Vacuum, or thermobaric bomb in its capacity practically does not give way to nuclear ammunition. But unlike the latter, its use does not threaten radiation and a global environmental catastrophe.
Coal dust
The first test of the vacuum charge was held in 1943 by a group of German chemists led by Mario Zippermayr. The principle of operation of the device was suggested by an accident on milling industries and in mines where bulk explosions often occur. That is why ordinary coal dust used as an explosive. The fact is that by this time fascist Germany There was already a serious deficit of BBs, first of all TNT. However, you failed to bring this idea to real production.
Actually, the term " vacuum bomb"From a technical point of view is not correct. In fact, it is a classic thermobaric weapon in which the fire applies under greater pressure. Like most explosives, it is a fuel and oxidative premix. The difference is that in the first case the explosion comes from a point source, and in the second - the front of the flame covers a significant amount. All this is accompanied by a powerful shock wave. For example, when on December 11, 2005, a surround explosion occurred in an empty repository of the oil terminal in Hartfordshire (England), then 150 km from the epicenter, people wake up from the fact that the windows were rattling the glass.
Vietnamese experience
For the first time, thermobaric weapons applied in Vietnam to clearing the jungle, primarily for helicopter platforms. The effect was stunning. It was enough to reset three or four such explosive operating devices, and the Iroquoise helicopter could land in the most unexpected places for partisans.
In fact, these were 50 liter high pressure cylinders, with brake parachute, which was revealed at thirty-meter height. Approximately five meters from the ground, the pyriculture destroyed the shell, and a gas cloud was formed under pressure, which exploded. At the same time, the substances and mixtures were not used in the fuel-air bombs and the mixture was something special. These were ordinary methane, propane, acetylene, ethylene and propylene oxide.
Soon, experimentally turned out that thermobaric weapons have a huge destructive power in limited spaces, such as in the tunnels, in caves, and in bunkers, but not suitable for windy weather, under water and on big height. There were attempts to use in the Vietnamese war of thermobaric shells of large caliber, but they were not effective.
Termobaric death
On February 1, 2000, immediately after the next test of the thermobaric bomb, Human Rights Watch, the CIA expert, described its action as follows: "The direction of the volume explosion is unique and extremely dangerous for life. First, people who have had defeat in the zone acts high pressure The burning mixture, and then - the vacuum, actually a vacuum bursting the lungs. All this is accompanied by severe burns, including internal, as many have time to breathe fuel and oxidizing premix. "
However, S. light hands Journalists, this weapon was called a vacuum bomb. Interestingly, in the 90s of the last century, some experts believed that people who died from the "vacuum bomb" seemed to be in space. They say, as a result of the explosion, the oxygen instantly burned out, and for some time an absolute vacuum was formed. So, Military expert Terry Garder from Jane magazine reported russian troops "Vacuum bomb" against chechen militants In the village of Semashko. Its report says that those killed did not have external damage, and died from the break of the lungs.
The second after the atomic bomb
After seven years, September 11, 2007, the thermobaric bomb was spoken up as the most powerful non-nuclear weapons. "The test results of the created aviation ammunition showed that it is in its effectiveness and opportunities to commensurate with a nuclear ammunition," said former head GOU, Colonel-General Alexander Kratshin. It was about the most destructive innovative thermobaric weapons in the world.
New Russian aviation ammunition It turned out four times more powerful than the biggest American vacuum bomb. The experts of the Pentagon immediately stated that the Russian data was exaggerated at least twice. A press secretary of the US President George W. Bush is given Perino at Briefing on September 18, 2007 to an ulcer question than the Americans respond to Russian lunge, said that for the first time hears about it.
Meanwhile, John Pike from analytical Center GlobalSecurity, I agree with the stated power, which Alexander Kratshin spoke. He wrote: "Russian military and scientists were pioneers in the development and use of thermobaric weapons. it new story Arms. " If a nuclear weapon It is a priori deterrent because of the possibility of radioactive infection, then heavy duty thermobaric bombs, according to him, for sure, will be applied by the "hot heads" of the generals of different countries.
