For children and schoolchildren set out in this article. Description will help write a test report of a peacock eye.
Butterfly Peacock Eye Description
Butterfly peacock eyes saw each of us. She is known and ordinary people, and collectors. Bright color immediately rushes into the eyes. It is common throughout Europe and in Asia. They can be found anywhere, but to winter the peacock eyes are used in homes or hollows of trees, where heat and cozy. These butterflies can be seen with the arrival of heat in the parks, in the meadows, in the gardens and so on.
The size of the peacocky eyes is 5 cm. It is distinguished by a bright pattern that resembles an eye, on red, and sometimes brown background. It looks very impressive with closed wings - the butterfly is then reminded of a beautiful, autumn fallen leaf. But the stains in the shape of an eye are similar to stains in peacock tail feathers. That is why peacock eyes received such a name. When the butterfly is frightened by predators, and she feels danger - these very "eyes" go into the move - they unfold the wings and even make hissing sounds. Potential predators will then think a couple of times, whether they are worth it this is an incomprehensible creature.
Overloes, peacock eyes postponing her eggs early in spring. With the volume in large quantities - up to 500 per time. Caterpillars hatched in a week have black color with 6 pairs of hairy teeth and white dots in each segment. During this period, they feed nettle and hop. Adult butterflies feed on a nectar of flowering plants.
Description of the butterfly "Peacock Eye"
One of the most unusual butterflies is a "peacock of the eye." It is called so, because four spots are on her wings. These specks are very similar to the eyes. They even tinted with blue, as if the rainbow shell of the present eye. And also - exactly the "peephole" on the tail at Peacock. When the "peacock of the eye" reveals his wings, it seems as if he looks intently at you.
The peacock of the eyes is one of the brightest European butterflies, which received its name for characteristic eyes on the wings. This species belongs to the nymphalide family and is relative to more modest kenemen, peaculture and urticaria. Often, this species is called a daily peacock eye to distinguish from several species of butterflies-Pavlin-eyed, which are sometimes called "peacock eyes." To avoid confusion, it will be described in this article that the day peacock of the eye will be described, and the remaining species will be discussed in the article on Pavlin-eyed.
Peacock eye, or day peacock eye (Inachis IO).
The peacock of the eye is the butterfly of the medium size, the scope of the wings in males 45-55 mm, in females 50-62 mm. The Black Eyes is black, the upper side is covered with a reddish gun, a mustow-shaped mustache. The shape of the wings is quite simple, with shallow cuts around the edge. The main color of the upper side of the wings - red, on the front edge of the front wings pass the narrow gray-ripple strips of black spots. The outer edge of both pairs of wings, as well as the rear edge of the rear wings has a gray edge, on all four wings there are large blue-dove stains.
The bottom side of the wings of a peacock eye looks gloomy - she is black and brown with a shallow gray ripples.
Although the peacock of the eye is considered a typical inhabitant of Europe, but the area of \u200b\u200bthis species is very wide. This butterfly is found over all moderate and partially subtropical zone of Eurasia and on the Japanese islands. The peacock of the eye inhabits open biotopes - meadows, empty, steppes, forest edges, gardens, parks, ravines, in the mountains are found at an altitude of up to 2500 meters. In the deaf forests and deserts, peacock eyes are not found, it is missing in the polar regions (tundra). These butterflies fly from early spring to October, and warm subtropics can even meet in winter thaws. In the northern regions, peacock eyes have time to give one generation for the summer, in southern - two. These butterflies in the Imago phase (adult individual), the autumn butterflies hide in the crust of the crust, the forest and steppe litter. The life expectancy of each individual is several months.
The eggs of a peacock eye on the bottom of the sheet.
Peacock's caterpillars feed on various plants, but especially love nettle, raspberry, hops, are less likely to meet on IWA and hemp. But adult butterflies are most like to drink nectar thistle, burdock, scabiosa, thyme, can visit various garden flowers, often sit on wet land, boron with flowing plants juice.
Crawler of a peacock eye.
The reproduction season begins early, overwhelmed butterflies lay eggs already in late April-May. The female lays fine light green eggs on the bottom side of the leaves by groups of 100-300 pieces. Black caterpillars with subtle growths, often the caterpillars of one brood hold together and fly off the stalks with silky threads, creating a bag-shaped cocoon. The caterpillars of the spring generation are found in May-June, the caterpillars of the summer generation - at the end of July-early August. The pupae is attached to the stalks of the plants head down, depending on which the pupa (green twig or dry and dry) attached, it can be greenish-gray or brown. The doll looks awesome, it develops 1-2 weeks.
