Spiders are common in all corners of the globe. There is a section of biology - arachnology, devoted to the study of this species of arthropods.
Arthropods are poisonous and harmless to humans or animals, differ in size and appearance.
For example, the green spider in Russia is several representatives of the order of arthropods. You need to familiarize yourself with their names, features of appearance and life cycle.
The green spider in Russia is represented by three species. Their names are lynx spider, greenish micromata, heiracantium.
Such a list of arthropods is given by browser search engines for the query "green spiders in Russia photos and names."
Lynx spider
The lynx spider (family Oxyopidae) got its name from the way of hunting characteristic of the predator.
This spider does not weave a web, waits for its prey, settling on a plant, then attacks it.
Lynx spider
Its special ability - the ability to jump long distances, just like a lynx or a cat, justifies the name of the species.
The lynx spider is a small green spider, Russia is a habitat for small individuals of this species. The females of such an arthropod are twice as large as males, the average size of a female adult is usually about 2 - 2.2 cm. Male green spiders in Russia do not reach more than one centimeter.
Lynx spider with its spiders
Arthropod paws are darker in color, they have many dark stripes, dots, hairs or thorns can be seen with magnification.
At the end of the summer season, the female builds cocoons, lays eggs in them. At a time, she is able to lay up to 6 hundred eggs.
In cocoons, they are for about two weeks under the reliable protection of a spider mother. Then they hatch and begin their life cycle.
The lynx spider is a green spider in Russia, the description and photo of which are contained in encyclopedias, is a dangerous predator. He possesses keen eyesight, develops considerable speed when attacking. Insects become objects for his hunting.
Lynx spider with its prey
The green spider in Russia often attacks honey wasps or bees, bumblebees, which are much larger than it. Beetles, dipterans also make up the diet of the lynx spider.
When attacking a victim, this individual immediately bites through the chitinous shell of the victim, injects poison into it, which has a paralyzing property.
After a few minutes, the saliva that gets inside makes the insides soft, capable of being well absorbed by the predator.
Such a spider with a green belly in Russia is harmless to humans. Slight redness appears on the skin at the site of the bite and injection of the poison, a burning sensation is felt for a short time, and small edema may occur.
Micromata greenish
Another bright green spider in Russia is the greenish micromata. As the name of the arthropod suggests, it has a pronounced coloration, which performs an important function - protective or camouflage.
Micromata greenish
The color allows you to "get lost" among the grass and hunt effectively. Females of this species are larger than males. Their size corresponds to 12-15 and 8-10 millimeters.
The body of micromata greenish has a more saturated, bright shade, its head and legs, in comparison with it, are darker.
A male spider can be identified not only by its size. There are stripes on its abdomen - red in the center, then two yellow stripes on its sides, after them - red again.
Male spider micromata-greenish
In the female, the abdomen is lighter in comparison with the back, colored light green. On close inspection, the eye can be seen on the head of both sexes.
Small spiders hatch from eggs, already having a green color, then their color becomes less saturated - yellowish brown, with reddish specks.
The places of distribution of greenish micromata in the middle lane are deciduous forests. The arthropod prefers to live in sunny, bright, well-warmed places by the sun. The spider lives in the grass, does not build nets for hunting. He watches over the victim, attacks it, performing a sharp jump, injects poison, then eats it.
A representative of this species lives for about one and a half years. The female begins to lay eggs in a specially built nest of leaves in August. The eggs are green in color.
Nest with greenish micromata eggs
The young generation of arthropods becomes adults by the middle of next summer.
If such a spider (greenish micromata) gets on the human body and bites it, there will be no dangerous health consequences.
At the site of the puncture of the skin, edema, redness of tissues may persist for a short time, slight itching is possible, and sometimes a burning sensation.
Heiracantium
Another green spider that lives in the middle zone of the country is Heiracantium, the Latin name for this species is Cheiracanthium. It belongs to the predatory, poisonous arthropod.
His favorite place of residence is forest plantations, grass, deciduous shrubs. He may well end up in a person's dwelling - he is able to independently enter here through a window or door.
