There are several places that are desperately fighting the title of windy terrain on the planet Earth. However, it turns out that nature is trying to preserve some of their secrets, and the wind is not so easy to measure, and the title of windy place depends on the definition of "windiness".
Island Barrow
Located north-west of the shores of Australia, this small island experienced gusts of the strongest winds. In 1996, April 10, the meteorological station recorded the strongest in the history of the gust of the wind, whose speed reached 408 km per hour. This gust of the wind came on the wings of the tropical cyclone Olivia.
Tropical cyclones are formed when raising warm, wet air from the surface of the seas and oceans. They are accompanied by abundant precipitation and wind power winds. Tropical cyclones are capable of maintaining their power only over large aquatic arrays, such as outdoor seas and oceans. Islands are especially strong from such weather phenomena. Such a cyclone in the northern hemisphere is called Typhoon, and over the waters of the Atlantic Ocean - Hurricane.
Despite the fact that Cyclone Olivia brought the strongest impulse of the wind, he is still not the strongest cyclone. Usually the power of the cyclone is determined by the continuous power of the wind. According to meteorological data, Typhoon Nancy became the champion, the continuous strength of the wind of which in 1961 reached 146 km per hour. Nancy caused 170 people in Japan's death.
All the same cyclones are not champions on the strength of the wind. Even more destructive gusts occur during tornadoes and tornado. Thus, one of the windy places in the world is located in the very center of the United States.
Oklahoma
Tornado in Russian often called Solochi, it is a air column that connects the thunderstorm cloud with the Earth. According to many meteorologists, tornadoes are the strongest and destructive of all atmospheric vortices and storms.
Such a weather phenomenon like a tornado, can happen anywhere, but most often they appear in the United States. Southeast States even got the title "Alley Tornado". In 2011, the "Alley" served as a arena for the formation of 207 individuals in a period of 24 hours.
In 1999, on May 3, in the state of Oklahoma, the highest speed of the Tornado, which reached 486 km per hour was recorded.
Despite the high wind speeds in the tornado, this weather phenomenon is usually relatively short, but there is a place in which you may encounter a strong wind at any time of the year.
South ocean
So conventionally referred to the water of three oceans - Indian, quiet and atlantic, which are washed by the shores of Antarctica. Increasingly, among experts, the separation of the World Ocean is not on the usual four aqueous arrays, but five, when they determine the southern ocean a separate role.
Any traveler or researcher who has made around the world swimming will inform you that the water of the Southern Ocean is the most restless. Starting from 40 ° lard, winds become especially cruel and strong. Gusts are also enhanced by the fact that air flows are not interrupted by continents and major islands. Thus, the continuous strength of the wind in the southern ocean can reach 160 km per hour.
Although this force is enough to recognize the Southern Ocean of one of the windy places, a little south of restless waters lies continent, whose air flows brought him the title of the most windy 100 years ago.
Antarctica
The wind in Antarctica is unusual - it is called catabathic, or falling. Due to the form of the continent, the dense air flows are descended over the ice slopes, which makes the wind not only strong, but also unusually cold.
The form of the continent is very similar to the dome, the wind blows from the top towards the coastline with a slope to the left due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The strength of the winds of the wind on the most southern continent is regularly measured from December 1913. The most windy hour in the history of Antarctica was July 6, 1913, when the power of air flow reached 153 km per hour.
However, it is very difficult to measure the power of the catabathic wind, especially in Antarctica, where the temperature never rises above the zero. First, strong air flows due to their density are easily breaking equipment, secondly, even if some measuring stations and pillars remain intact, they are often leaving.
The fastest wind in the world registered the expert commission on April 10, 1996. The gust of the wind reached its record mark on the island of Barrow, in Australia. At this time, the Olivia cyclone was held here.
Wind speed on the island reached 408 kilometers per hour. For comparison, the average wind speed in the world reaches 15 kilometers per hour.
Before that, the fastest wind in the world was considered a stream that was caught in New Hampshire on Mount Washington. This place today is considered one of the most unfriendly on the planet. Before the new record was recorded in 1996, the American wind in New Hampshire was considered the most powerful flow of about 70 years.
Wind speed on top of Mount Washington reached 372 kilometers per hour.
