Description. In their own way outward appearance the dressing resembles the forest and steppe ferret, but is a smaller species than them, measuring only 29 to 38 cm in length with a tail. The weight of adult dressings ranges from 370 to 730 g. Unlike many species related to dressings, males and females of these animals are equally large. The body type of dressings with an elongated narrow body and short legs corresponds to the usual body type of many weasels. The bandaging lifestyle is similar to that of the steppe ferret. They are active mainly at dusk or at night, and occasionally go hunting in the daytime. As a rule, they spend the day in their own burrow, which they dug out either independently or adopted from other animals. Outside mating season dressings live alone. Their habitats can be suppressed, but there are almost no fights between these animals, as they try to avoid each other. In case of danger, the dressing raises the hair of its fur on end and directs its bushy tail forward, the warning coloring of which should, like that of skunks, scare off the enemy. If that doesn't work, the bandaging from your anal gland can spray the foul-smelling secretion into the air. Nutrition. Bandages hunt like on the ground, where they sometimes stand on the back paints in order to have better view terrain, and on trees that they know how to climb. Most often, however, it hunts in underground passages by various rodents, in which it sometimes even settles. Its food includes mainly gerbils, voles, ground squirrels, hamsters, as well as birds, various small vertebrates and insects. Little is known about the lifespan of bandages, but in captivity they live for almost nine years.
1. Past and present of vegetation.
2. The past and present of the animal world.
3. Fauna and flora of the Belgorod region in the names of geographical objects and settlements.
1. Past and present of vegetation.
The Belgorod region in natural and geographical terms is located in the forest-steppe zone (central and western parts of the region) and in the steppe zone (eastern and southeastern parts of the region). The steppe zone correlates well with the distribution area of CHO on the soil map of the Belgorod region.
Forest-steppe zone.
This zone occupies about 2/3 of the territory of the Belgorod region and is characterized by an island distribution of forests and steppes in the same climatic conditions... The phenomenon of the insular forest-steppe is not fully understood. The most plausible seems to be the hypothesis of G.P. Surmach (1988) about the confinement of forests to lithologically heterogeneous layered sediments with a relatively shallow depth of aquiclude (2-5 m), which plays the role of a moisture accumulator. The steppe areas of the terrain gravitate towards the areas of distribution of homogeneous loess-like loams, which have a lower moisture capacity in the root layer. In the Belgorod forest-steppe in natural attitude the following vegetation is distinguished: forest, marsh, steppe.
Forests of the insular forest-steppe.
In the past (XVI century) the forests of the Belgorod region occupied about 30% of its entire area and about 60% of common area Belgorod forest-steppe. From east to west in the Belgorod region, the following forests were found:
1. Ilovsky forest.
2. Userdsky forest.
3. Verkhosesensk forest.
4. Kotelsky forest.
5. Valuisky forest.
6. Puzatsky forest.
7. Oskol forest.
8. Reasonable and Korensk forest.
9. Bolkhovoy boyara (Bolkhovets appeared at its mouth).
10. Long boyarak.
11. Onboard grooming of the Putivl district.
Boyarak is a large arboreal gully overgrown with forest.
Forests performed very important role in the life of the landscape of the insular forest-steppe. They, in particular, softened and humidified the climate (it was found that precipitation), performed the water-regulating function of river runoff, and reduced erosion processes.
Depending on the geological substrate and position in the relief, the forests of the Belgorod region were divided into three main formations: floodplain forests of broad-leaved and small-leaved species; coniferous forests on sandy forest terraces and on chalk deposits of forest valleys; broadleaf forests on steep slopes of river valleys, watersheds and in gully depressions.
Floodplain forests were widespread on the silt swampy soils of river floodplains. The main rock-forming element was alder, and forests were called alders. In addition to alder, there were poplar, aspen, willow, rakita, and willow.
Currently, alder forests are very fragmentary found in river floodplains. In the past, there were much more of them, as evidenced by their ubiquitous remains in peat deposits of floodplains.
Pine forests on the sandy terraces of the Seversky Donets, Nezhegoli, Vorskla and other rivers of the Belgorod region were studied at the beginning of the 20th century by V.N. Sukachev. The researcher found only islands of pine forests, but he was convinced that in the past continuous pine forests completely covered the sands of the left banks of the rivers. Regarding the modern area of Sosnovka in the Seversky Donets valley on the southern outskirts of Belgorod, he said the following: “... it is quite possible that where the birch now grows, and especially on the sands, there used to be a pine tree. But this assumption is made especially probable by the fact that several very old pines still grow in the Razumensky Garden. I saw several of the same old pines near the farmsteads, a little before reaching x. Razumensky. Their deep old age says that they are not artificially planted, but are the remnants of those times when the whole area was covered with boron ... ”(Sukachev, 1903, pp. 88-89).
