False walls include several types of mushrooms, very similar to edibles. In addition, they are easy to confuse, because false whales love to grow in the same places as edible - they grow families on the stumps, the fallen trees, on the trunks and the protruding parts of the roots of trees. Some types of false are insembly, others - conditionally edible, third - poisonous. However, the mushroom, especially the beginning, should not experiment and never forget the main rule: "Not sure - do not take!" Collect only real widespread when you are exactly sure that it is exactly they! With the slightest doubts it is better to abandon the idea of \u200b\u200bputting a mushroom in the basket.
The most important feature by which you can distinguish the real okey from the false is a film ring (skirt) on the leg. This ring is the remainder of the bedspread, which protects the fruit body of the mushroom at a young age. There are no such rings with false.
The edible is clearly visible on the leg on the floor.
False opens (right) there are no rings on the legs.
For children even invented a poem to remember this main difference between edibles:
Edible Owls (Autumn):
A, b - young, in - old
There are other differences.
1. The smell of edibles are called a pleasant mushroom, false whales make an unpleasant echo siever.
2. The caps of the inedial themselves are more bright, crystally painted than edible. The tone can vary from sulfur-yellow to brick-red (depending on the species). The edibles are eaten with a modest non-market light brown color.
A - sulfur-yellow, b - seroplasty, in - brick-red
3. The edible caps are covered with small scales, the false scan on the flakes hats are not usually smooth. But you need to remember that edibles are at the age of scales on the hat, too, no longer (see photos of old walls above).
4. There are differences and in the color of the plates (on the back side of the mushroom hats). The plates of false are yellow, old - greenish or olive-black, whereas with edibles they are cream or yellowish-white.
Plates Way:
A - edible (autumn), b - seroplastic, in - sulfur-yellow
5. Marked the bitter taste of false asses, which are not u edible, but before assessing the taste, it is not necessary - and without it there are enough signs for which you can distinguish edible fees from false.
The experimental mushroomnik, the specified signs are immediately striking, but beginners need to apply these knowledge with caution, since the signs listed above are to a large extent subjective, that is, each person evaluates such characteristics as odor or color, in different ways. Fix it can only experience. In the meantime, focus on the first, the most important, sign - look for a skirt on the legs.
All mushroom connoisseurs are known how tasty gnaws in fried, pickled and any other form: mushroom soup, calamity, patties. But so that the Kushans have been able to fame and have not led to unpleasant consequences, it is important to know how to distinguish my father from false.
We will learn to understand the differences between the real thirsty and their unsafe relatives to protect themselves and close to the poisoning.
Looks like all lamellar mushrooms with caps growing on trees, trees and stumps. Some of them are edible, fragrant and tasty, others are bitters and are dangerous to health, and sometimes life. Consider the main differences between the present are from false, which are visible to the naked eye and will be understood even inexperienced mushrooms.
Leg Openka
On the leg is provided with a ring. Inedible, there are no rings or there is its residual signs (traces of ring, fabric fragments). In addition, the leg of the present opens is low (except adult copies) - 4-6 cm, and the false reaches 10 cm.
Exception - edible meadow, whose legs grow up to 30 cm high!
Plates Openka
Genuine whale differ in pale yellow or creamy plates, yellow, subsequently - green, dark olive and almost black.
Openka hat
Regardless of which environment is growing (light or thick forest, a wet or dry place), their caps do not differ in brightness: they are usually pale brown, with small dark scales (adult mushrooms with darker hats and without scales).
And the hats falsely will always be bright: yellow-gray, rust-red or red-brown, and without scales.
Taste Openka
Some false mushrooms are no less tasty than genuine widespread: not all poisonous mushrooms are characterized by a bitter taste. But this does not mean that they can be boldly cooking: there is only a couple of exceptions - Candall's Opel and Poppy Open.
Odnka smell
Edibles have a pleasant rescued mushroom fragrance, and poisonous smells smell or crude ground.
Opener reaction for water contact
If there are doubts about the authenticity of the fungus, put it in the water: false mushrooms are sparkled or will come.
Summer ished, unlike the autumn fellow, they can be fruit and spring, and in summer, and in the fall. Summer opens, as a rule, we grow long legs and large hats. How to distinguish them from poisonous fungi?
- Summer Open Hat. Although its diameter is sometimes 10 cm, its walls are thin, and the edges are slightly bent inside, where the mushroom fabric resembles a web. Color hats - yellowish-brown, there are scales.
