Ant one of the smallest inhabitants of our planet, but also the most numerous insects in the huge family. Today, more than 12 thousand species of these shock and amazing creatures are known for the zoological science.
Consider the largest representatives of the Famine family, and at the end of the review, we will be presented by the largest ant in the world.
Formicium.
Let's start a review from the fossil type, which inhabited the planet more than 30 million years ago, and is the ancient ancestor of all ants.
The individuals of this species were truly giant sizes compared to their modern brethren, because females grew to 7 centimeters in length. The wingspan reached 15 centimeters.
Today, the form is completely extinct, and described it in 1854, and allocated to a separate family of fossil insects. Found only a few prints of this species, and as we see in the photo, the female size from the hummingbird.
Nothomyrmecia macross
But this is the only one of the living fossil ants inhabiting in the southern regions of Australia. Dinosaur peers grows from 0.9 to 1.2 millimeters.
For the first time was discovered and described with zoologists in 1934, and the second time a person met with dinosaur ant only in 1977.
The way of life in hard-to-reach places for a person does not allow to fully explore the habits of this most ancient from the family family, and an amazing instance of wildlife.
Camponotus Gigas.
This type of major ants live in Asia and belongs to the subfaming of the most advanced in the evolutionary plan, called formycin.
Adults grow up to 2.9 centimeters, but the uterus of these ants grows to 3.1 centimeters. They can be found in the tropical, wet forests of Malaysia, Indonesia, on Thailand.
Hunt at night with small bands up to 10 ants. You can distinguish them on coloring. The shoulder is black with a reddish back, but the paws are brighter, almost yellow.
Camponotus Vagus.
To meet this absolutely black-color ant-tree-eyed in the forests of Europe and in the northern regions of Asia. Workers are grown up to 1.5 centimeters, but soldiers and uterine are larger - up to 20 millimeters.
These ants are performed in the trunks of trees intricate moves, and can bring harm to the auction when working out wood. Hunt for a single way, although you prefer to cope with TLEY.
In some regions of Russia, namely in Vladimir, the Vologda regions are listed in the Red Book.
Camponotus Herculeanus.
Because of the red breast on the whole black body of these ants, they also refer to Krasnogrudochnych. Grow up to 15 millimeters, but females, soldiers and uterus are much more - 2 centimeters.
In the Fauna of Russia, this is the largest ant, which makes nests or in the soil, or in the trunks of dead trees. From the characteristics of the lifestyle, we note that after the marriage period, the males die, and female, eliminating their wings, creates a new family, although such a type of behavior is quite ordinary for many species of ant.
In the Tambov region introduced into the Red Book and is protected by local environmental laws.
Paraponera clavata.
A large tropical ant chosen for habitat of tropical forests of central and Latin America. They can be found in Nicaragua, but the most southern habitat area is some regions of Peru.
Predatory ants grow from 18 to 25 millimeters and possess sharp sting. The bite of this species is very painful, moreover, the poison released into the body can cause allergies.
Some Indian tribes use them in the rite of initiation, voluntarily allowing ants to bite their body.
Dinoponera.
Even the name of this species is translated from ancient Greek as "terrible". And indeed he acts the largest in the subfamily of Ponerins.
The dimensions are truly impressive, from 2 to 3 centimeters. This species and uterus have the largest and most common individuals. Dwells in savanna and rainforests, hunting on other insects, amphibians, as well as small fish and waterfowl.
When bite releases a large number of poison, which paralyzes the victim, so it is better to avoid meeting him. The bite is very painful and causes an unpleasant feeling.
Anti-bulldogs
Large ants, and besides the most dangerous, live in Australia. This kind of primitive insects in the bite of a person causes long-term pain and allegorical reactions.
Adults grow up to 4 centimeters, and the uterus have 4.5 centimeters body length. There are huge jaws on the head, having a growing look, and gave the general name of the species of ants.
In addition to the jaws, there is a sting that anti-bulldogs and hunt, inlet in the body of victims of the poison. Another feature is that, unlike its relatives on other continents, these can also jump.
You can look at the video below as an ant-bulldog straightens with an ax.
Dorylus.
This species is the largest, and these ants are wound along the expanses of Africa, and grow up to 5 centimeters. Although it is necessary to admit that the average body size from 4 to 4.4 centimeters.
The anthill lives to 22 million individuals, and in the rains of the rains, their army moves in search of food. An amazing spectacle when you meet such a huge cloud of migratory insects.
Local tribes even use the jaws of these insects to sew the edges of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
At the end, let's notify that many presented views in some countries of the world are widely used in the preparation of dishes and seasonings. So in Mexico in the preparation of the national dish "Escamoles" uses Liometopopum larvae. But these ants themselves are sold as caviar for $ 90 per kilogram.
In the photo: Mexican national dish of larvae Muravyov
And in the countries of Latin America, the largest individuals catch, then fry and eat.
And finally, the last fact is that ants are among the most highly developed inhabitants of the Earth, and their hardworking and self-sacrifice for the colony can only cause respect.
thebiggest.ru.
The biggest ants, the biggest anthill
Ants are one of the most numerous insects on the planet. In total, they are more than 12,000 species, among which the real giants in the world of insects come across. Their size is truly striking, because most accustomed to consider them rather small bugs. In this article we will describe the biggest ants who are known to man.
- Camponotus Gigas;
- Camponotus Vagus;
- Camponotus Herculeanus;
- Paraponera clavata;
- Dinoponera;
- Ant-bulldog.
These species are rightfully considered among the most gigantic. They really should be stopped in a little more detail, especially since their lifestyle, habits and some more features do not fit in any way in the usual idea of \u200b\u200bthe life of ants.
