The best way independently learn to recognize edible and not edible mushrooms - It is familiar with their names, descriptions and photos. Of course, it is better if you walk on the forest with an experienced mushroom, or show your prey at home, but learn to distinguish real and false mushrooms to everyone.
The names of the fungi alphabetically, their descriptions and photos can be found in this article, which in the future can be used as a manual for mushrooms.
Types of mushrooms
Species diversity Mushrooms are very wide, so there is a strict classification of these forest inhabitants (Figure 1).
So, by edacy they are divided into:
- Edible (white, boletus, champignon, chanterelle, etc.);
- Conditional and edible (Dubovik, green, cheerking, grudge, line);
- Poisonous (satanic, death cap, Amanita).
In addition, they are accepted to divide the cap Niza. According to this classification, they are tubular (externally resembles a porous sponge) and lamellar (on inner side Hats are well noticeable plates). The first group includes oil, white, boomes and booms. To the second - Ryzhiki, freight, chanterelles, hassle and cheerful. An individual group is considered curry, to which crumbs and truffles belong.
Figure 1. Classification of edible grades It is also accepted to share them food value. According to this classification, they are four types:
Since species there is a lot, we give the name of the most popular with their pictures. The best edible mushrooms with photos and names are given in the video.
Edible mushrooms: photo and titles
Edible varieties include those that can be freely eaten in fresh, dried and boiled form. They have high taste, and to distinguish an edible copy from the inedible in the forest can be in the color and shape of the fruit body, smell and some characteristic features.
Figure 2. Popular edible species: 1 - White, 2 - Veshinka, 3 - Waves, 4 - chanterelles We offer a list of the most popular edible mushrooms with photos and names. (Figure 2 and 3):
- White Mushroom (Borovik) - the most valuable find for the mushroom. He has a massive light leg, and the color of the hat may differ from cream to dark brown, depending on the growing region. At the breakfast, the pulp does not change the color, and has a light walnut aroma. It happens a few species: birch, pine and oak. They are all similar to external characteristics And come in food.
- Oyshemka: Royal, pulmonary, horned and lemon, grows mainly on the trees. Moreover, it is possible to collect it not only in the forest, but also at home, seating mycelium on logs or stumps.
- Waves, White and pink, have a cap depressed in the center, the diameter of which can reach 8 cm. The wave is a sweet pleasant smell, and on a breakfast, the fruit body begins to distinguish sticky adhesive juice. They can be found not only in the forest, but also in open places.
- Lisuki - more often there are bright yellow, but exist and light species (white chanterelle). They have a cylindrical leg that expands upwards, and the hat is not proper form, slightly apart in the middle.
- Maslenok It also happens a few species (real, cedar, deciduous, grainy, white, yellow-brown, painted, red-red, red, gray, etc.). The most common is considered true Maslenokwhich grows on sandy soils in deciduous forests. Hat flat, with a small tubercle in the middle, and characteristic sign - Skin mucosa, which is easily separated from the pulp.
- Wood, meadow, autumn, summer and winter, belong to edible varieties that are very easy to collect, as they grow large colonies on trees trunks and stumps. The color of the open may differ depending on the growth region and the species, but, as a rule, its shade varies from cream to light brown. Characteristic feature edible oh - The presence of a ring on the leg, which is not in false twins.
- Boosynoviki belong to tubular: they have a thick leg and a proper shape hat, the color of which is different depending on the type of cream to yellow and dark brown.
- Ryzhiks - bright, beautiful and tasty you can meet in coniferous forests. Hat of the right shape, flat or funnel. The leg is cylindrical and dense, the color coincides with the hat. The flesh is orange, but in the air quickly greashes and begins to highlight juice with a pronounced smell of coniferous resin. The smell is pleasant, and the taste of his flesh is slightly sharp.
Figure 3. Best edible mushrooms: 1 - Maslenok, 2 - Owls, 3 - Boosynoviki, 4 - Ryzhiki Edible varieties also include champignons, shiitakes, raw materials, truffles and many other species that are not so much interested in mushrooms. However, it should be remembered that almost every edible grade is a poisonous twin, titles and features of which we will look at below.
Conditionally edible
Conditionally edible varieties are slightly smaller, and they are suitable for eating only after special thermal processing. Depending on the variety, it is necessary or for a long time to boil, periodically changing water, or just soak in clean water, squeeze and cook.
The most popular conditionally edible varieties include (Figure 4):
- Grup - A variety with a dense pulp, which is quite suitable for eating, although in the countries of the West, the freight is considered inedible. They are accepted to soak to remove bitterness, and then plant and marine.
- Rogging green (green) different from others pronounced green Legs and hats, which is saved even after heat treatment.
- Smoldchchi - Conditionally edible specimens with unusual form Hats and thick leg. Eating them is recommended only after thorough heat treatment.
Figure 4. Conditional grades: 1 - Gruzdery, 2 - Green, 3 - Mock Calculative and edible also include some types of truffles, cheese makers and amansorov. But there is one important rule that should be followed by collecting any fungi, including conditionally edible: if you have at least small doubts about edible, it is better to leave prey in the forest.
Inedible mushrooms: photo and titles
Salads include species that are not eaten due to health hazard, bad taste and too solid pulp. Many representatives of this category are completely poisonous (fatal) for humans, others can cause hallucinations or easy indisposition.
It is worthwhile to bypass such inedible copies. (with photos and names in Figure 5):
- Death cap - The most dangerous resident of the forest, as even a small part of it can cause a fatal outcome. Despite the fact that it grows in almost all forests, it is quite difficult to meet it. Externally, it is absolutely proportional and very attractive: young copies of a ball with a slight greenish tint, with age, she whites and pulls out. Pale zeads are often confused with young floats ( conditionally edible mushrooms), champignons and raws, and since one major copy can easily poison several adults, with the slightest doubts, a suspicious or dubious copy is better not to put in a basket.
- Red Moon, I know, perhaps, everyone. It is very beautiful, with a bright red hat, covered with white spots. It can grow both aimed and groups.
- Satanic - one of the most common twins white mushroom. It is easy to distinguish it on a light hat and a brightly colored leg, uncharacteristic for Borovikov.
