The mushroom season in the forests near St. Petersburg is considered to be from August to November, but edible mushrooms can be found Leningrad region almost all year round.
And so - you gathered your courage, stocked up on tools, got acquainted with and even learned! Let's figure out whether you got ready for the forest on time. We look at the mushroom picker's calendar for the most popular edible mushrooms known in the forests of the Leningrad region.
| Mushroom picker calendar | ||
| Collection month | Types of mushrooms | Collection Features |
| January | Oyster mushroom | For mushroom pickers, this is the emptiest month; there is practically nothing to look for in the forest. But if the winter is warm, you can find fresh oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms usually grow on trees, the cap of such a mushroom is one-sided or rounded, the plates run down to the stem, as if growing to it. Distinguish oyster mushroom from inedible mushrooms It’s not difficult - it has a cap that is not leathery to the touch at all. |
| February | Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms | If there is no thaw, there is practically nothing to look for in the forest |
| March | Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms, talker | There are practically no mushrooms, but at the end of the month the first snowdrops may appear. |
| April | Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms, govorushka, morel, stitch | Snowdrop mushrooms – morels and stitches – are quite common |
| May | Morel, stitch, oiler, oyster mushroom, raincoat | Most mushrooms can be found not under trees, but in clearings, in thick grass. |
| June | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey fungus, chanterelle, White mushroom, raincoat | In June, mushrooms of the highest category begin to appear. |
| July | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, puffball, honey fungus, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, moss mushroom | There are already quite a lot of mushrooms - both in the clearings and under the trees. In addition to mushrooms, strawberries and |
| August | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey fungus, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, moss mushroom | At this time, mushrooms can be found almost everywhere: in the grass, under trees, near stumps, in ditches and on trees, and even in city squares and on the sides of roads. In addition to mushrooms, it is already ripe, and appears in swamps. |
| September | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey fungus, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, moss mushroom, oyster mushroom | September is the most productive month for mushrooms. But you need to be careful: autumn is coming to the forests, and in the bright foliage it is difficult to see the multi-colored mushroom caps. |
| October | Valuy, oyster mushroom, camelina, honey fungus, champignon, boletus, porcini mushroom, milk mushroom, moss mushroom, russula | The number of mushrooms in open areas - clearings - begins to decrease. In October, you need to look for mushrooms in closed places - near stumps and under trees. |
| November | Butterfly, greenfinch, oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms. | The weather is getting worse, there may be frosts in full swing, and there is a high probability of finding frozen mushrooms. |
| December | Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms | There are almost no mushrooms, but if it is fantastic Warm autumn, and even if you’re lucky, you can find leftovers from the autumn mushroom harvest. |
May your quiet hunt be successful, and may dinner in good company at home or at a recreation center be a good reminder of our northern nature.
It is usually believed that mushroom season is summer and especially the first half of autumn with drizzling but not cold rains. In fact mushroom season begins in early spring and lasts until the end of autumn.
What mushrooms to collect in autumn
With the onset of autumn cold weather, the growth of mushrooms slows down and gradually stops. In September, swamp birch, milkweed, late russula, and autumn honey fungus are collected.
In October you can find mainly pine white mushrooms and autumn oyster mushrooms. With the onset of frost, towards the end of leaf fall, the mushroom picker no longer looks into the forest.
When to pick mushrooms in spring
Start mushroom pore comes in early spring, when the very first spring mushrooms. Mushroom pickers, hungry for a quiet hunt, are eagerly awaiting them. What mushrooms appear in the forest in spring and when to collect them?
Morels are harvested in late April or early May. Morels grow mainly in deciduous forests because they love fertile soil. Mushrooms are category 3, so before stewing, frying or freezing, morels must be soaked in three times the volume of water for at least 20 minutes and then rinsed thoroughly under running water.
Raincoats
After morels comes the time for raincoats. You can find raincoats in clearings, meadows and even on roads. Raincoats appear immediately after rain. Fried young puffballs are very tasty. They must be used on the day of collection. In Italy they are considered the best mushrooms. In our country they are little known and are undeservedly classified in the fourth category.
Champignon
Champignons begin to appear in May and their mushroom season lasts until autumn. So the question of when to pick champignon mushrooms is rhetorical. For your information, champignons are good both fried and in soup, because they have a pronounced mushroom aroma. Champignons also contain special substances that destroy cholesterol plaques.
When to pick mushrooms in summer
The most valuable are considered summer mushrooms. When the summer is rainy, even in hot weather The variety of mushrooms turns out to be so rich that they simply cannot be listed. All types of mushrooms that can be found in the forest in summer form their fruiting bodies until autumn. Many of them grow until autumn, but mushroom pickers like to collect them in the summer.
What mushrooms to pick in June
In June, it is most likely to find boletus and boletus in the forest. In addition, June is rich in russula and summer honey mushrooms. In the shady forests at the end of June there are a lot of chanterelles and boletuses. In the clearings and forest edges you can find a lot of champignons. At this time, you can also see pigweed and bitterweed in the forest. And after wandering around you can meet the king of mushrooms - the porcini mushroom.
boletus
In June, you can collect boletus mushrooms in the forest, which grow mainly in birch groves. All boletus mushrooms are edible mushrooms and differ slightly in nutritional quality. Boletus mushrooms are good in every way in soup, in gravy, fried, in pies. They are also tasty in marinade. It appears in the first half of summer in June, but most boletus mushrooms are collected from the second half of August until late autumn. The boletus is the closest relative of the porcini mushroom.
