Normal human body temperature is 36.6 degrees. Therefore, all that is higher, it automatically perceives how hot. The only question is how much hot. For example, the souls with a temperature of 40 degrees gives pleasure, but 45 skin does not tolerate. Hot tea at a temperature of 45-50 degrees warms and relaxes, but at 60-70 - can already burn.
But these values \u200b\u200bare only slightly different from the normal body temperature, while even on our planet, usual and cozy, they can be significantly higher. And if you want to know when and where the highest temperature on Earth was recorded, read this article.
Air
In the summer in Russia, the temperature does not everywhere reaches even 30-35 degrees, but it is perceived by many as a branch of hell.
At the same time, on our planet there are places where how hotter. For example, in the Libyan Desert at the surface of the Earth in 2005, a temperature of 70.1 degrees was recorded. Barefoot was simply impossible to walk on her physically. Yes, and to be in the sun with such weather is not very nice. The shadow was not much better - about 60 degrees.
But this weather has a big plus. With this weather, it is quite possible to do without a kitchen: warm water up to 60-65 degrees to brew green tea, fry scrambled eggs on a car hood, make hot sandwiches with melted cheese. But with such weather, it is unlikely that someone wants a hot tea and a shine fried eggs. Here more ice cream and ice water will fit.
Water
But even such high temperatures may seem only temporary inconvenience, compared to how much water can be heated. And speech now is not about gentle warmth of the sea or a small heated robust. We will tell about their older brothers - geysers.
These underground sources are pulled out into air, carrying the heat of deep layers. As a result, even in cold countries and during the cold season, their temperature can reach impressive temperatures. Many such sources in Iceland, where enterprising locals decided to use them for heating cities.
The main thing is not to approach it too close.
Some are organized by healing (and most importantly - warm) bathing, but some do not recommend approaching close. For example, the source of deildartunguhver even in the winter is located near the boiling point. The temperature of the water in it is 97 degrees. A person just welds in it, but some bacteria feel quite comfortable.
the fire
Of course, neither the air nor water can at its temperature compare with the third element - fire. And his on earth is also enough.
Volcanoes are one of the most beautiful phenomena of nature. And one of the most terrible too. The basis of the eruption is lava - rock formations molten to liquid state. In fact, Lava is liquid from the heat of the stones.
The lava temperature may vary depending on the composition, pressure, type of volcanoes and other parameters. The hottest in the world is Hawaiian, in which the lava can reach a temperature of 1200 degrees. For comparison, the flame obtained from the burning of natural gas has about this temperature.
Land
But, of course, the highest temperature is fixed yet not on the surface of the earth, but in its very center. The monstrous pressure causes a sharp increase in temperature. There are no longer stones, but also metals. Actually, from the liquid metal and consists of the central part of our planet. The conditions there are so different from our usual, that in their physical properties this metal is rather reminiscent of water.
But if you still overcome this resistance and drop even deeper, you can stumble upon something dense - on the solid metal central part of the planet. This is the kernel and has the highest possible temperature of 6000 degrees Celsius. There was nothing hot on the planet.
Plasma
There was no man appeared yet. He was not suitable for the maximum for normal elements of the temperature, and he decided to create something, even more hot - plasma. In fact, the plasma is the fourth aggregate state of any substance heated above the gaseous state. Perhaps the only example is the discharge of lightning.
But if the plasma is found in nature, then people managed to create something more hotter - a quark gluon plasma. In the universe, she existed only a few moments after a large explosion, and man managed to recreate it in a large hedron Collider. True, the same fractions of seconds, but even enough them to fix the highest temperature - 10 trillion degrees.
With such a heat, it is not melted that stones or metal, molecules, atoms and even their kernels are melted into a uniform broth from basic elementary particles - quarks and gluons.
