There are many records in the world. As sports: who will jump the highest or run the fastest. So also physical: who is taller, who has longer arms, legs. But not only people and animals set records. The weather also loves to set them. Not only the highest wave, the deadliest hurricane.
Records in the weather, namely in temperature, are no less interesting. It is customary to distinguish the lowest and highest temperature, and the average annual lowest and highest. It is difficult to choose certain leaders in these indicators, as well as to make a rating. This is due to the fact that the Earth can be divided into several sectors. And the habitually low temperature in one sector will never be noticed in another, with a warmer (tropical) climate.
Measured according to the internationally recognized Celsius scale. It is impossible to say exactly what the lowest temperature has ever been on Earth, since it was only in the twentieth century that this began to be closely monitored and recorded.
Antarctica - Fuji Dome, -91.2 degrees
Information also appeared that in 2004, on August 3, a new world temperature record was recorded in the area of the Japanese Arctic station "Dome Fuji" - -91,2 ... One of the reasons for setting a new temperature minimum is the fact that the Kupol is located at an altitude of 3786 meters above the waterline. It should also be noted that the average annual temperature in Antarctica is -60.2. This indicator rightfully reserves the title of the coldest place on Earth for Antarctica.
Antarctica is the leader in the temperature minimum. It is a continent that is higher than others above sea level. It is completely covered with ice and has no vegetation. There are no temperature conditions above zero. Considering all the climatic features of Antarctica, it is worth noting that it rightfully belongs to the well-deserved title of the coldest place in the world. Antarctica does not belong to anyone. All the results on its temperature indicators were provided by the stations located on its territory. Antarctica is called the South Pole of Cold. The pole of cold is usually called the place marked by the coldest temperature.
The lowest officially confirmed temperature in Antarctica was recorded by the Russian Vostok station. The thermometer went down that time up to -89.2... The record was recorded in 1983 on July 21. This was done at 3420 meters above sea level.
Asia - Verkhoyansk, temperature -67.8 degrees
In 1855, a temperature of about -67.8 degrees was recorded in this eastern part of Siberia. Officially, there is a dispute, but the majority insists on giving the title of the Pole of Cold to Verkhoyansk. There is undocumented information in favor of Oymyakon that in 1924 a lower temperature was recorded in the settlement, which amounted to -71.2 degrees Celsius. And in 1938 - -77.8 degrees Celsius.
The dispute about a colder climate is still ongoing. An interesting fact is that Oymyakon claims to be both the North Pole of Cold and the world one. This is explained by the fact that the difference in location above sea level with the Arctic station "Vostok" is taken into account. Therefore, Oymyakon has the right to be called the world pole of cold. Representatives of the settlement believe that it is necessary to distribute this title, taking into account not only the temperature, but also the location. The Vostok station is located at an altitude of 3420 meters. Whereas Oymyakon is located at 741 meters.
In Oymyakon, the temperature once dropped up to -67.7 degrees It is worth noting that it is impossible to compete with Antarctica with the lowest temperature indicators. But each continent has its own temperature records, which are not much inferior to the South Pole of Cold. There is such a competitor in Asia, in Russia. In the world it is called the North Pole of Cold - Oymyakon. This place is 741 meters above the waterline.
Some believe that Oymyakon is the harshest sub-zero place with a permanent population. -67.7 - with this indicator, Oymyakon is considered to be the North Pole of Cold. The main problem is that not only Oymyakon is claiming the honorary title of the Pole of Cold. There is a lot of controversy on this topic. And many scientists consider Verkhoyansk to be the coldest point in Asia and the northern part of the hemisphere.
Europe-Ust-Shchugor, temperature -58.1 degrees
The lowest temperature was once again noted in Russia, but already in its European part of Siberia. Ust-Shchugor is a small village on the territory of the Komi Republic. It is known only for its temperature records. -58.1 - it was with this indicator that this settlement was able to establish the lowest temperature in Europe. This was done on New Year's Eve, December 31, 1978.
North America - Northyes, temperature -66.1 degrees
The culmination of the celebration was the Greenlandic Nortyce in 1954, January 9. He came to the ranking of the lowest temperatures with a personal record of -66.1 degrees Celsius. 2345 meters above the waterline (Greenland ice sheet) - it is at this altitude that the record holder of North America among temperatures below zero is located.