Despite these anomalies of the planet, today the overall weakening of winds around the world is recorded. Researchers analyzed 800 meteorological stations for the last 3 dozen years. It turned out that today the wind speed indicators decreased by 15%. That is, if earlier air flows went at a speed of 17 km / h, today it is 14 km / h today.
What is the reason? Scientists believe that one of the main causes of such indicators is the restoration of forests due to the acute environmental situation. But no one flies off with and global warming.
What threatens? But the consequences of such changes may be negative for humans. For example, researchers suggested that the slowdown of wind streams can lead to air pollution, as well as a sharp reduction in the spread of seeds on the ground. Not to mention the fact that wind power plants will now produce significantly less energy. The world also appeared the strangest clouds.
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From natural phenomena, which bear the danger of person and the surrounding nature, hurricanes are relatively small in size, but have a big destructive force.
Tropical cyclones, emerging in the open ocean, gaining strength, develop into strongest hurricanes. Their force is measured on a five-point scale. These are the strongest hurricanes in the world we will consider in our review.
Galveston
At the junction of the centuries, in September 1900, the largest hurricane fell on the American city of Galveston, the victims of which were 6 thousand people.
It has been over 100 years old, and the memories of one of the strongest hurricanes in the history of the United States are still being concerned with the consequences of destruction.
The birth of the cyclone managed to notice on August 5, 1969 off the coast of Africa, and on the night of August 17, the strongest natural element had already collapsed on the coastal territories of the United States and Mexico.
Camilla was assigned a 5th level of danger, since the speed of vortex flows when approaching the territory of the United States reached 180 kilometers per hour. Hurricane brought big destruction in the mouth of Mississippi, 256 people are considered missing.
For a powerful hurricane, a flood was followed, the life of 113 inhabitants of Virginia.
Typhoon Nika
In the southeastern region of the planet Typhoon, a frequent phenomenon, but Typhoon "Nika" fell into China in 1975 became the most powerful and destructive.
The strength of the wind was so powerful that Bankiao broke through a large dam, as well as dozens of small dams, which led to the strongest flood.
During the hospital, the elements in China, according to different estimates, died from 100 to 230 thousand people.
Observing in the Atlantic Ocean, Andrew gained strength and swirl in the Bahamas, the southern part of Florida and touched Louisiana.
Residents managed to warn on time, but the hurricane became one of the most destructive. Despite the successful evacuation, the victims could not be avoided. 26 people died, and 39 then died from injuries.
US authorities appreciated the damage from Andrew at $ 26.5 billion.
October 1998 remained in the memory of the inhabitants of the Atlantic and Central America in connection with the sweating hurricane, the speed of which reached 320 kilometers per hour.
The terrible hurricane in the history of the life of more than 20 thousand inhabitants of the three Central American states. Powerful selevo-mud streams demolished whole villages, fascinating machines and architectural structures behind them.
The element gave rise to a powerful tsunami with a wave height of 6 meters, which tangible on the coast, caused powerful flood. During the element, eyewitnesses were observed and the formed tornadoes who carried no less danger.
Thanks to favorable conditions, a tropical cyclone, originated on August 30, 2017 off the coast of Africa, in just a few days a survey in a hurricane of the 5th category.
Hurricane Irma is the longest in the entire history of observations. It should be noted that September was unique, since the three powerful cyclones were raging in the Atlantic.
Despite the timely evacuation, it was not possible to avoid human victims, and the amount of destruction amounted to more than $ 60 billion. Today, Irma is the most powerful hurricane not only in the history of the United States, but also the entire Western hemisphere.
A large tragedy caused by a tropical cyclone, occurred in 1997 and became the most terrible in the history of Mexico on the power of destruction and damage.
Obtained in the open ocean, the hurricane first moved to the east, but then sharply turned to the north-west and with a huge speed greater than sometimes 200 kilometers per hour, swept along the coast of Mexico. He provoked heavy rains, which was the cause of flooding and powerful landslides.
After "Pauline" subsided, the number of victims was 500 people, and without a roof over his head, approximately 300 thousand Mexicans were left.
The maximum speed of the hurricane, which originated in the northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean, reached 270 km per hour, because of which he was assigned the 5th category.