Pine forests on chalk are found in Belgorodsky, Shebekinsky, Novooskolsky and a number of other areas of the Belgorod region. According to V.N. Sukachev, they have been preserved here since ice age... A classic pine forest on chalk is Bekaryukovsky pine forest, located on the right steep bank of the Nezhegol River near the village. Bekaryukovka (currently - Malomikhaylovka). Pine trees grow either on bare chalk deposits, or on thin soddy-calcareous soils, underlain by chalk below. A characteristic feature of chalk forests is the presence of mixed steppe and relict groups (wolfberry of Sofia, chalk thyme, Siberian istod) along the canopy of pine.
Pine forests in the first half of the Holocene (10-5 ka) were probably ubiquitous in the forest part of the Belgorod region. Areas of pine forests also extended to watersheds, where loamy deposits were developed.
Gradually, in the course interspecies competition with other breeds, as well as by virtue anthropogenic factor, pine forests reduced their ranges, surviving only on chalk cliffs and in places on sandy terraces of rivers.
The third type of forests - deciduous forests on the steep slopes of river valleys, on watersheds and in gullies had in the past and still have the largest share among the forests of the Belgorod region. In most cases, oak predominates quantitatively in the stand, although other species are also found: maple, ash, elm, linden, wild pear, wild apple, etc.
Oak forests, according to their position in the relief, are subdivided into watershed, upland and ravine.
Dividing oak forests in the past occupied significant areas. The dominant type of forest in them can be considered a glaucous-sedge and glaucous oak grove. In addition to oak, ash and elm trees are found in the first tier. The second tier can be formed by linden and maple. Euonymus, honeysuckle and buckthorn are abundant in the undergrowth. Typical and widespread species of oak stands are whiteweed, hairy sedge, Siberian scrub, lily of the valley, yellow goose onion, oak goose, oak bluegrass, female cochidian, etc. the watershed oak forests have suffered greatly from the anthropogenic factor.
Much large areas up to the present time preserved upland oak forests, confined to the steep slopes of river valleys. They differ great variety relief, variegation soil cover, structure and productivity of forest stands. A unique oak forest of this type is Les na Vorskla with an area of over 1000 hectares. The oak forest comprises more than half of mature forests aged 60 to 80 years, and on an area of about 160 hectares, the age of the oak forest is from 270 to 300 years. This is the oldest oak grove within the East European Plain, represented by a linden-oak glaucous forest.
There are widespread upland oak forests in the Seversky Donets basin (its steep right bank, the right banks of the Koren, Korocha, Nezhegol rivers), in the Oskol basin (the largest on the Oskol right bank near Novy Oskol and the village of Chernyanka) and in the Valuy basin and its tributary Polatovka. Located at the southern limits of the forest-steppe, Valuiskie forests are the most xerophytic upland oak forests not only in the Belgorod region, but throughout the entire Central Russian forest-steppe. They are characterized by the absence of linden, which appears in other forests located to the north and northwest of Valuiskie. These forests are also characterized by weak undergrowth and grass cover. Bayrachny oak forests are common both in the southern and northern steppe... At present, they are usually located in the upper reaches of the ravines, although not long ago they covered them up to the mouth. This is due to the fact that the best regeneration after felling is found in forests on well-moistened loams covering the upper reaches of the ravines. The lower and middle parts of the beams are dry, as they are stacked with chalk. Bayrachna forests have been particularly affected by felling and grazing. Therefore, in their place, park woodlands were formed, which received the apt name - sparse oak. Modern oak forests are very much changed by man. Oak sprouts in most of them are 40-50 years old. This is due to the fact that over the past 300-400 years, oak forests have been continuously subjected to selective felling of the most mature trees. In the topographical description of the Kursk governorship for 1785, it is noted that after the destruction of a forest fit for structure, there was not much of it, and a stunted wood forest (for firewood) predominates. The topographical description of the Kharkiv governorship says that in the place of the destroyed forests, many oak stumps are visible, having a diameter of up to 3 arshins (1 arshin is equal to 71 cm). I.A. Pavlenko (1955) believes that a particularly strong destruction of forests in the Central Russian forest-steppe took place in the 18th century, when the Azov-Black Sea flotilla was built and distillery, saltpeter, sugar beet and other industries were widely developed.