South America - Valle de los Patos Superior, temperature -39 degrees
Hot and strange Argentina pleased us with the cold. This happened in Valle de los Patos Superior, where the temperature dropped in 1972. The temperature reached -39 on July 17. As in previous cases, the height of the location - 2880 meters above sea level played an important role.
Australia - Charlotte Pass, temperature -23 degrees
The southern continent, at first glance so hot, has its own snowy side. Charlotte Pass is the coldest zone in Australia. Where in the winter months the temperature can very well be below freezing. 1755 meters above sea level played a role. And they gave a record for Australia at -23 degrees. That at first glance may not seem so cold. But only if you are not used to celebrating the New Year on the beach and in a swimsuit. Here is the only and unique ski resort in Australia.
Africa - Ifrane, temperature -23.9 degrees
Last but not least. Even in Africa it gets cold - Ifrane, Morocco. In 1935, the city pleased with the temperature -23.9 degrees... Subsequently, due to the unusually cold climate for Africa, it was made a ski resort.
The weather is changing again and here's a look at some of the insanely cold places where people actually live.
The lowest recorded on record was minus 128.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-89.2 ° C) at the Russian research station in Antarctica, Vostok, on July 21, 1983. And while most cities are not so terribly cold, some are still quite close to this mark. Below are the eight coldest cities in the world where people live.
1) Verkhoyansk, Russia
According to the 2002 census, there are 1,434 inhabitants in Verkhoyansk, Russia. It was founded as a fortress in 1638 and served as a regional center for livestock and gold mining. Located 650 kilometers from Yakutsk, another coldest place on our list, and 2,400 kilometers south of the North Pole, Verkhoyansk was used for political prisoners between 1860 and the beginning of the 20th century.
It’s not surprising why the undesirables were exiled here: in January, the average temperature is minus 50.4 degrees Fahrenheit (-45.7 ° C), and the average monthly temperature remains fairly low from October to April. In 1892, residents recorded temperatures of minus 90 degrees F (-67.7 ° C).
2) Oymyakon, Russia
People in Oymyakon object to the fact that Verkhoyansk was given the title of the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere, arguing that they recorded a temperature minimum of minus 90 degrees F (-67.7 ° C) on February 6, 1933.
By the way, political prisoners were also often exiled here during the Stalinist regime. Oymyakon is a three-day drive from Yakutsk, with a population of 500 to 800 people. Mobile communication does not work here, and in general there is little of modern amenities, and schools in the village do not close at -52 ° C. Travel companies offer tours to Oymyakon as an "ideal destination" for an exotic adventure.
3) International Falls, Minnesota.
International Falls, Minnesota may not be as cold as Oymyakon, but it is one of the coldest places in the continental United States. About 6,703 people live in International Falls (2000 census), which lies on the border between the United States and Canada.
Winters are long and cold here, with average temperatures in January around 2.7 F (-16.2 ° C). The mercury column will reach zero more than 60 nights a year, and the area receives a lot of snow (166 cm). International Falls is at war with the city of Fraser, Colorado over the trade name "refrigerator nation".
4) Fraser, Colorado.
Fraser, Colorado, is located 2,600 meters in the Colorado Rockies and is home to 910 residents (2000 census). Located near the popular ski resort of Winter Park, Fraser enjoys some of the coldest winters in the continental United States. The average annual temperature during the year reaches 32.5 degrees Fahrenheit (almost 0 ° C), and in summer it drops to 29 degrees (-1.66 ° C).
5) Yakutsk, Russia
Yakutsk has a reputation as the coldest city in the world. The world's lowest temperature outside Antarctica was recorded near Yakutsk in the Yana River basin. In winter, the average minimum drops below -40 ° C, starting in October and continuing until the end of April. In January, the average temperature reaches -34 degrees Fahrenheit (-36.6 ° C); the record low temperature recorded in January is minus 81.4 degrees Fahrenheit (-63 ° C).
6) Hell, Norway
Hell, which means "hell" in translation, has become famous in Norway for the very successful combination of its name and subarctic temperature. The average temperature in February 2010 was around 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-6.6 ° C). In recent years, the flow of tourists to this city has increased significantly, mainly to take pictures in front of one of the railway station signs.
Hell freezes, on average, for a third of the year, from December to March.
7) Barrow, Alaska
Barrow is the northernmost city in the United States and is located just 2,100 kilometers south of the North Pole and 510 kilometers north of the Arctic Circle. The small town of 4,581 people was built in an area of permafrost characterized by no periodic thawing and very harsh winters.