So far, this is an absolute fixed maximum not only for our planet, but also for the universe. Of course, if there is no civilization somewhere, which is also engaged in the study of the physics of elementary particles. Then, perhaps, they managed to conquer or even surpass this line. After all, with the existing laws of physics, there can be only an absolute minimum temperature (-273 Celsius, when interatomic processes are freezed), but not a maximum.
Despite the fact that humanity has examined the Earth along and across, scientists continue to make discoveries forcing to rewrite textbooks. Here, American researchers from the University of Colorado in Boulder contributed -
they found out that the temperature in Antarctica is capable of sinking almost to -100 ° C.
On the opening of a new temperature record, they told in the article in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. .
Previously, the lowest fixed temperature in Antarctica was -93 ° C, these data were obtained in 2013. The new record, like the previous one, was installed in the eastern part of the mainland. Researchers discovered it by studying the indicators of satellites that fix temperature changes in Antarctica and verify the results with these ground meteorological stations.
Now the lowest temperature on Earth is officially -98 ° C. Temperature record was established on July 31, 2010.
"I have never been in such a cold and hopefully, I will never," Doyle Rice shares, one of the researchers. -
They say, there every breath brings pain and need to be extremely careful not to frozen the throat and lungs when breathing. It is much colder than in Siberia or in Alaska. "
"Such a temperature can be felt on the poles of Mars on a clear summer day," compares the Ted Skabos, the lead author of the study.
The temperature is lowered so low in ice "pockets" with a depth of three meters.
Scientists used terra and Aqua satellites data, as well as measuring the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Studies of Ocean and Atmospheric Studies in 2004-2016. The greatest temperature differences, as it turned out, occur in the southern hemisphere at night in June-August. Temperature below -90 ° C is registed regularly.
The researchers also identified the conditions conducive to the establishment of a temperature minimum: a clear sky, a light breeze and extremely dry air. Even the minimum content of water vapor in the air contributes to its heating, although not strong.
"In this area, at certain periods, the air is very dry, and it allows the snow easier to give heat," explains the scabos.
The temperature record was noted at once at several points at a distance of hundreds of kilometers from each other. This forced the researchers to think about whether there is a limit for cooling?
"It all depends on how long the conditions are preserved, allowing the air to cool, and how much in the atmosphere of water vapor," said Skabos.
Extremely dry and cold air lowers in ice pockets and is becoming colder and colder until weather conditions change. According to the researchers, the temperature can fall and even lower, it is easy for this very much clear and dry days in a row.
If this record will be able to beat, then it is clearly no soon, the authors of the work are considered. Increasing the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and in connection with this, an increase in the amount of water steam does not contribute to the emergence of the conditions necessary for this.
"Observation of processes on which the low temperature of the air and the surface of the Earth depends, shows that in the future we will fix extremely low temperatures less often," the researchers write.
Researchers note that the data obtained is indicators recorded remotely. The lowest temperature registered on the ground meteorological station was -89.2 ° C. It was recorded on July 21, 1983 at the Soviet Antarctic Station "Vostok".
Due to the fact that modern data was obtained from satellites, and not directly, some researchers refuse to recognize their significance.
"East" is still the coldest place on Earth, "Professor of the Geography of Arizona University and a specialist of the World Meteorological Organization of Randy Cherven. - Remote sensing was used here, not standard meteorological stations, so we do not recognize these results in the World Meteorological Organization. "
In the US, the lowest temperature was recorded on Alaska in the settlement of Prospect Creek. The temperature record established on January 23, 1971 was -80 ° C.
It was obtained at the center of the explosion of thermonuclear bomb - about 300 ... 400 million ° C. The maximum temperature achieved during the controlled thermonuclear reaction on the testing thermonuclear installation of the Tokamak in the Princeton Laboratory of Plasma Physics, the United States, in June 1986, is 200 million ° C.