Figure 5. Hazardous Inedible Grade: 1 - Pale Relochades, 2 - Moomer Red, 3 - Satanic Mushroom In fact, each edible double has a false twin, which is masked for a real and can get into the basket of an inexperienced lover of a quiet hunting. But, in fact, the greatest fatal danger represents the pale refining.
Note: But not only the fruit bodies of pale refunds themselves are considered to be poisonous, but even their mycelium and disputes, so it is strictly forbidden to even put them in the basket.
Most of the inedible varieties cause pain in the stomach and symptoms of strong poisoning, and a person has enough medical care. In addition, many inedible varieties are distinguished by an unattractive appearance and low taste, so you can eat them only by chance. Nevertheless, you must always remember the danger of poisoning, and carefully revise all the extraction that you brought from the forest.
The most dangerous inedible mushrooms are described in detail in the video.
The main difference between hallucinogenic from other species is that they have a psychotropic effect. Their action is largely similar to narcotic substances, so their intentional collection and consumption is punishable by criminal liability.
Common hallucinogenic varieties include (Figure 6):
- Amanita red - Ordinary inhabitant deciduous forests. In antiquity, tincture and decoctions from it were used as an antiseptic, immunomodulatory agent and intoxicating substances for various rituals among the peoples of Siberia. However, it is not recommended to eat it in food because of the effect of hallucinations, as for the cause of strong poisoning.
- Sprintry shit Received its name due to the fact that it grows directly on the piles of feces. Representatives of varieties are small, with brown hatsSometimes with a shiny and sticky surface.
- Panelous Bellol (Bell Slash) It also grows mainly on the soil fertilized soils, but can occur and simply on wetlands. Color Hats and legs - from white to gray, grinding gray.
- Stroofaria blue-green Prefers the stumps of coniferous trees, growing on them alone or groups. It will not happen to eat it, because he has a very unpleasant taste. In Europe, such a strange is considered edible and even bred on farms, whereas in the US, it is considered to be poisonous due to several deaths.
Figure 6. Common Hallucinogenic varieties: 1 - red amanita, 2 - shit Stroofaria, 3 - Panelous Bellol, 4 - Stroofry blue-green Most hallucinogenic species grow in those places where edibles simply do not come together (too wetlands, completely rotten stumps and piles of manure). In addition, they are small, mostly on thin legs, so it is difficult to confuse them with edibles.
Poisonous mushrooms: photo and titles
All poisonous varieties are somehow similar to edible (Figure 7). Even fatally dangerous pale toading, especially young specimens, can be confused with a raw.
For example, there are several doubles of Borovik - Borovik Le Gal, beautiful and purple, which differ from the present legs or hats too bright color, as well unpleasant odor Meakty. There are also varieties that are easy to confuse with opens or raw materials (for example, a fiber and govirushka). The bile looks like white, but his pulp is very bitter taste.
Figure 7. Poisonous twins: 1 - Borovik Purple, 2 - bile, 3 - Royal Amanita, 4 - Zholkoli champignon There are also poisonous twins, which differ from the present absence of a lean skirt on the leg. To poisonous varieties include agricultural machines: ibinamide, panther, red, royal, smelly and white. Cointers are easy to disguise under raw materials, rhymes or boosal.
There are several types of poisonous champignons. For example, yellowing is easy to confuse with an ordinary edible copy, but during heat treatment it highlights pronounced nasty smell.
Unusual Mushrooms World: Names
Despite the fact that Russia is truly mushroom country, very unusual instances can be found not only here, but also around the world.
We offer you several options for unusual edible and poisonous varieties with photos and names. (Figure 8):
- Blue - Bright azure color. Meets in India and New Zealand. Despite the fact that his toxicity is not very studied, it is not recommended to use it.
- Bleeding tooth - very bitter grade, which is theoretically edible, but unattractive appearance And bad taste make it unsuitable in food. Occurs in North America, Iran, Korea and some European countries.
- bird's Nest - An unusual New Zealand grade, which in shape really resembles a nest of birds. Inside the fruit body are disputes, which under the action of rainwater spread around.
- Blackberry comb Meets in Russia. Its taste is similar to the meat of shrimp, and externally resembles a shaggy bunch. Unfortunately, it is rare and listed in the "Red Book", so it is grown mainly by artificially.
- Giant head - Far relative of the champignon. He is also edible, but only young copies with a white flesh. It occurs throughout the deciduous forests, in the fields and meadows.
- Cigar devil - Not only very beautiful, but also a rare variety, which is found only in Texas and several regions of Japan.
Figure 8. The most unusual mushrooms of the world: 1 - blue, 2 - bleeding tooth, 3 - Bird's nest, 4 - blackberry comb, 5 - Giant head, 6 - Devil cigar Another unusual representative is considered to be a shroud of brain, which is found primarily in moderate climates. There is it impossible, since he is deadly poisonous. We led a far from a complete list of unusual varieties, since all over the world there are specimens strange form and colors. Unfortunately, most of them are inedible.
An overview of unusual mushrooms of the world is given in the video.
Plate and tubular: titles
All mushrooms are divided into lamellar and tubular, depending on the type of pulp on the hat. If it resembles a sponge - it is tubular, and if the bands are visible under the hat - then the plate.
Most. famous representative The tubular is considered white, but this group also includes oil, subbrasts and boosions. The plate, perhaps, saw everything: this is the most ordinary champignon, but it is among the lamellar varieties most of all poisonous. Among edible representatives, you can highlight crops, rhyge, whale and chanterelles.
The number of types of mushrooms on earth
Some mushrooms prefer to engage in a quiet hunting exclusively in supermarkets. Their heart warms the fact that only edible mushrooms are sold in stores. True lovers forest walks It is hardly possible to satisfy champignons or oysteries that have grown under the artificial sun, never bathed in the morning dew, not by the smell of needles. One who at least once participated in the mushroom hunt will surely strive to the forest not only with a culinary goal - to collect and eat. Every mushroomnik is familiar to an unforgettable feeling when inconspicuous holmik, all covered by last year's foliage, turns out to be a family of strong oils with brown hats. Quiet hunting Does not imply loud weather with shooting, but the gambling pleasure from the find brings no less.