- Plates of summer okey. The color of the genuine okey plates is whiteish, rusty or brown (dark as the mushroom groves).
- Summer feet. Sometimes his leg grows extremely long - up to 30 cm, but it remains brown, with a ring.
There are no legs with false swips, the hats are bright and smooth, without scales.
Now you know how to distinguish my father from false. If doubts arise about some mushroom, it is better not to cut it at all or spend the water test at home. Gradually, you will get mushroom experience, and you will know exactly where the edible okey is, and where is the poisonous.
False walls include several types of mushrooms, very similar to edibles. In addition, they are easy to confuse, because false whales love to grow in the same places as edible - they grow families on the stumps, the fallen trees, on the trunks and the protruding parts of the roots of trees. Some types of false are insembly, others - conditionally edible, third - poisonous. However, the mushroom, especially the beginning, should not experiment and never forget the main rule: "Not sure - do not take!" Collect only real widespread when you are exactly sure that it is exactly they! With the slightest doubts it is better to abandon the idea of \u200b\u200bputting a mushroom in the basket.
The most important feature by which you can distinguish the real okey from the false is a film ring (skirt) on the leg. This ring is the remainder of the bedspread, which protects the fruit body of the mushroom at a young age. There are no such rings with false.
The edible is clearly visible on the leg on the floor.
False opens (right) there are no rings on the legs.
For children even invented a poem to remember this main difference between edibles:
Edible Owls (Autumn):
A, b - young, in - old
There are other differences.
1. The smell of edibles are called a pleasant mushroom, false whales make an unpleasant echo siever.
2. The caps of the inedial themselves are more bright, crystally painted than edible. The tone can vary from sulfur-yellow to brick-red (depending on the species). The edibles are eaten with a modest non-market light brown color.
A - sulfur-yellow, b - seroplasty, in - brick-red
3. The edible caps are covered with small scales, the false scan on the flakes hats are not usually smooth. But you need to remember that edibles are at the age of scales on the hat, too, no longer (see photos of old walls above).
4. There are differences and in the color of the plates (on the back side of the mushroom hats). The plates of false are yellow, old - greenish or olive-black, whereas with edibles they are cream or yellowish-white.
Plates Way:
A - edible (autumn), b - seroplastic, in - sulfur-yellow
5. Marked the bitter taste of false asses, which are not u edible, but before assessing the taste, it is not necessary - and without it there are enough signs for which you can distinguish edible fees from false.
The experimental mushroomnik, the specified signs are immediately striking, but beginners need to apply these knowledge with caution, since the signs listed above are to a large extent subjective, that is, each person evaluates such characteristics as odor or color, in different ways. Fix it can only experience. In the meantime, focus on the first, the most important, sign - look for a skirt on the legs.
Edible or false Opel
Opened autumn,
Opened Tolstonog. 
Smell
Leg
Plates
Texture hats
Color
Video on the topic
Wood - Wonderful and very tasty mushrooms. However, collecting them, care should be taken. There are often cases when novice mushrooms confuse them with the so-called "false" thickens. False sheds are very similar to real and often grow with them literally side by side. But similarity is only an external: a false opaque can be seriously poisoned. Therefore, that the hike behind the mushrooms does not end in deplorable, you should know several simple rules, allowing you to distinguish edibles from inedible.
Instruction
The first and most noticeable sign of the present Opener is a characteristic rim or ring around the legs right under the hat. False is missing such a ring. If there are doubts, or the rim is not bright enough, such mushrooms should be bypass: the first rule of the mushroom is not to take a dubious mushroom.
The second feature that this coloring should pay attention to. This Opels usually looks like a kinder, its hat is painted in light brown or brown color, often on a hat there are dark brown or coffee clips. Opel masks, does not attract unnecessary attention to find it to find it. False opens painted much more brightly. It is characteristic of yellow, lemon or reddish. False families are visible from a fairly long distance and it is their note for the mushroom with a good reason to alert. Scheels or specks like the fact that there are real oh, false do not happen in false. Their hat is usually smooth and often glitters.
For greater confidence you can smell a mushroom that caused doubts. This opens makes a delicious mushroom smell. False opens will smell the earth and dampness.
False opens differs from the present and taste. The majority of false people are in taste there is a characteristic bitterness. In order to feel it, the mushroom is not necessarily or cook. It is enough to chew a piece of raw mushroom. Feeling bitterness, it should be spacked right there and rinse the mouth: although the poisonous are not all kinds of false, it is still no need to risk.
