As soon as the weather reached the American coast, the Hurricane has received the fifth category.

But for acceptance necessary measures It was too late. The authorities could not cope with the consequences of disaster. Therefore, at that time, the Rating of President George Bush fell to 38 percent. Only according to official data, more than one and a half thousand people became victims of the hurricane. About half a million left no bed. Moreover, approximately 80 percent of the Square of New Orleans are flooded.

Typhoon in Pakistan

On the night of November 13, 1970, the most powerful Typhoon flew on the coastal areas of East Pakistan. Hurricane wind formed huge wave up to 8 meters high. She swept around the row of the islands and coastal districts. This Typhoon became hardly the most large catastrophe In the history of mankind. According to different estimates, the number of dead was from 500 thousand to a million people.

As a result of the pressure difference between two different air regions The wind occurs. The speed and direction of its movement may vary depending on the pressure indicators in time and space. In most areas of the planet, certain wind directions are dominated. So, the poles prevail oriental winds, in moderate breadthah - Western. Along with such areas there are also clock zones and abnormal areas where the wind blows constantly.

Strong wind can also occur due to local changes It seems to confront the cyclone and anticyclone. Under the action of wind on terrestrial objects and excitement at the sea, the wind power is evaluated in the ballages on the Bafort scale. Depending on how fast the wind blows, each wind force has its verbal definition.

Wind speed: 1-5 km / h

From 0 to 1 point

The calm is a windless or almost windless weather in which maximum speed The wind is not more than 0.5 m / s. When a silent wind blows, light ripples appear on the sea. On land with such wind smoke deviates from the vertical direction.
Read on Don't Panic: http://dnpmag.com/2017/09/08/oSnovnye-vetra-Reznoj-sily/

Lightweight, weak, moderate, fresh

Wind speed: 12-38 km / h

From 2 to 5 points

The wind from 2 points is classified as light. He can break the leaves of trees, his whiff is felt on the skin. With 3 points, weak wind, the branches, flags begin to swing, the sea appear short, but severe waves. Moderate wind, which is estimated at the 4th point, raises dust, blurs the outlines of smoke and creates white lambs on water. Fresh wind in 5 points forces to split thin trunks, cause a whistle in the ears and form the waves with a height of up to 2 meters.

Strong, strong and very strong

Wind speed: from 39 to 61 km / h

From 6 to 8 points

Strong wind in 6 points usually does not give to open an umbrella. It can easily bend thin trees and rock thick branches. The wave height reaches 3 meters. Anti-strong wind, which is estimated at 7 points, it is difficult to go. Even more difficult, it will be done if the window blows very strong. Speak on such a wind is also very difficult.

Storm

Wind speed: from 75 to 88 km / h

From 9 to 11 points

The storm can be ordinary, strong and cruel. If the usual just breaks off the roofs and the roof big trees, then his older "counterparts" can destroy the buildings, snatch with the root of the trees and raise a wave of 11 meters high.

Hurricane

Wind speed: more than 117 km / h

The hurricane is literally everything that turns out to be on his way. Wind gusts can reach 50-60 m / s. The wind can easily lift heavy items into the air and transfer them to considerable distances, drowning the ships and destroy the monumental structures.

Records

The strongest gust of winds in the entire history was registered in 1934 on Mount Washington in New Hampshire, USA. Within a few minutes, the wind blew at a speed of 123 m / s. Most. windy ground The planet is considered COMMONWEALTH in Antarctica. There the wind blows constantly, and the speed of it reaches 240 km / h.

Right holder illustration Robert Mora Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. Trees flexible by the winds constantly on the shore of Katling Southern Island New Zealand

Among the applicants for the title of the most thoughtful point of the planet - the state of Oklahoma in the United States, Antarctica, South ocean And a small island off the coast of Australia. But it all depends on which parameters this purge measure is measured. The correspondent was dealing with windiness.