"Vegetable meat" for your table
The list of edible and inedible mushrooms growing in our forests is not so large and is quite accessible to study. To learn how to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous, check out our encyclopedia. Complete theoretical practices of entertaining practice in the forest - and the entire experience of previous generations will be absorbed. Edible mushrooms photos and name are presented on the site and are described as detailed as possible. We have collected rich information designed to teach anyone who wants to behave proper behavior in the forest. A little patience - and wonderful food Product With a high protein content, the so-called "vegetable meat" will turn out to be on your desk.
All edible mushrooms are assigned separate classes. The best traditionally considered mushrooms belonging to the first category: white, freight and rims. They are the most delicious, for them is suitable for any kind culinary processing. Fried, boiled, pickled, salty, dried, they are proud of the mushroom and the present desk decoration. For the second class, champignons, booms, boosters, boosters, oil, oakoviki are counted. Many mushrooms love them no less than first-class. The third category is less well-known, but also delicious and beloved Mochoviki, Valiui, Syroezhka, Walkers, Mock, chanterelles. Fourth - squeaks, oyster, umbrellas, robes, raincoats.
Important rule for beginners
Each, even a smartly serious mushroom knows that the only pale custody can spoil all mushrooms in a basket. There is an indisputable rule: in case of detection among the collected mushrooms, at least one poisonous crop is sent to the garbage basket. This is an axiom confirmed by numerous experiments of gatherers who have regretted throwing out the fruits of their works and having risen as a result of a hospital bed with severe intoxication. Do not risk your health, but the more health of loved ones, especially children. They transfer poisoning mushrooms very hard.
For mushrooms - confident and without fear
On the virtual pages of our site all types of edible mushrooms are collected, which only can meet in your area. Useful information They will be useful:
- experimental mushrooms to refresh in mind already known knowledge and get new;
- those who are going to mushroom hunt for the first time and does not represent, what are the edible mushrooms;
- lovers who have not been in the forest have long been in the forest and forgotten differences between suitable and unsuitable mushrooms.
The section includes edible mushrooms photo and name as well detailed description Each type indicating individual species and differences between them. Even one type of mushrooms can be used in food without restrictions, and can only be used after repeated digestion or soaking.
Overseas in our forests, robes relate to various categories, they are edible, and conditionally edible. Accordingly, the taste of them are different. Not all the mushrooms take their color varieties, for example, red and purple - due to a specific flour smell and quite medium taste. To help lovers to distinguish between robes, photos and names of these mushrooms are collected. Peppercoat, unlike other delicious species, the butter quite justifies its name and is suitable only as a seasoning.
The best quality mushrooms - care and caution
What mushrooms love to collect absolutely all - adults and children? Cute long-legged hassle! They grow large colonies on the same well-visible places for many years in a row. Before rushing with a knife to another friendly female, closely boring on a stump or a painted tree, remember some of their features. Almost any kind of any kind is like a poisonous twin. You can distinguish them, only having a photo and description of each. Also, quite an edible row learned very similar to a poisonous govarus. Errors when collecting happen even from experienced experts.
Before putting a discovery in the basket, specify its name and description, be sure to compare your mushroom with its twin in the photo. These simple actions will reliably protect you from the oversight. Do not attempt home all that is found in the forest, it can be dangerous. Some collectors rely on popular beliefs and put all the fungi found in the basket hoping to deal with them at home.
To this day, among the mushrooms in the go, erroneous statements that poisonous mushrooms do not eat slugs and insects. The people are sometimes trying to determine which mushrooms fell into Lukoshko, to change the color of the bulbs, a clove of garlic, silver products. Omitted to boiling decoction with inedible mushrooms, they allegedly darken. All these statements do not have grounds. Confidence in the quality of forest production can only be given the names of the edible mushrooms titles with descriptions and photos.
Collecting the crop of mushrooms, it is necessary to be extremely careful, because along with edible specimens on the expanses of the native land, inedible, and sometimes poisonous representatives are growing. Eating such mushrooms can lead to severe poisoning, often cases when such a notch ends with a fatal outcome. To know what mushrooms are poisonous, you need to carefully study the catalogs of inedible mushrooms, you should not collect suspicious or little-known specimens.
Death cap
Another name of the Mushroom is a green amanita, his hat in a swing grows from 6 to 12 centimeters, the color of the skin is yellow-boring-olive, pale green, very rarely the outer surface is practically white. The shape of the egg-shaped hats first, then flat-convex and at the end becomes fully prostrated. On the skin you can notice warts white flakes. The sporing layer consists of wide free plates that do not change painting. The leg in the form of a cylinder with thickening downstairs, its height is 8-15 centimeters, painted in a white and yellow or white-green shade. White flesh not to change the color on the cut.
Voyi false (hung mushroom)
The shape of the hats of young copies convex-rounded, the edges are repaired, the diameter is about 8-10 centimeters, more mature have a flat shape with a tubercle in the center, the skin is smooth, adhesive, the color of the surface varies from light yellow to brown, and the edges almost always remain white. There is a torment on the leg, it grows up to 9 centimeters in height and 2 centimeters in thickness. The structure of the pulp dense, color cream or white, has an unpleasant smell, it is a little bit like the smell of potatoes or repka. The plate layer was increasing, the young of the light gray then gradually darkens.
Fiber Patueyar
The mushroom is a deadly danger for the human body. The scope of the Hat 3-9 centimeters, it is painted in red-yellow shades, there are radial fibers on the skin, from the bell-conical, its shape is changing to fully prostrate. Frequent, free plates have a white color with a flask of an olive-brown shade, blush when pressed. The leg has a cylinder form, the length does not exceed 7 centimeters, the diameter is 1-2 centimeters, the color is usually a slightly lighter tone of the surface of the Hat. Whitish pulp does not have a strong smell, but the taste is unpleasant, blushes on a cut.