The sun sets at the end of November and does not appear until the end of January. Even during summer days, the air is very cold. The average temperature does not rise until June and even then hardly - on average, July has a maximum of 40.4 degrees Fahrenheit (4.6 ° C).
Barrow is the economic center of the North Slope and many of its inhabitants work in the energy industry. The city can only be reached by plane or by sea.
8) Snage, Canada
Located in the Yukon Territory, Snage Village was the first settlement in the Klondike during the gold rush. A village in the White River Valley recorded its coldest temperature of minus 81 degrees Fahrenheit (-62.8 ° C) on February 3, 1947. This is the lowest recorded temperature in continental North America. Average temperatures in Snage range between 10.3 ° F (-12.05 ° C) and 34.3 ° F (1.2 ° C).
What about the weather? And in + 50 ° C and -50 ° C, and even in a larger range, in principle, you can live. Air conditioners, fans and jackets will help us with this. Well, someone, of course, will die and nothing can be done about it, because we do not live in a terrarium.
What is the lowest air temperature recorded on Earth?
The lowest air temperature on Earth was recorded at the Soviet Antarctic station "Vostok" on July 21, 1983, when a platinum thermometer on the meteorological site showed -89.2 ° C. This is the lowest temperature in the history of meteorological observations.
The lowest temperature recorded in our country is -78 ° C. Incredible frost took place in the upper reaches of the Indigirka River.
The lowest air temperature in the inhabited areas of the planet was recorded in 1964 in Yakutia in the village of Oymyakon - -71.1 ° C. The entire interfluve of the upper reaches of the Yana and Indigirka rivers is considered to be the area of the cold pole of the Northern Hemisphere.
What is the warmest air temperature recorded on Earth?
The highest temperature on Earth recorded in Libya in 1922 is + 57.8 ° C.
The highest soil temperature was recorded at the Shurchi station in Uzbekistan. The temperature of irrigated light gray soils here reaches 79 ° C. At the Repetek station in Turkmenistan, the sand is heated to 77 ° C.
What is the maximum outdoor temperature a person can withstand?
For a short time, a person can be in dry air at very high temperatures. A person can tolerate a temperature of 160 ° C. This was proved by the British physicists Blagden and Chantry, who conducted an experiment on themselves. A person can tolerate a temperature of 104 ° C for 26 minutes, 93 ° C for 33 minutes, 82 ° C for 49 minutes, and 71 ° C for 1 hour; it was established in the course of experiments with healthy human volunteers.
What is the minimum outside temperature that a person can withstand?
It depends on the state of his health and clothes, but most importantly - on the speed of the wind. In Yakutia in winter, people spend hours in the cold, with air temperatures below -50 ° C, but they are suitably dressed, and calmness is usually observed in the central part of the Siberian anticyclone. In Antarctica, winterers of continental stations also have to be outdoors for quite a long time, but there severe frosts are often accompanied by strong winds. Therefore, warm, windproof clothing is not enough there, and people are forced to wear a mask or cover their face with a hood of a fur jacket (“parkas”). The personnel of scientific stations in the Arctic and Antarctic, by the nature of their occupation, are forced to be systematically in the open air, sometimes wears electrically heated clothing, which is lighter than ordinary warm clothing, and is less bulky, less restricting movement. The minimum temperature at which people have been in the air for a short time is -88 ° C.
And two more facts
The maximum temperature of solid objects with which people can contact for a long time is about 50 degrees Celsius (at a higher temperature, a burn occurs).
At a constant body temperature of more than 42 ° C, a person dies.
The weather is changing again and here's a look at some of the insanely cold places where people actually live.
The lowest recorded on record was minus 128.6 degrees Fahrenheit (-89.2 ° C) at the Russian research station in Antarctica, Vostok, on July 21, 1983. And while most cities are not so terribly cold, some are still quite close to this mark. Below are the eight coldest cities in the world where people live.
1) Verkhoyansk, Russia
According to the 2002 census, there are 1,434 inhabitants in Verkhoyansk, Russia. It was founded as a fortress in 1638 and served as a regional center for livestock and gold mining. Located 650 kilometers from Yakutsk, another coldest place on our list, and 2,400 kilometers south of the North Pole, Verkhoyansk was used for political prisoners between 1860 and the beginning of the 20th century.