Boletus
Boletus takes second place among tubular mushrooms after white mushrooms; in terms of nutritional quality it belongs to the 2nd category; it is eaten boiled, fried, dried and pickled. It is also the fastest growing mushroom. It is one of the most common and famous edible mushrooms. This elegant mushroom cannot be confused with others; it also has no resemblance to any poisonous mushroom. Therefore, to the question of what mushrooms to pick in June, the answer is obvious - boletuses.
Butterflies are collected in coniferous forests. It got its name because of the oily cap that is slippery to the touch. It is used in soups, fried, salted, pickled, in sauces and side dishes; it is rarely used for drying, but is also suitable. Butter is comparatively early mushrooms, and they can be collected in cleared pine forests from the first days of June. This period lasts no more than two weeks. Then the boletus disappears and appears again somewhere in the second half of July, and grows en masse from mid-August and the first half of September.
Porcini
Beginning at the end of June, the porcini mushroom appears. The porcini mushroom grows in both deciduous forests and coniferous forests; it prefers to be friends with spruce, pine, oak and birch. It is fried and boiled fresh in soups, stewed in roasts; dried, and then prepared soups, borscht, baked pies, made mushroom caviar. Porcini mushrooms are pickled and made into various snacks. White mushroom is considered the most delicious and useful mushroom. The white mushroom is collected from mid-June to the end of September, the most mass gathering- in the second half of August.
What mushrooms to pick in July
In July, as a rule, do you collect mushrooms for pickling and pickling? July is the month of the milk mushroom harvest. Milk mushrooms are an excellent option for pickling, especially yellow ones. Volzhanka and whitefish appear in July, which are only slightly inferior to milk mushrooms. You can please yourself with the taste of saffron milk caps, of which you can collect a lot in July. Saffron milk caps are excellent in cooking.
Milk mushrooms are found in families. Real milk mushrooms grow for the most part on sandy soil, in oak, birch, pine-birch forests. They are most productive in July-August. Yellow milk mushrooms are collected in spruce forests until October. Milk mushrooms are mushrooms of the first category. Only salted ones are used. Before salting, they are soaked for at least three days in cold water, which is changed at least twice.
Many mushroom pickers put pine or pine saffron milk cap in first place. It can be found in young pine trees that grow along the grassy edges of older pine forests. Rizhik is a mushroom of the first category, one of the most delicious mushrooms. It is consumed salted, canned and pickled, retaining its bright orange color when pickled. Saffron milk caps can be collected from the end of July to the end of October.
Edible mushrooms with good taste, but small nutritional value. The chanterelle is distributed throughout all forests temperate zone Old World. The chanterelle's cap is convex or flat, funnel-shaped at maturity, with a thin, often fibrous edge, and smooth. Chanterelles are eaten pickled, salted, and can be fried without prior boiling. Fruits from July to October, often in large groups.
What mushrooms to pick in August
The end of August is the richest season for mushrooms. In August, you certainly won’t have to think about when to pick mushrooms. You can do this throughout August and early September. What mushrooms are there in August? All of the above mushrooms remain relevant for collecting in August, but do not collect overgrown ones. Young mushrooms that are fresh and not bitten by insects are suitable for food. If the mushroom is wormy, safely throw it away.
Autumn honey mushrooms
Autumn honey fungus (true) - a popular and very productive mushroom grows in large groups from late August to late autumn on stumps, roots, dead and living deciduous trunks, mainly birch, less often coniferous trees, sometimes in thickets of nettles. Honey fungus is good for preparing hot dishes, drying, salting, and pickling. For hot dishes, these mushrooms must be boiled for at least 30 minutes.
Volnushki
Grows in deciduous and mixed forests under the birches. A widespread mushroom and very productive. The first layer of heathers and violins appears at the end of July, simultaneously with the flowering of heather, the second layer - from the end of August. You need to know how to cook volnushki. They are eaten only salted. Before salting, mushrooms need to be soaked for three to four days, changing the water each time. Afterwards, rinse well and salt with spices.
Russula
Russula grows in almost all forests, in clearings, forest edges, but prefers roadsides and rare young birch forests without undergrowth. The first russula are harvested in June, but August is the most productive time for these mushrooms. Russulas with green and yellow caps are considered the most delicious. Russulas are boiled, stewed in sour cream sauce, fried, pickled, dried and salted. It is advisable to boil the mushrooms for 5-7 minutes.
Safety rules when picking mushrooms
Rules for collecting mushrooms and preserving the reproduction of mycelium when collecting mushrooms:
If you want the next time you come to famous place If you see a rich harvest of mushrooms there again, follow the rules for collecting mushrooms. Now that you know when to pick mushrooms, respect the gifts of nature. When collecting mushrooms, spare the mycelium: carefully cut the mushroom with a knife at the base and under no circumstances pull it out of the ground.
Safety rules for mushroom pickers:
If you do not identify a mushroom, it is better not to cut it - treat mushrooms with caution, because a mushroom is a very insidious product. You should only collect mushrooms that you know - those that you are confident in.
If the summer turns out to be rainy, then the mushrooms become saturated with water and become unsuitable for consumption. You should not dry such mushrooms, they still lose their taste qualities and begin to release toxins.