Gallery boring
A convex or bell-haired hat has a brown color with a yellow tint, the ripe copies are flat, the edges are shone and can notice the grooves located in parallel. Narrow plates descending onto the leg, at the beginning of growth painted into light tones when the disputes ripen they acquire a brown-rusty shade. The brown leg is thin and not too long only 4-5 centimeters, the ring of yellow is located on top, it disappears with age, the leg above it is covered with a torment raid. The flesh has a torment smell, brown in a leg and yellow in a hat. This type of invalid poisonous mushrooms You can often meet in the forests of Kuban.
Gymnopilus Juno
This species refers to hallucinogenic mushrooms. The spread of the hat is 3-15 centimeters, semi-like young people, later transformed into a convex or prostrate. Small-haired surface painted in orange- or oar-yellow. The plates are often located, wide, yellow at all young copies and brown-rusty become with age, the flesh has a pronounced almond smell, her color is pale yellow with a brown tint. The leg grows from 3 to 20 centimeters in length, the thickness does not exceed 4 centimeters thickened at the base, the color is brown, there is a clear ring of a small size.
White govitka
The diameter of the Hat 2-7 centimeters, the surface is severe, the convex shape with age is transformed into the open or funnel-shaped. On the skin of a dirt-white color, you can notice the stains of the dark color, the wavy edge of the young people gets. Low-burning plates are located often, their color cream or pale gray, pink-yellow in old instances. Basically, the leg is smooth, but it can be a little twist, does not grow more than 5 centimeters in height and 0.7 centimeters in thickness, painted in pale brown or white. White pulp is not inclined to change the color on a break.
Peduchable germ
The dimensions of the mushroom hats 3-9 centimeters, on the skin you can see centric circles, the surface of the surface is dark brown with a clear chipper of purple shade. Basically, the shape of the hats is flat, and the edges are repaired, sometimes there is a small tubercle in the center. The plates are frequent, white, old mushrooms are more often yellow-cream. The leg is short, but massive, becomes a hollow as ripening. When pressed on the outer part of the cap, a distinct stain of brown color appears.
Bile mushroom
It can grow by single or large groups, externally resembles a white mushroom, the leg is strong and massive, the flesh fibrous, the thickness reaches 7 centimeters, there is a dense brown mesh on the skin. The hat is a spongy formation, in the upper part it has a thin layer of a porous substance, initially a semi-like shape with age resembles a saucer. The surface is painted in a pale brown or saturated-hidden shade. Insects this species Does not damage - this is another sign that can be selected this poisonous mushroom.
Greenfinch
The outer surface of the hat has a bright green color, it is convex, and the characteristic tubercle is located in the center, in a more mature age on the skin you can observe frequent flakes, the diameter of the hat 12-15 centimeters. Maximum height The legs are 3 centimeters and about 2 centimeters thickness, the surface is painted in green and less yellow. The plates are arranged tightly, their color varies from yellow to lemon, the sporing layer inherent in a distinct smell of flour. The pulp on the cut is white, but soon changes the color to yellow. This is one of the most common intolerable species of mushrooms that the mushrooms in the Rostov region are stumbled.
Greats (lepiot) umbrella
The size of the hat is even an adult mushroom does not exceed 4 centimeters, the young man looks like an inverted bell, later more and more cracks, the outer surface is dry and velvety covered with scales, the color is pink or gray, and ripe-brown mature instances. The plates are small and easily break, the thin leg grows about 5 centimeters in length, the surface of silky, in the middle can be observed the remains of the ring, which almost unnoticed by old mushrooms. Distinctive feature It is a quick red flesh on a cut, which has an unpleasant smell of rotten garlic.
False Pork (Thin)
The hat has a smooth surface, in a swing reaches 6-14 centimeters, the edge is low and velvety, its form is rounded, but the center is slightly populated, the skin is painted into olive-brown, when the mushroom is still young and with time acquires a servo or rust-brown shade with time. Typically, the surface is dry, but becomes sticky when air humidity rises. The plates descending on the leg have a brown-yellow color, while pressing the saturated brown shade is acquired. The color legs are usually identical to the skin of the cap, no more than 9 centimeters in height and 2.5 centimeters in thickness thickened at the base. The soft pulp has a dense structure, it can be yellow-brown or light yellow, but when pressed it quickly darkens.
False chanterelles
A small mushroom hat in diameter is only 1-6 centimeters, flat in the beginning of growth, later becomes funk-like, the edge is omitted, the center is added, the peel velvety, painted in a bright orange color with a yellow or red tint, fades with age. The leg is smooth and thin long no more than 6 centimeters, sometimes bends under the weight of the cap, the skin color is identical to the hat only at the base is still almost black. Branched plates are often located, descending on the leg, the flesh has a mushroom smell, its color is white with a yellow tint.
Meltnik gray pink
The round of the hat is flat or convex, the edges are usually bent, ripening, transformed into a funnel-shaped, edges are spread, but in the center there is a tubercle, the diameter of 13-15 centimeters, the skin to the touch dry and velvety, its shade is rare or gray-pink, rarely yellow-sand. A smooth leg has a smooth skin, usually a little lighter of the outer surface of the cap, the young cavity in the cavity is missing, the length of the legs 5-9 centimeters, a diameter of 2-3 centimeters. Thick flesh is quite fragile, the color does not change on the cut, but it highlights milky Juice, color is almost white sometimes with a yellow tint, has a distinct smell of spices and bitter taste.
Shipping Meltnik
A thin flea hat has a flat shape, thin veins can be seen on the skin, it is transformed into a flat-open, and in the center the papillary buccorkas with an acute end. The edges of the caps are lowered weakly-rods sometimes straight, the outdoor color color is red-pink, carmino or lilac-red, there are small scales. Plates Willy, narrow, frequent, descending, pink-icy hint brown with pressed. The pink-lilf leg narrows closer to the base in length reaches 2-6 centimeters, the thickness does not exceed 1 centimeter. Pale white flesh is green when pressing.
Amanita Spring (smelly)
Hat wide resembles a curved saucer, the outer part is smooth and glitters, usually its shade is light cream or white. The leg is usually not longer than 13 centimeters and is not thicker 4 centimeters, thickened in a place where it is attached to a hat, sometimes you can notice the rings, rough skin, is a sticky flare. The flesh is white and contains contact poisons, it is impossible to touch this mushroom. In the case of touch, it is urgently to wash your hands thoroughly. IN Belgorod region This inedible mushroom, along with others, is much more common.