Camponotus Gigas.
Perhaps this is one of the most largest ants. The works of this species reaches 22 mm, the soldiers are 28 mm, and the uterus is 31 mm. The weight of large soldiers is sometimes 2 times the weight of the rest of the family, except the uterus. These ants in Asia (Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia) live.
Body of black with yellowish legs, back - red-brown. In one family can be from 6 to 8 thousand individuals. Their nests are whole underground systems from the moves and tunnels connected by chambers (only 8-14 cameras can be counted. The total area of \u200b\u200bsuch underground "communication" sometimes reaches almost a whole hectare.
Feed Camponotus Gigas step, fruits, seeds, insects and birds excrement.
Active at night, the hunt is emerged collectively, a group of up to 10 individuals. The day of the Camponotus Gigas is occupied by "home-made" affairs on the device of an anthill and the "education" of the younger generation.
This species is characterized by the battle for the territory, and it can last it all night. The ants are fiercely beat each other by antennas, but the battle is not conducted to death: the loser side is simply recognized as weak and forced to move.
Camponotus Vagus.
This species dwells in North Asia, Western Siberia, in the Urals, in South and Central Europe. Light love, so they will settle on open sandy areas, well-lit forest edges, so that they are considered to be forest ants.
The body color of these ants is dark gray or black, shiny. Rare hairs are noticeable at the rear of the body. Their size ranges from 6 to 12 mm, females - from 14 to 16 mm.
The nest at Camponotus Vagus organizes one uterus, which after fertilization is looking for a place for the future anthill under the stones, in drowned stumps, dried trees. The family is usually numerous, from 4 to 10 thousand individuals.
Camponotus Herculeanus.
Another representatives of major ant species. Workers are achieved 15 mm, males - 9-11 mm, females, soldiers and uterus - 20 mm.
These are also forest ants with black head and abdomen, red chest (hence the second name - Krasnogruda ants-tree).
Food in the forests of Europe, North Asia, North America, Siberia. The nests build or soil (rarely), or in patients or dead conifers, spending numerous moves right in the trunks, therefore, often becoming pests of harvested wood. Living trees, as a rule, are not a suitable object for the Camponotus Herculeanus socket.
One family can have several nests in different trees. "Message" between them is debugged due to the underground stroke from one obsolete tree to another. Each nest is carefully guarded by soldiers: they are "plugged" with their big heads with wide foreheads, the entrances and exits into an anthill, missing only members of their family. Organizations and activity - some of their characteristic features of this type of ants.
For the mining of food, one way will come out, however, the taste is preferred collectively: some extracted the Pad, others take it into the nest, they are third protected by the whole process.
After mating, male ants die soon. The females independently bite their wings and immediately begin to create a new family, separate from the previous one (there is a conscious avoidance of related links).
Paraponera clavata.
Paraponera Clavata, he is an ant-bullet, who instivables the real horror of those who at least once came across him personally or enough about him.
This is not only one of the world's largest ants, but also the "owner" of one of the most painful bites among insects. His bite is 30 times stronger than the Using OS and bees, and the pain after the attack lasts a whole day. This is due to a powerful fault of the ant-bullet and a strong poison, which contains a paralyzing substance - powderoxin. The attacked part of the body loses motor abilities, does not have convulsions. Wild pain passes gradually only on the second day (hence the second name of the form is an ant-24 hours). The ant-bullet bite is deadly for allergies.
But it is still impossible to call this type of aggressive: ant-bullet is first not attacking. In case of danger, he first tries to scare the "enemy" formidable hissing and excretion of an unpleasant odor. If it does not help - the sacrifice is to blame itself.
In the South American Indian tribes, there is even a special rite of dedication to boys in men: a mushroom with ants-bullets unfortunate should hold about 10 minutes in bare hands. It is terrible to imagine what pain has to be transferred to the young dedication, and the hands of the hands after such a ritual remain paralyzed for a while.
In the photo, the mushrooms with ants prepare for the rite
Ants are omnivores, feed on small insects or vertebral, both dead and alive. Only major family representatives hunt, small responsible for the breakdown. The larvae is powered by non-adult food (not underwent virtue).
Families are not numerous, about 1000 individuals in one colony. The nests are built underground, between the roots of plants and trees, in half a meter inland. The anthill has only 1 output and 1 input.
Color the same in all family members at any age: black and brown. Dimensions reach 25 mm, females can be slightly larger.
Dinoponera.
These ants live in savannah or dry forests. Large view, body length reaches 2-3 cm.
Predators, eating insects, small amphibians, and even small birds and thrown fish. The ants first capture their victims with powerful jaws (mandibles), after which "in good" is trying to drag into the nest. With resistance, they are allowed to stare, and large prey is literally dismembered, cut, like scissors blades.
Hunt at night, one, and exclusively on the surface of the soil. When meeting with a large creature, which is clearly not suitable for sacrifices due to their sizes, the ant is frightened, freezes and hides, instant in the ground.
The families of this species are very small for ants - only about 90 individuals in the colony, among which only 1-10 females. There are no uterus in the family, a working female is engaged in laying eggs. Having highlighting a special pheromone and smelling it to his mustache, it affects other family members, as if zombing them and subjugate them in everything. But sometimes an impostor appears in the nest, trying to "take the throne", in the same way applying the "hypnotizing" Pheromon. If the deception is revealed, the contender for dominance will have to be disadvantaged: if it does not "take it up in time", they are killed her own relatives.
The bite of this ant for a person is not terrible, the toxicity of poison is small, the pain does not exceed the feelings of the bee bite and passes in 10-15 minutes.
