As a result of the pressure difference between two different air regions, the wind occurs. The speed and direction of its movement may vary depending on the pressure indicators in time and space. In most areas of the planet, certain wind directions are dominated. So, the poles are dominated by oriental winds, in moderate latitudes - Western. Along with such areas there are also clock zones and abnormal areas where the wind blows constantly.
Strong wind can also occur due to local changes like confrontation of cyclone and anticyclone. Under the action of wind on terrestrial objects and excitement at the sea, the wind power is evaluated in the ballages on the Bafort scale. Depending on how fast the wind blows, each wind force has its verbal definition.
Wind speed: 1-5 km / h
From 0 to 1 point
The calm is a windless or almost windless weather, at which the maximum wind speed is not more than 0.5 m / s. When a silent wind blows, light ripples appear on the sea. On land with such wind smoke deviates from the vertical direction.
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Lightweight, weak, moderate, fresh
Wind speed: 12-38 km / h
From 2 to 5 points
The wind from 2 points is classified as light. He can break the leaves of trees, his whiff is felt on the skin. With 3 points, weak wind, the branches, flags begin to swing, the sea appear short, but severe waves. A moderate wind, which is estimated in the 4th point, raises dust, blurs the outlines of smoke and creates white lambs on the water. Fresh wind in 5 points forces to split thin trunks, cause a whistle in the ears and form the waves with a height of up to 2 meters.
Strong, strong and very strong
Wind speed: from 39 to 61 km / h
From 6 to 8 points
Strong wind in 6 points usually does not give to open an umbrella. It can easily bend thin trees and rock thick branches. The wave height reaches 3 meters. Anti-strong wind, which is estimated at 7 points, it is difficult to go. Even more difficult, it will be done if the window blows very strong. Speak on such a wind is also very difficult.
Storm
Wind speed: from 75 to 88 km / h
From 9 to 11 points
The storm can be ordinary, strong and cruel. If the usual just breaks off the roofs and burns big trees, then his older "counterparts" can destroy the buildings, snatch with the root of the trees and raise the wave of 11 meters high.
Hurricane
Wind speed: more than 117 km / h
The hurricane is literally everything that turns out to be on his way. Wind gusts can reach 50-60 m / s. The wind can easily lift heavy items into the air and transfer them to considerable distances, drowning the ships and destroy the monumental structures.
Records
The strongest gust of winds in the entire history was registered in 1934 on Mount Washington in New Hampshire, USA. Within a few minutes, the wind blew at a speed of 123 m / s. The most windy place on the planet is COMMONWEALTH Bay in Antarctica. There the wind blows constantly, and the speed of it reaches 240 km / h.
The fastest wind in the world registered the expert commission on April 10, 1996. The gust of the wind reached its record mark on the island of Barrow, in Australia. At this time, the Olivia cyclone was held here.
Wind speed on the island reached 408 kilometers per hour. For comparison, the average wind speed in the world reaches 15 kilometers per hour.
Before that, the fastest wind in the world was considered a stream that was caught in New Hampshire on Mount Washington. This place today is considered one of the most unfriendly on the planet. Before the new record was recorded in 1996, the American wind in New Hampshire was considered the most powerful flow of about 70 years.
Wind speed on top of Mount Washington reached 372 kilometers per hour.
Despite these anomalies of the planet, today the overall weakening of winds around the world is recorded. Researchers analyzed 800 meteorological stations for the last 3 dozen years. It turned out that today the wind speed indicators decreased by 15%. That is, if earlier air flows went at a speed of 17 km / h, today it is 14 km / h today.
What is the reason? Scientists believe that one of the main causes of such indicators is the restoration of forests due to the acute environmental situation. But no one flies off with and global warming.
What threatens? But the consequences of such changes may be negative for humans. For example, researchers suggested that the slowdown of wind streams can lead to air pollution, as well as a sharp reduction in the spread of seeds on the ground. Not to mention the fact that wind power plants will now produce significantly less energy. The world also appeared the strangest clouds.
Supported: Find out whether a pole change will occur in 2012 and what it threatens humanity.
From natural phenomena, which bear the danger of person and the surrounding nature, hurricanes are relatively small in size, but have a big destructive force.
Tropical cyclones, emerging in the open ocean, gaining strength, develop into strongest hurricanes. Their force is measured on a five-point scale. These are the strongest hurricanes in the world we will consider in our review.
Galveston
At the junction of the centuries, in September 1900, the largest hurricane fell on the American city of Galveston, the victims of which were 6 thousand people.
It has been over 100 years old, and the memories of one of the strongest hurricanes in the history of the United States are still being concerned with the consequences of destruction.
The birth of the cyclone managed to notice on August 5, 1969 off the coast of Africa, and on the night of August 17, the strongest natural element had already collapsed on the coastal territories of the United States and Mexico.