Amanita red
As the hat grows, it is transformed from a spark-colored flat and flat, its scope of about 10-19 centimeters, the color of the outside is bright orange and the set of shades of red, on the skin there are white scales, but the rain can rinse them. The pulp smells nice, pale yellow or white, uneven, thick, frequent sporing layer plates white and as the fungus ripen ripening. The shape of the legs are cylindrical, dormant at the base, besides, it is covered with several rows of scales, the film ring can be seen on the leg, it hangs from ripe copies, the girth does not exceed 4 centimeters, length is about 8-20 centimeters. Often, this inedible type of mushrooms meet the mushrooms of the Leningrad region.
Amanita Pantry
Typically, the color of the caps are brown, but often there are copies with brown, gray or dirty-olive skin, on the surface there are white concentrically warts, easily separated from the hat. The young man is formed a rounded-convex hat, the ripe mushrooms are semi-prostrated, diameter 6-12 centimeters. Plates are free, they are expanding nearby caps, flew water and unpleasant smell. The height of the legs varies from 5 to 11 centimeters, in the girth - 1-2 centimeters, the surface is a darous, dirty-swollen at the base, the ring on the skin is noticeable.
Magnifier tormented
The color of the hat changes with the age of the fungus from white to green-yellow, diameter 4-9 centimeters, the semi-shape is replaced by a flat-convex, on the outer surface you can see small cereals of the gray shade - these are the remains of the bedspread. The pulp has a distinct odor and reminds raw potatoes, its color is white and in the break does not change. Narrow, free plates painted yellow or white. The leg has the shape of the cylinder, the thickness is 1-2 centimeters, the height is 5-11 centimeters, usually painted into the tone with the outer part of the hat, there is a noticeable hanging ring.
Olkhova fire
The mushroom grows great groups, a spherical hat when ripening is transformed into a cone-shaped, and later similar to the small (5 centimeters) saucer, the outer side is covered with scales they are lemon like a skin of the caps. Small, thin, often planted plates change the yellow-lemon color to darker. There is no ring on a high and thin leg, the skin surface is painted in a tone of the cap, the pulp on the cut color does not lose.
Opener false brick red
At the beginning of the growth, the round-orange hat is rounded, as the saucer is already similar to the saucer, it takes a red-brick tint, at the edges there are scraps of the underfloor bedspread in the form of large flakes. The leg is long, and the thickness does not exceed 2 centimeters. The ring is inherent in the present opens.
Opel Sulfur-Yellow
Rate of the convex bell-shaped 2-6 centimeters, mature, takes a flat shape, a smooth surface, the color hesitates from yellow-brown to sulfur yellow, and the edges are always lighter, the center can be red-brown. Frequent, wide plates have yellow-green or brown-olive color. In the thickness, the leg does not exceed 1 centimeter, height reaches 10 centimeters, the cylindrical shape is narrowed at the base. The flesh is a fibrous with an unpleasant smell and bitter taste, painted in sulfur yellow.
Pepper mushroom
The convex-rounded hat with a diameter of 2-8 centimeters as it grows almost a flat shape, the outer part is velvety, dry and gluits in the sun, is covered with mucus while increasing humidity. The color of the outer surface of the hat is copper, orange, light brown, brown or red. The pulp possesses the colorful yellow sulfur, takes a more red shade on a break. The length of a slightly curved leg 4-9 centimeters, in the girth of no more than 1.5 centimeters, narrows closer to the base, usually the shade of the surface is identical to the hat. The tubes have grown, descending, pores are large, their color is brown-red.
Lelveler red
The hat and leg in the mushroom is absent, the fruit body at the beginning of the growth of the egg-shaped about 6 centimeters into the height and 5 centimeters wide, covered with a leathery shell of brown or white, under which there is a mucous-shape, a dome-shaped mesh structure is formed in the depth of the mushroom. Ripening the outer surface of the shell is bursting and the mushroom takes a view of a bright sphere with incorrect shape cells. The surface inside the sphere islandered by the mucous darkens, it has a sharp grinding smell.
Satanian mushroom
The view is quite large, the scope of a semi-shaped hat 10-25 centimeters, the outer part is velvety and dry, the skin is dirty-gray or white, sometimes with a yellow tinge and pale green divorces. The tubular layer is yellow in young and yellow-green in mature representatives, small pores change painting with yellow on red-orange, while pressing sometimes blue is shine green tint. The leg is barrel and massive, about 7-15 centimeters high and from 3 to 9 centimeters in thickness, top-colored in pale yellow, in the middle - red-orange, there is a net drawing. The flesh is creamy, it slowly blues on a break, over time and is becoming blue at all.
Porn thick
The hat has a brown or rust-brown color, the center is added, the edges are wrapped inward, gradually transforms and takes a convex look, and the color changes to the brown-olive, the diameter of 15-25 centimeters, the surface is dry and velvety. Cream plates are lowered onto the leg, brown when pressed, the rigid flesh has a dense structure, brown on the cut. The fleece feet at the base extended, the peel is dark brown, velvety, the width is about 3-5 centimeters, the height is 5-10 centimeters.
Syroezhka Maiden
A fine-meaty hat reaches 3-6 centimeters in diameter, at an early stage of growth, it is half a challenge and then gradually transformed into a flat-prostrate, and in the maturity weakly prostrate. Tint of the outer part of purple-pink, boroo-purple or purple-purple. Plates are thin, narrow, attached, flavored from the legs, first white or cream, later yellow. The leg is more commonly cylindrical than male-shaped, height 5-7 centimeters, diameter - 1-1.5 centimeters, white or yellow with a distinct madly smell. The fragile flesh of white yellow is yellowing for 8-10 hours, freshly taste.