Anti-bulldogs
Their homeland is Australia. This is perhaps not only one of the largest ants, but also one of the most ancient and primitive.
The workshop is about 4 cm in length, the uterus - 4, 5 cm. Itifies black, the body shape somewhat resembles the "figure" of the wasps, but without wings. The huge jaws of the ant, outstanding in half the astimeter, especially attract the look. The jaws are equipped with sharp jar, thanks to the beautiful weapon of Ant-Bulldog.
There is an ant and sting that is quite powerful for a painful bite, just one of which may be fatal for humans (if an acute allergic response with anaphylactic shock is developing, which is in Australia an average of 3%).
Anti-bulldogs are real silomen. They are capable of dragging the cargo, 50 times the mass of their own bodies.
Anti-bulldogs are considered long-livers. They live about 5 years.
Unlike other types of ants, Bulldogs are able to move through jumps, sometimes reaching a half-meter in length (but more often - small jumps of 10-12 cm).
Also, they are good swimmers: a water barrier at 15 cm for them is a very trifle.
Anti-bulldogs can also make loud sounds, which is not typical for other species of ants. The crackling, which published under friction, jar on the junction of the body segments, is sometimes heard louder of cycade drainage.
The nests of ant bulldogs are rooted underground, closer to moisture. One family rarely reaches 1000 individuals, usually only a few hundred. The larvae of their adult bulldogs feed insects (and often attack even on OS and spiders), they also prefer nectars, juices, Pad.
Anti-bulldogs are very aggressive, movable and dangerous. Near the anthill always "exhibited" the guards, with the slightest danger that gives the signal the rest. Having received a signal, dozens of "defenders" run away from the socket. The sacrifice, the victims of these warriors, who was obsessed near the anthill, was doomed to repeated painful bites.
The largest anthills
It would seem that the largest ants should have the biggest anthills. But the magnitude of the nests does not always depends on the size of their inhabitants.
The first thing that affects the magnitude of the nest is the number of its "residents". After all, than them are more, that, respectively, more labor, rapidly building their home for a numerous and ever-growing family. Occasionally there are really gigantic nests - from 1.7 m in height and 3 m in diameter.
However, the number of individuals in the family is also not all. For the growth of the anthill, the place is important where it will be built. Humidity and abundance of greenery around - these are the necessary conditions for the favorable construction of the nest in many species of ants. Probably, therefore, the largest anthills were discovered in the Amazon Del. It is there that there is everything you need for construction: heat, humidity, vegetation, soft soil, many materials for construction.
5 million individuals in one colony is the average level for those edges. There are also far large families of ants there - up to several tens of millions of individuals.
If the constantly growing anthills are in the immediate vicinity of each other, often their merger occurs. As a result, in such a huge nest can also live on to get on to 0.5 billion small (or not very) hardworking "residents."
Much less chances to build a large anthill on rocky areas. There is almost no material, there is also a little vegetation, and the softness of the soil do not have to speak at all. Small ant "Domiers" here may not exceed 10 cm in diameter, and the number of individuals does not exceed hundreds in them.
Of course, it also depends on the type of ants. There are those that are by the nature of "tramps", and they do not build nests in general. And there are those who simply do not create numerous colonies, feeling great in a family of 30-100 individuals. Of course, the huge buildings are for nothing.
klopsos.ru.
The world's largest ant
Masterok.
Let's continue with you to fill in the heading of the most and living beings and objects, etc.
It is even difficult to imagine that ants and termites make up about 20% of the weight of all living on Earth. These minority creatures are about 900 species and are inferior in their diversity only feathers. The internal device and separation of functional duties in the anthill affects its expediency. There are among them and their giants. The biggest ants in the world live on the African continent. In length, they reach more than 30 mm. The size of the colonies of these insects reaches several kilometers in the diameter, and the number is several million.
The most large ants in the world living in Africa are representatives of Formicidae, Ponerinae subsfence - Dinoponera Roger. In addition to them, the largest ants include Dinoponera Gigantea, who are also called dinosaur ants (Dinosaur Ants) or Giant Amazonian Ant).
Dinoponera lucida.
This species is described first in 1833 as Ponera Gigantea Perty, 1833. After 5 years, another biologist again described it, but under a different name - Ponera Grandis Guerin-Meneville, 1838. It is faithful to the first name, and the second is reduced to synonyms, although in Both often appear popular literature. In a separate genus Dinoponera, this species was allocated after many years.
Judging by the observations in laboratory nests, it is for example alone to drag a small dead frog or chick of sparrow. Only physical uterine of some nomadic ants can argue with him in the size record, and representatives of Paraponera clavata with him are commensurate with him. In the old world, 3 cm reaches Camponotus Gigas. Adults Dinoponera Gigantea larvae have a size of 18-23 mm, eggs have a length of up to 3 mm, the larvae of 1-2-3 years have a length of 4-7-11 mm, respectively (Wheeler, G. C. and J. Wheeler, 1986).
Distribution: South America. Brazil and partly: Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay. View of Dinoponera Gigantea (Perty) is found in Brazil and Peru.
Ecology. Despite the major size, this is a rather rare view, although locally can be abundant. All 6 species were found in non-Orthodoxes (South America) in tropical forests and wet savannas. The uterus was not found, and the eggs are postponed with fertile workers (HOLLDOBLER, B. & WILSON, 1990: 173). The first taxonomy audit was made in 1971 (KEMPF, 1971: 369-394).
Polymorphism. Workers and males. The uterus as a morphological caster was not found.
