Truffle is considered a delicacy for gourmets and the most expensive mushroom in the world. The fruit bodies of truffles are deeply underground, they are characterized by round or cheerful form. Mushrooms form mikuriza with roots of trees. Truffles have more than hundreds of varieties. Conditionally, they can be divided into black, which are more common, and white, more rare and therefore more valued.
They grow in countries with a warm temperate climate. Their production is distributed in France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Portugal. The most valuable and expensive are black truffles, which are mined in Perigore in France, and white growing in Piedmont and Umbria in Italy. Many are interested in the question: Where is the Mushroom Truffle grow in Russia?
Where is the white truffle grow in Russia?
This kind of truffle can be found rarely, so it is very valuable. In Russia, he grows on average Volga region, Vladimir, Moscow, Smolensk, Tula, Oryol regions. White truffles are growing from late autumn until winter.
The size of the fungus is up to 15 cm, the weight is up to 500 g, in the soil it is at a small depth - up to 15 cm. Externally white truffles look like, it has a brown peel and a light flesh. The truffle is characterized by more meat than the mushroom taste and a pronounced fragrance.
Where does the black truffle grow in Russia?
Black truffle, which is possible to find in Russia, is called summer. Where does summer truffle grow in Russia? Its location can be called the Caucasus on the Black Sea coast. It prefers to grow limestone soils. Its dimensions reach 10 cm, it grows in the ground at a depth of 10-15 cm. Collect this type of truffle at the end of the summer - early autumn.
In which forests grow truffles in Russia?
Mushroom Truffles prefers to grow near the roots of such trees: oak, birch, grab, beech, walnut. Accordingly, it is possible to assemble them in the forests where such types of trees are found. The greatest chance that Mushroom Truffle grows in Russia in oak forests.
Breeding truffles in nature
In the nature of the truffles do not multiply as other mushrooms, in which disputes are transported with wind or water. The only way to spread seeds (mycelium) of the truffle is occurring with animals. Since the seeds are deep underground, then animals transfer them when they find mushrooms.
Methods for collecting truffles
Specially trained animals are used to search for truffles - pigs or dogs. This is considered a real hunt, which is held at night, since the smell of truffles is better heard at night. You can try to find mushrooms, focusing on numerous swarms of midges above the ground. If one truffle is found, then 5-6 mushrooms are revealed next to it. The collection of truffles is a very complex process. They need to dig and collect very neatly, trying not to damage both the mushrooms themselves and the roots of the tree, near which they grow.
Growing truffles
Growing truffles on artificially created plantations - 
a very laborious process that takes a large amount of time. First they collect acory from under the oaks, next to which truffles grew. Then prepare a special soil: they mix the ground suitable for and land taken from the places where mushrooms grew. Then the prepared acorns are planted in this soil. Thus, young trees grow in the ground containing disputes of truffles.
The first harvest is obtained after 6 years. You can collect mushroom crops for 25-30 years. They will be up to 15 kg of truffles from one hectare of land.
In Russia, the technologies of growing truffles are not common, this process is characteristic of other countries.
Truffles are a real delicacy. The cost of one kilogram of such mushrooms is calculated by thousands of dollars. You can try dishes from them in restaurants. How is the collection of truffles?
Varieties of mushrooms
Many, having learned about such a high cost of mushrooms, are wondering whether truffles are growing in Russia? In the Russian Federation there is a summer species, it is also called black. Similarly, it can be found in Central Asia, and in Ukraine.
Mushrooms grow in limestone. They can even be found in the south of Scandinavia. The fruit body is 15 cm under the ground. The collection of truffles falls at the end of the summer season and the beginning of the autumn.
Truffles are trying to grow on Chinese farms, but such a product does not have unique taste properties that have wild representatives.
There is another kind of this mushroom - the Russian white. It is hard enough to find such a mushroom, the fruit body can weigh up to 0.5 kg. To taste, the product resembles meat more. It grows under 15 cm layer of land. This representative of the fungal kingdom can be found in various regions of Russia: the Oryol and Vladimir, Smolensk and Tula, as well as Moscow.