A number of authors note that the deciduous forests of the Central Russian Belogorie in the pre-cultural period were dense and difficult to pass. In particular, there is an opinion that the podzolization of gray forest soils the southern forest-steppe was created in slightly different conditions - under a closed dense tree canopy with abundant dead cover and with little or even no grass cover. In the course of clearing the forests and giving them a park-like appearance, the conditions for the growth of grass under their canopy have significantly improved. However, according to a number of handwritten sources from the first half of the 17th century, the assumption of the widespread distribution of dense and dead-cover forests in the Belgorod Territory is questioned.
Deforestation and forestry activities have led to a decrease in biological diversity in forests. For example, in the forests of the Kursk governorship at the end of the 18th century, lingonberries, drupes, brambles, cranberries and blueberries were encountered everywhere (Topographic ... 1785). Now these berries, with the exception of drupes and, in rare cases, cranberries, are not found in the Belgorod region.
Time dynamics of the forested area of the Belgorod region: (in% of the total area of the region) 1600 - 30%; 1780 - 16%; 1850 13%; 1920 - 8%; 1990 - 8%.
Swamp vegetation of the Belgorod forest-steppe.
There are two types of swamps: lowland and raised. Low-lying bogs were widespread in floodplains of rivers and in gully depressions as early as the 18th century. Currently vegetation lowland swamps scattered with islands, mainly in river floodplains and confined to old depressions. The vegetation of lowland bogs is represented by cattails, reeds, reeds, various sedges, duckweed, and algae.
High bogs are an exceptional rarity on the territory of the Belgorod region. Until recently, the Mokhovoe bog, 4 km west of Grayvoron, among a mountain oak forest, was of particular interest. It was discovered in 1902 by V.N. Sukachev and was a passable sphagnum swamp with small windows pure water... Sundew, cotton grass, and cranberries were scattered across the sphagnum bog. In 1950. the swamp was drained and the peat deposit selected. Fortunately, at present it is gradually self-healing, representing a lake with a sphagnum float, 3 to 35 m wide. A sundew and cotton grass were found on the float.
The steppes of the insular forest-steppe.
Between the vast islands of the watershed forests, as well as around the gully forests, meadow steppes were spread on typical and partly leached chernozems. Forb-meadow steppes were characterized by a predominance of forbs, the mass flowering of which gave them an unusual colorful appearance. In early April, the steppe became lilac from large flowers of lumbago. In late April - early May, yellowish-orange flowers of spring adonis appeared. In early May, against a green background, the yellow flowers of primrose and Potentilla were striking, in some places bluish-yellow spots of hyacinth stood out. In mid-May, pale blue forget-me-nots began to bloom. In early June, meadow sage bloomed, and the steppe became dark purple. Against this background, feather grass panicles flashing with silver were especially noticeable. At the end of June, mountain clover and six-petalled meadowsweet turned the steppe into a snow-white blanket. In early July, sainfoin and bedstraw blossomed, giving the steppe dull pink and yellow hues. Starting from the middle of July, the colorfulness of the steppe sharply declined and the whole second half of the summer the steppe had a burnt-out brownish-yellow hue.