Spider heiracantium
Heirakantium is often brought into the house by people on their own clothes.
Like representatives of other species with a similar color, the female of Heirakantium is noticeably larger than the male. Its average size is usually about one and a half centimeters, and the male does not grow more than one centimeter. The spider of this species does not have a pronounced green color, it is brown, yellowish.
Cheiracanthium punctorium
Its color can be described as uneven - the abdomen is greenish, the cephalothorax has a blurred orange tint. On the back there is a noticeable speck resembling a cross.
On closer examination of the Heirakantium, one can notice that its front "legs" are the longest, tentacles are located near them. The spider's head is equipped with pronounced jaws.
Hunting and breeding of Heiracantium
Heirakantium's camouflage coloration allows him to be a successful hunter. A spider of this color is very invisible among the grass or stones. It is here that he can hide, wait for his victim.
The objects of his hunting are small beetles of several species, aphids, caterpillars. Favorite hunting time is night. Heirakantium hides, waits, then performs a lightning attack, injects poison into the victim, waits a little and eats it.
After mating (which occurs after molting), the female prepares to lay eggs. At this time, she builds a cocoon using plants, their foxes, blades of grass.
Heiracantium cocoon
After laying the clutch, the spider becomes the vigilant guard of future offspring.
Heiracantia are the most dangerous for humans and animals (especially small ones), in comparison with other representatives of the species, which have a green color.
If an arthropod attacked and injected poison, a strong burning sensation and soreness will be felt at the site of the bite, and significant swelling will appear. The person has symptoms - headache and dizziness, nausea and vomiting.
For some time, there is an increase in blood pressure values, the rhythm of breathing is disturbed. In some cases, emergency assistance is required.
Conclusion
Common green spiders in Russia, photos and names that can be studied in open sources, are common inhabitants of forests, meadows, and artificial plantations.
The greatest care should be taken when meeting with Heirakantium. Other representatives of the species (lynx spider and greenish micromata) are not dangerous to humans.
Video: Jumping GREEN SPIDER !!! Seeing and filming him is a great success!
I identified this cute arachnid as flower o spider species Misumena vatia from the family side walk spiders (crab spiders). Somewhat embarrassing is the fact that in my presence the spider moved extremely straightforwardly and did not show any crab manners, but the bright color and shape of the body, nevertheless, speak for the fact that it is a side-walk spider. A yellow spider was found not at all on a flower, although its name is floral, but on a mushroom. The yellow spider turned out to be nimble, and, being released from the can, set off into a race across the open spaces of the table, in connection with which it turned out to be quite difficult to photograph it.
In the standby-defense mode, the spider took just such a pose, standing on 4 hind short legs and spreading 4 long front legs threateningly.
Scares! For nothing, that growth in it, if without paws, from the force of millimeters 8.
The spider did not sit still, studied the area, looked out for something:
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When the camera approached, I got nervous and started running:
Then an interesting way to "occupy" the guest came to light, in order to have time to bring the lens to him. My hairy hand became a help in this matter: the yellow spider got tangled in my hair, it took a long time to figure out where to throw its long legs, so that its photogenicity noticeably increased.
The spider itself is translucent and glows in the sun's rays, only on the head there is a special opaque "visual blotch" with eight eyes.
During the photo session, the spider was planted on a flower, from which it safely disappeared, well, but I didn’t look - where could my carelessness compete with spider mimicry?
What do the sources say about these spiders?
Floral Spider Misumena vatia belongs to the family side walk spiders or spider crab (Thomisidae). The representatives of the family received this name for the ability to move sideways (which, however, my particular specimen never showed me).
Side walk spiders do not weave webs: their main weapon is mimicry and long front legs.
Many side walk spiders (for example, our hero
— flower spider Misumena) spend most of their time on flowers, waiting for prey, which, as a rule, are various nectar lovers - bees, butterflies, etc. The spider watches for the moment when the victim plunges its head into the interlacing of stamens, and attacks, grabbing it with trapping legs and inflicting a poisonous bite on the neck, instantly immobilizing the insect.