The lowest temperature
The absolute zero on the Kelvin scale (0 K) corresponds to -273.15 ° on the Celsius scale or -459,67 ° on the Fahrenheit scale. The lowest temperature, 2 · 10 -9 k (two-ceular part of the degree) above the absolute zero, was achieved in a two-step cryostat of nuclear demagnetization in the laboratory of low temperatures of the Helsinki Technological University, Finland, a group of scientists under the direction of Professor Ollie Loneasmaa (born in 1930. ) What was announced in October 1989
The miniature thermometer
Dr. Frederick Sax, Biophysician from the State University of New York, Buffalo, USA, designed a microtermometer for measuring the temperature of individual living cells. The diameter of the thermometer tip is 1 micron, i.e. 1/50 Part of the diameter of the human hair.
The biggest barometer
Water barometer 12 m height was designed in 1987 by Berth Borla, the keeper of the Museum of Barometers in MartenSoney, the Netherlands, where it is installed.
The greatest pressure
As reported in June 1978, in the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institute, Washington, USA, the highest constant pressure of 1.70 megabar (170 GPa) was obtained in a giant hydraulic press with a diamond coating (170 GPa). It was also announced that in this laboratory on March 2, 1979, hard hydrogen was obtained under a pressure of 57 kilobar. Metallic hydrogen is expected to be a silver-white metal with a density of 1.1 g / cm 3. According to the calculations of physicists G.K. Mao and P.M. Bella, for this experiment at 25 ° C, a pressure of 1 megabar will be required.
In the USA, as reported in 1958, when using dynamic methods with shock speeds of about 29 thousand km / h, an instant pressure of 75 million atm was obtained. (7 thousand GPa).
The highest speed
In August 1980, it was reported that in the US Navy Research Laboratory, Washington, USA, the plastic disk was overclocked to 150 km / s. This is the maximum speed with which a solid visible object has ever been moving.
The most accurate scales
The most accurate scales in the world - "Sartorius-4108" - were made in Gottingen, Germany, it is possible to weigh objects to 0.5 g with an accuracy of 0.01 μg, or 0.000000 g, which corresponds to approximately 1/60 weight Typographic paint spent on the point at the end of this offer.
The largest bubble camera
The world's largest bubble camera worth $ 7 million. It was built in October 1973 in Weston, Illinois, USA. It has 4.57 m in diameter, accommodates 33 thousand liters of liquid hydrogen at a temperature of -247 ° C and is equipped with a superconducting magnet that creates a field of 3 TLs.
The fastest centrifuge
Ultracentrifuga was invented by theodor of Swedberg (1884 ... 1971), Sweden, in 1923
The highest rotational speed obtained by a person makes 7250 km / h. With such a speed, as reported on January 24, 1975, a 15.2 cm conical carbon fiber rod in Birmingham University rotates in a vacuum in Birmingham University, United Kingdom.
The most accurate cross section
As reported in June 1983, a high-precision diamond lathe in the National Laboratory. Lawrence in Livermore, California, USA, can thump human hair through 3 thousand times. The cost of the machine is 13 million dollars.
The most powerful electric current
The most powerful electric current was generated in the Los Alamosa Scientific Laboratory, New Mexico, USA. With a simultaneous discharge of a 4032 capacitor, combined into the Zeus supercapacitor, for several microseconds give a greater electrical current than the Earth generated by all energy installations.
The hottest flames
The hottest flame is obtained when combustion of carbon subnithride (C 4 N 2), giving 1 atm. Temperature 5261 K.
The highest measured frequency
The highest frequency that the unarmed eye perceives is the frequency of yellow-green light oscillations, equal to 520,206 808 5 terahertz (1 terahertz - a million millions of hertz), corresponding to the transition line 17 - 1 p (62) iodine-127.
The highest frequency measured using instruments is the frequency of green light oscillations, equal to 582,491,03 THz for B 21 component R (15) 43 - 0 iodine-127 transition lines. By the decision of the General Conference of the measures and the scales adopted on October 20, 1983, for accurate meter expression (M) using the speed of light ( c.) It is established that "the meter is a path taken by light in vacuo for the time interval, equal to 1/299792458 seconds." As a result, the frequency ( f.) and the wavelength (λ) turns out to be related addiction f.·λ = c..