The wind and tornadow of a big devastating force covered two states of Mexico and destroyed or partially damaged tens of thousands of buildings. Unfortunately, 4 thousand inhabitants of Mexico died, and the city of San Blas was practically destroyed.
According to eyewitnesses, the elements and rescuers terribly observed the consequences of a disaster that brought with him Kenna.
San Caliksto
The most powerful tropical cyclone in the history of mankind swept over the islands of the Caribbean archipelago in the fall of 1780. The most terrible hurricane, as historical records testify, passed 22 thousand people.
Having come across the Canadian Newfoundland to the island of Barbados, San Callee destroyed 95% of residential and economic buildings, administrative cultural structures. Using modern technology, scientists suggested that wind speed in those days amounted to about 330 kilometers per hour.
Cyclone Bhola.
The most destructive hurricanes become the result of the collision of air flows of different temperatures, and originate in various parts of the Earth. But the strongest hurricane today originated in the Pacific region.
Cyclone became the consequence of a tropical storm, but the most sad, record-in-one in the number of human victims of the natural element, swept at a speed of 320 kilometers per hour on November 12, 1970 in the territories of Pakistan and some states of India.
Huge waves that have collapsed coastal zone were washed off entire villages. The number of people who died as a result of a disaster amounted to more than 400 thousand, and damage from destruction and damage to agricultural land amounted to 86 billion dollars.
Today, the weather observations with space satellites and the modern means of alert help to prevent the impending element and prevent numerous sacrifices. But this sometimes does not help, since the suddenness of hurricanes and their huge speed of spreading is sometimes causing the inhabitants of the planet by surprise.
As a result of the pressure difference between two different air regions, the wind occurs. The speed and direction of its movement may vary depending on the pressure indicators in time and space. In most areas of the planet, certain wind directions are dominated. So, the poles are dominated by oriental winds, in moderate latitudes - Western. Along with such areas there are also clock zones and abnormal areas where the wind blows constantly.
Strong wind can also occur due to local changes like confrontation of cyclone and anticyclone. Under the action of wind on terrestrial objects and excitement at the sea, the wind power is evaluated in the ballages on the Bafort scale. Depending on how fast the wind blows, each wind force has its verbal definition.
Wind speed: 1-5 km / h
From 0 to 1 point
The calm is a windless or almost windless weather, at which the maximum wind speed is not more than 0.5 m / s. When a silent wind blows, light ripples appear on the sea. On land with such wind smoke deviates from the vertical direction.
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Lightweight, weak, moderate, fresh
Wind speed: 12-38 km / h
From 2 to 5 points
The wind from 2 points is classified as light. He can break the leaves of trees, his whiff is felt on the skin. With 3 points, weak wind, the branches, flags begin to swing, the sea appear short, but severe waves. A moderate wind, which is estimated in the 4th point, raises dust, blurs the outlines of smoke and creates white lambs on the water. Fresh wind in 5 points forces to split thin trunks, cause a whistle in the ears and form the waves with a height of up to 2 meters.
Strong, strong and very strong
Wind speed: from 39 to 61 km / h
From 6 to 8 points
Strong wind in 6 points usually does not give to open an umbrella. It can easily bend thin trees and rock thick branches. The wave height reaches 3 meters. Anti-strong wind, which is estimated at 7 points, it is difficult to go. Even more difficult, it will be done if the window blows very strong. Speak on such a wind is also very difficult.
Storm
Wind speed: from 75 to 88 km / h
From 9 to 11 points
The storm can be ordinary, strong and cruel. If the usual just breaks off the roofs and burns big trees, then his older "counterparts" can destroy the buildings, snatch with the root of the trees and raise the wave of 11 meters high.
Hurricane
Wind speed: more than 117 km / h
The hurricane is literally everything that turns out to be on his way. Wind gusts can reach 50-60 m / s. The wind can easily lift heavy items into the air and transfer them to considerable distances, drowning the ships and destroy the monumental structures.
Records
The strongest gust of winds in the entire history was registered in 1934 on Mount Washington in New Hampshire, USA. Within a few minutes, the wind blew at a speed of 123 m / s. The most windy place on the planet is COMMONWEALTH Bay in Antarctica. There the wind blows constantly, and the speed of it reaches 240 km / h.
Where is the rainy area on Earth, who announced its territory "world capital of lightning" and what region in Russia is considered the most dying?