Upon returning home, you should sort out the mushrooms, and immediately, without delay. After sorting out the mushrooms, put them in cool salted water for an hour, this will drive out the extra guests.
Mushrooms must be carefully processed and subjected to reliable heat treatment!
How to pick mushrooms correctly
Mushrooms are collected early in the morning before the sun heats them. In this case, they can be stored for a longer time.
Do not collect old, overgrown mushrooms. They accumulate products harmful to humans and absorb from environment foreign substances.
Collected mushrooms are immediately cleaned of soil, leaves, pine needles, grass and other debris adhering to them. It is better to put mushrooms in the basket with their caps down - this way they are better preserved.
Mushroom picker equipment
So, when should we open the mushroom season and what equipment will we need? When you go mushroom picking, you'll definitely need a good sharp knife, because it is better for them to cut mushrooms without disturbing the mycelium itself, as well as a convenient long stick (indispensable when searching for mushrooms) to lift or rake leaves, as well as a basket or basket
Experienced mushroom pickers know what you need to take with you into the forest:
Mushroom basket;
- mushroom knife;
- a stick for searching for mushrooms;
- a first aid kit with bandages and disinfectants;
- water and sandwiches;
- electronic GPS navigator;
- telephone with a charged battery (Rescue Service telephone 112)
Now we know when to pick mushrooms, we figured out how to pick mushrooms correctly, we learned the safety rules when picking mushrooms, we know what mushrooms to pick in the summer, we stocked up on mushroom picking equipment. We looked at the mushroom picker's calendar and are ready to go into the forest to pick mushrooms. It remains to refresh the information on how to distinguish mushrooms. It is no secret that many poisonous mushrooms are disguised as edible ones. So, let's figure out how to distinguish edible mushrooms from inedible ones.
How to distinguish edible mushrooms
White mushrooms
Description: The porcini mushroom is distinguished by a thick and dense stalk, brown hat, white pulp, pleasant taste and smell. Porcini mushrooms are quite easy to distinguish from poisonous ones.
Danger: discoloration at the break, bitter taste. Do not confuse the white mushroom with the poisonous yellow one - its flesh turns pink when cut.
Boletus
Description: The boletus is distinguished by a dense, brown-red cap, the flesh turns blue at the break. This is how you can distinguish the edible boletus mushroom from other mushrooms.
boletus
Description: The boletus is distinguished by a white leg with bright scales, the cap is brownish on top, the cap is white below, and the flesh at the break is white. These are the main differences between edible mushrooms, so they distinguish edible boletus from inedible mushrooms.
Danger: the mushroom does not grow under its own tree.
Description: The butterdish (butterfly) has a yellow stem and the same cap with white marks on the edges and a sticky skin on top, as if greased with oil, which can be easily removed with a knife. Learn to identify poisonous mushrooms.
Danger: discoloration at the break, reddish spongy layer, bitter taste.
Mokhoviki
Description: Moss fly mushrooms have a dark green or reddish velvety cap, a yellow stem and a spongy layer. These are the main signs by which you can distinguish edible bosom mushroom from inedible mushrooms.
Danger: lack of velvety, reddish color of the spongy layer, bitter taste.
Description: Chanterelle is dense, apricot or light orange in color, the plates from under the cap smoothly turn into a dense and durable stem. A way to distinguish the edible chanterelle mushroom from inedible mushrooms.
Danger: red-orange color, empty stem.
Description: Camelina is a lamellar mushroom of the corresponding color, secreting a milky juice - orange and not bitter in taste. This is how to distinguish the edible saffron mushroom from its look-alike mushrooms.
Danger: white, bitter, acrid milky juice.
Description: Honey mushrooms are pecked by families on stumps, roots, and trunks of dead trees. The cap of the honey fungus is ocher-colored and covered with small black scales directed from the middle, underneath there are whitish plates, and on the stem there is a white ring or film.
Danger: grows on the ground, yellow or reddish cap, without scales, black, green or brown plates, no film or ring on the stem, earthy smell.
Description: Milk mushroom - a lamellar mushroom, white, with fluffy edges, white and pungent milky juice, grows in flocks next to birch trees. This way you can distinguish milk mushrooms from poisonous and inedible mushrooms.
Danger: sparse blades, sharp blueness and stone hardness at the fracture, lack of birch trees nearby.
Volnushki
Description: Volnushka is a lamellar mushroom with a shaggy pink cap, curved at the edges, white and caustic milky juice. This distinctive features waves.
Danger: the “wrong” hat - not pink, unfurled, without hairiness.
Russula
Description: Russula - lamellar mushrooms, easily break, caps different color- pink, brownish, greenish, the skin is easily removed from them. This way you can distinguish edible russula mushrooms from inedible ones.
Danger: red or brown-black cap, pink leg, reddened or darkened soft film on the leg, coarse and tough flesh, unpleasant and bitter taste.
HAPPY QUIET HUNTING!!!
The most necessary things for every mushroom picker are a mushroom picker's calendar and a mushroom guide. After checking with mushroom calendar, you can easily understand which mushrooms to pick at this particular time. Despite the fact that the timing of the appearance of a particular type of fungus is not constant and depends on weather conditions, each mushroom has its own specific start and end dates for the season. These are what the mushroom picker’s calendar for 2017 contains. If you have forgotten the main differences poisonous mushrooms from edible, be sure to refresh your memory by looking at the mushroom guide.