Thanks to patronizing coloration the spider can go unnoticed, being in the immediate vicinity of the victim. However, the yellow color is only a special case of the flower spider coloration. Depending on the preferred plants, it can vary greatly.
The flower spider also has a huge number of relatives living in trees or in the forest floor and having a protective coloration that matches the habitat and allows them to completely merge with the substrate.
In the world fauna, there are 170 genera and more than 2000 species of sidewalk spiders.
For a person, they not dangerous.
Animals
Arthropods
Arachnids
Side walker spiders
Mizumena
Mizumena clubfoot
Misumena vatia(Clerck, 1757)
Mizumena clubfoot, or Flower spider(lat. Misumena vatia) - spider of the family of sidewalk spiders ( Thomisidae).
Description
The female is 9-11 mm long; male - 3-4 mm. The abdomen is wide and thick, its greatest width is in the posterior third. The color of the abdomen is extremely variable. Females are most often white or yellow, there are also greenish and pinkish individuals, the cephalothorax is reddish-yellow, with a white median field. In white specimens, reddish spots are sometimes located on the sides of the abdomen in the anterior part. The color of the spider changes depending on the surrounding background. In order to change the color from white to yellow, a spider needs from 10 to 25 days, the reverse transformation takes place in 5-6 days. In males, the cephalothorax is dark brown or brown-black, with a white median stripe. The abdomen is white or yellow from above, bordered on the sides with black, in the posterior part with two dark parallel striae. The legs are variegated.
Spreading
The species is widespread throughout the former Soviet Union, Europe and North America.
Habitat and lifestyle
Sexually mature individuals appear in late spring, males live until mid-summer, and females until mid-autumn. They live on white and yellow flowers (especially often on plants of the genus buttercup, European swimsuit and Siberian hogweed). Usually these spiders sit in ambush inside the flower and go next to it. Thanks to its thick petal-like abdomen, the spider is invisible in the flower thickets. Males are also found in grass and bushes.
Literature
- Azheganova N.S. Brief guide to spiders (Aranei) of the forest and forest-steppe zone of the USSR. - L .: Nauka, 1968 .-- P. 117
- Saifulina R.R., Kartsev V.M. Spiders of Central Russia: An Atlas Key. - M .: JSC "Fiton +", 2001. - P. 410
- Tyschenko V.P. Keys to spiders of the European part of the USSR. - L .: Publishing house "Science", 1971. - P. 118 (Series "Keys to the fauna of the USSR", issue 105)
| Invertebrates | |
| Vertebrates | |
| Paleofauna |
territorial division
Flower spider(lat. Misumena vatia) - a species of spiders of the family Sidewalk Spiders ( Thomisidae).
The mature black widow is usually black and glossy. It is easily recognizable as a red hourglass on the inside of her belly. The female measures 5 centimeters long, weighs 25 grams and has a very round belly. The male is twice the size of the female, but has longer legs. Shows red stripes with yellow on the back.
During the mating season, a black sheep looks for a partner, during which he does not bite or feed himself. After mating, the black widow will place more egg bags containing about 750 eggs. The bag measures 1 cm in diameter, can be white or creamy, and has a paper texture. One summer woman can accommodate 4 to 9 bags. Incubation lasts 14 days and young widow spiders are cannibals. 1-12 black widow spiders survive from the bag.
Description
The species exhibits sexual dimorphism in size and color. Males are 4 mm long, while females are up to 10 mm long. In the male, the cephalothorax (prosoma) is blackish, the abdomen (opisthosoma) is from white to yellowish color with two dark long stripes. Both front pairs of legs with wide stripes of black and brown, both hind pairs of legs of the main color of the abdomen.
A male widow reaches maturity in 70 days and dies at the age of one month or two. This is because a woman sometimes eats a man she just slept with. Females mature at the age of 90 and live 1-5 years. The black widow spits out canes that do not have a specific shape or size. changes like location, but most change like shape. The scum comes from fluid removed from the glands in the abdomen. When exiting the abdomen, fluid increases due to stretching.