The weakest friction
The lowest dynamic and static friction coefficient for solid body (0.02) has polytetrafluoroethylene (C 2 F 4N), called PTFE. It is equal to friction of wet ice about wet ice. This substance was first obtained in a sufficient number of American firm "E.I. Dupont de Nemur "in 1943 and exported from the US called Teflon. American and Western European housewives adore pancro and frying pan with a non-stick teflon coating.
In the University of Virginia, USA, a 10 -6 mm Mercury post at a speed of 1000 rev / s rotates the rotor with a mass of 13.6 kg supported by a magnetic field. It loses only 1 rp / s per day and will rotate for many years.
The smallest hole
A hole with a diameter of 40 angstroms (4 · 10 -6 mm) was able to see on the JEM 100C electronic microscope using the device "Kwantel Electronics" in the Department of Metallurgy of the University of Oxford, United Kingdom, October 28, 1979 to detect a similar hole as much as finding a pin head in Stack of hay with sides of 1.93 km.
In May 1983, an electron microscope beam in Illinois University, the United States, by chance, is a sodium-diameter of 2 · 10 -9 m in a sodium beta-aluminate sample.
The most powerful laser rays
For the first time to highlight the other heavenly body of the beam of the light managed on May 9, 1962; Then the beam of light reflected from the surface of the moon. It was directed by a laser (an amplifier of light based on forced radiation), the accuracy of the sight was coordinated by 121.9 cm by a telescope established at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. On the lunar surface was illuminated by a stain with a diameter of about 6.4 km. The laser was proposed in 1958 by Americans Charles Townz (born in 1915). The light pulse of this power with duration 1/5000 will be able to burn diamond due to its evaporation at temperatures up to 10,000 ° C. Such a temperature is created 2 · 10 23 photons. As reported, Shiva laser installed in the laboratory them. Louurenza in Livermore, California, USA, was able to concentrate the light beam with a power of about 2.6 · 10 13 W on the sample size with a pin head for 9.5 · 10 -11 s. This result was obtained at the experiment on May 18, 1978.
Brighter light
The most bright sources of artificial light are laser pulses, which were generated in the national laboratory of Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA, in March 1987 by Dr. Robert Gram. The power of the outbreak of ultraviolet light with a duration of 1 picosecond (1 · 10 -12 c) was 5 · 10 15 W.
The most powerful source of permanent light is the High Pressure Argon Argon Lamp with a capacity of 313 kW and the power of Light 1.2 million Candela, manufactured by VEKET Industries in Vancouver, Canada, in March 1984
The most powerful searchlight was produced during World War II, in 1939 ... 1945, the company "General Electric". It was designed in the Scientific Research Center Hurst, London. With a power consumption of 600 kW, he gave an arc brightness of 46,500 cd / cm 2 and the maximum intensity of the beam is 2700 million kD from a parabolic mirror with a diameter of 3.04 m.
The shortest pulse of light
Charles Shank with colleagues in the laboratories of the company "Amerikan Phone and Telegraph" (ATT), New Jersey, USA, received a pulse of light with a duration of 8 femtoseconds (8 · 10 -15 c), which was announced in April 1985. Pulse Length 4 ... 5 wavelengths of visible light waves, or 2.4 μm.
The most durable light bulb
The average incandescent light is lit for 750 ... 1000 hours. There is information that released by Shelby Electric and recently demonstrated by Mr. Bernell in the Fire Office of Livermora, California, USA, the first time gave light in 1901.
The most severe magnet
The world's most difficult magnet has a diameter of 60 m and weighs 36 thousand tons. It was made for a synchrophasotron capacity of 10 TEV installed in the United Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna, Moscow Region.