Food. Predators and collectors of dead prey. Locking ground, single and night (occasionally found in the afternoon).
Ethology. The workers observed as foragers outside the nest lead themselves very timidly and in case of danger, they usually rush into the shelter, under the sheet, and temporarily hidden.
Nests. Dinoponera Longipes. The largest nest contained 120 working females (all the morphologically workers, no oct), 5 winged males and 57 cocoons, 6 large larvae, more than 30 small larvae and 25 eggs. In another small nest there were only 7 workers and 11 eggs. The absence of another brood except eggs suggests that this nest contained a starting or very young colony. The nests are located next to the dip or at its base. Between adjacent nests the distance on average 35 meters (Morgan 1993).
Each slot has an average of 11 large inputs (from 1 to 30) with a diameter of 2-3 cm. Externally is unlikely, often hidden foliage. Almost all chambers (10-15 cm in width and 3-4 cm high) are located at one level at a depth of about 30 cm on an area of \u200b\u200b1 to 2 meters.
Dinoponera Australis. Underground sockets contain up to 15 large cameras, each capable of accommodating the entire family constituting up to 30 workers (PAIVA 1993).
Dinoponera Quadriceps. The nests contain 40-92 workers and 1-10 hamirgates per colony (Dantas de Araujo et al. 1990).
Families. The species of Dinoponera Quadriceps found division of families and kinding when young hambergat and several workers leave the maternal family. Workers suffer each other or move tandem. Adult colonies include up to 10 hamirgats and 100 workers (Dantas de Araujo, et al. 1990). The opening of the workers showed the presence of 6 ovarolis in each ovary and sperm, the development of which is associated with physiological status among workers. Eggs are usually engaged in fertilized workers, called Hamergats (Peters, 1993).
Ant Giant - Camponotus Gigas - the largest ants from Southeast Asia Black Coloring. The length of soldiers and females reaches 3 cm. Other Name Giant Malaysian Ant (Malaysian Giant Ant)
this ant has a black head and breast, red-black abdomen. The average size of ordinary workers and males is about 20 mm, and soldiers and uterines reach 3 cm. Only physical uterine of some nomadic ants can argue with him in this record, and representatives of the kind of Dinoponera and Paraponera Clavata genus and Paraponera Clavata.
Covenant in Southeast Asia, tropical rain forests from Sumatra to Thailand.
Its habitat extends from peat swamps of mangrove forests to mountain forests 1500 m above sea level. In the south, Borneo nominative type is replaced by the subspecies of Camponotus Gigas SSP. Borneensis, with yellow legs. The colonial structure is very flexible and includes 8-14 main underground nests (Pfeiffer, 1997; Pfeiffer and LinsenMair, 2000). Large colonies occupy a territory to 0.8 hectares and includes up to 7,000 workers ants.
Workers are dimorphines. Large soldiers weigh 372 mg, and small working 135 mg. The castes differ in morphology, for example, in alometric heads of the head (the width of the head of the soldiers is 6.93 mm, in the working 356 mm).
Night forage. At dusk, the nest leave large masses of forage faces (from 35 to 2287) and survey the surrounding trees. Everyone returns home to the dawn. During the day you can meet single foragers in the forest litter. Fraziers collect sweet selection of sucking insects on trees (up to 90%), as well as insects (Pfeiffer and LinsenMair, 2001).
C. Gigas has symbiotic relationships with sucking plant juices by insects byThopsyrna Circulata from the Flatidae Cycade Family.
The Giant Malaysian Ant Camponotus Gigas has a polydomic colonial structure, combines an effective communication system, ergonomic optimization, polyethicism, active mobilization in the forage area area. Podcast workers transporters move production from peripheral nests to the central nest with the uterus. (Pfeiffer and LinsenMair, 1998). Territorial behavior includes long-term (about an hour) ritual clashes between major soldiers in fixed tournament places. Such battles can continue with breaks on the borders of the territories of two colonies (Pfeiffer and LinsenMair, 2001).
The aspal year-round rhythm in the departures of genital individuals is characteristic, which is typical for tropical species as a whole. The rhythm of marriage flights in with a period of 188 ± 5 days under the influence of endogenous components (Pfeiffer and LinsenMair, 1997).
This species refers to the ratio of the Dinomyrmex genus Camponotus. Severe two subspecies:
* Camponotus Gigas Borneensis Emery, 1887 * Camponotus Gigas Gigas (Latreille, 1802)
I will tell you some more interesting insects, look: for example, a terrible story with the participation of MUD Daubers, but the rare insect on Earth. Let me remind you about the topic of the masters of the caterpillars, as well as who zombies cockroaches? The original article is on the infraz.rf website. Link to an article with which this copy is made - http://infoglaz.ru/?p\u003d41073
masterok.livejournal.com
Muravyev species
Forest Forest Ants Black Garden Ants Pharaohs Ant Ants Misseratises Red Fire Munts Honey AntsThe ants are the most numerous family of arthropods. According to some statistical data, the total weight of all ants in the world equals the weight of people. Muravyov species are divided into subspecies. There are about 13 thousand species of ants around the globe. Among them are 21 modern families, 5 fossils. Types of ants are divided into 400 genera. Insects live around the world, with the exception of Antarctica, some remote islands. Prefer subtropical forests, tropical climates, conditions in moderate latitudes. Some types of ants in Russia live side skulls with a man.
Inhabitants of our area
Ants in Russia are found everywhere. A person is periodically struggling with insects of this species on the gardens, in the gardens, in the country sites, flower beds, their own home. More than 300 species of ants dwelling in our area are known. The most common in the Russian Federation the following types.