Pavlin eye on inflorescences.
The peacock of the eye - the butterfly is quite common in those places where people do not interfere in natural biosystems. In cultural landscapes, the peacock of the eye is less common, since his caterpillars feed on low-value plants, from which people try to get rid of. Despite the rather high number of this butterfly in the protected and untouched places, it still needs to be protected. To increase the number of peacocky eyes, it is enough to leave untouched uprights and nettle on the meadows and the side of the fields (especially since these plants do not climb sowing), and do not destroy his caterpillars (although they look unattractive). In this case, beautiful butterflies will often please our gaze.
The butterflies of peacock eye are called due to huge spots on their wings, they, in turn, very much resemble "eyes" on Peacock feathers.
Adults are painted from light dark to dark brown and purple-black stripes.
Appearance
This species has a distinctive feature of being the most beautiful butterfly among.
The length of the front wings is more than 32 mm, the span of the wings is more than 65 mm. The female of the butterfly of peacock eyes is much larger than males.
Habitat
This species dwells in the territories of moderate climate in Europe and Asia. The most common there, where many wild inflorescences of various flowers. They are frequent guests in England and Wales.
Winged insects love to be in the gardens and parks, but only in those places where the sun falls on the inflorescence of flowers.
Food
Butterfly feed on nectar Chertopoloha, lavender and buddhons David, as well as sucking juice from surpic fruits.
Reproduction
Butterflies' females lay up to 450 eggs. Through one or two weeks, caterpillars are gluable. The caterpillar of the butterfly of peacock eyes feeds nettle. Adult caterpillars in length make up more than 4 cm.
Caterpillars eat nettle.
The body of the caterpillars is painted in black and white colors, another interesting detail, the spine has a black color and through the ghostly consistency of the larva is perfectly visible. Cases of butterflies with gray-brown coloring with metal gold stains.
Enemies, like any insect, also at the butterfly peacock eye enemies abound. Not averse to the butterfly:
- Birds;
- Small rodents;
- Frogs;
- Snakes;
But they have their own secret that saves in some cases from insatiable enemies. Insects use their color as protection, or rather "eyes" which are depicted on its wings.
Life expectancy
There are cases when the butterfly of peacock eyes lived for more than a year, on the middle it lives from 3 to 6 months.
- To survive the butterfly with a peacock eye, she falls into the hibernation, and in the spring again as if there was nothing to happen, continues his life.
- They are hidden in places like, hollow trees, cracked rocks and stone walls.
- If they are disturbed, it can make sounds in the form of "hissing", it creates this sound, by rubbing the wings.
From a long time, the butterfly is considered a symbol of spring, beauty and rebirth to life. These fluttering creations are associated with immortality, love, loyalty and happiness. At the weddings there is a tradition to let go into the sky or pigeons, or butterflies.
Beautiful, bright, they became the heroes of many legends and myths. One of the representatives of the kind is the butterfly of peacock eyes. She refers to the form of the nymphalid family and is a relative of less bright coarsens, urticaries and pearls. The name "peacock of the eyes" appeared due to characteristic stains on the wings, which, like two drops of water, are similar to the "eyes" on the feathers in the tail of Peacock.
Butterfly peacock eyes: Photo, description
The size of the butterfly, the photo of which you see, about 30 mm. The "girls" scope of the wings is 5-6 cm, "boys" do not boast of scope more than 4-5.5 cm.
How long have everyone known, the butterfly of peacock eyes is very bright and beautiful. But at the same time, not everyone knows that the brightness of the color of its wings depends on the ambient temperature during the pounding period. Wings fluttering beauties of a brown-red color with black and gray edging around the edges. Over the shape of the wing is simple, on the edge of the shallow cuts. The black shoulder, the reddish shade is noticeable from above.
Area and habitat
The butterfly of peacock eyes is a typical inhabitant of Eurasia. From Spain and to Japan, blunt beauties please the lovers of nature. Germany is a country where the butterflies of this species dwells simply in huge quantities. It was here that the peacock of the eye was recognized in 2009 a butterfly year.