Nehuman killer
In 1976, the UN adopted a resolution in which the weapon of a surround action called the "inhuman means of conducting war, causing excessive suffering of people." However, this document is not mandatory and directly does not prohibit termobaric bombs. That is why there are reports of "vacuum bombing" from time to time. So on August 6, 1982, the Israeli aircraft attacked the thermobaric ammunition of American production Libyan troops. And quite recently, the publishing "Telegraph" reported the use of the Syrian military fuel-friendly fugasal bombs in the city of Rakka, as a result of which 14 people died. And although this attack was not made chemical weapons, international community Requires the use of thermobaric weapons in cities.
Journalists who have received humanitarian education, but not disassembled in natural sciencesUnfortunately, the phenomenon is often. Otherwise, it is difficult to explain the pearls of the masters of the pen, as the "burning of oxygen" or "an explosion on the contrary", trying to explain the inhabitant the principle of action of a vacuum bomb. Oxygen does not burn, ignition is just a connection of this chemical element With a combustible substance. And the explosion, he is an explosion, as it is neither turning out.
General principle of action
Work on the study of the possibility of using the effect of the volume explosion was carried out from the end of the fifties of the XX century. This phenomenon itself was known for a long time due to accidents that took place on mills, sugar factories and mines. Virtually any substance scattered into small dust can cause an explosion of terrible strength, and the slightest spark is the reason for it. Actually, this is theoretical FoundationAccording to which the vacuum bomb "works". The principle of operation of this special work is based on pre-dispersing, that is, spraying active substance And his subsequent ignition. How to do it? This is already a purely technical question. With the level of technology of the twentieth century, his solution has not been a great difficulty. Oddly, it was originally a vacuum bomb conceived by American engineers not to defeat the live strength and equipment of the enemy, but in order to quickly clearing the Vietnamese jungle and the creation of landing sites in which helicopters often needed. The fact is that the US Army, unlike Vietmin, could not fight without sustainable supply. Ammunition is understandable, but in the combat zone it was necessary to deliver a wide variety of cargo: from food and cigarettes to toilet paper, and on clearing the minimum square needed to "Hewie" sat down, many hours were required. The vacuum bomb burned the most violent vegetation for a fraction of a second. It happened relatively inexpensive.
Almost like an atomic bomb
Such valuable quality, as a huge striking ability, with minimal weight and low cost, is not left unnoticed, especially in conditions when the enemy hides underground. The sprayed substance is steel on the surface, it is heavier than air, and therefore penetrates all the gaps. For this reason, the vacuum bomb has become an effective element of anti-Paintisan tactics. american army In the period of the Vietnamese war. Further development The volumetric explosion technologies led to the expansion of the capabilities of this type of weapons and the creation of heavy-duty explosive devices, according to its destructive ability to be comparable to nuclear ammunition. In response to the American "Mom of All Bombs" (GBU-43 / B with a Trotil Equivalent of 11 tons), Russian scientists and designers presented four times more powerful "dad".
Tactical use of vacuum bombs
The ammunition with an increased capacity of the volume explosion is not always in demand in local conflicts, especially when you need to put point blows on the databases of terrorist militants. Usually, to solve this problem, smaller, weight and impact power of the device are used, which can be delivered to the target the usual front attack aircraft, such as Su-25. The vacuum bomb, discarded in 1999 to the cluster of the living force of the separatists who invaded Dagestan, not far from Aula Tando, made such an effect that any single military aircraft that followed during this period was called in the ranks of militants to panic.
September 11, 2007 in Russia successfully passed the tests of the most powerful non-nuclear ammunition in the world. The Tu-160 strategic bomber has dropped a bomb of 7.1 tons and with a capacity of about 40 tons in a TNT equivalent, with a guaranteed radius of the destruction of all living things - more than three hundred meters. In Russia, this ammunition received the nickname "dad of all bombs". He belonged to the class of ammunition of a bulk explosion.
Development and testing of ammunition called "Dad All Bombs" is the Russian response of the United States. Up to this point, the most powerful non-nuclear ammunition was considered american bomb GBU-43B MOAB, which the developers themselves called the "mother of all bombs". Russian "dad" surpassed "Mom" in all indicators. Truth, american ammunition It does not belong to the class of vacuum ammunition, this is the most ordinary Fugas.