The largest electromagnet
The world's largest electromagnet is part of the L3 detector used in experiments on a large electron-positron collider (LEP) of the European Council of Nuclear Research, Switzerland. An electromagnet of the 8-coal form consists of a yarma made of 6400 tons of low carbon steel, and an aluminum coil weighing 1100 tons. Elements of the Yarma, weighing up to 30 tons each, were manufactured in the USSR. The coil made in Switzerland consists of 168 turns stripped with electric welding on an 8-coal frame. The current by force of 30 thousand A and passing through the aluminum coil, creates a magnetic field with a capacity of 5 kilogauss. The dimensions of the electromagnet, superior to the height of the 4-storey building, are 12x12x12 m, and the total weight is 7810 tons. The manufacture has left more metal than to build.
Magnetic fields
The most powerful permanent field of 35.3 ± 0.3 Tesla was obtained in the National Magnetic Laboratory. Francis Beitter in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, May 26, 1988. To obtain it, a hybrid magnet with Holmian poles was used. Under its impact, the magnetic field created by heart and the brain was intensified.
The weakest magnetic field was measured in the shielded room of the same laboratory. Its value was 8 · 10 -15 Tesla. It was used by Dr. David Coen for the study of extremely weak magnetic fields created by the heart and the brain.
The most powerful microscope
The raster tunneling microscope (STM) was invented in the research laboratory of IBM in Zurich in 1981, it makes it possible to achieve an increase of 100 million times and distinguish between the parts to 0.01 of the atom diameter (3 · 10-10 m). They argue that the dimensions of the raster tunneling microscopes of the 4th generation will not exceed the size of the thimble.
With the help of methods of field ionic microscopy, the tips of probes of scanning tunneling microscopes are made in such a way that at their end there was one atom - the last 3 layers of the pyramid-created hands consist of 7, 3 and 1 atom in July 1986. Representatives of the Laboratory of the Concern "Bell Phone Systems ", Marry Hill, New Jersey, USA, stated that they managed to transfer a single atom (most likely, Germany) of the tungsten tip of the probe of a raster tunneling microscope into a Germany surface. In January 1990, such an operation was repeated by D. Eigler and E. Schweitzer from IBM research center, San Jose, California, USA. Using the scanning tunneling microscope, they laid out the word IBM. Single xenon atoms moved to a nickel surface.
The most loud noise
The loudest noise obtained in laboratory conditions was equal to 210 dB, or 400 thousand ac. Watts (acoustic watts), NASA reported. It was obtained due to the reflection of sound with a reinforced concrete test bench with a size of 14.63 m and the foundation of a depth of 18.3 m, intended for testing the Saturn V rocket, in the center of space flights. Marshall, Huntsville, Alabama, USA, in October 1965, a sound wave of such strength could be drilled holes in solid materials. Noise was heard within 161 km.
The smallest microphone
In 1967, Professor Ibrahim Kavrak from the University of Bogatichi, Istanbul, Turkey, created a microphone for a new method of measuring pressure in the fluid flow. Its frequency range is from 10 Hz to 10 kHz, dimensions - 1.5 mm x 0.7 mm.
The highest nota
The highest of the received notes has a frequency of 60 gigahertz. It was generated by a laser beam aimed at Sapphire Crystal, in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, in September 1964
The most powerful accelerator of particles
Proton synchrotron with a diameter of 2 km in the national acceleration laboratory. Fermi east of Bantavia, Illinois, USA, is the most powerful accelerator of nuclear particles in the world. On May 14, 1976, it was first obtained by the energy of about 500 GeV (5 · 10 11 electron-volt). On October 13, 1985, it was obtained from the collision of the beams of protons and antiprotons in the system of the mass center of 1.6 GeV (1.6 · 10 11 electron volt). To do this, it took 1000 superconducting magnets operating at a temperature of -268.8 ° C, supported using the world's largest helium liquefaction unit with a capacity of 4500 l / h, improving April 18, 1980
Posted by Crno (European Organization of Nuclear Research) The goal is to ensure the collision of the beams of protons and antiprotons in proton synchrotrone on ultra-high energy (SPS) with an energy of 270 GeV · 2 \u003d 540 GeV - was achieved in Geneva, Switzerland, at 4 h 55 min of the morning on July 10 1981. This energy is equivalent to that that is distinguished by the collision of protons with energy of 150 thousand GeV, with a fixed target.