Red Forest ants
Red Forest ants
The most recognizable type of ants in our area.
- Large insects achieve body sizes 9-14 mm.
- Color bright redhead on the chest, abdomen, part of the head black with glossy glitter.
- Insects live a numerous family. In a large anthill there are several million individuals.
Most of the colony are the works of individuals performing different functions. As well as the rats with young females, males. At the head of the numerous family is a prolific female. But in the anthill there may be several females that lay eggs. They coexist peacefully with the queen, take the role of championship in the event of her death.
Red-haired forest ants live in forests away from man, build huge anthills up to 2 m in height, as much in the depth. The poison is actively used in medicine for the treatment of different diseases. This kind of ants is listed in the Red Book worldwide. Insects regulate the number of pests in the forests, explode the soil, help to remove Padal.
Interesting!
The Queen lives up to 20 years, the workers of the individuals are waiting for up to 3 years when in anthill, only 1 year older food miners live.
Black garden
Black garden ants
Representatives of this type of ants are common everywhere. Often, they are included in the ranks of the pests of garden, garden crops, lead a merciless struggle by discrepancing, insecticidal means. The main implant is to spread the tribes in the land plot.
Small ants reach the size of the body only 5 mm. They have a uniform dark color - dark brown, almost black. Insects build nests under the ground in the garden, in the garden. Often prefer places with fading wood, stones, branches. Externally, the anthill resembles a loose land holly. If there is a slightly digging, larvae, eggs, similar to rice grains are found. In the garden, it is possible to notice the nest on numerous holes in the ground.
Inside the family, there is an active life with a clear distribution of responsibilities. There are scouts, food miners, soldiers, guards, cleaners, nannies, obstacles. He heads the family of the Queen, which is engaged in masonry eggs.
On a note!
The main food for black garden ants is the juices of plants, berries, fruits, the present delicacy is the Pad, which leaves the failure.
Pharaohs
Pharaohs ants
Among the varieties of amusements, the role of the championship occupy insects with bright orange, yellow, red color - Pharaohs ants. The representative of the tropical countries loves heat, moderate humidity, so in the wild of our locality does not live. It is often in multi-storey houses, freely crashes on the upper floors.
It is called homemade pest in an interesting name, since for the first time small red-haired ants were found in the tomb of the pharaohs, where they penetrated in search of food. In Europe, appeared in the past century due to ship fishery. Gradually spread throughout the world.
Pharaoh ant prefers raw, warm, wet places in the house, populates ready cavities. Cracks in the wall, foundation, furniture, place under the wallpaper, various boxes. A family feature is the formation of several nests in a large area. Colony is related to each other, but has several prolific females. At the occurrence of unfavorable conditions in one nest, they are calmly moved to another.
Interesting!
The biggest forming family has 350 thousand individuals. In one colony up to 200 prolific females. For the year, the family increases on average per 1 thousand ants. Just 10% of workers are engaged in the mining of food, show out from the nest. All others live in an anthill, take care of the female, the ranks. Workers have individuals no more than 60 days, the maximum life of the fertile fertility - 10 months, males live about 20 days, die after fertilization of females.
Overseas inhabitants
In countries with a warm humid climate, ants are aggressive, life-threatening, unusual. How many types of ants in the world, so many interesting facts from the world of fauna.
Leaforesis
Misens Listoresis
This kind of ants adapted to grow mushrooms, use mycelium into food. Line cutter body size from 5 mm to 2 cm. They have reddish, brown color. Special curved cutters are located on a massive large head. They insect cuts the sheet plate, damaging numerous crowns of trees. The leaves are needed insects for growing fungi, for which special conditions are created in the anthill.
The family of sheetoresis is a few, but even a small colony of pests is enough to apply significant harm to plants. In an anthill, a clear distribution of duties - only 7 castes by the nature of the activity. The largest workers are soldiers.
Red fires
Red fiery ants
Belong to the most dangerous ants in the world. Aggressive individuals, from the bites of which dies every year more people than from the attacks of snakes, sharks, Tarantul. Live in America. The body size does not exceed 4 mm. Fiery ants have a numerous colony due to the presence of several prolific females in the colony.
The anthills are built in the wild in the ground. Externally - small elevations that are easy not to notice among trees, shrubs, high grass. This type of ants is also typical of the division into castes, with a clear distribution of responsibilities.
Periodically, red ants approach the Human House, attacking people, pets. About the movement of dangerous insects notify local newspapers. People close at home, take care of cattle, pets, go into safe places. Red ants often become the cause of fires, because they are closed into electrical wiring, devices.
On a note!
The bites of fiery ants cause a strongest allergic reaction, up to anaphylactic shock, respiratory stop. The bites are painful, man is weak, headache, nausea, increases body temperature. It continues for several days.
Honey ants
Honey ants
Unique insects living in desert conditions with a dry climate, insufficient moisture. Distributed in Australia, USA, Mexico. The numerous colony includes several million PRES - workers ants, males. At the head of the family of the queen or uterus, capable of reproducing 1500 eggs per day.
Title This kind of ant received thanks to the features of nutrition. Food for them is the honey dew, which leaves the wave on plants. The ants eat a huge amount of honey dew, which gradually postponed in the trouser. Elastic transparent belly stretched, resembles a barrel.
In the colony there are several such ants. They serve alive containers. The workers of individuals bring them food, they eat, and when the abdomen increases to huge sizes, prevents the movement, cling to the paws behind the walls of the anthill, just hang. Having rummaged relatives tick them with the assholes, they ask for a portion of food that honey ants are delivered. In this way, the whole colony in scanty times can eat.