Camilla was assigned a 5th level of danger, since the speed of vortex flows when approaching the territory of the United States reached 180 kilometers per hour. Hurricane brought big destruction in the mouth of Mississippi, 256 people are considered missing.
For a powerful hurricane, a flood was followed, the life of 113 inhabitants of Virginia.
Typhoon Nika
In the southeastern region of the planet Typhoon, a frequent phenomenon, but Typhoon "Nika" fell into China in 1975 became the most powerful and destructive.
The strength of the wind was so powerful that Bankiao broke through a large dam, as well as dozens of small dams, which led to the strongest flood.
During the hospital, the elements in China, according to different estimates, died from 100 to 230 thousand people.
Observing in the Atlantic Ocean, Andrew gained strength and swirl in the Bahamas, the southern part of Florida and touched Louisiana.
Residents managed to warn on time, but the hurricane became one of the most destructive. Despite the successful evacuation, the victims could not be avoided. 26 people died, and 39 then died from injuries.
US authorities appreciated the damage from Andrew at $ 26.5 billion.
October 1998 remained in the memory of the inhabitants of the Atlantic and Central America in connection with the sweating hurricane, the speed of which reached 320 kilometers per hour.
The terrible hurricane in the history of the life of more than 20 thousand inhabitants of the three Central American states. Powerful selevo-mud streams demolished whole villages, fascinating machines and architectural structures behind them.
The element gave rise to a powerful tsunami with a wave height of 6 meters, which tangible on the coast, caused powerful flood. During the element, eyewitnesses were observed and the formed tornadoes who carried no less danger.
Thanks to favorable conditions, a tropical cyclone, originated on August 30, 2017 off the coast of Africa, in just a few days a survey in a hurricane of the 5th category.
Hurricane Irma is the longest in the entire history of observations. It should be noted that September was unique, since the three powerful cyclones were raging in the Atlantic.
Despite the timely evacuation, it was not possible to avoid human victims, and the amount of destruction amounted to more than $ 60 billion. Today, Irma is the most powerful hurricane not only in the history of the United States, but also the entire Western hemisphere.
A large tragedy caused by a tropical cyclone, occurred in 1997 and became the most terrible in the history of Mexico on the power of destruction and damage.
Obtained in the open ocean, the hurricane first moved to the east, but then sharply turned to the north-west and with a huge speed greater than sometimes 200 kilometers per hour, swept along the coast of Mexico. He provoked heavy rains, which was the cause of flooding and powerful landslides.
After "Pauline" subsided, the number of victims was 500 people, and without a roof over his head, approximately 300 thousand Mexicans were left.
The maximum speed of the hurricane, which originated in the northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean, reached 270 km per hour, because of which he was assigned the 5th category.
The wind and tornadow of a big devastating force covered two states of Mexico and destroyed or partially damaged tens of thousands of buildings. Unfortunately, 4 thousand inhabitants of Mexico died, and the city of San Blas was practically destroyed.
According to eyewitnesses, the elements and rescuers terribly observed the consequences of a disaster that brought with him Kenna.
San Caliksto
The most powerful tropical cyclone in the history of mankind swept over the islands of the Caribbean archipelago in the fall of 1780. The most terrible hurricane, as historical records testify, passed 22 thousand people.
Having come across the Canadian Newfoundland to the island of Barbados, San Callee destroyed 95% of residential and economic buildings, administrative cultural structures. Using modern technology, scientists suggested that wind speed in those days amounted to about 330 kilometers per hour.
Cyclone Bhola.
The most destructive hurricanes become the result of the collision of air flows of different temperatures, and originate in various parts of the Earth. But the strongest hurricane today originated in the Pacific region.
Cyclone became the consequence of a tropical storm, but the most sad, record-in-one in the number of human victims of the natural element, swept at a speed of 320 kilometers per hour on November 12, 1970 in the territories of Pakistan and some states of India.
Huge waves that have collapsed coastal zone were washed off entire villages. The number of people who died as a result of a disaster amounted to more than 400 thousand, and damage from destruction and damage to agricultural land amounted to 86 billion dollars.
Today, the weather observations with space satellites and the modern means of alert help to prevent the impending element and prevent numerous sacrifices. But this sometimes does not help, since the suddenness of hurricanes and their huge speed of spreading is sometimes causing the inhabitants of the planet by surprise.
Right holder illustration Robert Mora Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. Trees flexible by the winds that are constantly on the shore of Katling of the Southern Island of New Zealand
Among the applicants for the title of the most thoughtful point of the planet - the state of Oklahoma in the USA, Antarctica, the southern ocean and a small island from the coast of Australia. But it all depends on which parameters this purge measure is measured. The correspondent was dealing with windiness.