Vegetation of the northern steppe of the Belgorod region. It is represented by gully oak forests and vast expanses of steppes. In the floodplains of rivers, meadow vegetation is widespread with big role wet grasses and forbs in comparison with classical steppes on watersheds. The steppes of the southeast of the Belgorod region were fescue-feather grass, representing an almost continuous sea of feather grass. The existing forbs played a subordinate role, and a number of plants belonged to the tumbleweed type: swing paniculata, broad-leaved kermek, field bluehead, etc. In late March - early April, ephemeres and ephemeroids vegetated in the cereal steppes. Schrenck's tulips stood out with red and yellow flowers, spots of Turchaninov's break and hyacinthic inflorescences were white. In early May, the steppe tulip revealed its dark cherry flowers in the sun. In the second half of May, feather grass began to bloom, acquiring a silvery hue. It was at this time that the steppe resembled a sea waving in the wind. Simultaneously with feather grass, other steppe grasses bloomed: fescue, fine-legged, steppe fire. Since the end of July, the grass steppes have burned out, acquiring a yellow color. Before the plowing of the steppes, the most significant impact on them was the burning of grass as a means of defense against the Tatars (the grass served as pasture for the horses of the Tatar army). However, after the arson in the first years, until the feather grass recovered, the steppe was covered with weeds, mainly swans, and then mordovniks, thistles, and thistles. Weeds, on the other hand, grew much higher than feather grass. The steppe was set on fire as a military tactical technique. In the vicinity of the watchman (places of observation of the Russian intelligence of the enemy, i.e. the Tatars). Here is how an eyewitness, foreign ambassador to Russia Jacques Margeret writes about it: “... the sentries, leaving the road (from the Tatar Sakma, note by Y. Cheptsev) along which the enemy follows, scatter here and there, waiting for him to pass, and leave to his trail and approximately determine his forces by the width of the road he paved in the grass, which is taller than a horse; but this is not meadow grass, but desert, since the Russians set it on fire every spring both so that the Tatars do not have pastures in the springtime, and so that it grows higher. " (J. Margeret, 1986, p. 253).
Currently, there are almost no virgin steppes in the Belgorod region. The exception is protected area Yamskaya steppe (515 hectares, preserved as a standard of meadow-steppe vegetation of the forest-steppe) and several dozen hectares of feather grass steppe on a ravine slope in the Viktoropol state farm in Veidelevsky district (a standard of steppe vegetation of the northern steppe of the Belgorod region).
In the Belgorod Territory in the 17th century, there were special forest lands called "boarding groceries". At the end of the 18th century - "In the forests, the inhabitants lead a bee, which is multiplying in the Kursk province and its owners are abundant with good profits."
2. The past and present of the animal world.
Animal world ground spaces.
In the forests of the Belgorod region at the end of the 18th century. elks, bears, wild boars, lynxes, martens, wild goats, squirrels, hares, foxes, wolves were found. From forest birds- black grouse, jays, magpies, eagle owls, owls. In the steppes - marmots, gophers, badgers, hori, ermines, earthen hares, mole rats, moles, hamsters. From steppe birds- crows (black) and ravens, sparrows, wood pigs, jackdaws, turtle doves, rooks, geese, bustards, blackbirds, cranes, orioles, swallows, partridges, quails.
Elk disappeared in the 19th century. By now, bears, lynxes, marmots, black grouses, wild geese, bustards, and cranes have disappeared.
Moose appeared (in the mid-1950s), apparently as runaways from the Bryansk forests.
Red deer were artificially acclimatized.
Wolves by 1970 were almost universally exterminated. Nowadays, they can sometimes be found in the forests.
The raccoon dog was introduced and settled across the territory of the Kharkov region in 1935-46, from where it penetrated into the Belgorod region and took root well in it.
By the end of the 18th century, many animals that had lived here earlier were probably no longer found on the territory of the Belgorod region. This refers to the forest tour, which was hunted by the Slavs-northerners, to the buffalo, tarpan and saiga.
This is how he described the wild animals of the late 18th century in the steppes located south of modern territory In the Belgorod region, the German traveler Tunmann (his description is obviously entirely applicable to the steppes of the Belgorod region before they were populated by humans): “There are many wild animals in these steppes: except for bears, wolves, buffaloes, elk, hare, foxes, badgers, marmots, martens, wild boars, deer and wild goats, there are also wild horses and wild sheep (saigas - approx. YG Chendeva). both of these breeds have been found in the local and neighboring steppes since ancient times. The wool of wild horses in the first years is reddish, then it becomes mouse-gray with a black tail and mane, with a black stripe along the rump. They are very difficult to catch, they are best caught in winter. They are much faster and significantly stronger than tamed horses. You cannot tame them, or you succeed with the greatest work... They walk in herds led by the strongest stallions. Wild rams they walk in herds of several thousand heads ... Hares, hazel grouses, partridges are found in such numbers that the Russians often caught them with their hands during their transitions across the steppe ”(Thunmann, 1991, pp. 43-44). It is interesting to note that one of the manuscripts of the 17th century cites an interesting fact that the Tatars combined hunting for people with hunting for game and wild boars (Novoselsky, 1942).
Russian sentinels, who monitored the movements of the Tatars, in many cases gave false information, mistaking the dust raised in the steppe by herds of wild horses or saigas as a sign of the movement of enemy cavalry (Margeret, 1986). This already indicates how strongly the Central Russian forest-steppe was inhabited by animals in the pre-cultivated period.