Another distinction between real and false thraisters lies in the color of the dispute. It is the "seeds" of the mushroom, which are between the plates under the hat and usually falling down if the mushroom is shaking, substituting the palm under the Hat. Spores of this Opener are bright, from beige to white. Spores of a false opens are likely to be dark - from brick to purple color.
Video on the topic
Related article
False hats include various types of mushrooms that resemble externally real wings. Some of them are considered conditionally edible, but their harmlessness for the human body has not been proven.
Instruction
Look at the feet of the Opel - the real edibles will definitely have a light thin ring film around the leg under the hat. At false Opel, you can see only the remnants of the ring, and at the edible, this film ring is well noticeable. This is the most objective and one of the main indicators that should be guided to distinguish. So that children remember the main difference between false, offer them a poem:
At the edible Openka
On the leg of the film ring.
And false all
Legs naked to toe.
Another explicit point of the false open is a characteristic bright coloring. Real widespread is always light brown or yellowish color, while false can be bright brown, orange, brick-red.
Examine the bottom side of the hat. The plates under the hood with false are yellow, very old - greenish or even olive-black. Edibles have a plate of yellowish-white or cream shade.
Look in the internet illustration and photos of false. The greatest similarities with real edibles are sulfur-yellow, brick-red and gray-plate false sheds.
A brick-red opens diameter has a smooth hat reaches 10 cm, the color of the hat in the center first reddish-orange, later brick-red, on the edge of yellowish. Frequent plates that have grown to the leg, whitish, then gray-yellow and black and olive. Leg without ring. White flesh, old - yellowish, with an unpleasant smell and bitter taste.
The sulfur-yellow wrap is thin, sulfur, sulfur, in the center of darker color, can be with a reddish or orange tint, the diameter is about 2-5 cm. The plates first sulfur yellow, later greenish-olive. The flesh of the mushroom is light yellow, taste bitter.
The gray-plate walkers grow on the wood of coniferous trees and are largely similar to sulfur-yellow. Some mushrooms refer them to mushrooms. Plates under the Hat of these thin and frequent, first gray, later painted with ripen disputes in a darker, brown-black color.
Video on the topic
Helpful advice
The main rule of even an experienced mushroommate is not experimenting and do not eat suspicious types of fungi. If you doubt, better without regret, take the fungus to the category of poisonous.
Sources:
- Gifts of forest. False pesters
Retires are called mushrooms, in practice relating to different families. The name comes from the word "stump", as they grow by groups mainly on the stump. If you are lucky, from one place you can choose up to 10 kg of these appetizing fungi. The main thing is to be able to distinguish real wall from false.
Instruction
To begin with, remember, and real summer. They are most often poured on the stumps of deciduous or coniferous trees, as well as dry. You need to go on their search not earlier than the beginning of July. Beige or brown scales are scales, reach a maximum of eight cm in diameter and have bulges in the center. In the early waters, the edges of the hats are turned on inside, and later - there is no bulge. On the inside, the caps have frequent light or plates. The shade depends on the age of the fungus. Thin cylindrical legs will be thickened closer to the base.
Cutting a mushroom, pay attention to the inside. The pulp should not change the color, should not exude a sharp smell. If you have a young one, when separating the hat, a peculiar "skirt" should remain on the leg. The leg inside should be solid and fibrous.
Examine the photo gallery and encyclopedia, to better imagine, as generally look real and false whales, for the verbal description is not enough.
Do not confuse real wow with falsely, sepoplasty. They differ from each other only by the color of the plates. In false, they, as follows from the name, gray.
Pay attention to the color of the dispute. They are on the inside of the hat to get them, just shock the mushroom over the palm - and they will fall out. The disputes of real are colored - colorless or white, in form - egg-shaped or ellipsoid, certainly smooth. False they have a dark shade: from brick to violet.
For greater confidence, you can chew a piece of raw mushroom. But only as a last resort - it is better to just give up a dubious okey. False lumps have a bitter taste.
Video on the topic
Helpful advice
Ripely cut to cut only hats, legs - inedible.
Sources:
- Varieties oh
- For hassle. Journal "Science and Life"
One of the best and most beloved many mushrooms is a bench. But most likely not everyone knows that calcium and phosphorus in this mushroom even more than in fish. Of the way they prepare a wide variety of dishes. They are fry, cook, extinguished, marinate, dried and salty.
Instruction
Unlike many other types of mushrooms, they simply carry out transportation perfectly. They do not break on the road, but like rubber, shrink and spring. Walkers are very easily recycled.