Mushroom picker calendar for summer
- Mushrooms in June. According to the mushroom picker’s calendar, in the first ten days of June, those who like to pick mushrooms should look for pine forest boletus, and in birch groves - boletus. In the second half of June, the mushroom season begins for white mushrooms. Pogruzdki are fruitful mushrooms; they are collected all summer and until late autumn.
- Mushrooms in July. In early July, the season of saffron milk caps begins, and at the end of the first ten days of July, the most desirable for mushroom pickers are porcini mushrooms. At the same time, according to the calendar, the first russula appear - the most harvest mushrooms. They can be found in almost any forest from July until late autumn frosts. In the second half of July, milk mushrooms and black milk mushrooms begin to be found in coniferous and mixed forests, and on the edges and forest clearings mushroom pickers are delighted with chanterelles and pigs.
- Mushrooms in August. August is considered the most mushroom month. In fruitful years, mushroom pickers in August collect porcini mushrooms, milk mushrooms, saffron milk caps, boletus mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, russula, boletus and other mushrooms in baskets. At the beginning of August, the first honey mushrooms appear, and in the middle of the month - moths and white mushrooms. Second half of August and first ten days of September - best time for collecting mushrooms.
Mushroom picker calendar for autumn
- Gibs in September. Mushroom pickers are happy in September. As the mushroom picker’s calendar says: many summer mushrooms continue to grow, at the same time mass quantity autumn mushrooms appear. In the second half of September, some species of mushrooms disappear, but honey mushrooms, volushkas, white mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, pigworts, and white cape mushrooms are still abundant.
- Mushrooms in October. At the end of October, you can postpone the mushroom picker's calendar until next year, because the mushroom season is ending. In the second ten days of October, when average daily temperature the air will drop to 4-5 degrees Celsius and night frosts will begin and the mushroom picking season will end. However, you can still find young honey mushrooms preserved under the foliage and grass of saffron milk caps, saffron milk caps and white mushrooms.
Mushroom picker calendar for 2017
The mushroom picker's phenological calendar will come to the aid of beginning mushroom pickers. The mushroom picker's calendar marks the most popular mushrooms and the period when to collect these mushrooms in the forest. Of course, everything depends on the region and the weather in each season, but the mushroom picker’s calendar fully provides some of the useful knowledge of when to pick mushrooms. You will also find it useful
| What mushrooms to collect |
When to pick mushrooms |
||||||
| April | May | June | July | August | September | October | |
| Morels | + | + | + | - | - | - | - |
| Stitches | + | + | + | - | - | - | - |
| May mushroom | - | + | + | - | - | - | - |
| Oyster mushroom | - | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Meadow honey fungus | - | - | + | + | + | + | - |
| boletus | - | - | + | + | + | + | - |
| Oiler grainy | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Summer honey fungus | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| The fox is real | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Porcini | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| Boletus | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| Pluteus deer | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| Spiky raincoat | - | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Common champignon | - | - | + | + | + | + | - |
| Field champignon | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Valuy | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Funnel talker | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| White umbrella mushroom | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Variegated umbrella mushroom | - | - | - | + | + | + | + |
| Real milk mushroom | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Poddubovik | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Ivyshen | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Loader white | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Loader black | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Fat pig | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Russula yellow, food, etc. |
- | + | + | + | + | + | - |
| Green moss | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
| Yellow hedgehog | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Ringed cap | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Larch oiler | - | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Volnushka pink | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Black breast | - | - | - | + | + | + | + |
| Spruce green camelina | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Pine mushroom | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Gray talker | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Late oiler | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Winter mushroom | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Loader black and white | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Polish mushroom | - | - | - | - | + | - | - |
| Autumn oyster mushroom | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
| Gray row | - | - | - | - | - | + | - |
| Autumn stitch | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Autumn honey fungus | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Row purple | - | - | - | - | + | + | - |
| Greenfinch | - | - | - | - | + | + | + |
| Hygrophor brown | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
Mushroom picker calendar 2017
for the Moscow region and central Russia
| Types of mushrooms | May | June | July | August | September | October | ||||||||||||
| Decades | ||||||||||||||||||
| I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III | |
| Morel | ||||||||||||||||||
| Porcini | ||||||||||||||||||
| Boletus | ||||||||||||||||||
| boletus | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chanterelle | ||||||||||||||||||
| Oiler | ||||||||||||||||||
| Mosswort | ||||||||||||||||||
| Honey fungus | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ryzhik | ||||||||||||||||||
| Volnushka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gruzd | ||||||||||||||||||
| Valuy | ||||||||||||||||||
| Russula | ||||||||||||||||||
| Champignon | ||||||||||||||||||
| Belyanka (white volnushka) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gorkushka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Greenfinch | ||||||||||||||||||
| Serushka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Kozlyak | ||||||||||||||||||
| Raincoat | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cap | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ryadovka | ||||||||||||||||||
| Violin | ||||||||||||||||||
Mushroom picker calendar 2017
for the Leningrad region and northern places of Russia
The mushroom season in the forests of the Leningrad region is from August to November. Mushroom places There are countless varieties in the Leningrad region, the main thing is to know when to pick this or that mushroom. The mushroom picker calendar for the Leningrad region will help with this. Edible mushrooms in the Leningrad region are varied: these include bright aspen mushrooms and delicious boletus mushrooms, valuable porcini and boletus mushrooms, red chanterelles, slippery boletus and moss mushrooms, as well as red mushrooms, milk mushrooms and honey mushrooms. If you check the mushroom picker’s calendar, you can pick up delicious morels, puffballs, and russula. Don’t be lazy, if the weather is right after the rain, look at the mushroom calendar and get ready for a mushroom trip. Refer to the mushroom picker calendar below for the Leningrad region.
