As a result of the pressure difference between two different air regions, the wind occurs. The speed and direction of its movement may vary depending on the pressure indicators in time and space. In most areas of the planet, certain wind directions are dominated. So, the poles are dominated by oriental winds, in moderate latitudes - Western. Along with such areas there are also clock zones and abnormal areas where the wind blows constantly.
Strong wind can also occur due to local changes like confrontation of cyclone and anticyclone. Under the action of wind on terrestrial objects and excitement at the sea, the wind power is evaluated in the ballages on the Bafort scale. Depending on how fast the wind blows, each wind force has its verbal definition.
Wind speed: 1-5 km / h
From 0 to 1 point
The calm is a windless or almost windless weather, at which the maximum wind speed is not more than 0.5 m / s. When a silent wind blows, light ripples appear on the sea. On land with such wind smoke deviates from the vertical direction.
Read on Don't Panic: http://dnpmag.com/2017/09/08/oSnovnye-vetra-Reznoj-sily/
Lightweight, weak, moderate, fresh
Wind speed: 12-38 km / h
From 2 to 5 points
The wind from 2 points is classified as light. He can break the leaves of trees, his whiff is felt on the skin. With 3 points, weak wind, the branches, flags begin to swing, the sea appear short, but severe waves. A moderate wind, which is estimated in the 4th point, raises dust, blurs the outlines of smoke and creates white lambs on the water. Fresh wind in 5 points forces to split thin trunks, cause a whistle in the ears and form the waves with a height of up to 2 meters.
Strong, strong and very strong
Wind speed: from 39 to 61 km / h
From 6 to 8 points
Strong wind in 6 points usually does not give to open an umbrella. It can easily bend thin trees and rock thick branches. The wave height reaches 3 meters. Anti-strong wind, which is estimated at 7 points, it is difficult to go. Even more difficult, it will be done if the window blows very strong. Speak on such a wind is also very difficult.
Storm
Wind speed: from 75 to 88 km / h
From 9 to 11 points
The storm can be ordinary, strong and cruel. If the usual just breaks off the roofs and burns big trees, then his older "counterparts" can destroy the buildings, snatch with the root of the trees and raise the wave of 11 meters high.
Hurricane
Wind speed: more than 117 km / h
The hurricane is literally everything that turns out to be on his way. Wind gusts can reach 50-60 m / s. The wind can easily lift heavy items into the air and transfer them to considerable distances, drowning the ships and destroy the monumental structures.
Records
The strongest gust of winds in the entire history was registered in 1934 on Mount Washington in New Hampshire, USA. Within a few minutes, the wind blew at a speed of 123 m / s. The most windy place on the planet is COMMONWEALTH Bay in Antarctica. There the wind blows constantly, and the speed of it reaches 240 km / h.
Where is the rainy area on Earth, who announced its territory "world capital of lightning" and what region in Russia is considered the most dying?
Wind
The most windy place in the world is the Antarctic Sea coast of the Commonwealth, where the wind is almost every day with a speed of 15 m / s or more.
Record bottom gusts at the surface of the earth registered an automatic meteorological station on the Australian Island Barrow on April 10, 1996 - they reached 113 m / s (408 km / h).
Speed \u200b\u200bspeeds and tornadoes were higher, but their measurement is extremely dangerous for life and absolute data does not exist. However, the most powerful Book of Records Guinness is considered Tornado, which was rummaged on April 2, 1958 on the Texas City of Wichita Falls at a speed of 450 km / h. The speed estimate was made according to the colossal destruction produced. By the way, it is in the US who has a record number of tornadoes - 65% of the global number. So, in April 2011 they counted 758, and during the day, April 27-28, 211 vortices flew. Almost all of them are formed in a kind of corridor, which stretches through the valleys of Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri. Locals call him "Alley Tornado". Tornado and tornadoes arise where the warm and wet sea air comes into contact with dry and cold continental.
The record in Russia belongs to the island of Harlov in the Barents Sea. On February 8, 1986, the wind gusts reached 52 m / s (187 km / h). The most often strong winds (starting with 15 m / s) are observed in the coastal zones of Kamchatka, Arkhangelsk, Magadan region, in the area of \u200b\u200bDixon and Novorossiysk.