The most favorable environment for these amazing-wonderful creatures is an open area. The peacock of the eyes feels comfortable, fluttering on the meadows, in the steppes, on the edges of the forests. Parks and gardens can also be proud of such beautiful inhabitants.
Polar tundra for such gentle creatures is too cold. The desert and thick deaf forests are absolutely not suitable for the butterflies in need and lively moisture.
Butterfly Peacock Eye: Life Cycle
The life cycle of the peacock eye consists of four phases:
- egg;
- caterpillar;
- doll;
- imago (butterfly).
During the period of the warm season, one generation of butterflies appears in the districts with a hot climate, such as the Precaucasia and Crimea, two generations have time to appear.
Approximately in the first half of June, the butterflies leave dolls and actively flutter until the end of the summer. For wintering, adults (sometimes dolls) are arranged in cool secluded places. Cooling is a prerequisite for wintering. If the butterfly chooses a place in a warm house, it risks not to wait for the onset of spring and die. The thing is that heat during hibernation accelerates the metabolism, as a result of which aging is accelerated.
Reproduction
After the winter hooks in the beginning of May, the butterflies lay the testicles using the rear side of the leaves for the layers. Favorite plants for such a goal - raspberry, nettle, hops. Eggs are nonsense, small, light green, in one masonry from 100 to 300 eggs.
A week from eggs, caterpillars get out of the eggs. They are painted black with white dots. Within 14-21 days, they grow and develop on the same plant on which they were born.
The peacock of the eye in the form of a pupa is within two weeks. They are attached to durable stems and acquire a color, similar to the color of the plant itself. It can be brownish, greenish or sizo gray.
This is very amazing creatures, the more you know about their lives, the more you are amazed by this interesting facts:
Butterflies never sleep.
. The presence of butterflies on the ancient Egyptian frescoes prove the fact that they existed thousands of years ago.
. It is impossible to imagine that such gentle beauty can be killed, but nevertheless, in the countries of South America and Asia, the butterfly is considered a delicacy.
. The butterfly eyes are the most difficult organ in its structure. They consist of six thousand smallest parts, called lenses.
. Night peacock eyes - a butterfly, which is not a relative of an ordinary peacock eye, she is simply "namesake." This is the biggest butterfly in Eurasia, the scope of its wings is about 15 cm, in flight it can be easily confused with a bird or bat.
. The most amazing thing is that butterfly so that they can fly, solar heat is needed.
Pavlin-eyed pear (Saturn pear, big night peacock eyes) (lat. Saturnia Pyri.) - This is an insect of the detachment of scratched, family of Pavlin-eyed, the genus Saturnia.
International Scientific name: Saturnia Pyri (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775).
His name of Pavlin-eyeds received thanks to the painting features: on each butterfly wing there is a disk-shaped eye stain, similar to the spots of the tail. Most likely, the type of Saturn Peepor is named this, because the caterpillars of this butterfly live on fruit trees, including on. It can be assumed that the name arose due to the pear-shaped form of its cocoon.
Pavlin-eyed pear (Saturn Pear) - Description and photo
The big night peacock eyes is the biggest butterfly of Europe. On average, its wings vary from 12 to 15 cm, but sometimes larger specimens are found. In the dark it can be taken for a small bird or. Females are a bit larger than males. Tolstoy pear peaculate torso, thick-covered. Wings are wide, pubescent at the base. The mustache in males are long, cigarette, highly developed, have a large surface and are continuously swaying. The females are distinguished by short aggregates of the comb. The trumps near the pears of Pavlingolaz will underdeserse, it cannot eat and lives at the expense of those nutrients that accumulated, being a caterpillar.
The total tone of the wings of the pear saturn is browning gray, the stripes and specks are distinguished on it. At the base of the wings there are large dark spots, outlined by light, and then a black stripe. In the middle, two brown zigzag stripes, between which there are 4 round spots resembling eyes, one on each wing. The bottom of the wings is edged with a wide light-cream strip. The "pears" pears of peaculate peaches black with a white glare of a middle, surrounded by a brownish-yellowish ring. Behind him follow the white and red half risk, and all this framed a black ring. The front wings of the night butterfly are used with a whitish or grayish raid, but sometimes the wings are almost completely dark, with the exception of Niza and stains.
Where does the butterfly live a big night peacock eye?