| Mushroom picker calendar for the Leningrad region | ||
| When to pick mushrooms | What mushrooms to collect | Where to pick mushrooms |
| March | Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms, talker | There are practically no mushrooms, but at the end of the month the first snowdrops may appear. If the winter is warm, you can find fresh oyster mushrooms. Oyster mushrooms usually grow on trees, the cap of such a mushroom is one-sided or rounded, the plates run down to the stem, as if growing to it. It is not difficult to distinguish oyster mushrooms from inedible mushrooms - it has a cap that is completely leathery to the touch. |
| April | Oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms, govorushka, morel, stitch | Snowdrop mushrooms are quite common - morels and stitches |
| May | Morel, stitch, oil can, oyster mushroom, raincoat | Most mushrooms can be found not under trees, but in clearings, in thick grass. |
| June | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey fungus, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, puffball | In June, mushrooms of the highest (first) category begin to appear. |
| July | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, puffball, honey fungus, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, moss mushroom | There are already quite a lot of mushrooms - both in the clearings and under the trees. In addition to mushrooms, strawberries and blueberries are already found. |
| August | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey mushroom, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, moss mushroom | At this time, mushrooms can be found almost everywhere: in the grass, under trees, near stumps, in ditches and on trees, and even in city squares and on the sides of roads. In addition to mushrooms, lingonberries have already ripened, and cranberries are appearing in the swamps. |
| September | Oiler, boletus, boletus, oyster mushroom, morel, honey mushroom, chanterelle, porcini mushroom, moss mushroom, | September is the most productive month for mushrooms. But you need to be careful: autumn is coming to the forests, and in the bright foliage it is difficult to see the multi-colored mushroom caps. |
| October | Valuy, oyster mushroom, camelina, honey fungus, champignon, boletus, porcini mushroom, milk mushroom, moss mushroom, russula | The number of mushrooms in the clearings begins to decrease. In October, it is better to look for mushrooms near stumps and under trees. |
| November | Butterfly, greenfinch, oyster mushroom, tree mushrooms. | Frosts are beginning, but there is a high probability of finding frozen mushrooms. |
You will also find useful material about mushrooms with a mushroom picker’s calendar:
Mushroom key
There are no reliable methods for distinguishing edible and poisonous mushrooms by eye, so the only way out is to know each of the mushrooms. If the species identity of mushrooms is in doubt, you should never eat them. Fortunately, among the hundreds of species found in nature, many have such clearly defined characteristics that it is difficult to confuse them with others. However, it is better to always have a mushroom identification guide on hand.
Mushroom Guide - How to distinguish edible mushrooms |
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 |
 |
| 1 - breast; 2 - saffron milk cap; 3 - cone mushroom; 4 - greenish russula; 5 - edible russula; 6 - fox. |
7 - oiler; 8 - morel; 9 - porcini mushroom; 10 - large umbrella; 11 - row; 12 - field champignon. |
Mushroom identification guide - How to distinguish poisonous mushrooms |
|
 |
 |
| 1 - paneolus; 2 - gray float; 3 - glowing talker; 4 - common veselka; 5 - death cap; 6 - white fly agaric (spring). |
7 - red fly agaric; 8 - variegated champignon; 9 - russula emetic; 10 - value; 11 - entoloma |
Taking a mushroom guide and a mushroom picker's calendar with you as you make your way through the forest in search of mushrooms, you can entertain yourself with a conversation about mushrooms. Share with friends interesting facts about mushrooms.
The most poisonous mushrooms
Undoubtedly poisonous species There are about a hundred mushrooms in Europe. Of these, only eight are deadly poisonous.
- The most poisonous mushroom is Galerina sulciceps, which grows in Java and Sri Lanka. Even one eaten fruit leads to death in half an hour or an hour.
- In Europe and in North America The most poisonous are the white (spring) fly agaric and the stinking fly agaric.
- The most poisonous and deadly to humans is the toadstool, for which no antidote has yet been found.
The largest edible mushrooms
Most big mushroom growing in the world national park Mahler in the Blue Mountains (Oregon, USA). This mushroom covers an area of 890 hectares. However, we are interested in edible mushrooms.
- The largest edible mushroom was discovered in Canada by Jean Guy Richard. The unique raincoat (Calvatia gigantean) had a circumference of 2.64 meters and a weight of 22 kilograms.
- The largest champigno was found in Italy by Francesco Quito in the province of Bari. The mushroom weighed 14 kilograms.
- The largest truffle found weighed even less - only 7 kilograms.
The most expensive mushrooms
- Of course, the most expensive mushrooms are truffles, white and black. Incredibly expensive white truffles grow mainly in Italy, in the Piedmont region. The Perigord black truffle or Tuber melanosporum is also considered a real masterpiece of nature.