An indispensable condition for cooking from the oh, it is a thorough boil. Mushrooms used often cause stomach disorder. It is this property so favorite mushrooms in Russia makes them unloved in Europe. Some even for this reason are counting them to inedible mushrooms.
During the collection of these mushrooms, you need to be extremely attentive and not to confuse them with false. Although if you look at, the similarity of false mushrooms with real lies only in the fact that they are also growing with numerous families. And otherwise they differ - and taste, and odor, and the color of the plates and the cap, and even the structure of the legs.
At least forty minutes you need to boil fresh widespread. But more than an hour you should not do this either. When the mushrooms and forming on the surface of the water of foam, the water should be changed and only then continue to cook after readiness. If they are frozen, they first deflated them, and after rapid on a small heat for about 20 minutes.
The wings contain a lot of different vitamins: E, C, RR, as well as Vitamins of the group B. Do not lag behind these mushrooms from others and by the content of trace elements: potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, magnesium, zinc, copper. Their composition includes valuable amino acids, natural sugars, fiber, ash.
Edible or false Opel
Before going to the forest, it is important to explore the question of which in your area in this time of year is growing the most common opens. The same applies to mushrooms, "simulators."
Knowledge of growing places will be asleep and falsely, in itself, will not help the mushroom with an edible and inedible specimens. And those and others can inhibit the same trees, stumps, trees, rhizomes or just grow in the grass.
A lot of species come to the group. Speech will be conducted about the most common and beloved mushrooms:
Opened autumn,
Opened Tolstonog.
It is with these two kinds of fungi that usually confuse the most common falsely:
False whales (false) brick-red,
False walls (false) sulfur-yellow.
How to distinguish with false: simple rules
There are simple rules how to distinguish real oen.
Smell
If you doubt, a false okey or no grows in front of you, the first thing you can do is sniff the hat. The edible mushroom has a pleasant characteristic mushroom fragrance, while inedible is pretty unpleasant, earthy amber.
Leg
The leg of a young edible okey, as a rule, decorates the "skirt" from the film, which serves the protection of the fruit body. Mushroom imitators do not have it!
Plates
If you flip the mushroom top with a leg, you can explore the color of the plates. With edible specimens, he is white with a yellowish tint, cream, false - from yellow to olive and blacks.
Texture hats
An important distinguishing feature that allows you to distinguish edibles from false - the surface of the mushroom hat. The young (not overripe!) Opel she can be scaly, whereas the false-bearing is usually smooth.
Color
The edible caps are painted in a calm light brown, while "caps" of false more elegant. The palette is falsely - from the color of sulfur to the color of the red brick.
Well, of course, the first rule for all novice mushrooms will never lose relevance: not sure - do not take. If you first collect mushrooms, the harvest before use you need to show a more experienced lover of quiet hunting.
Video on the topic
Among the mushrooms are very popular, which marinate, fry, make salads and various sauces of them. But there is a danger to confuse edible representatives of the mushroom kingdom with false whales.
Inedible twins will be preferred to settle like their fellow families in big families on a dog, stump and rotten trees
Inedible twins will be preferred to settle like their fellow familiar families on trees, stumps and rotten trees. All their species are very similar in appearance.
The legs of the fungi are very thin and hollow inside. The surface of the caps is painted in bright tones, which depend on the place of growth, the composition of the soil and time of the year. To the touch of a smooth skin.
Features of false science (video)
Botanical description of the main types of false
The group of false will be turned on several types of mushrooms. Since they grow in identical conditions with edible representatives, they are very easy to confuse. Some species are conditionally edible, other inedible, and the third poisonous. Due to the danger to get serious poisoning, inexperienced mushroomnik, it is advised not to collect suspicious mushrooms.
Poppy Open
The second name of the mushroom is sermoplastic. Growing on the fallen trees and pine stumps. In rare cases, it is found on rotting rhizome. It begins to be froning from the last month of summer and continues until the middle of the autumn.
The hemispherical hat reaches in the amount of 7 cm. In the process of the growth of the fruit body changes the view of the bulk-prostrate, along the edge of which the particles remain covered. If the fruit grows in a wet environment, the hat acquires a light brown color. In a dry place its surface of light yellow tones. The middle of the hats is much brighter the edges. The smell of whitish pulp resembles dampness.
Plates located on the inner surface of the cap, grow to the leg. In young individuals, their color is pale yellow. Over time, the color changes, becoming like poppy seeds. Long leg (up to 10 cm) can be both straight and curved. Film flag quickly disappears. The base has red-red color, and the hairs are yellow.