Where, except Russia, grow truffles? Winter truffles can be found in Ukraine as well as in Italy, Switzerland, France. Harvesting truffles takes place in November-March. The diameter of the fungus can reach 20 cm, and the weight is 1.5 kg.
Search for delicious mushrooms
The collection of truffles is a real hunt. Who is looking for truffles with a man? Assistants are pigs and dogs, as well as insects and bears. Hunting for truffles is Tri-Fulau. The craft of these craftsmen was weddown by riddles, secrets that hunters do not want to tell the public. Trifulau call themselves representatives of the fairy-tale world, like gnomes, fairies. The collection of truffles is focused on the phases of the moon.
According to the legend, the craftsmen hunt only at night, and with them there is always a white dog. The hunting places Trifulau are a professional secret. It is inherited and hide from competitors. In the market, the craftsmen are traded in a whisper, and jewels are hiding in his pocket.
To find the truffles in the forest will need a pig. Pig is the first animal that helped a man in search of a mushroom. First you need to train a pig on his smell. If a pig feel the smell in the forest, where truffles usually grow, it will start digging the ground. The hunter needs to move the animal in time, otherwise the delicacy will get the latter.
Pigs are looking for truffles for quite some time, and for it will get peas from the owners or boiled beans.
Natasky pig can help up to 10 years owner-hunter. But these animals quickly get tired, but in large territories it is difficult for them to search. In such cases, the search for truffles can be trusted by a dog.
Truffle is a variety of delicacious mushrooms, which grows underground at a depth of 10 to 30 centimeters. Truffle is one of the most expensive delicacies, its price depending on the variety can be from $ 800 to several thousand dollars per kilogram. Nevertheless, gourmets do not regret any money.
In this article, tell me how and where the truffles grow and how can they be found.
Variety of truffles
The truffle has a pronounced mushroom taste with notes of walnuts and fried seeds, and if you sufficiently hold the mushroom in the water, it acquires a light taste of soy sauce.
The color of the truffle can have black, white, gray and yellow - depending on the type and time of collection. The smallest truffle is the size of a quail egg, the largest - with a large apple.
Truffles that are collected from October to January are white, and those that are "mined" from December to March, black. At the same time, truffles collected in winter are considered more delicious, and they are usually larger.
Where to looking for?
Types of truffles are quite a lot, however four - summer (or black Russian), winter, Italian (or Piedmont), black (or perigorean).
The species defines the place of growing truffle. In general, all truffles are growing in deciduous forests: black truffles can be found next door to oak, beech or hub, and Piedmont - not far from birch, poplar, linden, rowabins, elm and hawthorn.
Truffle summer
The deciduous forest is necessary (although not the only one) condition to grow truffle. In our country, for example, a huge amount of deciduous forests, but only summer grade truffles are growing in Russia and only in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. In addition, the summer truffle can be found in the areas of Central Europe until the south of Scandinavia.
Winter truffle
This variety of truffles is widespread in France, Italy and Switzerland forests, and you can also find this delicacy in Ukraine.
Italian truffle
Italian truffle, of course, grows in Italy, as it is clear from the name, and the largest "deposits" are located in the Piedmont area. In addition, this type of truffle grows in Central Italy, Central and Southern France, as well as in other areas of Southern Europe.
Black truffle
Black truffle can, again, meet in Italy and France, and in addition, in Spain. Nevertheless, France on black truffles is richer than others - this delicacy can be found almost in any area of \u200b\u200bthe country, but the south-west of the country is the most rich in this respect, Gironda, Lo.
Black truffle is specially cultivated in the PRC.
Using truffles
Truffle is used in cooking due to a strong, saturated aroma. This delicacy is perfectly combined with dishes with so-called passive taste - meat, cheeses, eggs, pasta.
Mushrooms can be boiled, fry and cook for a couple, and serve in raw.