The canvas of the black widow's web is stronger than the canvas of any other spider. The Black Widow is shy and active more at night, staying longer inside the canvas, and only comes out when she is in danger. A woman only bites when she is disturbed. The Black Widow produces dangerous human poison, but mortality from biting is quite low.
In females, the color of the whole body varies from bright yellow to yellow-green and white. There are often two long red stripes on the lateral sides of the abdomen.
Spreading
The species is distributed from the Arctic to the subtropical zones of the Holarctic from Ireland and Portugal to Japan, as well as from Alaska to the southern border of the United States. With the exception of Iceland, the species is found throughout Europe.
The black widow is a spider that inhabits insects. Since its web is sticky, it can capture its prey along with it. His food lacks bugs, including the kitchen and flies. The black widow kills her prey by injecting poison. He will then make a hole in his body and start sucking all the liquid into the prey. The black widow's digestive juice will also be injected into the victim's body to help crush body parts. The Black Widow will only leave the outer shell of lime.
The black widow is not necessarily beneficial to humans other than the use of insects. It can often be found near people's homes, helping to eliminate harmful insects. The black widow can be a dangerous spider. It has 15 more dangerous poisons than the bell snake. But when it bites, the black widow injects only a small portion of its venom, and the bell snake injects all of its venom into the victim. However, if more black widow spider venom is injected into humans, it is more likely to die.
The species inhabits open habitats with a large number of flowering plants. Sexually mature spiders can be found from May to July.
Nutrition
The spider lurks its prey on flowers. It can change its color depending on the color of the flowers. Only sexually mature females have this ability. They control the change in body pigmentation with their organs of vision. When dyed yellow, a liquid, yellow dye enters the cells of the epidermis; when dyed white, the pigment is transferred to the inner part of the body. The yellow pigment can be excreted during prolonged exposure to white flowers, also with feces.
A black widow spider bite causes abdominal pain and swelling of the leg muscles. Less serious symptoms include dry mouth, sweating, and swelling of the eyelids. If a young person aged 16 or older bites, he must go to the hospital. Most deaths in these people are due to heart or lung failure. Healthy people who bite recover in 2-5 days if they have proper care.
The black widow is not necessarily beneficial to humans other than the use of insects. It can often be found near people's homes, helping to eliminate harmful insects. The black widow can be a dangerous spider. It has 15 more dangerous poisons than the bell snake. But when it bites, the black widow injects only a small portion of its venom, and the bell snake injects all of its venom into the victim. However, if more black widow spider venom is injected into humans, it is more likely to die.
The prey of the flower spider is various pollinating insects, for example, hoverflies, bees, wasps, butterflies or small beetles. They are often an order of magnitude larger than the spider itself. The spider grabs its prey with its strong, widely spaced forelegs and strikes the head with lightning speed. Doesn't weave a web.
Reproduction
Mating takes place in early summer. When the male finds a female, he climbs in front of her back. Then he moves to the abdominal side of the female and, in the abdomen-to-abdomen position, alternately introduces his pedipalps into the female genital opening. Then he again climbs on the back of the female in order to mate with her again after a break. Eventually, the male leaves the female. Egg cocoons are hidden from the sides of flowers. Young spiders hibernate in the ground.
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Notes (edit)
Literature
- Heiko Bellmann: Kosmos Atlas Spinnentiere Europas... 3. Aufl., 2006. Kosmos, Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-440-10746-1
- Ralph Platen, Bodo von Broen, Andreas Herrmann, Ulrich M. Ratschker & Peter Sacher: Gesamtartenliste und Rote Liste der Webspinnen, Weberknechte und Pseudoskorpione des Landes Brandenburg (Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones) mit Angaben zur Häufigkeit und Ökologie. Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege in Brandenburg 8, Heft 2 (Beilage); 1999.