Wind
The most windy place in the world is the Antarctic Sea coast of the Commonwealth, where the wind is almost every day with a speed of 15 m / s or more.
Record bottom gusts at the surface of the earth registered an automatic meteorological station on the Australian Island Barrow on April 10, 1996 - they reached 113 m / s (408 km / h).
Speed \u200b\u200bspeeds and tornadoes were higher, but their measurement is extremely dangerous for life and absolute data does not exist. However, the most powerful Book of Records Guinness is considered Tornado, which was rummaged on April 2, 1958 on the Texas City of Wichita Falls at a speed of 450 km / h. The speed estimate was made according to the colossal destruction produced. By the way, it is in the US who has a record number of tornadoes - 65% of the global number. So, in April 2011 they counted 758, and during the day, April 27-28, 211 vortices flew. Almost all of them are formed in a kind of corridor, which stretches through the valleys of Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri. Locals call him "Alley Tornado". Tornado and tornadoes arise where the warm and wet sea air comes into contact with dry and cold continental.
The record in Russia belongs to the island of Harlov in the Barents Sea. On February 8, 1986, the wind gusts reached 52 m / s (187 km / h). The most often strong winds (starting with 15 m / s) are observed in the coastal zones of Kamchatka, Arkhangelsk, Magadan region, in the area of \u200b\u200bDixon and Novorossiysk.
The wind will noticeably "lowers" the temperature of the air, a sense, worsens the comfort of the weather. The temperature of 0 ° C with wind 10 m / s We will feel like -7 ° C, with 20 m / s gusts - already like -10 ° C.
reference
Wind speed on meteorological stations of most countries of the world is measured at an altitude of 10 m and averaged in 10 minutes. Instant wind gusts are examined separately. Both observations are important: you need to know the wind regime of the district and the extreme manifestations of the elements. Speed \u200b\u200bis measured with a variety of devices: anemometers, probes, radar.
Precipitation
Cherapundy, the city in the Indian state of Meghala, is considered one of the strongest and wet places on Earth. The average annual precipitation is 11,777 mm here.
As the longest, rain is listed in the Guinness Book of Records, which was 247 days without a break on Kauai Island in Hawaii from August 27, 1993 to April 30, 1994. The average precipitation on the island is up to 11,684 mm per year.
The most dry place on Earth is in Antarctica - this is the dry Valley of McMarto: there are no snow and rain for millions of years. It is also practically no precipitation in the Atakama desert in Chile. The only time an anomaly happened here: on May 19, 2010 a short-term snow fell.
In Russia, the most precipitation is observed at the Achishho mountain range near Sochi - about 3240 mm per year. The most arid area is the Caspian lowland - places less than 200 mm.
There is a humidity of 30-60% to a comfortable norm for a person. The air, the relative humidity of which is lower than 20%, is estimated as dry, more than 86% - as very wet. With dry air, a person can endure heat, but he has dehydration of the body.
reference
The amount of precipitation is measured using a rainerous bucket, which is installed on a wooden column inside a special cone-shaped protection. The precipitates fall out of the clouds in the form of rain, sea, snow, snowy and ice cereals, ice rain and hail.
Grad.
Grad - the phenomenon is short-term and size most often similar to small peas. But annually in the world there are several cases of dangerous grades. "Ice bombs" from the sky fall in India, in the south of China, in Bangladesh, in the West Kenya, in the US ...
One of the grades dropped on July 23, 2010 in Vivian, American meteorologists retained in the refrigerator and registered as a record: its diameter was 20 cm, and the weight of 880 grades of the same size, but weighing 1002 g, were the reason for the tragedy in Bangladesh 14 April 1986. According to eyewitnesses, in April 1981 in the province of Guangdong (China) there was a habit of up to 7 kg.
In Russia, it is most often noted in the southern regions.
Grad is considered a dangerous phenomenon if its diameter reached 2 cm and more. In the village of Voznesenskaya, on July 25, 1957, the largest hail was held in the entire history of observations in the Krasnodar Territory. Separate grades weighed 1.5 kg.
Council
If during the graduatement you turned out to be in the car, it is advisable to stop (but not to go out) and turn back to the glasses, cover my head with my hands or clothing. If you are at home, you need to move away from the windows.