Interesting!
For local aborigines, honey dew has to taste too. They specifically tear the anthills, pull out insects, suck the contents of the abdomen. Honey dew color resembles a full-fledged floral honey.
Photo of unusual insects from the forming family is presented below.
Zhntsy
An interesting view of ants are renouncements. For the winter they collect 1 kg of seeds, almost as many dead insects. This quantity is enough to successfully respond a numerous colony from several thousand. A feature of these insects is the fact that they feed their larvae with ground grain. The larvae of other types of ants need protein food of animal origin. Large individuals overdrew the grain, and smaller representatives of the genus rank pieces to minimal particles.
How to deal with domestic ants
Colony of Muravyev
It is even difficult to imagine that ants and termites make up about 20% of the weight of all living on Earth. These minority creatures are about 900 species and are inferior in their diversity only feathers. The internal device and separation of functional duties in the anthill affects its expediency. There are among them and their giants. The biggest ants in the world live on the African continent. In length, they reach more than 30 mm. The size of the colonies of these insects reaches several kilometers in the diameter, and the number is several million.
Dinosaur ant
The most large ants in the world living in Africa are representatives of Formicidae, Ponerinae subsfence - Dinoponera Roger. In addition to them, the largest ants include Dinoponera Gigantea, who are also called dinosaur ants (Dinosaur Ants) or Giant Amazonian Ant). Representatives of this type of ants were found only in South America.
Hawting Muravyev
The ants use very diverse food, from vegetable to small insects and even, in some cases, their own. They are oriented on the ground they are with a variety of odors. And many smells they produce themselves with glands. It is the smells of ants that make their trails, which allows you to confidently navigate in space. But not only for this nature created it gland. Many ants of the ants serve each other by smell. This is anxiety, and signals for defense, and the communion of the Queen of the Murantica (uterus) with his tribesmen. They will sweep their secretions and garbage, which must be removed from the anthill.
Movement is life
You will never see an ant in absolute rest. And this is because they never sleep! And here is 100% the right of the proverb that the movement is life. They have another amazing feature. If you take the ratio of the brain weight of the ant to its common mass, then in this indicator he is much superior to a person. In addition, the ant is able to raise the weight 20 times greater than its own. This means that we would raise the weight of 1500 kg.
Also are both small, and such as ant bulldogs or reds have a very dangerous poison, so their bite bears a direct danger to a person. But they meet among them and individuals whose dimensions greatly exceed the standard several millimeters. The world's largest ant could preserve to the present day, although now you can meet the species that are affected by their size.
The biggest representatives
Formicium - family of ants, which was first mentioned in 1854. Until today, the entire population of extinct and in the world has not been found species that would be larger than. The family included several species, among which the titaniumirma is particularly distinguished.
Interesting!
Representatives of Formicium had wings whose scope reached 15 cm. The length of the body of such ants was equal to 5-7 cm. The males were somewhat less than the females, their length did not exceed 4-5 cm.
The fossil species inhabited our planet for more than 30 million years. In memory of him, there were several prints and photos, on which the female has the same size with a famous poultry Hummingbird.
Modern giants:
- Nothomyrmecia Macrops is a giant ant, which lives today in the southern part of Australia. It is also the same as the most ancient view, the peer of dinosaurs. The first mention dates back to 1934. Nothomyrmecia Macrops is a little learned, as it lives in hard-to-reach places. Human has no opportunity to fully familiarize himself with his features.
- Camponotus Gigas - huge ants that belong to the genus of formations. This species is the most intelligent. Representatives can be found in the regions of Asia, Thailand, and the climate of wet rainforests of Malaysia, Indonesia is suitable for them. Ants of various clans have almost the same dimensions. It grows up to 3.1 cm, and the working person has a body length of about 2.9 cm. Representatives of the Camponotus Gigas colony have a characteristic color. The entire surface of the black body, and the back is painted in red. The color of the paws is also different from the rest of the body and is lighter, yellowish. They lead a nightlife, going to work in small groups of 10-15 individuals.
- Camponotus Vagus - a large ant, owner of a completely black body. It refers to and lives in Europe or the Northern Area of \u200b\u200bAsia. The most large of the whole family are the Ants Soldiers, their body grows up to 2 cm. The size of the workers of the ants do not exceed 1.5 cm. The uterus is responsible for organizing the colony. She lays eggs under stones, in stumps or fallen trees. In one anthill there are up to 10 thousand individuals. This species builds its numerous anthills in the wood, which can bring serious harm. Such trees are unsuitable for the use of the woodworking industry.
- Camponotus Herculeanus is another kind of tree. The second name - they got due to the color of their body. Mostly dwell in the fallen trees, more rarely species can be found in the soil. The uterus and soldiers reach 2 cm, and working representatives do not grow more than 15 mm. The species is found in the northern parts of Europe, Asia and in North America.
Exotic giants
It is mistaken to believe that only the largest species can build a large dwelling. The value is more dependent on the number of colony. For the biggest ants, a small number of families is characterized, so their nests are not distinguished by large sizes.
Another important indicator for the amount of housing is its place of arrangement. For ants, such indicators are important as the availability of power supplies and sufficient humidity.
Interesting!
The largest anthills can be seen in the Amazon Delta area. In this area, the average number of colony is about 5 million individuals. There is also a place such as the merger of several ant families, and then the number of a new anthill is already about 500 million.
According to existing data, the largest anthill in the world was found in the Tomsk region in Russia. It is located near the village of Zavarzino. According to local history, it took about 20 years to the ants. The parameters of the largest formic dwellings are 2.5 meters in height and 5.1 m in the diameter.