In addition to the exquisite taste and aroma, truffles are distinguished by the increased content of vitamins of groups B, RR, C, B2, B1, as well as macro and microelements - sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper.
How to find?
Of course, as you could guess, the hunters on the truffles are enough, because this product can be sold very favorably. Nevertheless, the truffle is not so easy to find. For the search for these mushrooms, they use pigs or specially trained dogs, which are still puppies to feed with milk with decoction of truffles.
The tip in the search for truffles can be the so-called red-haired fly, the swarms of which are spinning over the place of delicacy.
How much does the truffle grow?
It would seem if the truffle is so expensive, then why waste time in search, which are far from always can be crowned with success, can it be easier to grow it? However, as you could guess, it's not easy here too. First, the truffle is very capricious fungus and requires careful care, including expensive feeding. And, secondly, the first yields should be waiting no earlier than six years. In addition, you never know, there will be a harvest or not. However, private farmers do not surrender to the development of optimal technology, because a good harvest, which is about 90 kg of mushrooms from hectare, can afford to earn up to 250 thousand euros!
Truffle - a favorite mushroom of all gourmets, proudly carrying the title of the most expensive product in his category. It is valuable at once in three factors: amazing taste, useful properties and aphrodisatic qualities. Next, we suggest a closer look at this mushroom. First we will tell and show the photo, as the truffle looks like, what is his features and what are his varieties. And then we'll figure it out how to collect mushroom right and where it grows in Russia. But first things first.
Features and beneficial properties of truffle
The fruit body of the truffle has a rounded or cheerful shape and in its dimensions the advantage resembles a nut. In rare cases, the mushroom is so large that it looks like a full potato. The outer layer of truffle can be either smooth or rugged fine cracks, or coated multifaceted warts. In cross-section, the mushroom has a pronounced marble texture, which is formed by the weave of the bright "internal veins" and the dark "external veins". On these veins, numerous spore bags are located.
Truffles are primarily known with their culinary properties. They are actively used in many national kitchens for making sauces, pate, stuffs for all sorts of baking, as well as an addition to seafood or bird. Often the mushroom is served as an independent dish.
Truffle - valuable and useful mushroom
Another feature of truffles is a useful composition. Mushrooms contain:
- vitamins of groups C, B and PR;
- vegetable proteins;
- antioxidants;
- fiber;
- carbohydrates;
- minerals.
Truffle juice is useful for different types of eye diseases, and the mushroom pulp effectively helps to alleviate pain when goug. It is known that overwhelmed mushrooms have a small amount of anndamide in their composition, which soothingly affects the nervous system. In addition, the truffles contain strong pheromones that improve human emotional background.
Important! There are no serious contraindications in truffles, but their use is possible only under the observance of two conditions: the absence of allergies to penicillin and freshness of the product.
Types of truffles
In the world, there are more hundreds of types of truffles, which are classified by three factors: a biological group, a gastronomic value, a geographic group. The most common among them are the following mushrooms:
Growing and collecting truffles
The search and collection of mushrooms is very complex, since truffles are rarely shown on the surface of the soil. Yes, they grow far from all countries. So, in Russia there are only some types of fungi:
- Black summer - grow on the Black Sea coast and in the Caucasus, mainly in deciduous forests. It is often settled in the root system of beech or oak. You can collect them all summer season and at the very beginning of autumn.
- Black Winter - most commonly found in the Caucasus in forest areas with limestone soils. Ripen from January to March.
- White - grow immediately in several regions of Russia: Moscow, Tula, Smolensk, Orlovskaya. They ripen from the middle of the autumn until the beginning of winter, but the most suitable collection period is the second half of October.
Council. Recognize the terrain of active growing truffles is possible by the state of the Earth and vegetation: the soil in such zones of a gray-ashona, and vegetation is somewhat stuck. Also mushrooms can "issue" numerous midges over land hillocks, under which the fruits are hidden.
Truffles are looking for trained pigs or dogs: mushrooms have a strong specific smell that animals feel even at a high distance. A peculiar "hunt" is recommended at night.