Syroezhka Zhghead (vomit)
The smooth, the shiny surface of the Hat is painted in a bright-scarlet color, in the middle there is a dark spot, scope from 3 to 10 centimeters. The young woman has a convex, matting, takes a flat form or cracks, the middle is usually intended, in the edges you can see radial furrows. The plates have grown, rare, their color is rich white and only in the oldest copies they are cream. The male-shaped leg is also white sometimes with a pink tint, it grows in a thickness of about 2 centimeters, in height - 7-9 centimeters, the skin is covered with a raid. The pulp of a strong smell does not have, white and the cut does not lose color.
Entoloma poisonous
The mushroom hat is rather wide and flat, as 20-22 centimeters ripening can be 20-22, the outer part of the silky, is covered with mucus when the air humidity increases, the skin shade varies from yellow to brown. Powerful plates are rarely located, at first they are cream, later they pose. The flesh on the break is dense, white, has a pronounced smell of fresh flour. Flexible, fibrous leg in length grows up to 11 centimeters, but the thickness does not exceed 2.5 centimeters.
Which of us in summer or in the fall at least once did not go to the forest for mushrooms? About what are edible mushrooms: photo and description Mysteries of the middle strip of Russia.
Everyone has their own favorite fishing lockers, where the most beautiful and delicious mushrooms grow. Of course, far from the civilization of mushrooms in the forest can be found much more. Yes, and as a rule, they usually do not have to seek themselves. Another thing - forests near villages and towns. When a lot of people with baskets have passed along the forest path, find a good mushroom is not so simple. Therefore, it is important to go to search for mushrooms early in the morning, it is better to stand before sunrise. Then it is not hot in the forest, and the mushrooms are not going to collect. Someone walks on the edge of the forest, and someone in dense yelnik Looks up. Experienced Mushroomniks have all the places in the country: in one, they are booming, foxes, and in the third - white mushrooms. And they choose a place depending on the weather and time of year. When summer is wet, mushrooms grow there, where less moisture, that is, on the edges, yes, away from the tree trunks. In the arid summer, the mushrooms are rush to the shade, under fir branches, in thick and high grass.
When collecting mushrooms, it is better not to pull them out of deep moss, damaging the fungne, and cut off with a knife at the bottom of the leg. It is more convenient to immediately clean the leg from the ground and needles, and not drag dirt on yourself. Firstly, overweight, secondly, all mushrooms are repaid, then it will have to clean longer. The main rule of the mushroom painter: doubt what kind of mushrooms in front of you, - do not take! It is also worth refrain from collecting surpired and flabby mushrooms, as they accumulate toxic substances. For the same reason, it is necessary to go through the forest as quickly as possible in the forest, carefully examining all the places where mushrooms can hide. Many mushrooms grow not one by one, but entire families. Having found one white, you need to carefully examine everything around. There are some more sitting there. And chanterelles so generally glades grow. You can find more than a dozen of these bright red mushrooms in one place.
At home collected mushrooms clean and sort depending on further processing: for drying, salting, marinations. White mushrooms, booms and boomes are practically no need to clean if you have already removed all the dirt from the legs. Wallout and chanterelles also need to wash. But with the butters will have to tinker, removing sticky skin from the hat, for she is baptized. If you caught chervy Mushroom, do not rush to throw it away. You can soak such a mushroom for several hours in cold Solenoy Water, and all the worms will come out of it. Forest mushrooms - white, boosions, boomes, chanterelles, butter, hassle, raw - are used in almost all kitchens in the world. In order to be able to use them all year, you need to processes them correctly. White mushrooms, boosions and boomes can be frozen raw. The remaining mushrooms before frost need to boil.
Several photos of edible mushrooms from the forest in baskets.
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White mushrooms: photo and description
Now a few words about every one of the most popular edible mushrooms in the middle lane. White mushroom is deservedly considered a mushroom king. It can be prepared in any form: marine, saline, dry, fry, cook. At the same time, the flesh of the mushroom in any case saves its white color. Coloring mushroom hats may vary. It can be yellow, brown, purple, brown. The feet of the mushroom is dense, thickening downstairs, often with a mesh pattern. The flesh of a white mushroom is always white, the color does not change on the cut. White mushroom can be found in the forest from June to October, depending on the region.
White mushroom is nutritious and tastier many others. He has a beneficial effect on the immune system, as well as thyroid gland. In addition, white mushrooms contribute to strengthening nails and skin, and also help in prevention. peptic disease, tuberculosis, angina and cancer.
There is a white mushroom inedible twinWearing title bile mushroom . It is difficult to choose them, but it is possible to spoil all the mushrooms in one bowler. The taste and everyone will become disgustingly bitter. How to recognize it? Externally, it is very similar to the white, especially young. Only bottom layer Hats of the bile mushroom - pink, and the pulp on the cut is pink.
Now let's see how edible mushrooms look like, photos of white mushrooms.
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24-25. Right - a boletus. 
Mushrooms Support: Photo and Description
The boletus or redhead is an excellent mushroom, a little inferior to the white taste. Coloring Hats - from red to white-brown. The diameter of the hat reaches 20 centimeters, the height of the leg is 15 centimeters. Cylindrical leg covered with fibrous scales. On the cut the flesh shines, and some species become reddish or purple color. The boletus is found in the mixed forest, among Osin and poplary from June to September. Similarities S. poisonous mushrooms has no.
Supports contain many beneficial substances: potassium, iron, phosphorus, as well as vitamins A, B and C. According to the amount of vitamin C, they are equivalent to grain crops, and in the content of vitamin RR, yeast and liver are not inferior.
We continue to look at edible mushrooms: photo of boosaine. I have them most, they are very photogenic. In photographs, it can be seen how different the boomines can be depending on the conditions.
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Mushrooms Painbezoviki: photo and description
Podberezovik or Obabok also refers to high-quality mushrooms. It is very common in Europe, Siberia, Far East And in the Urals. Growing in birch and mixed forests from June to September. Coloring caps can be grayish, whitish, brown, dark brown. There are more than 40 varieties. The flesh of the mushroom is whitish-gray, on the cut color does not change or pink a little. The leg is long, cylindrical, covered with dark scales. The diameter of the hat can reach 15 centimeters at the same height of the mushroom. The flesh of the mushroom is dense, but pretty quickly becomes loose, so mature booties are better not to collect. Podberezovik is considered a good absorbent capable of removing toxins. This mushroom fruitfully affects the work of the kidneys.