In some countries, the individuals of large ants and their larvae are actively accepted into food and are considered unique delicacies that help to saturate the human body with proteins and carbohydrates.
Surprisingly, how many types of ants in the world - there are about 12 thousand. It is also known that if we consider everyone, then each person accounts for Million Murasha. They differ in appearance and lifestyle in general. They adapted to exist in any conditions, so the number of them can only decrease with any environmental changes.
There are many interesting facts from the life of various types of ants, which attracts the attention of specialists to a detailed study of the forming life.
One nest is the guard of 1 hectare of forest. Recently, red forests are becoming less than the human fault - young colonies are destroyed, a large amount of insects are collected for the manufacture of drugs.
2. The attachments are actively engaged in food voyages. They are famous for large stocks from vegetable food and insects. This allows all the huge forming family to calmly and satisfy.
Adult individuals feed their larvae with grains of plants that they are grinding. Other types of ants prefer to give animal food to their babies.
3. Bulldogs - residents of the tropical forests of Australia, similar to OS. These are the biggest ants - their body length reaches 3 cm.
Bulldogs are called them due to a massive jaw, which helps them to hunt, and also serves as one of the means of movement - with the help of jaws, the insect jumps to a height of up to 30 cm.
Bite Ant-Bulldog is deadly, in Australia, there are cases of anaphylactic shock. The larvae is capable of being independently, adults need only to bring food into the nest.
4. Nomads are known by what they do not have a permanent socket, all the time move, stopping only for several weeks to multiply. All living things that occur on the way is subject to nomad attacks.
- Live in stumps or the bark of trees, feeding the sweet dew with the leaves. Due to the fact that Mrai tears the moves in the trees, harm to forest crops.
6. Amazon Ants They are engaged in the fact that they are abducted from the peaceful colonies of the larvae, and when they hatch, make it work. Amazon does not happen to their workers, only two types are born: uterus and soldiers.
7. Misselasis Agriculture is developing in their colonies. The name of them speaks for itself. Insects cut the leaves into small parts, carry in the nest, there they carry a special kind of fungus onto a sheet, which begins to grow on it. This is how hardworking Mrachi feeds.
The sheeting family is divided into 7 levels, and all the hardships differ in appearance, size and activity. Since such a lifestyle harms with green plantings, people try to fight these insects.
8. Ants-Invaders They live near or inside the colonies of other species of ants, thereby ruining them. They are very similar to the owners, but much smaller.
- they are differently called homemade. They are crawling in our apartments and stand their colonies in them. These flyers are small - about 2 mm, color - redhead.
On the street they will not meet, because these pests prefer to live in warm, comfort, security and open access to food.
For an effective disinsection, the participation should take residents of all apartments. The pharaohs of the ant spoil the products, can be carriers of various diseases - moving along the wastewater, the many viruses and bacteria cling to their paws.
11. Ant-bullet can dwell in very high temperatures, where other Mrajrai will die instantly. Also, his bites are life-threatening - 30 bites per 1 kg of body can result in death.
Some facts from the life of various types of ants in Russia and other countries are very curious. There is a special branch of science, which studies the features of their life - Mirmecology. Mirmecologists revealed a lot of secrets associated with torment, and how many of them left!
Consider several of the most advanced facts that can surprise many.
1. Ants are the largest view of insects on Earth. If you represent all the bugs on Earth, then their mass will be equal to the mass of all people living on the planet. For example, about two billion antives live in Africa for 1 km2.
2. There is a custom from some African tribes associated with anti-bullets. In order for the boy to become a man, he needs to go through such a ritual - put a mushroom on his hand full of torment. And since their bites of poisonous, hands paralyzes, they swell and black.
3. Wood insects are used when preparing a special sauce, Which is added to different dishes. Also for some people is a delicacy this kind of torment as honey. In their nest, some number of individuals are specifically refilled in a favorable time on the dry season, then drink sugar nectar that is distinguished from the abdomen.
Mexico and South America people noticed this and began to collect these insects for delicacy. In Thailand and Myanmar, ant larvae sell in the markets and eat as we have caviar.
4. Most of these insects are females that cannot multiply. And choose, the goosebump of the uterus or not, the usual workers who feed the larvae. If you feed in a special way, you can grow another colony uterus. Usually the queen is one, but there are such varieties where everything can be frozen or may be several modules.
It is known that there were cases of long life of the main females - the average age is 5-7 years old, but it also happens 12 or even 20 years. No insect so much lives. But this life expectancy is not all the Queen.
5. Very interesting, the presence of training in ant. There are some species where ants who previously found a source of food teaches this another.
6. Ants are excellent shepherds. And they graze they are a completely different type of insect - tool. Previously, the discharge was sharp and specific, scaring all enemies. But the evolution decided that the bugs would be easier if their milk would be on the contrary to attract ants. So it turned out - Muraki is protected and defended their thicken pastures, and they, in turn, treat them with a sweet nectar.
Some types of insects were about their weakness and began to use it. Also highlighting sweet juice, they sneak into an anthill and feed them in stocks, sometimes even devouring larvae.
7. Also these insects are not only shepherds, but also masters of agriculture. This is engaged in a separate view - ant-leafores. They are grown in the special compartments of their nest of the mushrooms, which they sweat.
To do this, they need to be trimmed home pieces of leaves for which special fungi transplanted. When a young uterus is born, she leaves the nest to create his colony, while she has special pockets in which the fungus is laid. It is curious that only termites, torch and man are growing.