Excerpt from the Flower Spider
In front of the Preobrazhensky regiment, he stopped, sighed heavily and closed his eyes. Someone from the retinue waved for the soldiers holding the banners to come up and put them with the flagpoles around the commander-in-chief. Kutuzov was silent for several seconds and, apparently reluctantly, obeying the necessity of his position, raised his head and began to speak. Crowds of officers surrounded him. He looked carefully around the circle of officers, recognizing some of them.- Thank you all! He said, addressing the soldiers and again to the officers. In the silence that reigned around him, his slowly articulated words were clearly audible. - Thank you all for your hard and faithful service. The victory is complete, and Russia will not forget you. Glory to you forever! - He paused, looking around.
“Bend down, bend his head then,” he said to the soldier who held the French eagle and accidentally lowered it before the banner of the Transfiguration. - Lower, lower, so that's it. Hooray! guys, - turn to the soldiers with a quick movement of your chin, he said.
- Hurray ra ra! Roared a thousand voices. While the soldiers were shouting, Kutuzov, bent over on the saddle, bowed his head, and his eye shone with a meek, as if mocking, brilliance.
- That's what, brothers, - he said when the voices fell silent ...
And suddenly his voice and expression on his face changed: the commander-in-chief stopped speaking, and a simple, old man spoke up, obviously wanting to tell his comrades the very thing.
There was a movement in the crowd of officers and in the ranks of the soldiers in order to hear more clearly what he was going to say now.
- And that's what, brothers. I know it's difficult for you, but what can you do! Be patient; not long left. We will see the guests out, then we will rest. The king will not forget you for your service. It is difficult for you, but still you are at home; and they - see what they got to, - he said, pointing to the captives. - Worse than the last beggars. While they were strong, we did not feel sorry for ourselves, but now you can feel sorry for them. They are people too. So guys?
He looked around him, and in the stubborn, respectfully bewildered, eyes fixed on him, he read sympathy for his words: his face became brighter and brighter from an elderly gentle smile, wrinkled like stars in the corners of his lips and eyes. He paused and bowed his head as if in bewilderment.
- And then say, who invited them to us? Serves them right, m ... and ... in g .... He said suddenly, lifting his head. And, swinging his whip, he at a gallop, for the first time in the whole campaign, rode away from the joyfully laughing and roaring hurray, which upset the ranks of the soldiers.
The words spoken by Kutuzov were hardly understood by the troops. No one would have been able to convey the content of the first solemn and at the end of the innocent old man's speech of the field marshal; but the heartfelt meaning of this speech was not only understood, but the very same feeling of majestic triumph combined with pity for the enemies and the consciousness of one's righteousness, expressed by this, this very old man's good-natured curse - this very (the feeling lay in the soul of every soldier When, after that, one of the generals asked him if the commander-in-chief would order the wheelchair to come, Kutuzov, answering, suddenly sobbed, apparently in great excitement.
The arachnid family has very beautiful and unusual creatures in its ranks. They look like both spiders and crabs at the same time. Their name is also very interesting - side walk spiders. Sometimes the creatures of nature are simply incredible, like, for example, these spiders who can jump, jump and move sideways. Because of this peculiar way of movement, they got their name - side walkers. They are also called jumping spiders and crab spiders. They look cute and cute. Even those people who are terrified of spiders do not shudder at the sight of them. An interesting fact is that these handsome men need a web only in order to move from the upper tiers of plants to the lower ones. They also need spider strings for mating games. With the help of threads, these small animals (and spiders are precisely animals, and insects, as many think) attract a partner.
Sidewalk spider: description, reproduction
The constitution of these animals is unusual. The front pairs of legs are longer than the rest, and they are also turned upside down. It is because of this structure of the spider's legs that these wonderful creatures move sideways. The body looks flat and angular. This structure makes animals very similar to representatives of the crustacean family, therefore the second name of these creatures is spider-crabs. They can also back away just like their claw counterparts.