Today, the weapon of the volume explosion is the second in power after the nuclear. What is the basis of its principle of operation? What explosive makes vacuum bombs equal to the power of thermonuclear monsters?
The principle of action of the ammunition of a volume explosion
Vacuum bombs or ammunition of a bulk explosion (or volume-detonating ammunition) is a type of ammunition that works on the principle of creating a bulk explosion, famous humanity For many hundreds of years.
Principle of action of a vacuum bomb
In its capacity, such combat supplies are comparable to nuclear charges. But, unlike the latter, do not have factor radiation infection terrain and do not fall under one of international Conventions Regarding weapons of mass lesion.
A person has long acquainted with the phenomenon of a volume explosion. Such explosions quite often happened on milling industries, where the smallest flour dust or sugar factories accumulated in the air. Yet great danger Present similar explosions in coal mines. Volumetric explosions are one of the most terrible hazards that lie down the miners underground. In poorly ventilated slaves, coal dust and gas methane accumulate. For initiation power explosion In such conditions, even a small spark.
A typical example of a volume explosion is to undermine household gas indoors.
The physical principle of operation through which the vacuum bomb works is pretty simple. Usually it uses an explosive with a low boiling point that easily goes into gaseous condition Even when low temperatures (for example, acetylene oxide). To create an artificial volume explosion, you just need to create a cloud from a mixture of air and fuel and set fire to it. But it's just only in theory, in practice this process is quite complicated.
In the center of the ammunition of the bulk explosion there is a small subversive charge, which consists of a conventional explosive (BB). Its function includes spraying of the main charge, which quickly turns into gas or aerosol and reacts with air oxygen. It is the latter that plays the role of the oxidant, so the vacuum bomb is several times more powerful than the usual having the same mass.
The task of the subversive charge is the uniform distribution of the combustible gas or aerosol in space. Then the second charge comes into business, which causes the detonation of this cloud. Sometimes they use several charges. The delay between the triggers of two charges is less than one second (150 MSK).
The name "Vacuum bomb" does not accurately displays the principle of action of this weapon. Yes, after the undermining of such a bomb, there really is a decrease in pressure, but there is no question of any vacuum. In general, the ammunition of the volume explosion has already spawned a large number of Myths.
As an explosive in bulk ammunition, various liquids are usually used (ethylene oxide and propylene, dimethylacetylene, propyl nitrite), as well as light metal powders (magnesium is most often used).
How it works
When undermining the ammunition of the bulk explosion, a shock wave arises, but it is much weaker than when an ordinary explosive of TNT-type explosion. However, the shock wave is valid at a bulk explosion much longer than when undermining ordinary ammunition.
If you compare the action of a regular charge with a pedestrian blow by a truck, then shock wave With a bulk explosion, this is a skating rink, which not only will slowly erupt the victim, but also stand on it.
However, the most mysterious affecting factor of bulk ammunition is a wave reduced pressurewhich follows the shock front. There is a large number of conflicting opinions about her action. There is evidence that it is the zone of reduced pressure that the most destructive action has the most destructive action. However, it seems unlikely, since the pressure drop is only 0.15 atmosphere.
Jumps in the water are experiencing a short-term pressure drop to 0.5 atmosphere, and this does not lead to a break of lungs or losing eye from the eye.
The ammunition of a volume explosion is more efficient and dangerous for the enemy makes their other feature. The explosive wave after the undermining of a similar ammunition does not enhance obstacles and is not reflected from them, but "counts" into each slot and shelter. Therefore, to hide in the trench or dugout, if the aviation vacuum bomb is reset, definitely not work.
The shock wave passes along the surface of the soil, so it is perfect for undermining anti-personnel and anti-tank mines.
Why all ammunition did not become vacuum
The effectiveness of the ammunition of the bulk explosion became obvious almost immediately after the start of their application. Uponing ten gallons (32 liters) of sprayed acetylene made an effect equal to explosion 250 kg of trotyl. Why didn't all modern ammunition become voluminous?