- The matsutake mushroom competes with truffles for the title of... expensive mushroom. This mushroom is often called the king of mushrooms due to its rich mushroom aroma and excellent taste. No one has yet managed to grow matsutake artificially, which is why the price for them has increased significantly, unlike truffles, which the Chinese have learned to successfully cultivate.
Now, thanks to the mushroom picker's calendar, you know what mushrooms to pick and when to pick them in the Moscow and Leningrad regions. It will help you distinguish edible and poisonous mushrooms short guide mushrooms Happy quiet hunting.
The mushroom season begins in mid-April - early May. On the northern slopes of ravines, in forest thickets, where the sun rarely peeks, there is still snow, and on the edges of broad-leaved and deciduous forests, warmed by the sun, morels appear in clearings and along forest roads. Massive growth of morels is observed from the first to the third ten days of May. At the same time, you can collect the lines. These mushrooms love pine forests and settle in clearings and roadsides on sandy soil.
Morels and lines in fresh poisonous. Before eating, they are carefully processed: boiled 2-3 times, draining the broth, or dried.
In early June, the mushroom picker will encounter the first russula. There are many varieties of russula. These are the most productive mushrooms and can be collected until late autumn. Russulas are easy prey; in other parts of the forest there are a lot of them, and it seems that extraordinary flowers of the most varied colors and shades have grown in the emerald greenery.
In June, you need to look into the birch forests if you want the basket to be filled with the first boletus mushrooms, and in the sparse, light-colored pine forests you can collect boletus. At this time, green moss mushrooms are also common in the forest. From the second half of June, the growth of mushrooms increases noticeably: more than 15 species of cap mushrooms can already be found in the forest.
In pine forests overgrown with heather, aspen and often birch forests, very noticeable mushrooms appear - boletuses. Their red hat is visible from a distance on the green carpet. These mushrooms grow until late autumn, but most of them occur from the first ten days of August to the second ten days of October. In June, when the first warm rains pass, chanterelles will appear in abundance, settling in cheerful flocks in grassy and mossy forest clearings. At this time, you can look for the king of mushrooms, the boletus, in the light pine forest, and in early July, porcini mushrooms also appear in birch forests.
In June, pigs are found, mushrooms are found in forest clearings and edges, and in July, families of milk mushrooms begin to be found in coniferous, birch and birch forests. You need to take a closer look at the hummocks, because under a layer of last year’s needles and leaves, the mushroom often hides from the eyes of the mushroom picker.
August is considered the most mushroom month, of course, and its best gift is saffron milk caps. From the first days of the month they pour out in the young growth of spruce and pine forests. Second half of August and first ten days of September - Golden time for a mushroom picker: just have time to collect abundant harvests of mushrooms that are valuable for drying, salting and pickling. At this time there are a lot of boletus, boletus, boletus, saffron milk caps, and milk mushrooms. Grow and less valuable mushrooms- waves, rows, loading. In August you can find autumn honey mushrooms, but their time has not yet come. There are many honey mushrooms in September, when other mushrooms begin to disappear. The sky is frowning more and more often, watering the thinned forest with fine cold rain. Fallen leaves are everywhere - a flowery outfit of autumn, among which it is already difficult to find a mushroom, but honey mushrooms are in plain sight. Having surrounded the stump, they climb up in a crowd, as if they were damp and cold on the ground. Before the first snow, you can carry baskets full of these tasty and clean mushrooms from the forest.
The mushroom calendar is capricious. Not one year coincides with another in terms of the number of types of mushrooms and their yield. Only the order in which mushrooms appear is almost constant.
A real mushroom picker meets the sun in the forest with trophies in a basket. Early in the morning, when there are no obliques yet sun rays, the mushroom is clearer. Those who are late can only get overgrown mushrooms and trimmed mushroom stems. Walk slowly through the forest, some will run around it and return home with an empty basket, but mushrooms love to play hide and seek. Under a thick branch, in moss, among a heap of leaves, they often hide from the eyes of mushroom pickers, especially after a summer dry wind. IN rainy summer mushrooms settle in clearings and along forest edges. If you find a mushroom, then circle around: mushrooms often grow in groups. There is no need to pull the mushroom out of the ground by the roots; it is better to cut it with a knife without scattering it forest floor. If you preserve the mycelium, you will get a good harvest in the future.
The Russian writer S. T. Aksakov wrote that mushrooms have favorite places where they will certainly be born every year in larger or smaller quantities. And he had such places in mind; he would not come from the forest without mushrooms. “I always have a lot of spotted mushrooms, mostly white,” said Aksakov, “and I take them at the age I need, or leave them to reach their full development and beauty.”
(S. T. Aksakov. Collected works, vol. 4. M., ed. art literature, 1956, pp. 594-595.)
It is best to collect mushrooms in baskets made of willow twigs, placing them with their caps down or sideways if the mushrooms have long stems. In buckets due to lack of inflow fresh air mushrooms can “burn” and spoil. You cannot collect mushrooms in backpacks and bags - in these containers they wrinkle and crumble.
Fresh mushrooms brought home must be immediately sorted, cleaned and processed; they cannot be stored.
Who, in an exciting mushroom hunt, has not had to wander through an unfamiliar forest, looking for the way to home! Of course, it’s good to have a compass with you, but it’s not always at hand. Therefore, when picking mushrooms, you should often pay attention to the features of the area: a noticeable tree, clearings, bends in the road, etc. It is useful to look back occasionally to remember the way back from the forest.