Storm
The world foci of thunderstorms are located in separate areas of Central and South America, Southeast Asia, Central and East Africa, that is, where high humidity and air heating lead to the rapid formation of rain clouds. For example, in Singapore, on average, 170 thunderstorms per year, in the Amazon basin - more than 200, on the island of Java to 220. Maximum thunderstorm activity falls on Uganda - from 250 to 270 days a year. Thunderstorm in the listed regions can last from three to ten o'clock, while in Russia the average duration of one thunderstorm is no more than two hours. The maximum number of days with a thunderstorm - on average 30-40 - falls on the area of \u200b\u200bSochi and the foothills of the Caucasus.
Thunderstorms are always accompanied by lightning and thunder.
Lightning
The highest concentration of lightning is registered in the Valley of the Katatumbo River, which flows into Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela), - 250 discharges over each square kilometer per year. The total number of lightning over the course of the year exceeds 1 million. Continuous discharges illuminate kathatum from 365 nights 140-160 times. Light reflections are visible at a distance of 400 km. The Venezuelan Municipality announced this territory the "world capital of lightning".
Council
Thunderstorm accompanied by zippers belongs to one of the most dangerous human natural phenomena. It is important to know the basic safety rules.
It is impossible to be near the power lines, under the trees, especially lonely standing, in open areas and elevations. If you are in an open place, it is best to squat. It is undesirable to go in a thunderstorm under an umbrella with metal knitting needles. Cannot be allowed during a thunderstorm contact with metal devices and mobile phones, including indoors. The element is better to wait into the shelter.
Air temperature
The absolute minimum temperature on Earth (-89.2 ° C) was recorded in Antarctica at the East station on July 21, 1983. But since the station is located at an altitude of 3488 m, then its testimony cannot be considered record. To compare various observations, they must be given to the sea level. In this case, the lowest temperatures turn out to be in Yakutia. Officially, Verkhoyansk (137 m above sea level) was recognized as a pole of the Planet cold (137 m above sea level), where the temperature of -67.8 ° C was observed on February 5-8, 1892. Unofficially - the village of Oymyakon (745 m), in which serial meteorles began to spend much later. In a number of sources, it is given that in January 1916, the temperature here was lowered to -82 ° C.
As for the heat, in the Libyan city of El Azizia on September 13, 1922, the planetary record was registered in the shadows: +57.7 ° C. Not far behind the Death Valley in California - +56.7 ° C. The absolute maximum in Russia (+45.4 ° C) was recorded on Uta weather stations in Kalmykia on July 12, 2010. By the way, many areas of those abnormally hot in the summer have established their regional records. For example, in Moscow on July 29, 2010, the air warmed up to +38.2 ° C. By the way, a record minimum for the capital (-42.2 ° C) was established in 1940.
Council
Acclimatization of a person to a hot climate or arctic cold is individual. But unambiguous residents of moderate latitudes are more susceptible to various disorders: thermal impact, impaired water exchange, solar burn - which are fraught with consequences for the body. For them, air temperature from +38 ° C (it is close to blood temperature) are already dangerous. In addition, people with upigmented leather there is a chance to obtain severe disease, especially with long solar irradiation.
reference
According to international meteorological rules, the air temperature is measured by a special thermometer, which is located at a height of 2 m from the soil surface in a well-ventilated booth, protected from direct sunlight and located away from the links.
Records of one line
- The Sunlight on the planet is the city of Yuma in Arizona, in Russia - Born in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
- The most foggy city in Russia - South Kurilsk, where this phenomenon is observed an average of 118 days a year (in Moscow - about ten days).
- The strongest ice swept covered the southeast of Canada and the Northeast of the United States from 4 to 10 January 1998. The diameter of the deposits in some places reached record values \u200b\u200bof 10-12 cm.
- The city of scrap in Montana in the USA - the record holder to change the temperature: during the day on January 15, 1972, the temperature jumped from -48 to +9 ° C.
- A record snowfish was recorded in the town of Fort Keo Montana in January 1887 - its diameter was 38 cm (usually about 5 mm).
- The snowy place in Russia is the Pushchino village in Kamchatka. The minimum number of days with snow is marked in Sochi, but only 10 km from the Red Polyana - on the Achishho Ridge, the height of snow can be 10 m.
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