Barrow Island, Australia

Right holder illustration Suzanne Long Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. April 10, 1996 meteorological station on barrow Island Registered wind gusts up to 408 km / h

On this small islandLocated from the North-West Coast of Australia, sometimes sitting in times.

On April 10, 1996, the automatic meteorological station located there has registered the wind gusts up to 408 kilometers per hour. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), these are the strongest wind gusts in the entire history of observations.

Typhoon Olivia caused the most powerful single impact impulse, but did not become the most powerful tropical cyclone in history

This serious record was delivered using the Olivia tropical cyclone.

Tropical cyclones are rotating areas of storm winds. They arise when warm and wet air rises from the surface of the ocean and forms a low pressure weather system.

Typhoon accelerates the trade winds that go towards the equator. A raised air column is twisted due to the so-called Coriolis effect, in which the rotation of the Earth deflects winds from the equator.

Such weather systems are able to generate wind of hurricane power. Particularly powerful cyclones are called on Far East and B. South-East Asia Typhoon, and in North and South America - Hurricanes.

Right holder illustration NASA. Image Caption. Sometimes two typhoon can be formed simultaneously, as can be seen in the picture from space.

So, Typhoon Olivia caused the most powerful single impact impulse - which, however, does not make it the most powerful tropical cyclone in history. To do this, it is better to estimate the storm according to the steady wind speed parameter.

According to WMO, the champion in this category seems to be Typhoon Nancy 1961. He formed NAD Safety ocean and led to the death of 170 people when he fell on the coast of Japan.

It was reported that at the Typhoon, the stable wind speed reached 346 kilometers per hour - although meteorologists are now suspected that this assessment could be somewhat overestimated.

However, spiral vortices-tornadoes can cause even stronger wind gusts.

So one of the most blown places on Earth is exactly in the middle of the United States.

Oklahoma, USA

Right holder illustration Reed Timmer SPL Image Caption. Most of all the tornads arises in the southeastern states of the United States, nicknamed "Alley Tornado"

Tornado is a rotating vertical vortex formed between the bottom edge thunderstorm clouds and the surface of the earth.

If there was water instead of the Earth below, then such a vortex is called Water Solochi.

Tornado - "The most fierce of all atmospheric storms", consider in the National Laboratory for Studying Storms located in the city of Norman in american state Oklahoma.

Tornadoes can accelerate the wind to unprecedented strength, but for a long time they do not last

They may arise anywhere in the world, but in the US there are much more than anywhere else - especially in the southeastern states, nicknamed "Alley Tornado".

In Oklahoma WMO noted the highest wind speed for the vortex of this type: 486 kilometers per hour. It happened on May 3, 1999 in the Bridge Creek area.

Although tornadoes can accelerate the wind to the unprecedented force, they will not last long.

But there are places in the world where the powerful wind blows all year round.

South ocean

Right holder illustration Gavin Newman Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. Quite ordinary day in the southern ocean - storm and shakes

As a result of uneven heating of the sun, the surface of our planet over it is formed by a giant belt of prevailing winds.

At 30 ° degrees to the north and south of the equator, the trade winds are consistent. In the latitude of 40 ° dominated western winds, and in the area of \u200b\u200b60 °, the polar oriental is dominated.

If you ask any sailor who took the world swimming, he will answer that the most strong winds - And the very big waves - Meet in the Southern Ocean.

These brown southern latitudes entered the sea folklore under the nicknames "roaring forties", "frantic fifties" and "piercing sixties".

Unlike Northern Hemispherein southern on the path of prevailing western winds There are almost no continents - therefore the wind can accelerate without interference to a speed of over 150 kilometers per hour.

Antarctica

Right holder illustration Fruchtzwergs World CC BY 2.0 Image Caption. Downward or catabathic winds in Antarctic - the generation of cold and the shape of the earth's surface

Catabatical, or descending, winds blow in Antarctica. They arise due to the combination of the cold climate and the peculiar form of the polar continent.