The color of the side walker spiders depends on the environment in which they live. If on the ground, the spiders will be dark brown or gray. If on flowers, then the animals can be of different bright colors. It is very difficult, almost impossible to spot spiders. Nature has given them color, thanks to which they merge with their surroundings.
The mating season for sidewalk spiders begins in early June. The male is looking for the female, draws her attention to his person and begins to court. If the female reciprocates, the sidewalk spider climbs onto her back and moves to her genital opening. Then he alternately introduces pedipalps into it, which contain seminal fluid. After the first mating, the spiders take a short break, rest, then mate again. The female hides the finished cocoons from predators, attaching them to the leaves or stems of plants.
Different types of spiders
The spider crab, or sidewalker, is a common definition for many spider species, but most of these animals belong to the Thomisidae family. In total, there are about two thousand species of sidewalk spiders, which are divided into 170 genera.
The most famous are the flower crab spiders. They hunt in flowers and are painted in bright colors. For example, in Uruguay, these animals imitate tropical flowers - the spiders are very beautiful and seem completely harmless in appearance.
Excellent hunters
The side walker spider is very patient. Most of the time, these handsome men sit completely motionless, waiting for prey. Sidewalkers do not need a web for hunting, they do not use it to catch a prey.
The arms of this species are the front legs. Having identified a target, the predator rushes at prey using strong forelimbs, bites and injects poison. It is very helpful for these creatures to hunt by their ability to merge with a plant, tree or ground. They perfectly adapt their "clothes" to the surrounding The appetite of the crab spider is excellent, it can feast on 4 large bees for one hour. Prey, much larger than the hunter himself, is quite suitable for breakfast for a small predator.
Side walkers are a danger to humans
There are very few lovers of this type of insect like spiders. In most cases, a person experiences unpleasant emotions at the sight of them. The side walk spider is not disgusting outwardly, but rather cute. Only with a beautiful shell, these creatures still remain predators and can pose a threat to health. There are few cases of attacks on a person, but they are still there.
The venom of these animals contains toxins that can poison the body. If bitten by a crab spider, then a person may experience a headache, weakness throughout the body. In this case, an urgent need to consult a doctor. The consequences of being bitten by a cute spider can be serious.
The spider (lat.Araneae) belongs to the type of arthropods, the class arachnids, the order of spiders. Their first representatives appeared on the planet about 400 million years ago.
Spider - description, characteristics and photos.
The body of arachnids consists of two parts:
- The cephalothorax is covered with a carapace of chitin, with four pairs of long articulated legs. In addition to them, there is a pair of leg-tentacles (pedipalps) used by sexually mature individuals for mating, and a pair of short limbs with poisonous hooks - chelicera. They are part of the oral apparatus. The number of eyes in spiders ranges from 2 to 8.
- The abdomen with respiratory openings located on it and six arachnoid warts for weaving a cobweb.
The size of spiders, depending on the species, ranges from 0.4 mm to 10 cm, and the span of the limbs can exceed 25 cm.
Coloring and pattern on individuals of different species depend on the structural structure of the integument of scales and hairs, as well as the presence and localization of various pigments. Therefore, spiders can have both a dull one-color and a bright color of various shades.
Spider species, names and photos.
Scientists have described more than 42,000 species of spiders. About 2900 species are known on the territory of the CIS countries. Let's consider several varieties:
Tarantula blue-green (lat.Chromatopelma cyaneopubescens)- one of the most spectacular and beautiful spiders in color. The abdomen of the tarantula is red-orange, the limbs are bright blue, the carapace is green. The dimensions of the tarantula are 6-7 cm, with a leg span of up to 15 cm. The spider is native to Venezuela, but this spider is found in Asian countries and on the African continent. Despite belonging to tarantulas, this type of spider does not bite, but only throws special hairs located on the abdomen, and even then in case of severe danger. For humans, the hairs are not dangerous, but they cause minor burns on the skin, similar in effect to a nettle burn. Surprisingly, female chromatopelms are long-lived compared to males: the life span of a female spider is 10-12 years, while males live only 2-3 years.