Dogs help look for truffles
Mushrooms need to be used for 3-4 days after collecting. Increase product storage period only freezing or preservation will help.
As we see, the high cost of the truffle fully justifies its advantages: unique taste, wide maneuver for culinary experiments, positive effect on the human body. And even whatever difficult for the processes of search, collecting and storing the fungus, all these difficulties are absolutely blurred compared to the values \u200b\u200bof the product.
Search for truffles in Russia: video
Truffle: photo
You are unlikely to meet a person who has never heard of the truffle. But few of us managed at least once to try this exquisite expensive delicacy. It meets so rarely that with any hints that it can be attempted to collect from his country site, people are intensely shrugged. After reading this article, you will learn how to grow truffle at home.
Where does this unique mushroom grow?
Despite the fact that today it is grown in almost all corners of the planet, the truffle is still considered to be a national heritage of France. Residents of this state call this unusual delicacy is not otherwise as a "capricious prince" or "black diamond."
The greatest surprise causes the fact that even today no one can say with absolute confidence how the truffle grows. It is not known to those specialists, most of the life who devoted to the study of mushrooms. The fact is that under the ground, where truffles are growing, too much depends on plants, the root system of which serves for them the main source of carbohydrates. In turn, truffles provide rhizomes of trees reliable protection against microbial diseases. Misselting threads of this mushroom envelop the roots of shrubs and trees, saturating them with extra moisture. In science, such coexistence is known as symbiosis.
How to breed a truffle?
It is mycelium that is the main and most important part of any mushroom. Therefore, in those places where truffles grow, you need to particularly carefully carry out any earthworks. Of the healthy mycelium, the fruit body is actively developing, the disputes of which will be involved in the subsequent reproduction. In contrast to all other truffles directly depends on the animals living in the forest. Animals find it and eat it. Subsequently, the digestible disputes of truffles fall on the ground, giving the life of a new fungnyce. To attract the attention of forest animals, the mushroom exudes a certain fragrance. True, it cannot be called pleasant for human sense. Outgoing from most truffles of the stench, more resembles the smell of a disintegrating bow or spoiled herring. And only a few species of this mushroom stimulate the active selection of gastric juice in humans. One of these varieties is the Black Perigor Truffle.
What does the truffle look like?
Description of this mushroom can be found in any specialized directory. This underground yellow, gray, white or black shade has a meaty tuber-like body covered with rough skin. Inside the mushroom is the flesh, by type resembling a labyrinth from the residences. The dimensions of the delicacy whose cut is similar to the polished marble, can vary from quail egg to a large apple. The Miscelions of the Truffle consists of the finest fibers penetrating into the inner layers of the root system cortex cells and actively interacting with them.
In what conditions can this underground mushroom grow?
Before you need to ask, in what location they can grow. The main condition for growing this delicacious mushroom is the warm climate. These criteria are as it is impossible to match the wooded areas of Portugal, Spain, southern Germany, Italy, France and Croatia. It grows on the Pacific Coast of America, in Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. Very rarely find truffles in the suburbs.
Is it possible to grow this delicacy at home?
Today, an increasing number of people are interested in how to grow truffles and is it possible to do it yourself. Let's just say that this is a very real task. The main thing is to approach it with full responsibility. It is important to choose the right quality seedlings, find a suitable area and prepare the soil well.
Those who are interested in how to grow truffle at home should be understood that this is a very difficult lesson requiring a responsible approach.
The main stages of breeding mushrooms
It should be understood that the cultivation of truffles is carried out in three stages. At the initial stage, the Missel's transplant is performed in the most favorable place. At the second stage, the planting material from fruit bodies occurs. And only after that you can start planting young truffle embryos. As a rule, mushrooms are bred by planting young trees with developed mycelium truffles.
How to choose and prepare a landing space?
It should be understood that these mushrooms are quite capricious. They need a warm moderate climate. Therefore, those who live in areas with an unstable climate, with too hot in summer and frosty winters, it is better to abandon this idea. If you live in the region, the conditions in which allow you to grow this delicacy, then you can safely begin to implement your plan.