"Continuous surface cooling, especially during the Antarctic winter, when the sun is barely rises or is not rising at all due to the horizon, leads to the formation of a thin layer of cold, dense air right above the surface," explains John King from the British Center for the study of Antarctic, located in Cambridge.

"Antarctica has a cast-shaped form, and therefore the cold air moves from its higher located center towards coasts," said the specialist. "As a result of the rotation of the Earth, this air moves down not in a straight line: on the way it deflects to the left."

Right holder illustration Atomic Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. Snow Buran At Cape Denison - here little has changed since 1912

From February 1912 to December 1913, scientists measured the wind speed at Cape Denison at the Sea of \u200b\u200bCommonwealth in the east of Antarctica. And to this day it is believed that of all weather stations that are at sea level, this is located in the most thoughtful place.

On July 6, 1913, a record for the average wind power was registered at this station for an hour: it amounted to 153 km / h.

According to the scale of the Beaufort scale, widely used to estimate the wind speed, on average at Cape Denison, the weather is regarded as a storm.

Sir Douglas Muson, who headed the expedition to Cape Denison, wrote: "The climate is essentially a year-round Purga and a blizzard: a hurricane wind roars weeks, interrupting only occasionally for a couple of hours."

The combination of the strongest winds and minus temperatures significantly makes it difficult to measure the forces of catabathic winds.

Right holder illustration Design Pics Inc Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. Antarctica catabathic winds - native elements for caps

First, if the storm played not for a joke, it can carry the measuring equipment and masts on which it is fixed.

But even when the storm subsides, the usual types of cup or wing anemometers (wind measurement devices) are often freezing and covered with ice.

"You can use ultrasound anemometers in which there are no moving parts, and which can be equipped with heating to avoid icing," says King. "But they do not work very well in conditions of a strong wind accompanied by snow."

In general, the wind speed in Antarctica is not easy at all.

Wind is one of the most unique natural phenomena. We cannot see it, touch, but are able to observe the results of his manifestation, for example, how he slowly, or quickly drives the clouds and clouds across the sky, tilts the trees to the Earth or slightly trepal foliage.

Concept of wind

What is the wind? Determining from the point of view of meteorology The following: This is a horizontal movement of air layers from a high-atmospheric zone in a low zone, accompanied by a certain speed. This movement occurs because during the day the sun permeates the air layer of the Earth. Some rays, reaching the surface, heat the oceans, the sea, rivers, mountains, soil, rocks and stones, which are in the air heat, thereby heating and it. For the same amount of time, dark items absorb more heat and warmer harder.

But what value is how heat is given and how fast? And how will it help us find out what kind of wind? The definition is as follows: the dryer is heated rapidly than water, which means that the air clustered over it receives heat from it and rises, therefore, atmosphere pressure Over this area drops. With water, everything is exactly the opposite: the air masses are colder and the pressure is higher. As a result, the cold air is measured from the site high pressure In the low area, forming the wind. The greater the difference between these pressures, the more stronger.

Types of winds

Having understood what kind of wind, you need to know how much its species exists and what they differ from each other. Three main groups of winds are distinguished:

• local;
• constant;
• regional.

Local winds correspond to their name and blow only in certain territories of our planet. Their appearance is associated with the specifics of local reliefs and changes in temperature in relatively short periods of time. These winds are characterized by low length and daily frequency.

What is the wind of local origin, is now clear, but he is divided into his subspecies:

• Breeze is a light wind, which per day twice changes the direction. In the afternoon blowing from the sea to the land, and at night, on the contrary.
• Bora is a strong-speed cold air flow that blows from the vertices of the mountains to the valley or coast. He is inconstant.
• Fashion - warm and light spring wind.
• Sukhov - a dry wind, prevailing in steppe areas in a warm period of time in the conditions of anticyclone. He foreshadows drought.
• Sirocco - Swift South, Southwestern air flowwhich are formed in Sahara.
• And what is the wind Hamsin? These are dusty, dry and hot air masses prevailing in northeastern Africa and the East of the Mediterranean.