It’s not surprising why the undesirables were exiled here: in January, the average temperature is minus 50.4 degrees Fahrenheit (-45.7 ° C), and the average monthly temperature remains fairly low from October to April. In 1892, residents recorded temperatures of minus 90 degrees F (-67.7 ° C).
2) Oymyakon, Russia
People in Oymyakon object to the fact that Verkhoyansk was given the title of the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere, arguing that they recorded a temperature minimum of minus 90 degrees F (-67.7 ° C) on February 6, 1933.
By the way, political prisoners were also often exiled here during the Stalinist regime. Oymyakon is a three-day drive from Yakutsk, with a population of 500 to 800 people. Mobile communication does not work here, and in general there is little of modern amenities, and schools in the village do not close at -52 ° C. Travel companies offer tours to Oymyakon as an "ideal destination" for an exotic adventure.
3) International Falls, Minnesota.
International Falls, Minnesota may not be as cold as Oymyakon, but it is one of the coldest places in the continental United States. About 6,703 people live in International Falls (2000 census), which lies on the border between the United States and Canada.
Winters are long and cold here, with average temperatures in January around 2.7 F (-16.2 ° C). The mercury column will reach zero more than 60 nights a year, and the area receives a lot of snow (166 cm). International Falls is at war with the city of Fraser, Colorado over the trade name "refrigerator nation".
4) Fraser, Colorado.
Fraser, Colorado, is located 2,600 meters in the Colorado Rockies and is home to 910 residents (2000 census). Located near the popular ski resort of Winter Park, Fraser enjoys some of the coldest winters in the continental United States. The average annual temperature during the year reaches 32.5 degrees Fahrenheit (almost 0 ° C), and in summer it drops to 29 degrees (-1.66 ° C).
5) Yakutsk, Russia
Yakutsk has a reputation as the coldest city in the world. The world's lowest temperature outside Antarctica was recorded near Yakutsk in the Yana River basin. In winter, the average minimum drops below -40 ° C, starting in October and continuing until the end of April. In January, the average temperature reaches -34 degrees Fahrenheit (-36.6 ° C); the record low temperature recorded in January is minus 81.4 degrees Fahrenheit (-63 ° C).
6) Hell, Norway
Hell, which means "hell" in translation, has become famous in Norway for the very successful combination of its name and subarctic temperature. The average temperature in February 2010 was around 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-6.6 ° C). In recent years, the flow of tourists to this city has increased significantly, mainly to take pictures in front of one of the railway station signs.
Hell freezes, on average, for a third of the year, from December to March.
7) Barrow, Alaska
Barrow is the northernmost city in the United States and is located just 2,100 kilometers south of the North Pole and 510 kilometers north of the Arctic Circle. The small town of 4,581 people was built in an area of permafrost characterized by no periodic thawing and very harsh winters.
The sun sets at the end of November and does not appear until the end of January. Even during summer days, the air is very cold. The average temperature does not rise until June and even then hardly - on average, July has a maximum of 40.4 degrees Fahrenheit (4.6 ° C).
Barrow is the economic center of the North Slope and many of its inhabitants work in the energy industry. The city can only be reached by plane or by sea.
8) Snage, Canada
Located in the Yukon Territory, Snage Village was the first settlement in the Klondike during the gold rush. A village in the White River Valley recorded its coldest temperature of minus 81 degrees Fahrenheit (-62.8 ° C) on February 3, 1947. This is the lowest recorded temperature in continental North America. Average temperatures in Snage range between 10.3 ° F (-12.05 ° C) and 34.3 ° F (1.2 ° C).
Temperatures vary. And high degrees are not only in some place on Earth, but also in a specific person or in a specific device.
Experts say that the highest average annual temperature recorded for six years (from 1960 to 1966) was recorded in Ethiopian Dallol. Then the thermometers showed plus 34.4 degrees Celsius. The Dallol volcanic crater, however, is known for the fact that almost all year round the air temperature is kept at the same level, about plus 34 degrees. The crater is located 48 meters below sea level, its diameter reaches almost one and a half meters. This place has another name - "the gates of hell". It is rather difficult to stay here for a long time. However, there are indigenous people here. The local tribesa people are distinguished by their laconic and aggressive nature.
But in the American Death Valley for 43 days in a row (this is from July 6 to August 17, 1917) the air warmed up to plus 48.9 degrees Celsius.