The US Department of Energy on August 16, 1983 subsidized the study on the creation of a superconducting superclylider (SSC) with a diameter of 83.6 km on the energy of two proton-antiprotonic beams in 20 TEV. White House approved this project worth $ 6 billion on January 30, 1987
The most quiet place
"Deadroom", the size of 10.67 x 8.5 m in the Laboratory of Belle Phone Systems Concern, Marri Hill, New Jersey, USA, is the most sound-absorbing room in the world in which 99.98% of the reflected sound disappears .
The most acute items and the smallest tubes
The most sharp objects made by the hands of a person are glass tubes of micropipettes used in experiments with alternate cell tissues. The technology of their manufacturing was developed and proceeded by Professor Kennet T. Brown and Dale J. Flaming at the Department of Physiology University of California in San Francisco in 1977. They received conical tips of tubes with an outer diameter of 0.02 μm and an internal diameter of 0.01 μm . The latter was 6500 times thinner.
The smallest artificial subject
On February 8, 1988, Texas Instrument, Dallas, Texas, USA, announced that she managed to produce "quantum dots" from India and Galli arsenide with a diameter of only 100 million dollars.
The highest vacuum
It was obtained at the IBM Research Center. Thomas J. Watson, Yorktown-Heights, New York, USA, in October 1976 in the cryogenic system with temperatures up to -269 ° C and was equal to 10 -14 Torr. This is equivalent to the fact that the distance between molecules (the size of the tennis ball) has increased from 1 m to 80 km.
The lowest viscosity
The California Institute of Technology, USA, announced on December 1, 1957, that liquid helium-2 at temperatures close to the absolute zero (-273,15 ° C) does not have viscosity, i.e. It has perfect fluidity.
The highest voltage
On May 17, 1979, in the corporation "Neshnl Electrostatiks", Ok-Ridge, Tennessee, USA, was obtained in the laboratory, the highest difference in electrical potentials. It was 32 ± 1.5 million V.
Guinness Book of Records, 1998
Our land is amazingly beautiful. We have the opportunity to enjoy her beauty every day, use it with gifts. But there are places where a person begins to realize how much he is a pity before the greatness of nature. For example, the hottest regions of the planet. Often record temperature on earth People with difficulty can measure and fix - "bake" is simply unbearable! So, the hottest journey through the planet Earth begins.
The first stop will be. To date, this city is a ghost. From 1960 to 1966, the average annual temperature indicator reached here +34,4 ° С, what is the record today. The heat in Dallol is holding almost a whole year. This place is also known due to its hydrothermal sources. In Dallol, located near the Afar pit, there is a constant volcanic activity. Alien landscapes near the volcano look just fantastic!
Next, go in. In the early autumn of 1922 in the El Azizya region was recorded record temperature on earth - +57,7 ° С. However, he is not recognized officially due to errors in the dimension. Interestingly, this place is located near the Mediterranean Sea.
The temperature puts world records and in. The air temperature in the oasis of Kebali desert is up to +55 ° С.
High temperature indicators are fixed in the United Arab Emirates. meet you incredible heat, with air temperature +56 ° С. The rain is here - very rarity, the level of precipitation never exceeds 3 cm. This desert is very unwritten.
California in the United States is also ready to compete for a record of temperature on Earth. I purchased the name for your dry and hot air - "Death Valley". This place is recognized as a global meteorological organization by world record holder with a maximum +56,7 ° С. It is surprising that some kinds of animals live in the "valley of death". Fox, lynx and many rodents are getting out of the mink. Very beautiful is the valley during the rain. During this period, it is covered with different colors. This is a very mysterious place where the stones are unknown, leaving traces of their movements.