TO permanent winds These are those depending on the aggregate air circulation. They are stable, uniform, constant and strong. They belong to them:

• passat - wind from the east, differ in constancy, not changing direction and strength of 3-4 points;
• antipassatats - wind from the west carrying huge air masses.

The regional wind appears as a result of pressure drops, slightly similar to the local, but more stable and powerful. A bright representative This species is considered monsoon, which originates in the tropics, at the turn with the ocean. It blows periodically, but by large-scale streams, changing his direction a couple of times a year: during the summer season - from water to land, during the winter season - on the contrary. Musson brings a lot of moisture in the form of rains.

Strong wind is ...

What is a strong wind and how does it differ from other streams? His main feature is a high speed that fluctuates in the range of 14-32 m / s. It produces devastating actions or brings damage, destruction. In addition to speed, the temperature, direction, place and duration is also valid.

Types of strong winds

• Typhoon (Hurricane) is accompanied by a saturated precipitation and a decay of temperature, a large force, speed (177 km / h or more), blowing at a distance of 20-200 m for several days.
• What is the wind, which is called a squall? This is a sharp, sudden flow at a speed of 72-108 km / h, which is formed in the hot period as a result of the powerful penetration of cold air into the warm zone. It blows over a couple of seconds or dozens of minutes, changing the direction, and brings a decrease in temperature.
• Storm: its speed is 103-120 km / h. Characterized high duration, force. He is a source of strong marine oscillations and destruction on Earth.

• Tornado (Tornado) - air whirlwind, visually similar to a dark pillar, along which a curved axis passes. Below and at the top of the post there are extensions, similar to a funnel. Air in the whirlwind is spinning counterclockwise at a speed of 300 km / h and delays all nearby objects, objects into his funnel. Pressure inside tornado reduced. In the height of the pillar reaches 1500 m, and its diameter is from a dozen (above water) to hundreds of meters (above the ground). The tornado can go from the pair of hundred meters to tens of kilometers at a speed of 60 km / h.
• The storm is an air mass, the speed of which is in the range of 62-100 km / h. Storms are abundantly covered with sand, dust, snow, earth, causing harm to people and farm.

Description of wind power

Answering the question of what the strength of the wind will appropriate to notice that here the concept of power is interrelated at speed: the higher it is higher, the stronger the wind. This indicator is measured according to the 13-point Bafort scale. Zero value It characterizes the calm, 3 points - lightweight, weak wind, 7 - powerful, 9 - the appearance of a storm, over nine - merciless storms, hurricanes. Strong winds often blow over the sea, the ocean, because it does not interfere here, unlike rocky Gor., hills, forests.

Definition of solar wind

What is solar wind? it amazing phenomenon. Ionized plasma particles flow from the solar crown (outer layer) into space with a speed range of 300-1200 km / s, which depends on the activity of the Sun.

There are slow (400 km / s), fast (700 km / s), high-speed (up to 1200 km / s) solar wind. They are around Central heavenly Svetila form an area with space that protects Sunny system From entering it interstellar gas. In addition, thanks to them on our planet, such phenomena occur as a radiation belt and polar shine. That's what a sunny wind is.

Where is the rainy area on Earth, who announced its territory "world capital of lightning" and what region in Russia is considered the most dying?

Wind

The most windy place in the world is the Antarctic Sea coast of the Commonwealth, where the wind is almost every day with a speed of 15 m / s or more.

Record bottom gusts at the surface of the earth registered an automatic meteorological station on the Australian Island Barrow on April 10, 1996 - they reached 113 m / s (408 km / h).