The wind will noticeably "lowers" the temperature of the air, a sense, worsens the comfort of the weather. The temperature of 0 ° C with wind 10 m / s We will feel like -7 ° C, with 20 m / s gusts - already like -10 ° C.
reference
Wind speed on meteorological stations of most countries of the world is measured at an altitude of 10 m and averaged in 10 minutes. Instant wind gusts are examined separately. Both observations are important: you need to know the wind regime of the district and the extreme manifestations of the elements. Speed \u200b\u200bis measured with a variety of devices: anemometers, probes, radar.
Precipitation
Cherapundy, the city in the Indian state of Meghala, is considered one of the strongest and wet places on Earth. The average annual precipitation is 11,777 mm here.
As the longest, rain is listed in the Guinness Book of Records, which was 247 days without a break on Kauai Island in Hawaii from August 27, 1993 to April 30, 1994. The average precipitation on the island is up to 11,684 mm per year.
The most dry place on Earth is in Antarctica - this is the dry Valley of McMarto: there are no snow and rain for millions of years. It is also practically no precipitation in the Atakama desert in Chile. The only time an anomaly happened here: on May 19, 2010 a short-term snow fell.
In Russia, the most precipitation is observed at the Achishho mountain range near Sochi - about 3240 mm per year. The most arid area is the Caspian lowland - places less than 200 mm.
There is a humidity of 30-60% to a comfortable norm for a person. The air, the relative humidity of which is lower than 20%, is estimated as dry, more than 86% - as very wet. With dry air, a person can endure heat, but he has dehydration of the body.
reference
The amount of precipitation is measured using a rainerous bucket, which is installed on a wooden column inside a special cone-shaped protection. The precipitates fall out of the clouds in the form of rain, sea, snow, snowy and ice cereals, ice rain and hail.
Grad.
Grad - the phenomenon is short-term and size most often similar to small peas. But annually in the world there are several cases of dangerous grades. "Ice bombs" from the sky fall in India, in the south of China, in Bangladesh, in the West Kenya, in the US ...
One of the grades dropped on July 23, 2010 in Vivian, American meteorologists retained in the refrigerator and registered as a record: its diameter was 20 cm, and the weight of 880 grades of the same size, but weighing 1002 g, were the reason for the tragedy in Bangladesh 14 April 1986. According to eyewitnesses, in April 1981 in the province of Guangdong (China) there was a habit of up to 7 kg.
In Russia, it is most often noted in the southern regions.
Grad is considered a dangerous phenomenon if its diameter reached 2 cm and more. In the village of Voznesenskaya, on July 25, 1957, the largest hail was held in the entire history of observations in the Krasnodar Territory. Separate grades weighed 1.5 kg.
Council
If during the graduatement you turned out to be in the car, it is advisable to stop (but not to go out) and turn back to the glasses, cover my head with my hands or clothing. If you are at home, you need to move away from the windows.
Storm
The world foci of thunderstorms are located in separate areas of Central and South America, Southeast Asia, Central and East Africa, that is, where high humidity and air heating lead to the rapid formation of rain clouds. For example, in Singapore, on average, 170 thunderstorms per year, in the Amazon basin - more than 200, on the island of Java to 220. Maximum thunderstorm activity falls on Uganda - from 250 to 270 days a year. Thunderstorm in the listed regions can last from three to ten o'clock, while in Russia the average duration of one thunderstorm is no more than two hours. The maximum number of days with a thunderstorm - on average 30-40 - falls on the area of \u200b\u200bSochi and the foothills of the Caucasus.
Thunderstorms are always accompanied by lightning and thunder.
Lightning
The highest concentration of lightning is registered in the Valley of the Katatumbo River, which flows into Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela), - 250 discharges over each square kilometer per year. The total number of lightning over the course of the year exceeds 1 million. Continuous discharges illuminate kathatum from 365 nights 140-160 times. Light reflections are visible at a distance of 400 km. The Venezuelan Municipality announced this territory the "world capital of lightning".
Council
Thunderstorm accompanied by zippers belongs to one of the most dangerous human natural phenomena. It is important to know the basic safety rules.