The fauna of reservoirs.
Obviously, as early as the 17th century, beavers were ubiquitous in the Belgorod forest-steppe. For instance, letters of commendation Tsar Mikhail Fyodorovich in the summer of 1639 was allowed "Korochensky boyar children in Koren and in the Rusty River to beat beavers." (Maltsev, 1907, p. 24).
In addition to beavers, aquatic animals included the otter, desman, muskrat. These three kinds of animals have survived in the reservoirs of the Belgorod region to the present.
The fish wealth of the Belgorod region suffered to a lesser extent. Their biological diversity decreased slightly. Of the fish that apparently disappeared, but existed in the 16th century, sturgeons should be indicated (the Seversky Donets is a tributary of the Don, and the Don flows into the Sea of Azov, where sturgeons are still present). Many fish were larger than modern ones. This is due to the fact that the fish were not caught and lived to a ripe old age. In catfish, the length reached 5 m, and the weight was 300 kg; for pikes - 150-180 cm and weight up to 50 kg.
Indicative is the list of fish found in the rivers of the Kursk province at the end of the 18th century. For the Seversky Donets, the following fish were indicated: whiteness, loaches, chubs, loaches, ruffs, crucians, bream, tench, burbot, perch, gudgeon, roach, sabers (spikes with a body flattened from the sides), sibili (verkhovodki), pike perch, catfish, pikes, ides, crayfish, chebaks. "In Vezelka, the best of the small ones is ruffs."
If species diversity of fish in the reservoirs of the Belgorod region over the past century has decreased slightly, the total biomass of the inhabitants of lakes and rivers has decreased significantly. The conditions of their habitats were violated due to the shallowing of water bodies.
A number of farms in the Belgorod Region are successfully engaged in pond farming... Commercial fish are bred: carp, carp, silver carp. Recently they began to breed grass carp.
The catch of wild fish in ponds is 3-5 c / ha. In fed ponds - up to 25 kg / ha. At the appointed hour, the fish wait for the boat with food and a huge herd follow him until he has poured out all the food.
3. Fauna and flora of the Belgorod region in the names of geographical objects and settlements.
1) Grayvoron - gray - birch grove, where the northerners Slavs were engaged in prophetic fortune-telling based on the flight of birds.
2) Teterevino - a village in the Prokhorovsky district.
3) Turya is a village near the border of Sumy and Belgorod regions.
4) Beaver Yards - a village in the Gubkinsky district.
5) Bobrava - a river in the Rakityanskiy region.
6) Rakitnoe - the administrative center of the Rakityanskiy district.
7) Dubovoe is an urban-type settlement in the Belgorod region.
8) Berezovka - a village in the Graivoronsky and Ivnyansky districts.
9) Verkhneberezovo - a village in the Shebekinsky district.
10) Ivanovskaya fox - a village in Borisov (Grayvoronsky) district.
11) Linden Donets - a tributary of the Seversky Donets.
12) Podolkhi and Vyazovoe - settlements in the Prokhorovka region.
13) Bolshiye Lipyagi, Bryansk Lipyagi - villages in the Veidelevsky district.
14) Silent Pine is a river.
15) Lubyanoe - a village in the Chernyansky district (from the word "lubye" - boards harvested in the forest for the construction of ships and other purposes).
16) Vistula Dubrava - a village in the Gubkinsky district.
17) Verkhnyaya Olshanka, Elnikovo, Pereleski - villages in the north of the Prokhorovsky region.
18) Novotavolzhanka - a village in the Shebekinsky region (from the name of the meadow plant of meadow meadowsweet).
19) Grabovskoe - a village near the border of Sumy and Belgorod regions.
20) Lozovoe - a village in the Rivne region; Loznaya is a village in the Chernyansky district.
21) There are a lot of names throughout the Belgorod region, especially where there were forests in the past: Bear Log, Bear Yar, Wolf Yaruga, etc. The Volchya River is located in the Volokonovsky District.
22) Badger forest - near the village of Ustinovka, Belgorod region.
23) Borki is a village in the Valuisky district. Borovskoe is a village in the Shebekinsky region. Borovki is a village in the Novooskolsk region.
24) Hare - a village in the Korochansky district.
25) Ivitsa is a river in the Korochansky district.