Speed \u200b\u200bspeeds and tornadoes were higher, but their measurement is extremely dangerous for life and absolute data does not exist. However, the most powerful Book of Records Guinness is considered Tornado, which was rummaged on April 2, 1958 on the Texas City of Wichita Falls at a speed of 450 km / h. The speed estimate was made according to the colossal destruction produced. By the way, it is in the US who has a record number of tornadoes - 65% of the global number. So, in April 2011 they counted 758, and during the day, April 27-28, 211 vortices flew. Almost all of them are formed in a kind of corridor, which stretches through the valleys of Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri. Local residents Call his "Alley Tornado". Tornado and tornadoes arise where the warm and wet sea air comes into contact with dry and cold continental.

The record in Russia belongs to the island of Harlov in the Barents Sea. On February 8, 1986, the wind gusts reached 52 m / s (187 km / h). Most often strong winds (starting with 15 m / s) are observed in coastal zones Kamchatka, Arkhangelsk, Magadan region, in the area of \u200b\u200bDixon and Novorossiysk.

The wind will noticeably "lowers" the temperature of the air, a sense, worsens the comfort of the weather. The temperature of 0 ° C with wind 10 m / s We will feel like -7 ° C, with 20 m / s gusts - already like -10 ° C.

reference

Wind speed on meteorological stations of most countries of the world is measured at an altitude of 10 m and averaged in 10 minutes. Instant wind gusts are examined separately. Both observations are important: you need to know the wind regime of the district and the extreme manifestations of the elements. Speed \u200b\u200bis measured with a variety of devices: anemometers, probes, radar.

Precipitation

Cherapundy, the city in the Indian state of Meghala, is considered one of the rainy and wet seats on the ground. Average annual number The precipitation is 11,777 mm here.

As the longest, rain is listed in the Guinness Book of Records, which was 247 days without a break on Kauai Island in Hawaii from August 27, 1993 to April 30, 1994. The average precipitation on the island is up to 11,684 mm per year.

The most dry place on Earth is in Antarctica - this is the dry Valley of McMarto: there are no snow and rain for millions of years. It is also practically no precipitation in the Atakama desert in Chile. The only time an anomaly happened here: on May 19, 2010 a short-term snow fell.

In Russia, the most precipitation is observed at the Achishho mountain range near Sochi - about 3240 mm per year. The most arid area is considered Caspian lowland - places less than 200 mm.

There is a humidity of 30-60% to a comfortable norm for a person. Air, relative humidity which is lower than 20%, is estimated as dry, more than 86% - as very wet. With dry air, a person can endure heat, but he has dehydration of the body.

reference

The amount of precipitation is measured using a rainerous bucket, which is installed on a wooden column inside a special cone-shaped protection. Sedips fall out of the clouds in the form of rain, sea, snow, snowy and ice cereals, ice rain and hail.

Grad.

Grad - the phenomenon is short-term and size most often similar to small peas. But annually in the world there are several cases of dangerous grades. "Ice bombs" from the sky fall in India, in the south of China, in Bangladesh, in the West Kenya, in the US ...

One of the grades dropped on July 23, 2010 in Vivian, American meteorologists retained in the refrigerator and registered as a record: its diameter was 20 cm, and the weight of 880 grades of the same size, but weighing 1002 g, were the reason for the tragedy in Bangladesh 14 April 1986. According to eyewitnesses, in April 1981 in the province of Guangdong (China) there was a habit of up to 7 kg.

In Russia, it is most often noted in the southern regions.

Grad is considered dangerous phenomenonIf its diameter has reached 2 cm and more. In the village of Voznesenskaya July 25, 1957 passed the most large town In the entire history of observations in Krasnodar Territory. Separate grades weighed 1.5 kg.

Council

If during the graduatement you turned out to be in the car, it is advisable to stop (but not to go out) and turn back to the glasses, cover my head with my hands or clothing. If you are at home, you need to move away from the windows.

Storm

World foci of thunderstorms are in separate areas of Central and South America, Southeast Asia, Central and East Africa, that is, where high humidity And air heating leads to the rapid formation of rain clouds. For example, in Singapore, on average, 170 thunderstorms per year, in the Amazon basin - more than 200, on the island of Java to 220. Maximum thunderstorm activity falls on Uganda - from 250 to 270 days a year. Thunderstorm in the listed regions can last from three to ten o'clock, whereas in Russia medium duration One thunderstorm is no more than two hours. Maximum number Days with a thunderstorm - on average 30-40 - falls on the area of \u200b\u200bSochi and the foothills of the Caucasus.