Pavlin-eyed pear is a thermal-loving, non-transporting frost, exclusively the southern species of butterflies. The area of \u200b\u200bthis species covers the southern and partially Central Europe, the Mediterranean from the Pyrenean to the Balkan Peninsula, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, South of Romania, Ukraine, the Southern European Regions of Russia. Also, the big night peacock eyes lives in the north-west of Africa (Algeria, Morocco), in Turkey, in the Middle East, the Caucasus, Transcaucasia, inhabit such countries as Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Israel, Syria, Lebanon.
The butterfly of Saturn Miscean lives in the gardens, parks, on the edges of the deciduous forests, in a palpal, on the shrub shrub slopes. Occasionally regions. But these cases are single and not typical. Perhaps with the onset of global warming of the big night peacock eye will expand the territory of their stay.
The reproduction of Pavlin-eyed pears
Saturn pears are night butterflies. They fly from April to June in the evening twilight and at night. The females are less mobile: basically they are sitting on the branches and trunks of trees. The males are more active, much flies, and they can even fly during the day. Due to its long, sensitive mustache, males feel females firms at huge distances. Back in the XIX century, the French entomologist Jean Henri Fabr found that Saturn Pearsheva will reveal a female for 10 km, but if he is deprived of the mustache, this ability disappears.
Adult butterfly Pavlin-eyed pear does not eat, and the life of a large nightly peacock eye is from 4-5 days to 2 weeks. The males live about 8 days, females - up to 20 days. After pairing the females of a large nightly peacock, her eyes are looking for a suitable place for egg laying. They laid 250-410 eggs into one layer with several heaps or rows on thin branches or leaves of trees that are suitable for further feeding of caterpillars. For 24 hours, the female can postpone up to 140 eggs, though by the end of life, this amount is reduced to 2-3 pieces. Having postponing all the eggs, butterfly dies. Egg fruit saturnium has a white-gray color and dimensions 2x2.5 mm.
Crawler of Saturn Pearsheva hatred after 10-20 days. After hatching, they eat part of the egg shell in which they were, and then actively eat the leaves of fruit trees: not only pears, but also, tern, cherries, Alyci, plums, walnuts. Also, the caterpillars of Pavlin-eyed pears feed on the leaves of cherry, apricot, peach, quince, almonds, blacks, olives, ash, elm, olma, linden, poplar, alder, maple, plane and other deciduous plants. When leaving the eggs of the caterpillar has a size of about 5-6 mm, but, eliminating, they become very large: 9-10 cm long and thickness in the finger of an adult. The development of the caterpillars lasts 1.5-2 months, and its color changes throughout the life:
- When hatching out of the egg, a gerier peachalen caterpillar has a black or dark brown color. Four rows of warts, of which long hairs stick out, painted in light brown tones.
- In the second stage of the development of warts become orange.
- In the third stage, the body of the caterpillars acquires a green-blue tint, warts become yellow, head and anal segments acquire a brown color.
- During the fourth stage of development, as well as adult caterpillars have yellowish-green and heavenly blue warts, in addition to hairs, spikes filled with liquid appear. In addition, a long yellow band becomes clearly visible on the side of the body.
- A golden brown color is acquiring a golden brown color before puzzling the caterpillar, due to which blue warts look even more brightly.
By the way, adult caterpillars of Pavlin-eyed pears are able to squeak. With the help of friction of the jaws, they publish sounds that precede the allocation of a special secret, scaring potential enemies: birds and volatile mice.
Pavlin-eyed caterpillars are actively eating from May until August, and in about July-August they leave the crown of trees, slide down the trunk and begin to be keen. Using the salivary glands, the caterpillar allocates special silk threads and is wounded by them. Usually cocoons are located in the root part of the forage trees, as well as between the stones. Some cocoons can be detected and attached to the branches of trees. Cocoon Pavlin-eyed pears is very dense, pear, brown, 35-50 mm long. Already being in the cocoon, the caterpillar turns into a doll. In this form, it and winter.
Large night peacock eyes gives only one generation per year. If the weather does not favor, and the spring and summer is cold, the pupa can be overwhelmed again: Thus, the view retains the population without exposing itself to the danger during the breeding period. For reactivation, the pupa is required period of 120-140 days with a temperature of 8 to 16 degrees Celsius. If spring is warm, butterflies leave their cocoons, rise to some elevation to straighten and dry the wings, and take off.
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