26) Maple - tract near the village of Bochkovka, Belgorod region.
27) Kovylnaya - a village in the Chernyansky district.
28) Kukuevka (formerly Kukushkino) - a village in the Valuisky district.
29) Lebyazhye - an old lake in the left-bank part of the river. North. Donets near the village. Maslova Pier.
30) Lisiy - a farm in the Belgorod region.
31) Orlik - river, right tributary of the Oskol.
32) Osinovka - a village in the Gubkinsky district.
33) Redkodub - a village in the Krasnogvardeisky district.
34) Carp - a stream, the left tributary of the Oskol in the Volokonovsky district (in the 17th century - the Big carp, along it there were nadolbs).
35) Stepnoye - a village in the Gubkinsky district.
36) Talnik tract in the Prokhorovsky district (thickets of willows).
37) Ternovka is a village in the Yakovlevsky district.
38) Khmelevo - villages in the Chernyansky district and Novooskolsky district.
39) Turtle - a stream in the Yakovlevsky district.
40) Chernyanka - the administrative center of the Chernyansky district (from the word "black forest", that is, floodplain impassable thickets of alder).
41) Yablonovo is a village in the Korochansky district.
42) Yasenok - a tract with an ash tree.
Trees in names: oak, maple, linden, elm, birch, pine, willow, alder, spruce, hornbeam, ash, apple, blackthorn, aspen.
The animals of the Belgorod region, included in the Red Book, were first classified in the first edition, published in 2005. This is the official publication intended not only for specialists, but also for a wide range of readers.
The Red Data Book of the Belgorod Region is a list of endangered mushrooms and plants of the region. It includes 213 plant species and 269 species of a wide variety of animals. There is an appendix that includes 175 species of animals requiring urgent measures for their protection, and 79 species of plants. Each species is decorated with colorful illustrations, a distribution map, the category of rarity and status, description, there is information about the number.
Animals of the Belgorod region listed in the Red Book. Common hamster
Mammal from the order of rodents, the hamster family. In the Belgorod region, it is a species that is dwindling in numbers (II).
Distinctive features
Enough big rodent- its body reaches a length of 350 mm, tail - up to 58 mm. Weight 400-600 g. The muzzle is moderately long. The auricles are short and covered with dark, fine hairs. Paws with long claws, wide. The sole of the feet is pubescent only in the heel area.
On the back, the color is monochromatic, ocher-brown, the belly is black. On the sides of the body and in its front part there are two light large spots... They are usually separated by a patch of black fur. There are large light spots on the sides of the head, small ones behind the ears and in the area of the shoulder blades.
Ermine
Mammals from the order of predators, Belongs to IV, poorly studied species.
Description
Males have a body length from 197 to 325 mm, females are slightly smaller (170-270 mm). The weight of males - 258 g, females - does not exceed 180 g. The tail can be considered moderately long. It is slightly more than a third of the body's length, and with a hair at the end it is almost half the length.
The color in summer is two-tone - the back, the top of the head, the outer sides of the limbs and sides are dark brown. Throat, upper lip, belly, outer limbs and chest are white. In winter, the fur is white. The tail is black at the end both in winter and summer. It differs from a weasel in its larger size and a much longer tail.
Giant evening party
These are unique animals of the class of mammals, the order of bats, the family of bats. This bat belongs to III - a rare species on the territory of the region.
External features
Body length reaches 104 mm, forearms - about 70 mm, weight -76 g. Hair of medium length, with a rather pale base. The color is from gray-red to auburn, the belly is slightly lighter than the back of the animal. Dark fur spots are visible behind the ears. From many European species differs in its size.
Common kutora
It should be noted that some animals of the Belgorod region, listed in the Red Book, are widely represented in other regions of our country. For example, mammals from the order of insectivores, the common mole family. The animal is classified as IV, a poorly studied species.
Appearance description
The main structural features of this animal are associated with swimming. Length - 96 mm, body weight - about 23 g. Feet are elongated. Feet and hands are trimmed with short coarse hair. The “keel” is clearly visible on the tail. It is made up of longer hair. The fur is thick. The color of the sides of the body and top - black, abdomen white, the color border is pronounced.
It differs from other rodents in a special proboscis, from shrews - in a bright black and white color, a large foot, from a small shrew - in developed long hair on the paws, with a keel that runs along the bottom of the tail.
Dressing
Mammal from the weasel family. View (0) - Critically Endangered.