Thunderstorms are always accompanied by lightning and thunder.

Lightning

SAMI high concentration Lightning is registered in the valley of the river Katatumbo, which flows into Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela), - 250 discharges over each square kilometer per year. The total number of lightning over the course of the year exceeds 1 million. Continuous discharges illuminate kathatum from 365 nights 140-160 times. Light reflections are visible at a distance of 400 km. The Venezuelan Municipality announced this territory the "world capital of lightning".

Council

Thunderstorm accompanied by zippers belongs to one of the most dangerous human natural phenomena. It is important to know the basic safety rules.

It is impossible to be near the power lines, under the trees, especially lonely standing on open area and elevation. If you are in an open place, it is best to squat. It is undesirable to go in a thunderstorm under an umbrella with metal knitting needles. Can not be allowed during a thunderstorm of contact with metal devices and mobile phones, Including indoors. The element is better to wait into the shelter.

Air temperature

The absolute minimum temperature on Earth (-89.2 ° C) was recorded in Antarctica at the East station on July 21, 1983. But since the station is located at an altitude of 3488 m, then its testimony cannot be considered record. To compare various observations, they must be given to the sea level. In this case, the most low temperatures Find out in Yakutia. Officially, Verkhoyansk (137 m above sea level) was recognized as a pole of the Planet cold (137 m above sea level), where the temperature of -67.8 ° C was observed on February 5-8, 1892. Unofficially - the village of Oymyakon (745 m), in which serial meteorles began to spend much later. In a number of sources, it is given that in January 1916, the temperature here was lowered to -82 ° C.

As for the heat, in the Libyan city of El Azizia on September 13, 1922, the planetary record was registered in the shadows: +57.7 ° C. Not far behind the Death Valley in California - +56.7 ° C. The absolute maximum in Russia (+45.4 ° C) was recorded on Uta weather stations in Kalmykia on July 12, 2010. By the way, many areas of those abnormally hot in the summer have established their regional records. For example, in Moscow on July 29, 2010, the air warmed up to +38.2 ° C. By the way, a record minimum for the capital (-42.2 ° C) was established in 1940.

Council

Acclimatization of a person to a hot climate or arctic cold is individual. But unambiguous residents of moderate latitudes are more susceptible to various disorders: thermal impact, impaired water exchange, solar burn - which are fraught with consequences for the body. For them, air temperature from +38 ° C (it is close to blood temperature) are already dangerous. In addition, people with upigmented leather there is a chance to obtain severe disease, especially with long solar irradiation.

reference

According to international meteorological rules, the air temperature is measured by a special thermometer, which is located at an altitude of 2 m from the soil surface in a well ventilated booth protected from direct sun ray And far away from the bouncing.

Records of one line

• The Sunlight on the planet is the city of Yuma in Arizona, in Russia - Born in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
• The most foggy city in Russia - South Kurilsk, where this phenomenon is observed an average of 118 days a year (in Moscow - about ten days).
• The strongest ice swept covered the southeast of Canada and the Northeast of the United States from 4 to 10 January 1998. The diameter of the deposits in some places reached record values \u200b\u200bof 10-12 cm.
• The city of scrap in Montana in the USA - the record holder to change the temperature: during the day on January 15, 1972, the temperature jumped from -48 to +9 ° C.
• A record snowfish was recorded in the town of Fort Keo Montana in January 1887 - its diameter was 38 cm (usually about 5 mm).
• Most snowstorm In Russia - Pushchino village in Kamchatka. The minimum number of days with snow is marked in Sochi, but only 10 km from the Red Polyana - on the Achishho Ridge, the height of snow can be 10 m.