The reason lies in the features of the surround explosion. Species and detonating ammunition are only one affecting factor - a shock wave. Neither cumulative nor fragmentation action on target they do not produce.
In addition, the ability to destroy the barrier from them is extremely small, they strengthen it, as their explosion refers to the type "burning". However, in most cases, an explosion of the "detonation" is needed, which destroys barriers on its path or discard them.
An explosion of bulk ammunition is possible only in the air, it cannot be made in water or soil, since to create a fuel cloud need oxygen.
For the successful use of volume-detonating ammunition, weather conditions are important, which determine the success of the formation of the gas cloud. It makes no sense to create bulk ammunition ammunition: aviation bombs weighing less than 100 kg and shells caliber less than 220 mm.
In addition, the trajectory defeat target is very important for bulk ammunition. The most efficiently they act during the vertical defeat of the object. On the slowdown frames of the explosion of the bulk ammunition, it can be seen that the shock wave forms a toroidal cloud, best when it is "stele" on the ground.
History of creation and application
The birth of its ammunition of a bulk explosion (like a lot of other weapons) is obliged to be underestimated by the German weapon. During the Last World War, the Germans drew attention to the power of explosions that occur in coal mines. They tried to use the same physical principles For the production of a new type of ammunition.
They did not come out of anything real, and after the defeat of Germany, these developments fell to the allies. They forgot about many decades. The first about the volume explosions remembered the Americans during the Vietnam War.
In Vietnam, the Americans were very widely used martial helicoptersWith the help of which they supplied their troops and evacuated the wounded. A rather serious problem was the construction of landing sites in the jungle. The clearing of a landing site and takeoff only one helicopter required the hard work of a whole sperm platoon for 12-24 hours. Clearing the platforms with the help of conventional explosions was not possible, because they left behind huge funnels. That was the case and remembered the ammunition of the volume explosion.
A combat helicopter could carry several such ammunition on board, the explosion of each of them created the platform quite suitable for landing.
Also very effective turned out to be combat application Volumetric ammunition, they provided the strongest psychological effect on Vietnamese. Help from such an explosion was very problematic even in a reliable dugout or bunker. The Americans have successfully used the bomb of the bulk explosion to destroy the partisans in the tunnels. At the same time, the development of such ammunition was engaged in the USSR.
Americans equipped their first bombs various species Hydrocarbons: ethylene, acetylene, propane, propylene and others. In the USSR, experimented with a variety of metal powders.
However, the ammunition of the first generation surround explosion was rather demanding to comply with the rules of bombing, they highly depended on weather conditions, poorly worked at negative temperatures.
For the development of second-generation ammunition, the Americans used the computer on which they simulated a bulk explosion. In the late 70s of the last century, the UN Convention was adopted on the ban on this weapon, but this did not stop his development in the USA and the USSR.
Today, ammunition of the third generation surround explosion has already been developed. Works in this direction are actively conducted in the USA, Germany, Israel, China, Japan and Russia.
"Dad all bombs"
It should be noted that Russia is among the states with the most advanced developments in the field of creating an arms of the volume explosion. Vacuum bomb increased powerTested in 2007 - bright confirmation of this fact.
Until this time, the most powerful non-nuclear ammunition was considered American aviation Bomb GBU-43 / B, with a weight of 9.5 tons and 10 meters long. The Americans themselves considered this controlled aviabomb is not too effective. Against tanks and infantry, in their opinion, it is better to use cassette ammunition. It should also be noted that GBU-43 / B does not apply to bulk ammunition, it contains ordinary explosives.
In 2007, after testing, Russia adopted a vacuum bomb of high power. This development is kept secret, no abbreviation, which is assigned an ammunition or an exact number of bombs, which is in service with the Armed Forces of Russia. It was stated that the capacity of this superbum is 40-44 tons in TNT equivalent.
The emergence of a fundamentally new sample of weapons or military equipment Often gives rise to a lot of rumors. And most of them are related to the exaggerated assessment of the possibilities of "miracle weapons". This is usually due to the tendency of journalists to sensations against the background of the scarcity of product information.