It is impossible to be near the power lines, under the trees, especially lonely standing, in open areas and elevations. If you are in an open place, it is best to squat. It is undesirable to go in a thunderstorm under an umbrella with metal knitting needles. Cannot be allowed during a thunderstorm contact with metal devices and mobile phones, including indoors. The element is better to wait into the shelter.
Air temperature
The absolute minimum temperature on Earth (-89.2 ° C) was recorded in Antarctica at the East station on July 21, 1983. But since the station is located at an altitude of 3488 m, then its testimony cannot be considered record. To compare various observations, they must be given to the sea level. In this case, the lowest temperatures turn out to be in Yakutia. Officially, Verkhoyansk (137 m above sea level) was recognized as a pole of the Planet cold (137 m above sea level), where the temperature of -67.8 ° C was observed on February 5-8, 1892. Unofficially - the village of Oymyakon (745 m), in which serial meteorles began to spend much later. In a number of sources, it is given that in January 1916, the temperature here was lowered to -82 ° C.
As for the heat, in the Libyan city of El Azizia on September 13, 1922, the planetary record was registered in the shadows: +57.7 ° C. Not far behind the Death Valley in California - +56.7 ° C. The absolute maximum in Russia (+45.4 ° C) was recorded on Uta weather stations in Kalmykia on July 12, 2010. By the way, many areas of those abnormally hot in the summer have established their regional records. For example, in Moscow on July 29, 2010, the air warmed up to +38.2 ° C. By the way, a record minimum for the capital (-42.2 ° C) was established in 1940.
Council
Acclimatization of a person to a hot climate or arctic cold is individual. But unambiguous residents of moderate latitudes are more susceptible to various disorders: thermal impact, impaired water exchange, solar burn - which are fraught with consequences for the body. For them, air temperature from +38 ° C (it is close to blood temperature) are already dangerous. In addition, people with upigmented leather there is a chance to obtain severe disease, especially with long solar irradiation.
reference
According to international meteorological rules, the air temperature is measured by a special thermometer, which is located at a height of 2 m from the soil surface in a well-ventilated booth, protected from direct sunlight and located away from the links.
Records of one line
- The Sunlight on the planet is the city of Yuma in Arizona, in Russia - Born in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
- The most foggy city in Russia - South Kurilsk, where this phenomenon is observed an average of 118 days a year (in Moscow - about ten days).
- The strongest ice swept covered the southeast of Canada and the Northeast of the United States from 4 to 10 January 1998. The diameter of the deposits in some places reached record values \u200b\u200bof 10-12 cm.
- The city of scrap in Montana in the USA - the record holder to change the temperature: during the day on January 15, 1972, the temperature jumped from -48 to +9 ° C.
- A record snowfish was recorded in the town of Fort Keo Montana in January 1887 - its diameter was 38 cm (usually about 5 mm).
- The snowy place in Russia is the Pushchino village in Kamchatka. The minimum number of days with snow is marked in Sochi, but only 10 km from the Red Polyana - on the Achishho Ridge, the height of snow can be 10 m.
Wind direction in meteorology is defined as a direction where the wind blows, whereas in air navigation - where it blows: thus the values \u200b\u200bdiffer 180 °. The simplest device to establish the direction of the wind is vane. The wind indicators installed at airports are capable of, except for the direction, to approximately show wind speed, depending on which the slope of the device changes.
Wind speed on meteorological stations of most countries of the world is usually measured at an altitude of 10 m and averaged in 10 minutes.
A typical way of presenting data in winds is atlases and winds of winds. These atlases are usually compiled for climatological studies and may contain information as an average speed and the relative frequency of the winds of each speed in the region.
Barrow Island, Australia
On April 10, 1996, the automatic meteorological station located there has registered the wind gusts up to 408 kilometers per hour. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), these are the strongest wind gusts in the entire history of observations.
This serious record was delivered using the Olivia tropical cyclone. Tropical cyclones are rotating areas of storm winds. They arise when warm and wet air rises from the surface of the ocean and forms a low pressure weather system.