Flower spider (lat.Misumena vatia) belongs to the family of sidewalk spiders (Thomisidae). The color varies from completely white to bright lemon, pink or greenish. Male spiders are small, 4-5 mm long, females reach sizes of 1-1.2 cm. The species of flower spiders is widespread throughout European territory (excluding Iceland), found in the USA, Japan, and Alaska. The spider lives in an open area, with an abundance of flowering herbs, as it feeds on the juices caught in its "embrace" and.
Grammostola pulchra (lat.Grammostola Pulchra)- a variety that in its natural environment lives only in Uruguay and in the southern regions of Brazil. A rather massive spider, reaching 8-11 cm in size, with a dark coloration and a characteristic "metallic" sheen of hairs. In nature, he prefers to live among the roots of plants, but he practically never digs his own minks. Pulchra often becomes a pet among connoisseurs of exotic pets.
Argiope Brunnich or wasp spider (lat.Argiope bruennichi) - a spider with an unusual color of the body and limbs - in a yellow-black-white strip, for which it received its name. True, the males of the wasp spider are not so bright, and are inferior in size to females: the "young ladies" reach a size of 2.5 cm, and together with their paws - 4 cm, but the male rarely grows more than 7 mm in length. The species is widespread in Europe, Asia and southern Russia, the Volga region and North Africa. The argiope spider lives in meadows with an abundance of grass, on the edges of the forest. Argiopa's web is very strong, so it is difficult to break it, it will only stretch under pressure.
Hunter limb (Latin Dolomedes fimbriatus) widespread on the Eurasian continent and occurs along the shores of reservoirs with stagnant or very slowly flowing water. Often settles in swampy meadows, shady forests or gardens with high humidity. The body length of the female limped hunter varies from 14 to 22 mm, the male is smaller and rarely larger than 13 mm. The color of spiders of this species is usually yellowish-brown or almost black, with light yellow or white stripes running along the sides of the abdomen.
(Latin Lycosa tarantula)- a species of spiders belonging to the family of wolf spiders (Latin Lycosidae). Inhabits the vastness of Southern Europe: often found in Italy and Spain, digs holes half a meter deep in Portugal. The size of the tarantula is impressive - up to 7 cm in length, individuals are usually colored in red, less often in brown tones, on the body there are several transverse stripes of light color and one longitudinal.
Spiked orb-web spider or "horned spider"(lat.Gasteracantha cancriformis) distributed in the tropics and subtropics, in the southern part of the USA, in Central America, in the Philippines, in Australia. The size of the female is 5-9 mm, the width reaches 10-13 mm. Males are 2-3 mm long. The legs of the spiked spider are short, and there are 6 spines along the edges of the abdomen. The color of the spider is very bright: white, yellow, red, black. There is a pattern of black dots on the abdomen.
Peacock spider(lat.Maratus volans). All sorts of colors are found in the color of this spider: red, blue, blue, green, yellow. The females are paler in color. An adult grows up to 4-5 mm in size. Males attract females with their beautiful outfit. The peacock spider lives in Australia - Queensland and New South Wales.
Smiling spider (lat.theridion grallator) or a spider with a happy face is completely harmless to humans. This unusual spider lives in the Hawaiian Islands. Its body length is 5 mm. The color of the spider can be varied - pale, yellow, orange, blue. This species feeds on small ones, and the bright color of the individual helps to confuse enemies, especially birds.
Black Widow (lat.Latrodectus mactans)- this is a very dangerous and poisonous species of spiders. Lives in Australia, North America, and also in Russia. The size of females reaches 1 cm, males are much smaller. The body of the black widow is black in color, and on the abdomen there is a characteristic red hourglass-shaped spot. Males are brown in color with white stripes. The bite is deadly.