The same situation arose and a dream ammunition of a volume explosion. The sample of this weapon was successfully tested on September 11, 2007. Released with Tu-160 Bomb turned out to be powerful from non-nuclear. "Experts" from the media gave her the mysterious name "Aviation Vacuum Bomb of Increased Power".
Operating principle
The incorrect term "vacuum" arose due to short-term (hundredths of a second) "burnout" of oxygen. In fact, the pressure drop does not exceed 0.5 atmospheres, which is safe for humans. The resulting vacuum zone is instantly filled with combustion products. And the striking factor is no "suction by vacuum", and the shock wave.
The principle of the volume explosion itself is the detonation of a combustible substance, sprayed in some amount of air. Contact area with air of all aerosol particles is much larger than substances in by the usual form. And the composition of the air includes oxygen - the oxidizing agent required for explosion. Such a "mixing" of a combustible substance with an oxidizer repeatedly increases the power of the explosion.
Thanks to this principle, the new weapon received an ammunition of a volume explosion (bov).
In comparison with the explosive (explosive) type TNT, BOV has 5-8 times greater power. However, due to the low density of the sprayed substance, the speed of explosion bov is less. U bov it is 1,500-2000 m / s against 6950 m / s at TNT. Because of this, below its ability to crush obstacles (a brisk effect).
IN everyday life The bulk explosion is found in the form of accidents at enterprises. High concentration In the air of a combustible dust or vapor creates prerequisites for an explosion. Such quite peaceful substances include wood, coal, sugar dust or gasoline pairs.
The implementation of this idea for military purposes is as follows. The shell or bomb delivers a fuel (explosive) substance to the target and sprays there. After 100-150 ms, the detonation of the aerosol cloud is made. It is important that at this moment the cloud of BB filled the greatest space, while maintaining the desired concentration.
As a sprayed combustible substance: ethylene or propylene oxide, metal powders, a mixture of marr. The latter includes methylacetylene, Allen (adapted) and propane. Oxide ethylene or propylene is effective, but poisonous and complex in circulation. For military purposes it is easier to use easy-wing gasoline with the addition of aluminum-magnesium powder.
Advantages of bov:
- large than that of sizanny explosives, the power of the explosion;
- the ability of an aerosol cloud to penetrate;
- with the power comparable to tactical nuclear ammunition, do not lead to radioactive infection.
The disadvantages include:
- unstability of an aerosol cloud in unfavorable weather conditions;
- the presence of the sole agrowing factor - shock wave;
- small efficiency against fortifications;
- restriction on the mass of explosives. For the required ammunition efficiency, it must be no less than 20 kg.
These features will not allow bov to replace traditional ammunition.
Its use is appropriate against the living force of the enemy in fortifications, natural shelters or urban conditions.
Termobaric ammunition
Along with BOV, the thermobaric ammunition (TBB) is widely known. With the same effect of oxidation in air, the principle of operation of such an ammunition differs from bov.
Due to the undermining of the central discontinuous charge, the thermobaric mixture is detonation. The resulting explosive wave provides fast mixing with air and combustion of thermobaric composition. The TBB uses a mixture based on nitroesters and aluminum powder.
The solid variant of the mixture is A-3 (65% hexogen, 5% wax and 30% aluminum powder).
Advantages of TBB in front of volumetric:
- no restrictions on the mass of explosives. This made it possible to create fire facilities for armament of individual servicemen;
- insensitivity to atmospheric phenomena.
Under TBB, several weapon samples have been developed. The most common of them:
- jet infantry flamethrower "Bumblebee";
- shots for RPG-7;
- grenades for a grenade launcher.
At the same time, work continues on the creation of thermobaric ammunition of high power.
History of creation and application
The first attempt to use the effect of the bulk explosion was the black fog project. In 1944 engineers nazi Germany intended to create bov in the interests of air defense. It was planned on the way of an enemy aircraft to form an aerosol cloud. His staging and detonation should have been performed by JU-88 Junkers. However, it would take much more cars for this, what was to be destroyed. Until the end of the war, the project failed to implement.