Speaking O. records Temperature on EarthYou can't miss Australia. This continent is the most arid. Most are a desert. In 2003, the temperature was recorded in the region +69,3 ° C on the surface.
In Israel, high temperature indicators were also noted. , famous for unbearable heat. In 1942, a record air temperature for all Asia was recorded here. +53,9 ° С.
it is another "hot spot" on our planet. The terrain is very picturesque - spectacular ravines from red sand spread here. NASA satellite measured in the mountain system Tien Shan temperature +66,8 ° C on the surface.
The residents suffer from permanent heat, which is in. Here still keep the collections of ancient manuscripts. Unfortunately, the element makes its own adjustments: many streets remove sand, huge dunes are formed. Aboriginal does not give rest permanent heat. Air temperature here reaches values +55 ° С. The only salvation for local residents from the unbearable heat is the Niger River, which flows 24 kilometers from the city.
And finally recall. From 2004 to 2009, this desert has installed not one absolute record temperature on earth. In 2005, in the desert, Diaten-Lout was measured the highest temperature indicator on the surface of our planet - +70,7 ° С.
A record low temperature for all the time of observations on Earth was recorded in Antarctica on the Russian station East on July 21, 1983. The temperature of -89.2 ° C was measured by polar explorers and was listed in the observation log. This record has not broken for a long time. In December 2013, 30 years later, US scientists reported on the opening of the region in Antarctica, where the temperature is often set below the record. According to them, in this area, the temperature can reach extreme values \u200b\u200bto -93.2 ° C.
According to the latest NASA data, the region with the lowest temperature is high in the Antarctica mountains between the vertices of Argus and Fuji East Antarctic Plato. Research and measurements were carried out using the Landset 8 satellite.
The assumption that in Antarctica there are areas with a temperature below a fixed minimum, an American researchers emerged after, with a thoroughly close consideration of the Eastern Plateau, faults were found in the snow dunes. At the first stage of the measurement studies were carried out from satellites using a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and a highly sensitive AVHRR radiometer (The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer). Extremely low temperatures were fixed on a ridge of 620 miles between the vertices of Argus and Fuji, even lower temperatures - the ridge pockets. Then the measurement continued to continue the more sensitive infrared radiometer Tirs (Thermal Infrared Sensor), installed on board a new Landset 8 satellite. With it, measurements were carried out the lowest temperature on the ground.
[Image from NASA website]
Scientists tried not only to fix the low temperature, but also to explain its origin. It was observed that the temperature intensively falls in the conditions of pure sky when the earth gives heat into space. This creates a super cooled air layer on the vertices above the surface of snow and ice. This layer is more dense and heavy, so it can slip from the vertices on the plateau, after which the air falls into the ridge pockets, as a trap and cooled even stronger. In fact, scientists have found no points, but a whole high-altitude region in the Antarctic, in which the temperature often reaches extremely low values.
It should be noted that the lowest temperature on Earth -93.2 ° C is not included in the Guinness Book of Records, since the measurements were carried out by contactless method from the LandSat 8 satellite, and not a contact thermometer. (True, the question arises, was the contact thermometer, which measured the temperature on the basis of the East?). Nevertheless, new data on extreme temperatures on Earth confirmed the presence of very cold zones in Antarctica.
Some information about Landset 8. The LandSet 8 research satellite is designed not only for measuring the surface temperature of the Earth. It was launched on February 11, 2013 and now makes about 550 shots of the surface of the Earth's very high resolution in one day. Moreover, USGS processes pictures, archives them and distributes absolutely free on the Internet. With the help of Landset 8, you can track any changes associated with natural phenomena and human activity. In order to learn more about the state of our planet, go to the Landset 8 website.
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