Barrow Island, Australia
Right holder illustration Suzanne Long Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. On April 10, 1996, the meteorological station on the island of Barrow registered the gusts of the wind to 408 km / hOn this small island, located at the North-West Coast of Australia, the time is pretty sway.
On April 10, 1996, the automatic meteorological station located there has registered the wind gusts up to 408 kilometers per hour. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), these are the strongest wind gusts in the entire history of observations.
Typhoon Olivia caused the most powerful single impact impulse, but did not become the most powerful tropical cyclone in history
This serious record was delivered using the Olivia tropical cyclone.
Tropical cyclones are rotating areas of storm winds. They arise when warm and wet air rises from the surface of the ocean and forms a low pressure weather system.
Typhoon accelerates the trade winds that go towards the equator. A raised air column is twisted due to the so-called Coriolis effect, in which the rotation of the Earth deflects winds from the equator.
Such weather systems are able to generate wind of hurricane power. Particularly powerful cyclones are called in the Far East and in Southeast Asia Typhoon, and in North and South America - Hurricanes.
Right holder illustration NASA. Image Caption. Sometimes two typhoon can be formed simultaneously, as can be seen in the picture from space.So, Typhoon Olivia caused the most powerful single impact impulse - which, however, does not make it the most powerful tropical cyclone in history. To do this, it is better to estimate the storm according to the steady wind speed parameter.
According to WMO, the champion in this category seems to be Typhoon Nancy 1961. It was formed on the Pacific Ocean and led to the death of 170 people when he collapsed on the coast of Japan.
It was reported that at the Typhoon, the stable wind speed reached 346 kilometers per hour - although meteorologists are now suspected that this assessment could be somewhat overestimated.
However, spiral vortices-tornadoes can cause even stronger wind gusts.
So one of the most blown places on Earth is exactly in the middle of the United States.
Oklahoma, United States
Right holder illustration Reed Timmer SPL Image Caption. Most of all the tornads arises in the southeastern states of the United States, nicknamed "Alley Tornado"Tornado is a rotating vertical vortex forming between the lower edge of the thunderclouds and the surface of the Earth.
If there was water instead of the Earth below, then such a vortex is called Water Solochi.
Tornado - "The most fierce of all atmospheric storms," \u200b\u200bis considered in the National Laboratory for the study of storms located in the city of Norman in the American state of Oklahoma.
Tornadoes can accelerate the wind to unprecedented strength, but for a long time they do not last
They may arise anywhere in the world, but in the US there are much more than anywhere else - especially in the southeastern states, nicknamed "Alley Tornado".
In Oklahoma WMO noted the highest wind speed for the vortex of this type: 486 kilometers per hour. It happened on May 3, 1999 in the Bridge Creek area.
Although tornadoes can accelerate the wind to the unprecedented force, they will not last long.
But there are places in the world where the powerful wind blows all year round.
South ocean
Right holder illustration Gavin Newman Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. Quite ordinary day in the southern ocean - storm and shakesAs a result of uneven heating of the sun, the surface of our planet over it is formed by a giant belt of prevailing winds.
At 30 ° degrees to the north and south of the equator, the trade winds are consistent. Western winds dominate the breadth of 40 °, and the polar oriental polar is dominated in the area of \u200b\u200b60 °.
If you ask any sailor who has taken round-the-world swimming, he will answer that the strongest winds - and the biggest waves - are found in the Southern Ocean.
These brown southern latitudes entered the sea folklore under the nicknames "roaring forties", "frantic fifties" and "piercing sixties".
Unlike the northern hemisphere, in the southern on the way the prevailing Western winds are almost no continents - therefore the wind can accelerate without interference to a speed of over 150 kilometers per hour.
Antarctica
Right holder illustration Fruchtzwergs World CC BY 2.0 Image Caption. Downward or catabathic winds in Antarctic - the generation of cold and the shape of the earth's surfaceCatabatical, or descending, winds blow in Antarctica. They arise due to the combination of the cold climate and the peculiar form of the polar continent.
"Continuous surface cooling, especially during the Antarctic winter, when the sun is barely rises or is not rising at all due to the horizon, leads to the formation of a thin layer of cold, dense air right above the surface," explains John King from the British Center for the study of Antarctic, located in Cambridge.
"Antarctica has a cast-shaped form, and therefore the cold air moves from its higher located center towards coasts," said the specialist. "As a result of the rotation of the Earth, this air moves down not in a straight line: on the way it deflects to the left."
Right holder illustration Atomic Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. Snow Buran at Cape Denison - here little has changed since 1912From February 1912 to December 1913, scientists measured the wind speed at Cape Denison at the Sea of \u200b\u200bCommonwealth in the east of Antarctica. And to this day it is believed that of all weather stations that are at sea level, this is located in the most thoughtful place.