Oklahoma, USA
Tornado is a rotating vertical vortex forming between the lower edge of the thunderclouds and the surface of the Earth. If there was water instead of the Earth below, then such a vortex is called Water Solochi. Tornado - "The most fierce of all atmospheric storms," \u200b\u200bbelieved in the National Laboratory for the Study of Storms located in the city of Norman in the American state of Oklahoma.
On April 27, 2011, 207 tornadoes were registered there during one day. In Oklahoma WMO noted the highest wind speed for the vortex of this type: 486 kilometers per hour. It happened on May 3, 1999 in the Bridge Creek area. Although tornadoes can accelerate the wind to the unprecedented force, they will not last long.
South ocean
Unlike the northern hemisphere, in the southern on the way the prevailing Western winds are almost no continents - therefore the wind can accelerate without interference to a speed of over 150 kilometers per hour. This is a lot, but even a little further to the south is a continent who was recognized as the most thoughtful on Earth for more than a century ago.
Antarctica
From February 1912 to December 1913, scientists measured the wind speed at Cape Denison at the Sea of \u200b\u200bCommonwealth in the east of Antarctica. And to this day it is believed that of all weather stations that are at sea level, this is located in the most thoughtful place. On July 6, 1913, a record for the average strength of the wind was registered at this station: it amounted to 153 km / h, but this is the version of the Air Force. But according to Wikipedia and other sources, over the sea of \u200b\u200bthe Commonwealth, the fastest constant winds are blowing - 320 km / h.
According to the scale of the Beaufort scale, widely used to estimate the wind speed, on average at Cape Denison, the weather is regarded as a storm. Sir Douglas Muson, who headed the expedition to Cape Denison, wrote: "The climate is essentially a year-round Purga and a blizzard: a hurricane wind roars weeks, interrupting only occasionally for a couple of hours." The combination of the strongest winds and minus temperatures significantly makes it difficult to measure the forces of catabathic winds.
In Japan, Kamikadze - "The Divine Wind" - was considered a gift of the gods. That was the way two typhunas were named, which were repurchased by Japan from the Mongolian invasion of 1274 and 1281.
Two other famous storms are common name "Protestant wind". One of them delayed and significantly damaged the ships of the Spanish "invincible Armada" during the attack on England in 1588, which led to the defeat of Armada and the establishment of English domination at the sea. The other did not give English ships the opportunity to get out of the harbors in 1688, which helped Wilhelm Orange to land in England and conquer her.
During the Egyptian Campaign of Napoleon, French soldiers were significantly injured from dust storms, who brought a deserted ham Hamsin: if the locals had time to hide, the French knocked in dust unusual to these winds. Hamsin stopped the battle several times and during World War II, when visibility was reduced almost to zero, and the electrical discharges were applied to the use of compasses.
There are even more powerful winds that are really not on our planet:
- on Jupiter wind speed can reach 600 km / h;
- in uranium wind speed reaches a up to900 km / h;
- at Neptune, the speed of 1138 km / h was recorded, - though the atmosphere temperature was 220 degrees Celsius;
- Finally, the strongest winds blow on Saturn. Their speed reaches 1,800 km / h.
Sources:
www.bbc.com/russian/science/2015/10/1510 26_VERT_EAR_Where_is_The_Windiest_Place_ On_Earth.
ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/verter
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The fastest wind in the world registered the expert commission on April 10, 1996. The gust of the wind reached its record mark on the island of Barrow, in Australia. At this time, the Olivia cyclone was held here.
Wind speed on the island reached 408 kilometers per hour. For comparison, the average wind speed in the world reaches 15 kilometers per hour.
Before that, the fastest wind in the world was considered a stream that was caught in New Hampshire on Mount Washington. This place today is considered one of the most unfriendly on the planet. Before the new record was recorded in 1996, the American wind in New Hampshire was considered the most powerful flow of about 70 years.
Wind speed on top of Mount Washington reached 372 kilometers per hour.
Despite these anomalies of the planet, today the overall weakening of winds around the world is recorded. Researchers analyzed 800 meteorological stations for the last 3 dozen years. It turned out that today the wind speed indicators decreased by 15%. That is, if earlier air flows went at a speed of 17 km / h, today it is 14 km / h today.