Further development was the idea of \u200b\u200ba volume explosion in the USA. At the beginning of the 70s, the first-generation bov was developed - a 500-pound CBU-55 cassette airbab. This ammunition was used with a multipurpose helicopter.
Second-generation bovs were represented by 500-pound BLU-95 and BLU-96 caliber 2,000 pounds.
The latter was able to cause severe damage to the ship within a radius to 130 m.
Such avia bombs were used during Vietnamese war. With their help american aviation solved the tasks:
- clearing places for landing helicopters;
- the destruction of the enemy in shelters;
- putting the passages in mine harvesters.
Similar developments were conducted in the USSR. As a result, the bomb of ODAB-500P was created. In Afghanistan, it was an effective remedy against dresses that took place in the mountains. To reduce the dispersion of the aerosol cloud, they were used in conjunction with smoke bombs in a ratio of 3: 1.
In 1999, the air bombing bomb was applied against the Chechen militants, accustomed in the Dagestan Aule Tando. In addition to big losses, the enemy received a huge psychological damage.
Our answer "partners"
In 2003, tests were tested in the United States heavy duty air bombs GBU-43 / B Massive Ordnance Air Blast Bomb (Moab). The power of its explosion was 11 tons in T-natal equivalent. Of the non-nuclear ammunition at that time there was no equal. Thanks to this, she received the nickname "Mother of all bombs" (Moab - Mother of All Bombs).
In the bomb used GH-6 - a mixture of trotyl, hexogen and aluminum powder. It should be noted that the "mother of all bombs" turned out to be an ammunition of a non-volume explosion, but a fugasal.
The "asymmetric" response to the Americans was introduced in 2007 in the form of a 7-ton thermobaric air bomb.
Trotil equivalent of its power quadruplely exceeds the American figure. Accurate information about the new bomb is not available.
The estimated effect - from the complete destruction of fortifications within a radius to 100 m to the destruction of buildings at a distance of up to 450 m. The Russian bomb The journalists were rightfully dubbed "dad of all bombs".
Tactical and technical data of the most powerful air bombs
| Aviabomb | GBU-43 / B | (AVBPM) |
|---|---|---|
| Belonging | USA | Russia |
| Test year | 2003 | 2007 |
| Length, M. | 10 | n.D. |
| Diameter, M. | 1 | n.D. |
| Mass, T. - General - explosive | 9,5 8,4 | 7 N.D. |
| TROTIL EQUALTER, T | 11 | 44 |
| Radius of guaranteed lesion, m | 140 | 400 |
From the table, a four-time superiority is visible at a thickness of a total mass.
Obviously, this could be achieved through the use of thermobaric explosives.
Conclusion
The ammunition of the volume explosion did not become a "miracle weapon". They did not provide their owners of decisive superiority over the enemy. At the same time, their features allowed to occupy a corresponding niche in military affairs.
BOV are not able to destroy the multi-meter walls of the concrete bunker or rock. But they will repent of all who covered there. BOV are quite effective if necessary to do passes in mineral fields. Successfully applied to clearing sites in woodland.
It is possible that a tactical nuclear weapon will be successfully replaced in the prospect of bov.
Video
Russia successfully passed the tests of the most powerful non-nuclear bomb on Earth. With a smaller weight, it is 20 times greater than the "strong" American bomb.
Spring-detonating or vacuum bomb - all this different names The same weapon.
After spectacular and spectacular testing of the new Russian air bible of this type from the Tu-160 bombarder, interest in such weapons is greatly heated.
What is this bomb and is it really able to become a grave nuclear warheads? Or is it another step of mankind on the way to create more environmentally friendly, but barbaric in its essence weapons?
Miracle bomb
Paradox: Humanity suffered from vacuum bombs over the century to their invention. And even before understanding the processes of the surround explosion. For unknown contemporaries, the reasons were exploded, they flew over the air sawmills, flour mills, sugar factories.
After all, what is a bulk explosion? A mixture of an aerosol cloud of natural gases and other hydrocarbons: flour, coal dust, sugar with oxygen - this is ready to use a bomb. Quite a detonator in the form of a spark or torch - and an explosion.