The following edible mushrooms: photo of boberic.
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Mushrooms Padds: Photos and Description
Paddor or Dubovik - edible mushroom of the same size as white, about 20 centimeters in diameter and 10-15 centimeters in height. The hat in the mushroom is dark brown or gray-green. On the slice immediately begins to shine, which often scares the mushrooms. The prangle has a pleasant taste and aroma. The feet of the mushroom is yellow-orange or red, with a mesh pattern. Grows the prank in mixed forests from July to September.
Can be confused with satanian mushroom which is poisonous. However, the Satanic Mushroom has a white hat or gray, with a sharp unpleasant smell.
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Mushrooms chanterelles: photo and description
Chanterelles are delicious edible mushrooms, especially good in fried or salty. And it is possible to fry them immediately, without prior disharge. Melts are growing with dense groups from July to October. The chanterelle has a convex or flat hat, gradually turning into a funnel-shaped. The whole mushroom is painted in bright yellow or pale orange. The flesh of chanterelles is dense, rubber, with a pleasant sour taste and the smell of dried fruit. The diameter of the Hats is up to 10 centimeters.
Distinctive feature of real chanterelle is the absence of worm and larvae. The flesh of this mushroom contains chinomannosis, which destructively acts on the larvae, enveloping and dissolving content. The chanterelles have a beneficial effect on the immune system, improve the work of the vision - remove the swelling and inflammation of the eyeball.
The following edible mushrooms: photo of chanterelles.
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Mushrooms Love: Photo and Description
Bloss summer, autumn (real) and winter widespread. Autumn Open is a very crop mushroom growing from the end of August to late autumn on stumps, trunks deciduous trees, especially old birches. They appear in the forest, they literally for a couple of weeks. It is especially valued by young whatever, to dial a basket which in the yield is very simple. Hats of young mushrooms spherical, with bent inside the edges, later they become convex with a tubercle in the center. Coloring Hats of yellow-brown shades, a hat is covered with brown scales. The flesh of the mushroom is dense and white, with a pleasant smell and sweet-astringent taste. Especially good ished for salting. Before use, they must be boiled at least 30 minutes.
It is important to know what looks like False pesters. In the summer you can meet a brick-red mushroom, which has a rounded-convex hat with cereal hanging around the edges. In the fall - a bright yellow mushroom, the surface of which is absolutely smooth, without characteristic scales.
Continue the story about edible mushrooms photos.
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We are glad to welcome on the blog. The mushroom season is in full swing, so our theme today will be edible mushrooms, the photo and the name of which you will find below. In our immense country there are many types of mushrooms, so even experienced mushrooms can not always distinguish edible from inedible. But false and poisonous species can spoil your dish, and in some cases, even become a cause of death.
In the article, you will find out which edible mushrooms are, what kinds of species are divided, where they grow and what they look, which mushrooms appear first. I will tell you what benefit they carry for your body and what is their nutritional value.
All mushrooms are divided into three main sections: edible, convention and edible, inedible (poisonous, hallucinogenic). All this hats mushrooms, they constitute only a small part of the extensive kingdom.
They can be divided into many criteria. The greatest value For us there is a structure of a hat, as sometimes in twins it is different.
Share:
- tubular (spongy) - the bottom cap consists of the smallest tubes, resembles a sponge;
- plate - plates at the bottom of the Hats, located radially;
- temporary (curl) - shredded hats.
You can also divide forest dars According to taste, according to the method of formation, shape, coloring, the nature of the surface of the cap and legs.
When and where mushrooms grow
In Russia and the CIS countries, mushroom sections occur almost throughout the territory, from the tundra to the steppe zones. The best mushrooms grow in a rich humid soil, which is well warmed. Lamaries of the forests do not like strong overvailing and excessive dryness. Best places For them in the meadow, where there are tenaks, on the edges, forest roads, landings and armor.
If summer is rainy mushroom places It is worth looking for an elevation, and if dry, near the trees in lowlands, where more moisture. As a rule, concrete species grow near certain trees. For example, the Ryzhik grows in pines and ate; white - in birch, pines, oak; The boletus - Usin.
Mushrooms in different climatic zones appear in different time, each other. We will analyze the middle lane:
- The first spring forest harvest - lines and smurches (April, May).
- In early June, boomes, butter, boosions, sweets appear. The duration of the wave is about 2 weeks.
- From mid-July, the second wave begins, which lasts 2-3 weeks. In the rainy years, the break between the June and July wave does not happen. Since July begins mass appearance Mushroom crop.
- August is marked by the massive growth of mushrooms, especially white.
- From mid-August and at the beginning of autumn, huge families of chanterelles, rims, are grown with a favorable weather.
IN wide forests The main season lasts from June to October, and from November to March in the forests you can find a winter mushroom. In the steppes more often found field mushrooms: Umbrellas, champignons, raincoat, meadow. Season - from June to November.
The composition of mushrooms, benefits
In the mushroom composition up to 90% of the water, and the dry part is predominantly protein. That is why the dons of forests are often called "forest meat" or "forest bread".
The nutritional value:
- In the mushroom protein, almost all amino acids enter, and even indispensable. Mushrooms are a significant part of the diet, however, due to the content of Fungin, they are better excluded from the menu to people suffering from kidney disease, liver and gastrointestinal tract.
- Carbohydrates in the "forest meat" are much less than protein. The mushroom carbohydrate differs from vegetable and absorbs better, approximately like milk or bread.
- Fat substances are absorbed as animal fats by 92-97%.
- The composition contains wine, fumaric, lemon, apple and other acids.
- The composition contains a large amount of vitamins PP, B1, A. Some varieties contain B2, C, D.
- Mushrooms are rich in iron, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium.
- The composition includes trace elements - zinc, fluorine, manganese, iodine, copper.
The edible gifts of the forests carry a lot of benefits, they were used with antiquity to treat diseases. Now it is useful and delicious food, and vegetarians replace them with meat.
Mushrooms are able to increase immunity, clean the vessels and reduce cholesterol levels, struggle with depression and excess weight. They help keep the beauty of hair, skin and nails. More about contraindications and useful properties Mushrooms on our site.