Death Valley
In Western Australia, namely in Marble Bar, the average temperature was above plus 32.2 degrees Celsius. And it lasted exactly 162 days in a row from October 30, 1923 until April 8, 1924. At the same time, the maximum temperature was plus 48.9 degrees Celsius.
The highest temperature on Earth, plus 58 degrees (and this is in the shade!), Is recorded in the Libyan place of El-Aziziya. It is located 11 meters above sea level. The record was recorded on September 13, 1922. On the same day in Saudi Arabia, thermometers showed plus 58.4 degrees. The difference in readings is not so significant, it can be compared with the measurement error. Therefore, two places are considered the hottest in the world, that is, they have the highest temperature.
Dinner without fire
Already in the new century, records continued. In the Libyan desert Dashti-Lut in 2005, experts noted that the thermometers showed plus 70 degrees Celsius. To date, this is the highest temperature that could be recorded in the natural environment.
In such weather, a person can safely cook food without using fire. At plus 70, objects get so hot under the sun that, for example, a car's hood turns into a heated frying pan. And on it you can easily cook yourself first-class scrambled eggs. However, in such heat on the ground it is impossible to walk barefoot. In the shade, the air warms up to plus 60 degrees.
And even in spite of such sultry weather, tourist streams constantly rush to the Dashti-Lut desert. This place, in addition to its record temperature, is famous for its high dunes. They can reach half a kilometer in height.
Hot stars
It turns out that the stars are also blazing with heat. The temperature of matter in their depths is measured in millions of Kelvin. And the energy of almost all luminaries is released after thermonuclear reactions of converting hydrogen into helium. The process takes place in internal areas at high temperatures. In the depths of stars, the temperature can reach 10-12 million degrees Kelvin.
Artificial temperature
Well, the highest temperature that a person could create is about 10 trillion degrees Kelvin. For comparison, such a heat was, according to assumptions, during the creation of the universe. A record degree was obtained in 2010 at the Large Hadron Collider in the collision of lead ions, which were accelerated to near-light speeds.
However, this is not the only record artificial temperature in the world. American physicists have managed to reach tremendous temperatures in laboratory conditions since the beginning of the Universe. This is done by a collision of gold ions at Brookhaven National Laboratory. During the experiment, a collision of gold ions was carried out in the collider. Scientists have obtained a quark-gluon plasma (after the Big Bang, the universe consisted of a similar quark-gluon plasma for a few microseconds) with a temperature of about 4 trillion degrees Celsius. It only lasted a few milliseconds. But this time was enough to obtain data for research for several years.
For comparison, the core temperature of the Sun is 50 million degrees, and the temperature of a neutron star, which formed after a type 2 supernova explosion, is about 100 billion degrees Celsius. It turns out that the resulting substance has a temperature tens of thousands of times higher.
These studies, scientists say, make it possible to understand the processes that took place at an early stage in the development of space. And as a result, physicists plan to come closer to understanding why matter appeared from a homogeneous primordial mass.
Theoretically, the highest temperature is the Planck temperature. Above it, the temperature simply cannot exist, since everything will be converted into energy. Record Planck temperature is approximately equal to 1.41679 (11) × 1032 K (this is approximately 142 nonillion Kelvin).
The Large Hadron Collider
Previously, the highest temperature in the world was considered to be 520 million degrees Celsius. This is 30 times higher than the temperature at the center of the Sun. This figure was obtained on May 27, 1994 at the Princeton Laboratory of Plasma Physics in the experimental Tokamak reactor.
A man and a cat ...
The highest temperature recorded in humans is 46.5 degrees Celsius. In theory, this kind of fever results in lethal outcome... However, a 52-year-old man with this thermometer reading was cured. This was done by the doctors at the American Grady Memorial Hospital, Georgia. The record was recorded in the summer of 1980 and was entered in the Guinness Book of Records. After a 24-day course of treatment, the man was discharged from the hospital. Theoretically, a temperature of 42 ° C - 43 ° C is fatal for humans, since it is at this temperature that proteins are folded and metabolism in the brain tissues is disrupted.
In animals, the normal body temperature exceeds the usual human 36.6 degrees. And among the record holders for thermometer readings there is a chicken. Her body temperature can rise up to 42 degrees. The body temperature of the lizard is much higher. In the sun, it is 50-60 degrees. And this despite the fact that experts classify lizards as cold-blooded. Well, the most warm-blooded are birds. For their body, the norm is 42 degrees. The need for high temperature can be explained quite simply - flight requires high metabolic efficiency from birds.
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