Before growing truffles, it is necessary to choose a suitable land plot. The soil should be rich in calcium and humus, its pH indicator should be at least 7.5. In the soils, which are planned to plant truffles, there should be no other fungi that can compete with them. It should be remembered that too relief territory can significantly complicate the mechanical processing of the soil.
In general, the site should have a favorable locality relative to the sun and wind. In addition, it should be resistant to water erosion and have a bias not exceeding 15 degrees.
Planting process
Having created the optimal conditions for growing truffles, you can proceed directly to the landing. The best time for planting grafted seedlings is spring, when frosts are no longer predicted. Young trees are planted into the ground, completely freed from weeds. To do this, there are pits in the ground, the depth of which reaches 75 cm. Within a radius of 40 centimeters from each planted tree, it is recommended to pour a layer of mulching from last year's fallen seedlings to be covered with a plastic greenhouse film.
There is another method of growing these mushrooms - on sawdust. However, such technology implies thorough preliminary preparation of the soil. The substrate must be saturated with calcium and humus, and on top to cover with fresh oak or beech sawdust. After that, the soil must be shed with complex fertilizers and only then can be started to plant mushrooms. The mycelium of truffles is mixed with the soil and lay out on the sawdust.
How to care for landings?
Having understood how to grow truffles, you should not relax, thinking that after planting seedlings you can just sit and wait for the harvest. In fact, they need a certain care. Periodically, trees need to be picked up with complex fertilizers, which can be easily found in any specialized store. In addition, it is recommended to introduce some microfertilizers (boron, zinc, magnesium and iron) into the soil. This scheme is suitable for the cultivation of the flake, inoculated by mycelium of truffles.
Also, do not forget about the main pests of the royal mushroom, which includes pigs and rabbits. These animals are categorically forbidden to let the territory where truffles are growing. Not less danger to this mushroom are black cockroaches and weevils. Trees-owners of truffles also need special care. They must be subjected to periodic trim, which consists in removing the main part of powerful branches and in reducing the height of the trunk. This allows you to achieve an increase in rainwater and sun rays into the soil.
Harvest
The fruit body of the truffle appeared in summer should grow for several months. As a rule, it reaches the necessary condition by autumn. Black ripe truffle, the taste of which is above all silence, exudes a rather strong pleasant smell. A boring mushroom can be recognized by the presence of a reddish shell. As a rule, the harvest can be collected from November to March. Ripening of white and burgundy varieties occurs a little faster.
The collection of these mushrooms is very similar to cleaning potatoes. However, there are several subtleties. Otherwise, it is possible to randomly damage mycelium, as a result of which the truffle plantation will quickly run out. It is necessary to act with maximum caution, carefully removing fruit bodies of fungi from the soil. In this case, it is necessary not to disturb the integrity of the soil structure and not damage the system of mycorrhiza. Only ripe mushrooms should be assembled.
To accelerate harvesting of the hareed truffles, you can attract specially trained animals to this process. They smell the fruit bodies hidden under the ground. For these purposes, not only dogs can be used, but also pigs. From a plot of one hectare area, you can collect from 50 to 100 kilograms of mushrooms.
Most of the crop is perfectly preserved throughout the year. Truffles can be frozen and dry by lyophilization.
Immediately before planting young trees, it is impossible to fear. Such actions can cause the death of mycelium. In the process of disembarkation, it is necessary to take care of the root system of seedlings. In the pits, in which young oaks will be planted, it is necessary to add some water, pour out the earth and pour out again.
In the future, it is necessary to ensure that cracks appear on the surface of the soil. In the event of their formation, this place must be fed to sand. In addition to oaks, you can use other trees, including olive, citrus and sequoil. To successfully grow truffles, the landing depth should be 75 cm. Only it is possible to ensure reliable protection of underground mushrooms from frosts, winds and pests. It is strictly forbidden to grow truffles near spruce, poplar, willow and chestnut.
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