At night it is easy to navigate by the moon. Full moon opposes the sun, which means that at 7 o'clock. it is in the west, at midnight - in the south and at 19 o'clock. - in the east. A straight line drawn through the two outermost stars of the Big Dipper, which has the shape of a bucket, will go to the bright Polar Star, which is always in the north in our hemisphere.
It's lonely standing tree the crown is always thicker and more luxuriant on the south side. On sections of stumps, the thickness of annual rings is wider towards the south. Resin appears on the trunks of pine trees on the southern side, and moss and lichens grow on stones and trees on the northern side. Anthills are usually located on the south side of a tree or stump.
The sides of the horizon can be easily determined using a watch. To do this, the hour hand is directed towards the sun.
A line running from the center of the clock through the middle of the angle formed by the hour hand and the direction of the number 1 will indicate where north and south are. Before lunch, south will be to the right of the clockwise direction, and after lunch, to the left. Exactly at 13 o'clock. the sun is in the south. The minute hand is not taken into account. The watch should be kept in a horizontal position.
Nature can help the mushroom picker determine the weather for the coming days. Before bad weather, wood sorrel and wood groats are drooping, meadow clover is folding its leaves, sweet clover is smelling strongly, and the flowers of dandelion, thistle and coltsfoot are closing. Yellow acacia flowers usually have a strong scent in the evening. If their aroma is felt on a sunny morning, it means a thunderstorm.
When going to the forest to pick mushrooms, pay attention to your flower garden. Morning glory, mallow, marigolds have folded their petals and seem to have withered - which means it will rain and you need to put on rubber boots and take a raincoat with you.
People never get tired of mushrooms. Their choice is simply huge. Mushrooms can be fried, made into soups, pickled, pickled for the winter, even dried. They can be edible, for example, like fly mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, etc., and poisonous - like fly agaric mushrooms, toadstools, etc. But even conditionally edible proper preparation can also be eaten. When do mushrooms start growing? From May, you can already collect the very first ones, which are called early, or the first wave.
How fast do mushrooms grow?
How fast does a mushroom grow? The question of how long boletus grows can be answered this way: mushrooms generally grow faster than many plants that people usually eat. In one or two days it grows from being invisible to mushroom pickers to a decent size. The cap varieties grow especially quickly. How long does the porcini mushroom grow? Quite quickly under favorable conditions. And the boletuses and boletuses almost keep up with the boletus mushrooms. But on average, most mushrooms reach large sizes for a period of 3 to 6 days.
How fast does a mushroom grow? If conditions are favorable, then even after one night you can already collect boletus and russula. But this we're talking about about those mushrooms that are already on the surface. Most of their growth still takes place underground. Rapid appearance on the surface is affected by rain and sun. The growth rate is still greater at night than during the day. For example, you can find out how long a porcini mushroom is growing by simply measuring a small young fungus in the mycelium and measuring it every day. They usually grow completely within two days.
The very first boletus, boletus, boletus, white and many others can be found near big trees or close to them, where there are fewer small and young roots. And in young forests you practically cannot find them at this time. Only closer to August will mushrooms begin to grow evenly throughout all areas. At the end of the mushroom season, they again begin to be found most often in old forests. True, there is an exception - these are boletus and saffron milk caps. They prefer young growths and edges.
How does porcini mushroom grow?
They grow all summer, but in “waves.” Kolosoviki are the first species to appear. In order to be sure that white ones can be found, on quiet hunt You can go out at the end of June. The second wave begins approximately from mid-August until September. This time is considered the most fruitful. But it can be very short, maybe even a week. But the third “wave” largely depends on autumn weather. In October, even on a frosty morning you can find late boletus mushrooms.
Porcini mushrooms do not like to be alone; they grow several at a time. Therefore, if one is found, then the rest are nearby. They can also quite often be found in the vicinity of fly agarics, which appear at the same time as them. How fast does porcini mushroom grow? Not very fast, up to 7 days.
False porcini mushrooms
False mushrooms in the forest are always very similar in appearance to edible ones. But this is only at first glance. You can still tell them apart if you look closely. The white false one has the same massive leg, and its base is the same - in the form of a barrel. In order to distinguish poisonous from good, they look directly at the fruiting body. The false flesh will turn pink when cut. But cut on white - no. In addition, the poisonous one has a small pattern - like a mesh - on the upper part of the leg. But whites just don’t have it at all. Unfortunately, it is this mesh that often misleads mushroom pickers, who mistake the false white for boletus. In a poisonous mushroom, the tubular layer has a pinkish or dirty white tint. Well, the easiest way is to taste it. False mushrooms release bitterness. Even just by licking a piece, you can immediately feel it. And with subsequent heat treatment it intensifies even more.
Mushroom time
How fast does a mushroom grow? The very first ones appear in April. First, the real morel grows, and after it the conical and morel cap. In May-June, the pitted lobe appears. This mushroom grows up to 10 cm in height.
These types of morels are considered conditionally edible, since these mushrooms are very poisonous in their raw form. The poison in them is destroyed only after preliminary soaking and prolonged boiling (about an hour). It’s best to boil them this way even three times, draining the water and rinsing each time.
As a general rule, mushrooms begin to grow as soon as the soil thaws. But the real first ones are the spikelets, which begin to appear when the grain begins to spike. But often boletus, boletus, chanterelle, aspen and boletus appear in the forests already in May.