What is the reason? Scientists believe that one of the main causes of such indicators is the restoration of forests due to the acute environmental situation. But no one flies off with and global warming.
What threatens? But the consequences of such changes may be negative for humans. For example, researchers suggested that the slowdown of wind streams can lead to air pollution, as well as a sharp reduction in the spread of seeds on the ground. Not to mention the fact that wind power plants will now produce significantly less energy. The world also appeared the strangest clouds.
Supported: Find out whether a pole change will occur in 2012 and what it threatens humanity.
There are several places that are desperately fighting the title of windy terrain on the planet Earth. However, it turns out that nature is trying to preserve some of their secrets, and the wind is not so easy to measure, and the title of windy place depends on the definition of "windiness".
Island Barrow
Located north-west of the shores of Australia, this small island experienced gusts of the strongest winds. In 1996, April 10, the meteorological station recorded the strongest in the history of the gust of the wind, whose speed reached 408 km per hour. This gust of the wind came on the wings of the tropical cyclone Olivia.
Tropical cyclones are formed when raising warm, wet air from the surface of the seas and oceans. They are accompanied by abundant precipitation and wind power winds. Tropical cyclones are capable of maintaining their power only over large aquatic arrays, such as outdoor seas and oceans. Islands are especially strong from such weather phenomena. Such a cyclone in the northern hemisphere is called Typhoon, and over the waters of the Atlantic Ocean - Hurricane.
Despite the fact that Cyclone Olivia brought the strongest impulse of the wind, he is still not the strongest cyclone. Usually the power of the cyclone is determined by the continuous power of the wind. According to meteorological data, Typhoon Nancy became the champion, the continuous strength of the wind of which in 1961 reached 146 km per hour. Nancy caused 170 people in Japan's death.
All the same cyclones are not champions on the strength of the wind. Even more destructive gusts occur during tornadoes and tornado. Thus, one of the windy places in the world is located in the very center of the United States.
Oklahoma
Tornado in Russian often called Solochi, it is a air column that connects the thunderstorm cloud with the Earth. According to many meteorologists, tornadoes are the strongest and destructive of all atmospheric vortices and storms.
Such a weather phenomenon like a tornado, can happen anywhere, but most often they appear in the United States. Southeast States even got the title "Alley Tornado". In 2011, the "Alley" served as a arena for the formation of 207 individuals in a period of 24 hours.
In 1999, on May 3, in the state of Oklahoma, the highest speed of the Tornado, which reached 486 km per hour was recorded.
Despite the high wind speeds in the tornado, this weather phenomenon is usually relatively short, but there is a place in which you may encounter a strong wind at any time of the year.
South ocean
So conventionally referred to the water of three oceans - Indian, quiet and atlantic, which are washed by the shores of Antarctica. Increasingly, among experts, the separation of the World Ocean is not on the usual four aqueous arrays, but five, when they determine the southern ocean a separate role.
Any traveler or researcher who has made around the world swimming will inform you that the water of the Southern Ocean is the most restless. Starting from 40 ° lard, winds become especially cruel and strong. Gusts are also enhanced by the fact that air flows are not interrupted by continents and major islands. Thus, the continuous strength of the wind in the southern ocean can reach 160 km per hour.
Although this force is enough to recognize the Southern Ocean of one of the windy places, a little south of restless waters lies continent, whose air flows brought him the title of the most windy 100 years ago.
Antarctica
The wind in Antarctica is unusual - it is called catabathic, or falling. Due to the form of the continent, the dense air flows are descended over the ice slopes, which makes the wind not only strong, but also unusually cold.
The form of the continent is very similar to the dome, the wind blows from the top towards the coastline with a slope to the left due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The strength of the winds of the wind on the most southern continent is regularly measured from December 1913. The most windy hour in the history of Antarctica was July 6, 1913, when the power of air flow reached 153 km per hour.
However, it is very difficult to measure the power of the catabathic wind, especially in Antarctica, where the temperature never rises above the zero. First, strong air flows due to their density are easily breaking equipment, secondly, even if some measuring stations and pillars remain intact, they are often leaving.
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