Due to the ability to create a heavy duty blast wave and burn oxygen on large squares To a state close to vacuum, and the name of the bomb. She was declared by UN experts "inhentic means of warping war, causing excessive suffering." A man in the area of \u200b\u200bthe explosion of such a bomb receives monstrous injuries. But another paradox is that vacuum bombs against the regular army soldiers almost did not use.
In Vietnam, American pilots and helicopters called them Fuel Air Explosive and bombed them mostly jungle. The explosion created an acceptable planting platform. More from these bombs and did not need - the existing classical types of ammunition completely coped with their tasks.
If you need to shoot a tank, for this you need a cumulative projectile. Vacuum bomb of such an effect is deprived. Infantry is familiar to the infantry fragantive fugasic shells. Shards, this bomb also almost did not give.
It can not shoot underwater boatsShe easily may not explode during the rain, in the heat or, let's say, on the mountain range in the winds.
In war as in war
And what then this bomb can, except to throw trees and undermine mines? The most valuable, from the point of view of the generals, is its quality: the aerosol in front of the undermined can be counted into the cave, in the trench and anywhere. Up to the hatch tank, if, of course, not to close it. The hatches in battle tankers were not covered because of fear of the cumulative shell. But where did the tank in know that in his tank, the cumulative projectile or a vacuum bomb arrives? And then the military learned to bypass weak sides Vacuum bombs. For example, in Afghanistan with SU-25 attack aircraft, our detonating bombs ODAB-500P weighing in halfnone were discharged. Beyond goals in the valleys. And in the mountains where the aerosol cloud quickly dissipated, these bombs were used together with banal smoke bombs. As pilots remember, thick smoke did not give an aerosol to dissipate quickly. Combination: on six vacuum two smoke bombs. The effect is terrible.
Secrets of our town
Today there are only two comparable bombs: the American "mother of all bombs" and the Russian "father of all bombs mentioned".
Everything is known about the American. Created by the constructor Albert Wimorts, collect such bombs in the macalister. She has three names: GBU-43 / B military cipher, official name "Massive Ordnance Air Blast", well, purely journalistic - "Momash". Length - 10 m, diameter - 1 m. Of 9.5 tons of its mass of 8.5 tons is explosives. In 2003, the US Air Force held two bomb tests at the landfill in Florida, after which the only bomb was sent to Iraq, but never exploded. Did not find a suitable goal.
Our also has many names: already four more. This is a tradition: an ammunition in the KB is first assigned to the cipher, and after taking adoption of two more military designations: secret and unbearable. True, while all three were classified. Why is it unclear. One, unofficial - "Father" remains.
Well, okay, "dad" so "dad".
Who is cooler? Our bomb per ton is easier, but it is four times more radius of guaranteed defeat. That is, with a weight of explosives at 7.1 tons, the TNT equivalent of the explosion is 44 tons. The temperature in the epicenter of the explosion is twice the above, and on the area of \u200b\u200bthe defeat "Dad" surpasses "Mom" at 20 times. It seems to be victory for us. But there is one nuance: American "Momash" - a bomb, if you can put it, semi-quachous. It is intended to destroy underground bunkers, and "blow up the land" the bulk explosion is unable, for this you need a classic explosive. She "Momashka" including nabe.
Ours, judging by the shown personnel of the test, wishes the sacuent on the land. The explosive explosion, that is, it is unlikely to cause the underground bunker. But for bunkers we have other bombs.
Who is stronger?
Our "dad"
Pros: Full weapons for the battle not only with terrorists, but also with a regular army (carriers - strategic bombers Tu-95 and Tu-160). Higher characteristics.
Cons: a bomb can not be called high-precision weapons. Basically, due to the lack of an effective national satellite system.
Their "Mom"
Cons: The main carrier is the old military-transport "Hercules". Can only be applied where the enemy has no air defense. Simply put, against partisans.
Pluses: Wrongs with satellite navigation, the most powerful psychological weapon: the explosion resembles a nuclear mushroom. In the future, the Pentagon plans to arm this bomb and the Bomber B-2 "Stealth".
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