Karakurt (lat.Latrodectus tredecimguttatus) Is a species of deadly poisonous spider from the genus black widows. The female karakurt measures 10-20 mm, the male is much smaller and has a size of 4-7 mm. There are 13 red spots on the abdomen of this scary spider. In some species, the spots have edging. Some sexually mature individuals are devoid of spots and have a completely black shiny body. Lives in Kyrgyzstan, in the Astrakhan region, in the countries of Central Asia, in the south of Russia, Ukraine, in the Black Sea and Azov regions, in the south of Europe, in North Africa. Also, karakurt was seen in the Saratov region, Volgograd region, Orenburg region, Kurgan region, in the south of the Urals.
Spiders are ubiquitous and widespread in all corners of the globe. They do not live only in areas where the surface of the earth is hidden under the ice shell all year round. The number of species in countries with humid and hot climates is greater than in temperate or cold ones. With the exception of a few species, spiders are terrestrial inhabitants and live in built nests or burrows, showing activity at night.
Tarantula spiders and other species of migalomorphic spiders live in the crowns of equatorial trees and shrubs. "Drought tolerant" species of spiders prefer burrows, crevices in the ground and any shelter at ground level. For example, digging spiders (atypical tarantulas) live in colonies, settled in individual burrows, located at a depth of 50 cm. Some species of migalomorphic spiders close their holes with special shutters made of soil, vegetation and silk.
Sidewalk spiders (crab spiders) spend most of their lives sitting on flowers, waiting for prey, although some members of the family can be found on the bark of trees or forest litter.
Members of the funnel spider family locate their webs on tall grass and bush branches.
Wolf spiders prefer damp, grassy meadows and swampy woodland, where they are found in abundance among the fallen leaves.
The water (silver) spider builds a nest under water, attaching it with cobwebs to various bottom objects. He fills his nest with oxygen and uses it as a diving bell.
What do spiders eat?
Spiders are quite original creatures that feed very interestingly. Some species of spiders may not eat for a long time - from a week to a month or even a year, but if they start, then little will remain. It is interesting that the weight of food that all spiders can eat during the year is several times more than the mass of the entire population living on the planet in our time.
How and what do spiders eat? Depending on the species and size, spiders forage and eat in different ways. Some spiders weave a web, thereby organizing ingenious traps that are very difficult for insects to notice. Digestive juice is injected into the caught prey, eating away at it from the inside. After a while, the "hunter" draws the resulting "cocktail" into the stomach. Other spiders "spit" during the hunt with sticky saliva, thereby attracting prey. Beetles and orthopterans, and some species are able to drag an earthworm into their home and eat them calmly.
The queen spider only hunts at night, creating sticky cobweb bait for unwary moths. Noticing an insect next to the bait, the spinning queen quickly shakes the thread with her paws, thereby attracting the attention of the victim. The moth happily winds around such a bait, and having touched it, it immediately remains hanging on it. As a result, the spider can calmly attract it to itself and enjoy its prey.
Large tropical tarantula spiders happily hunt small frogs
Aquatic species of spiders get their food from the water, catching tadpoles, small fish or midges floating on the surface of the water with the help of a web. Some spiders, which are predators, due to the absence of prey, can also get enough of plant food, which can be attributed to pollen or plant leaves. Hay spiders prefer cereal grains.
Judging by the numerous notes of scientists, a huge number of spiders destroy small rodents and insects several times more than animals living on the planet.
back to contentHow does a spider weave a web?
In the back of the spider's abdomen, there are from 1 to 4 pairs of spider glands (arachnoid warts), from which a thin thread of cobweb emerges. This is a special secret that many people nowadays call liquid silk. Coming out of the thin spinning tubes, it hardens in air, and the resulting thread turns out to be so thin that it is rather difficult to see it with the naked eye.
In order to weave a web, the spider spreads its spinning organs, after which it waits for a light breeze so that the spun web is caught on a nearby support. After this happens, he moves along the newly created bridge with his back down and begins to weave a radial thread. When the base is created, the spider moves in a circle, weaving into its "product" transverse thin threads, which are quite sticky.
It is worth noting that spiders are quite economical creatures, therefore they absorb the spoiled or old cobweb, after which they use it again. And the old web becomes very quickly, as the spider weaves it almost every day.
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