On July 6, 1913, a record for the average wind power was registered at this station for an hour: it amounted to 153 km / h.
According to the scale of the Beaufort scale, widely used to estimate the wind speed, on average at Cape Denison, the weather is regarded as a storm.
Sir Douglas Muson, who headed the expedition to Cape Denison, wrote: "The climate is essentially a year-round Purga and a blizzard: a hurricane wind roars weeks, interrupting only occasionally for a couple of hours."
The combination of the strongest winds and minus temperatures significantly makes it difficult to measure the forces of catabathic winds.
Right holder illustration Design Pics Inc Alamy Stock Photo Image Caption. Antarctica catabathic winds - native elements for capsFirst, if the storm played not for a joke, it can carry the measuring equipment and masts on which it is fixed.
But even when the storm subsides, the usual types of cup or wing anemometers (wind measurement devices) are often freezing and covered with ice.
"You can use ultrasound anemometers in which there are no moving parts, and which can be equipped with heating to avoid icing," says King. "But they do not work very well in conditions of a strong wind accompanied by snow."
In general, the wind speed in Antarctica is not easy at all.
There are several places that are desperately fighting the title of windy terrain on the planet Earth. However, it turns out that nature is trying to preserve some of their secrets, and the wind is not so easy to measure, and the title of windy place depends on the definition of "windiness".
Island Barrow
Located north-west of the shores of Australia, this small island experienced gusts of the strongest winds. In 1996, April 10, the meteorological station recorded the strongest in the history of the gust of the wind, whose speed reached 408 km per hour. This gust of the wind came on the wings of the tropical cyclone Olivia.
Tropical cyclones are formed when raising warm, wet air from the surface of the seas and oceans. They are accompanied by abundant precipitation and wind power winds. Tropical cyclones are capable of maintaining their power only over large aquatic arrays, such as outdoor seas and oceans. Islands are especially strong from such weather phenomena. Such a cyclone in the northern hemisphere is called Typhoon, and over the waters of the Atlantic Ocean - Hurricane.
Despite the fact that Cyclone Olivia brought the strongest impulse of the wind, he is still not the strongest cyclone. Usually the power of the cyclone is determined by the continuous power of the wind. According to meteorological data, Typhoon Nancy became the champion, the continuous strength of the wind of which in 1961 reached 146 km per hour. Nancy caused 170 people in Japan's death.
All the same cyclones are not champions on the strength of the wind. Even more destructive gusts occur during tornadoes and tornado. Thus, one of the windy places in the world is located in the very center of the United States.
Oklahoma
Tornado in Russian often called Solochi, it is a air column that connects the thunderstorm cloud with the Earth. According to many meteorologists, tornadoes are the strongest and destructive of all atmospheric vortices and storms.
Such a weather phenomenon like a tornado, can happen anywhere, but most often they appear in the United States. Southeast States even got the title "Alley Tornado". In 2011, the "Alley" served as a arena for the formation of 207 individuals in a period of 24 hours.
In 1999, on May 3, in the state of Oklahoma, the highest speed of the Tornado, which reached 486 km per hour was recorded.
Despite the high wind speeds in the tornado, this weather phenomenon is usually relatively short, but there is a place in which you may encounter a strong wind at any time of the year.
South ocean
So conventionally referred to the water of three oceans - Indian, quiet and atlantic, which are washed by the shores of Antarctica. Increasingly, among experts, the separation of the World Ocean is not on the usual four aqueous arrays, but five, when they determine the southern ocean a separate role.
Any traveler or researcher who has made around the world swimming will inform you that the water of the Southern Ocean is the most restless. Starting from 40 ° lard, winds become especially cruel and strong. Gusts are also enhanced by the fact that air flows are not interrupted by continents and major islands. Thus, the continuous strength of the wind in the southern ocean can reach 160 km per hour.
Although this force is enough to recognize the Southern Ocean of one of the windy places, a little south of restless waters lies continent, whose air flows brought him the title of the most windy 100 years ago.
Antarctica
The wind in Antarctica is unusual - it is called catabathic, or falling. Due to the form of the continent, the dense air flows are descended over the ice slopes, which makes the wind not only strong, but also unusually cold.
The form of the continent is very similar to the dome, the wind blows from the top towards the coastline with a slope to the left due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The strength of the winds of the wind on the most southern continent is regularly measured from December 1913. The most windy hour in the history of Antarctica was July 6, 1913, when the power of air flow reached 153 km per hour.
However, it is very difficult to measure the power of the catabathic wind, especially in Antarctica, where the temperature never rises above the zero. First, strong air flows due to their density are easily breaking equipment, secondly, even if some measuring stations and pillars remain intact, they are often leaving.
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