Since the Poppy Opel refers to a conditionally edible category, after processing it can be used in culinary purposes. It is not recommended to collect old mushrooms, which with age lose taste.
Poppy Open Brick-red Open
Poisonous mushroom, which, at a young age, has a rounded-convex cap, turning into semi-prostate. The surface is light reddish-brown tones, either red-brown and brick-red. In the central part of the color is significantly richer. On the edges there are white patching fragments that are the remnants of the bedspread. Gorky flesh of yellowish tones. Plates change color over time. In young copies, they are dirty yellow, and ripe olive-brown. The shape of the leg can be flat or narrowed below. The color is yellowish, at the bottom of a slightly brown. Structure dense.
Prefers to shave on wood hardwood in large families. Peak fruction falls at the end of the summer - the beginning of autumn.
Brick-red Open Sulfur
The diameter of a poisonous okey cap ranges from 2 to 7 cm. The young mushroom has its form similar to the bell. With age becomes prostrate. Color can be yellow-brown or sulfur, which is reflected in his name. The central part of the hat is somewhat darker than around the edge.
The inside of the fetus is whitish or sulfur-yellow. The smell emanating from the pulp is unpleasant. The leg with a diameter of 0.5 cm grows up to 10 cm long. From above sulfur-yellow with a fibrous structure. Mushrooms are growing with groups of about 50 fruits that have grown in the base with legs.
The difference between false from the autumn (video)
How to distinguish false poles from edible mushrooms
Despite the fact that the features of edible are largely similar to their false collections, having understood in the characteristics and differences of each species, you can learn to distinguish them. The main signs of differences:
- Exterior view of the hat. In real mushrooms, its surface layer is covered with peculiar flakes of a darker color than the HAT itself. Mature mushrooms become smooth, losing their scales. But it is not scary, since such mushrooms no longer represent interest.
- Ring or skirt. Edible young individuals under a hat have a white film, which as the fungus groves turns into a ring on the leg. False copies do not have it.
- Skin color on a hat. False representatives are much brighter edible mushrooms. Real widespread is usually tender brown. Inedible species with the addition of red and yellow-gray tones.
- Smell. Edible mushrooms are distinguished by a mushroom fragrance. Dangerous twins, on the contrary, exuded an unpleasant land or mold.
- Plates. True sheds are characterized by the presence of light plates (yellowish or beige). Inedible species, they are brighter and darker (olive, greenish, yellow).
The fruit is also different from real mushrooms. False views of unpleasant and bitter, but it is forbidden to try. Carefully examining the signs that promote the edible mushroom from dangerous can be removed from the serious consequences of poisoning toxic substances.
Toxic elements of false leaves adversely affect the cardiovascular system and the brain Signs of poisoning false hassle
In case of erroneous use of false beings, inxication of the body arises, which manifests itself in the following symptomatics:
- The first signs of poisoning are manifested during the first hour after taking into eating, but there are cases when it takes up to 12 hours.
- Toxic compounds that have fallen into the body are very quickly absorbed into the blood. Then, with its current penetrate into all organs, providing a negative effect.
- Complaints on unpleasant sensations in the stomach appear, there is a slight dizziness, heartburn, the drilling of the abdomen, nausea.
- After 4-6 hours, the symptoms begin to progress. Join the lethargy, apathy, trembling in the limbs and general weakness. As the nauseous state is strengthened, vomiting occurs. Gastric spasms are moving to the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe abdomen. The chair becomes frequent and watery, accompanied by sharp abdominal pain. Cold sweat is highlighted. On the palms and feet stands cold sweat. Falls of blood sugar.
The most poisonous mushrooms (video)
Toxic elements negatively affect the cardiovascular system and the brain. As a result, the pulse rhythm slows down and the blood pressure is reduced to the critical level. The lack of oxygen leads to the formation of the skin (cyanosis). The patient suffers from headache and dizziness.
Intense vomiting and diarrhea dehydrates the body, so the replenishment of the balance of the fluid is required, otherwise there will be a violation of life processes. In the absence of necessary assistance, the patient begins nonsense and hallucinations appear. There is an alternation of excitation and inhibition.
Health recovery after poisoning depends on the speed of adopted measures. Timely appeal to a specialist and carrying out the necessary procedures reduces the periods of recovery and minimizes the consequences.
Going in search of mushrooms should remember that only those mushrooms should be assembled in the basket, in which there are no doubts that these are edible species. Otherwise, the find should be refused.
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