8. These insects can be slave owners. There is a kind that penetrates in other people's nests and kills the queen. After that, the killer ant occupies a royal place, and the workers care for her and feed. But such a female can only produce amazons, which are born to capture other nests, so after some time the captured colony dies.
But there are less cruel measures - some young queens steal several other strangers, which at first help her to create their colony, and further the female itself copes.
These are only some facts showing the busy features of the life of Murash. Each individual view has its own individual imprint, which stretchingly distinguishes it from the rest. Their ability to get used to the existence in any corner of the planet makes ants with the most lively and common insects.
Best video about ants.
On the planet, the Earth approximately 20% of all the lives make up the ants, they differ in their sizes. Self large ants in the world They live on the continent washed by four oceans - Africa.
There are ants to the family of Formicidae, to the subfaming titled Dinoponera Roger. The length of such an ant about 30 millimeters. This subfamily refers to the most dangerous ants on the planet. The settlement of such species reaches about three kilometers and includes about two million ants.
The events of ants are based on strict laws. They are distinguished by their high organization. The formic family consists of:
- Larvae;
- Eggs;
- Dolls;
- Male;
- Female.
Among them, there is so to speak "working class". This class includes:
- Soldiers.
- Fruitless females.
One such forming family can be about ten thousand individuals. In each of them there are a couple of females and males capable of reproduction, they are called queens and kings, respectively. Ants are very hardworking insects. A distinctive feature of these insects is that they do not sleep, but are always in motion. There is such an interesting fact that if you take their brain and relate to the total mass of the body, the ants will exceed the person. They can raise the cargo 20 times more of their own weight, but a person is unlikely to cope with such a burden.
which occupy the honorable 2nd place, these are ants of the genus Camponotus, they, in turn, were divided into the following types:
Vagus. Insect size - females 12 mm, males - 16 mm. In this family, there is only one part of the female. With the appearance of a cub, herself builds nest. The choice of the house falls on the shredded stones, dried trees and stumps. Most of them live in the Urals in Russia.
Herculeanus. Their length can achieve a size of 20 mm, the working class length is 15 mm. They live mainly in the forests of Siberia, Africa, Europe and the part of Northern Asia. His dwellings are built in the trummers and sick trunks of trees, causing them even greater harm.
Giga. These are the largest representatives of the genus. The length of one ant may reach:
- 31 mm - in females,
- 28 mm - in the male,
- the worker has a 22 mm.
Insect insect color, paws are painted in yellow, and the rear of the taurus has red shades. They live in Asia.
An interesting fact: ants of different families can fight for their territory of residence. Loser in such a war, the family leaves this area.
Formicidae also have subspecies:
- Clavata.
The view of Clavata is not only the largest representatives of the kind, but also dangerous. The bite of such an ant painful and painful, is considered more dangerous, such as the bite of the wasp or bee. These ants are called "bullets", they have a powerful stale, which contains a poison with a paralysis substance. After such a bite, a person will not be able to move, sometimes muscle spasms are observed. In the event that a person is inclined to allergies, such a bite can lead to death.
Interesting fact: The law of the ant - never to attack the first. First, they frighten the victim, and after, they can already attack. At the same time they are hissing and emitting a specific smell.
- Myrmecia Pilosula.
Myrmecia Pilosula is the next subspecies, call them more ants-bulldogs. Inhabit "Bulldogs" in Australia. The appearance of the Muravyev resembles the torso of the wasp, only they have no wings. For a person, such ants are dangerous, they are better to go around the party. They are similar to the bees not only externally, but also what they can sting, and the dangerous poison is released.
The length of the female is almost 5 cm, and at the working class - up to 4 cm. Their feature is the presence of a large jaw with jar, extended by 0.5 cm. Life expectancy is about 5 years. This is one of the strongest species that cargo can raise more than 50 times. Another distinguished ant bulldogs is that this is the only one that can make sounds.
The Bulldog family consists of a hundred ants, rarely when this number comes to one thousand. Gnobs are built in places with high humidity.
The biggest ants in the world form the biggest anthills. The magnitude of the anthill will depend on how many individuals make up the family, it follows, the more family, the greater the anthill. On average, their dwellings can reach a height of up to 1.7 meters and wide 3 meters.
Several amazing ants of the world.
- Polyrhachis Dives - belong to the type of wooded individuals, they are called ants - weaver. The female in length is 13 mm, and the male is 1 cm. Weathered larvae create Silk throughout their life. Thanks to this talent, they can build their homes, connecting the filaments of silk cobwebs. Miscellaneous vegetable garbage. The anthill, created with the help of such an equipment, is distinguished by its ease and reliability, not the wind is not terrible, not the rain.
Food ants have silver-gray torso color. Due to the fact that they have a lot of hairs on the body, their color plays with different colors in the sun.
The ants of the weavers can create colonies from hundreds of thousands of individuals, they have a lot of uterus for breeding. Families can be formed directly with two utensils. Ants of this species quickly settle down, if a female suddenly found a place where you can settle, it just takes a few workers with you, and they, in turn, take a pair of larva with them to build a nest.
The bulk of this type of ants lives in China.
- Ant-panda. This view of the kind of velvet insects, their habitat Chile. These individuals have fatal bites and therefore they gave them the second name of the "killer of cows".
- Honey ants. Belong to different kinds. Honeycomb accumulates in their belly liquid carbohydrates. Carbohydrates - this is the food that they can share with other ants from the family with belching. These ants have an elastic caller, where the useful trace elements they are accumulated, which they are then divided with others. Honey ants live in tropical jungle countries - Mexico, Australia. Residents of the state nicknamed them with "earthy grapes". Australia Abornenes fell to taste honey ants, they catch them and use instead of candy.
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