Appearance
Body length about 350 mm, tail - 21 cm. Weight - about 700 g. Males are larger than females. The color is bright and variegated, it changes depending on the season. A characteristic mask of alternating light and dark colored areas is noted on the muzzle. The chin and lips are white; a wide dark brown stripe runs along the eyes. A transverse "sling" runs along the forehead. At the base of the ears and between them, it goes into black field... The tips of the ears are white. The back is yellow or brownish, with light or dark spots. On the sides of the body, from the withers to its middle, there are light stripes.
Of course, these are not all animals of the Belgorod region, which are listed in the Red Book. If you are interested in the fauna of this area, you can purchase this interesting edition in the bookstores of our country.
The Belgorod region is located in the European part of our country. It is part of the Central federal district, borders on Kursk and Voronezh regions and also with Ukraine.
The area of the Belgorod Region is 27.1 thousand km², and the length from north to south is 190 km, west to east - 270 km.
For loyalty, courage and courage in defending the Motherland, the Belgorod region was awarded the Order of Lenin.
The Belgorod region bewitches and attracts our compatriots and foreign tourists.
The flora of the Belgorod region
If we consider the vegetation of the Belgorod region in general terms, then 1284 species can be distinguished. These types can vary depending on the location - earth, water, clay, sand.
Forest and steppe species take where most flora of the Belgorod region. Most of these massifs are specially protected, since on their territories there is a large number of plants and animals listed in the Red Book.
If we talk about the plants of the Belgorod region, it should be noted that the basis of these forests is oak. But it is precisely oak forests are quite rare. Most often they include such trees as: ash, maple, linden, bird cherry, mountain ash, pear, wild apple. Such forests are multi-tiered.
There are also small-leaved forests in the Belgorod region. Most often you can see birch and aspen in them. They grow in places of burnt-out forests, newly formed swamps, damp ravines.
In places untouched by man, derezniks grow. These are thickets, similar to low shrubs, including: dereza, blackthorn, wild rose. Their role in flora The Belgorod region is extremely large - they contribute to the constant moistening of the soil by retaining rain or melt water.
The Belgorod region is famous for the construction of cultural vegetation. And for this, people are constantly fighting weeds - field thistle, wild oat, cornflower, field bindweed, larkspur and others.
The cultivated vegetation of the Belgorod region, artificially grown forests and species are: oak, ash, birch, yellow acacia, maple, pear, apple, small-leaved linden and others.
Fauna of the Belgorod region
The fauna of the Belgorod region is quite wide and diverse. Starting from the usual chordates, mammals, birds, reptiles, reptiles, amphibians and ending with all types of worms and bacteria.
The basis of the animal world of the Belgorod region are those species that easily adapt to external natural conditions life: mice, mole rats, voles, hares, foxes, wolves, ferrets, weasels. Wolves, foxes live in both wooded and steppe zones.
People were able to breed a large number of animals in natural environment a habitat. These animals are: elk, wild boar, roe deer, beaver. Also the man gave new life spotted deer and bobak marmots.
As for birds, the Belgorod region is famous for numerous types passerines, anseriformes and predators. Such birds are: crows, songbirds, mallard ducks and sparrowhawks and others.
Among reptiles, the most common nimble lizards, snake. Amphibians of the Belgorod Region are not only frogs common types, but also terrestrial, for example, toads or grass frogs.
The reservoirs of the Belgorod region are full of bream, roach, carp, crucian carp and other common fish. Very rare species steel: dace, catfish, lamprey.
Many species are on the verge of extinction. Birds - bustard, little bustard, steppe tirkushka. Amphibians - common tree frog, crested newt. Fish - dace, podust, asp, lamprey, catfish.
Residents of the Belgorod region are trying in every way to preserve these animals, creating natural reserves and prohibiting hunting for specific species.
Climate in the Belgorod region
Spring warmth comes to the Belgorod region in early March. If another cyclone hits the area, the temperature may drop again to a negative mark.
Summers are quite dry and windy. average temperature is 22 degrees, but can rise up to 35 degrees. Only in August, cyclones bringing precipitation are found in the region.
Autumn comes towards the end of September. During this period, the first frosts are observed. October is rainy, the air temperature does not exceed 10 degrees. The first snow falls in November.
Winter weather stabilizes in January. The average January temperature of -10 degrees can drop to -30 degrees. In February, there is a thaw and heavy rainfall in the form of snow.
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