How to determine edible or no mushroom
How to distinguish edible mushrooms from inedible? After all, the boletus knows almost everyone, but rare and unusual instances are found in the forest. There are many ways.
For example, I had in my childhood interesting encyclopedia with pictures and descriptions, plus I always went to the forest with experimental mushrooms. By the way, this is the most best idea, Take with you to the forest, a person who is disassembled in mushroom affairs.
Several general tips:
- Consider if I saw the worms at least in the one mushroom made of mushrooms, they are edible.
- Tubular species are easier to distinguish from twins.
- Examine colors, white and greenish often indicates a poisonous twin.
- Do not try the mushrooms to taste, they are not always bitter, for example, a pale cant, a little sweet. Such an experiment can turn into poisoning.
- On false and poisonous doubles, a skirt is often found.
It is only small part Signs. Basically, each pair of twins their differences. Attention should be paid to the frequency of the plates at the bottom of the cap, mounting to the leg, color, pulp with a cut, the presence of rings. Below you will find the photo and the name of edible mushrooms with a short description.
How to look edible mushrooms
White Mushroom (Borovik)
The mushroom king has a light leg, a sponge under the hat has a cream and white color. If you break down a hat, it will not darken. He has several false and poisonous twins. For example, the Satanic mushroom has a dormant, and the biliary grows, the broken leg will cover the dark grid.
Support (Krasnogolovik)
In most cases, the boletus has a red cap, a dense pulp and leg. With dym, the cut is bluish or white, and the false redhead is red or pink.
Podberezovik (Obabok)
The colors of the cap differ from the dark brown to the light beige. It has an elongated leg with a gray mesh, and when cut does not change the color. A false mushroom has a dirty white or pink sponge, and his hat has a gray or pinkish.
Pretty massive mushroom with a velvet cap in the form of a pillow, with a lemon yellow pulp. The leg at the base is red, and the slope is shine. It is confused with satanic mushroom, but in color it is brighter.
This chanterelle has a color from pale pink to orange, its edges are wavy, corrugated, and under a plate of the plate. In the false version of the color from orange to the red. The edges jewelry are smooth, and when the juice is highlighted, white juice is distinguished.
Maslyaker is a yellow mushroom with a slippery-old spongy hat, which the film connects the film. W. false oils The hat is dark sometimes with a purple tint, under it plates. The sickness in the second, when removing, does not stretch, and the flesh blues.
Sponge flywheel, bright yellow sponge. In the "youth", his hat is velvet, and over time, it straightens and cracks. It has a dark green to bard. The leg without special enclosures, and the color does not change when the color does not change. It is often confused with pepper, bile and chestnut mushrooms. The main difference between Mokhovik - he grows on MCU.
The original has a color beige or cream, plates dark brown and skirt. Grows champignon in well-lit places. It is possible to confuse a popular mushroom with a pale and stinking mushroom, and they are deadly poisonous. Light records have light plates, and there are no skirts under the hat.
There are light cream and brown shades, on the leg they have a skirt, and on the caps of the scales, they are lamellar, grow on the stump. False pesters Brighter, they have no rings from the film.
The young raw hat has a ball with ripe, and the ripe flat, dry to the touch, matte or brilliant. Color varies from green to red. Fragile plates, different, frequent, yellow or white. The flesh is fragile white, changes color with a cut. If the cheese is bright red or purple, most likely before you double.
Raincoat (Potatoes, Borovka)
A real rain cover has a shape of a ball, often on a small leg. His color is white or beige. The flesh is dense, white. Lzhedena, the flesh has a purple shade, dark skin.
About pines and larches grow more often. A hat with time begins to resemble a funnel, her color is orange, red or blue. She is smooth, sticky. Single with time becomes green.
It has a flat pink hat with a deepening in the center and a nonsense pattern circles, the edges of it bent inside. White flesh, dense, juice is also white. Color when cutting does not change. Doubles often have scales, greenish color other than white flesh.
Cointer (Chang)
It has a beautiful appearance, bright yellow. The shape of the header, the correct, round, it hides the plates. An adult coiner resembles a loyalty. False twins have an unpleasant smell, incorrect forms and covered with scales.
Received an umbrella due to a long leg and characteristic shape of the cap, first a shape shape, then resembles an umbrella. White color, with a tint of beige, in the center is a darker spot, and the surface of the ragside. Plates are darker with age. Many twins that differ in color can have a sharp smell and loose flesh.
Govorushki
The taper hat first has a hemispherical shape then an indulged, reminiscent funnel. It is dry and smooth, white, light brown, ohloque, the center is darker. Plates are white, but with age dark. White flesh, dense, although with age loyal. False govorushki have a white color.
Nights
Your name plastic mushrooms They deserve because they grow row or circles (witch circles). The head of the young row resembles the ball, and then straightens. It has white, brown, red, yellow. The edges can be curved, smooth, or curved. Skin can be dry, velvet or smooth, mucous. The leg is velvety, more often has a pink-brown color. Poisonous twin It has a dirty gray, be careful!
Stitter
More often the lines meets in pine forestBecause of possible frosts on his cap appear black spots. The cap itself is growing with the leg, has a winding form. It has brown, brown, reddish or yellow. Than lines older, the-hat is lighter. The leg is also not flat, but the flesh is white and easily breaks.
Morel
The surface of the curb cap, as if all in the cells, it has an ovoid shape. Its color is grayish, yellow and brown shades. The pulp of curor is white, soft, and the leg has a cylindrical shape, slightly thickened to the bottom. False curl grows from the egg, makes an unpleasant smell and is covered with mucus.
Veshinski
We grow oyster trees on a tree, in one another, so they got such a name. The saber's hat is smooth, sometimes wavy, gray color with a purple tint. Plates are frequent, dense, have gray. The edges are concave, the legs are short, dense. False weighs are brighter and other shades.
Now you know how to check the mushroom and find out whether it is edible or not. You can go to the forest without fears. Choose only the right mushrooms and remember that even edible mushroom can cause harm if it is old or starts to degrade.
Video - edible mushrooms with description
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