In which forests do mushrooms usually grow?
Mushrooms, of course, grow in the forest, but still they can be found much more often on the edges, in small forests, on the outskirts, along the banks of ditches, rivers and streams. It is best to look at the entrance to the forest, not to go too far into it, but to walk along the edge, preferably on the south side.
There is an opinion that mushroom pickers do not explore the area adjacent to the road only because they believe that everything has already been collected there and are trying to move further away. Meanwhile, this is where intact myceliums are often found. Porcini mushrooms are very partial to cow trails. If cattle are usually driven along the edge of the forest, then this is where you should look for them first. This type of mushroom was nicknamed “bug”.
Mostly white people love spruce forests, although they often grow in pine forests. The most the best place for them it is the outskirts of mixed forests.
But aspen boletuses prefer young plantings of aspen and birch. They are mostly found on the slopes of streams, ditches and small rivers. In order to find the mycelium, you do not need big square forests. It’s not uncommon to come across a whole family among three aspen trees and a pair of birch trees. And from one mycelium alone they cut up to 20 pieces.
The boletus is sure to be where it is birch plantings. Ideal place for collection - these are sparse young plantings. It is here that the “king” of boletus grows - blackhead, which is considered the most delicious and beautiful. You can find it by small dark hat, since the main part is completely surrounded by moss.
Saffron milk caps and boletus love coniferous forests, especially give preference pine forests. Milk milk, chanterelles, honey mushrooms and russula are generally unpretentious, and you can stumble upon them in any forest.
Mushrooms have one unusual “tendency”. They love high-voltage power lines that are strung across forest areas. This feature is explained by the fact that due to electric current, trees are constantly pruned, and this creates quite favorable conditions for growing mushrooms, as they constantly receive the necessary light and moisture.
Mushrooms in the forest can mainly be found in damp places- lowlands, as they grow much faster there. But you definitely shouldn’t look for them in the swamps. You should also remember about the temperature, so in the southern regions the mushroom season begins earlier than in the northern ones.
Mushrooms growing on trees
Mushrooms that grow on trees not only have different morphologies, but they are also divided according to different groups. Most of them are inedible. Many are not only tough, but also quite unpleasant to the taste, and even poisonous. And only a very small part of them are actually edible. However, they usually have no nutritional value. However, among them there are also very tasty ones. For example, honey mushrooms.
Fungi that grow on trees can also grow on or even in soil. They have a smooth and soft texture, but the taste is like seafood. The caps are fleshy and large, and the legs can be quite short.
The color can even be blue, but as they grow older it becomes mostly brown. Individual parts of tree mushrooms It is quite possible to eat. Some types of vitamins contain 10 times more than vegetables and herbs.
Common types of tree mushrooms
The most famous tree mushrooms:
Truffle
Truffle mushrooms are considered a delicacy that was available only to wealthy people. They belong to the genus of marsupials. Outwardly, they are quite unattractive, fleshy, and grow in tubers. And they can reach a weight of up to 1 kg. Black and blue, smooth or cracking. Covered with small bumps resembling warts.
This mushroom has many species - almost a hundred, but of all, only three are considered the most valuable. These are winter, Périgord and Piedmontese. It is very demanding regarding the conditions of the environment in which it grows. So where do truffles (mushrooms) grow? They prefer mixed forests, but with a predominance of trees such as beeches and oaks. Despite this capricious behavior, they grow underground.
Features of truffle
It tastes like a mushroom roasted sunflower seeds or walnuts. And after that it retains its taste for a long time. It is so bright that it is very difficult to describe. In addition, it can even be consumed raw.
Truffle has a lot useful properties. It is highly valued for its high content of vitamins B1, B2, C, PP. Has a beneficial effect on the health of children, nursing mothers and pregnant women. Increases sexual desire. It has been proven that it can even delay aging human skin. Therefore, it is widely used in cosmetology. You can collect such mushrooms only by tearing up the ground, but only pigs and dogs can feel where the mushroom grows, so there is a real mushroom hunt for these delicacies. Otherwise, it is simply impossible to collect them. These mushrooms grow strictly one at a time. They are collected only at night, since only at this time does it emit a smell.
The truffle season is very short - from September to March. And in winter they can only be obtained in November or December. Most mushrooms are small, since large specimens are extremely rare.
Truffle even has its own expiration date: it can only be stored fresh for up to 3 days. And even then, it needs to be wrapped in paper and put in the refrigerator. It can also be frozen. But all these operations can only be performed with unwashed and uncleaned mushrooms.
Fly agarics
Fly agaric belongs to the genus lamellar mushrooms. And for the most part it is very poisonous. There are almost 100 species. Grows in all forests. When mushrooms of all kinds begin to grow, then fly agaric mushrooms appear: from June to October. However, we must remember. Red and stinking fly agarics are deadly to humans, as they are very poisonous.
The fly agaric is a type of fly agaric, quite large and fleshy. The young mushroom is wrapped in a blanket, which tears as it grows. The color is different, it can be not only red, but also gray. It reproduces by spores. By the way, when fly agarics grow, porcini mushrooms also appear.
The most common red mushroom in our forests. When consumed by humans, it causes intense hallucinations. But there are also edible fly agarics. For example, Caesar, pink. Red is used in the treatment of oncology, epilepsy and a number of other serious diseases.
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