The question of why snow is white, I will sign every person since childhood. But not all children, and adults, know the correct answer, for what reason small snowflakes are not blue or green. Everyone knows that snow is frozen water, more precisely ice. But since the ice is transparent and is able to skip the light through itself, then why snow drifts that are covered far away are frozen, and have a very distinct color?
In the past century, when there were no such developed technologies, allowing to study all natural processes, scientists beat over the question of why snow white. However, the answer never found. Only when the whole process of the creation of snow from the very beginning began to be completely understood, there were some guesses about the "snow-white cover".
It all begins with the fact that under the influences of warm sunlight, water from rivers, lakes and seas turn into pairs, and rises high into atmospheric layers, where permafrost prevails. Couples, in turn, possessing the properties of liquid water, due to the high minus temperature begins to stick and turns into ice crystalline. These are snowflakes, which over time are ready to fall on the ground. For the most part, in those places where heat, ice floes fall out in the form of wet sediments, melted in the air.
How the snow is formed, now it is clear, but why, when falling to the ground, does he suddenly become white?
The question is appropriate, because the snowflakes are really still in the air have the same bandwidth properties of light through themselves as ice. But one should not forget one thing: the faces of the lens are located under chaotic angles, which randomly refracts the sunlight, and they do not absorb it, and they skip further. And when snowflakes are going to the "white bedspread", the rays of the sun, refraart from one snowflake to another, pass through the entire cover. Many rays are reflected in our eyes, which is why it is often when you look at the snow, you have to burst. Sunlight is too bright to perceive it not securely eyes.
But not quite correctly ask the question of why snow is white, because it is not always "clean." So see his people only when the rays of sunlight fall on him. For example, at sunset, it can be painted in a pinkish shade, and in the light of a yellow lantern can be slightly as well as in cloudy weather his shade is grayish.
Changes in the color of the snow also in the air layers, when snowflakes are just beginning their "Padenien Earth". For example, various pollen from trees and colors, dust with arid earth rises and occurs with snow grains in air flow. If such snow does not have time to melt and persists with a small cover, then its color will necessarily be with various shades. In these conditions, ask why snow is white, inappropriate.
However, snowflakes are not just flying chaotic ice floes, which for incomprehensible reasons decided to cover the ground with a "white bedspread".
The main properties of snow are to protect the ground from the cold, the covering of a thick bedspread. Yes, yes, it is to warm and preserve the crop and the soil from freezing, it would seem paradoxically, but it is true. It has a bad thermal conductivity, allowing it to restrain the heat coming out of the ground, and create a "heat pillow". No wonder the needle residents of the Far North were built. Ice, like snow, keeps warm well, creating unique favorable conditions for life.
Do not lose sight of the fact that the size of the snowflake depends on weather conditions outside the window. If it is cold enough, then the ice floes are small, almost imperceptible. And if the sun shines and the air is not as cold, then the sizes of snowflakes can reach several centimeters. So, in 1944, decade-chantimetime "Crupes of Ice" fell out in Moscow.
When a Russian person is asked to imagine winter, he sees the first thing in his imagination snow, snow-white cover, which watched everything around. We are so accustomed to the color of snow that we do not even think why snow white.
Why snow white
All colors perceived by us depend on the sun's rays. Black items completely absorb sunlight, so they are perceived by us black. And if the subject completely reflects the ray of the sun, then the color will seem white.
What is snow, in fact? This is frozen water, hex ice floes. And water and ice colorful. Why then snow white? The ice remains colorless, as the entire sunlight passes through itself. Yes, and each snowflake would have missed all the world and also did not have colors. But snowflakes usually fall on each other in a messy movement. And together they become opaque, but white.
To figure out why snow is white, why he reflects the rays of the sun, we need to look at the composition of the snow. The snow is formed from snowflakes, and snowflakes from a huge amount of crystals. These crystals are not smooth, but with edges. This is the answer to our question, why the snow is white. It is from the edges that the sunlight is reflected.
Water in the atmosphere is a pair, it freezes, and transparent crystals are formed. From the movement of the air, the crystals are freely moving up, then down. In this chaotic motion, the crystals are connected to each other. And when too many crystals are going together, then they begin to fall on Earth already in the form of snowflakes usually.
It turns out, the color of snow is white, because the light of the sun, which it reflects is white. Think if the sun beam became green or yellow, then the color of the snow was the same. Surely, many noticed that during sunrise or sunset, it seems to us that the rays of the sun become pinkish, so the snow at that moment see us pink.
Is there snowing other color
Who can give an affirmative answer to this incomplete question?! Do not learn this idea right away. In fact, it happened that such that fell out colored snow. For example, once Charles Darwin described one such case. The case was during one expedition. Looking at the hooves of Moulov, Ch. Darwin saw that they were covered with red spots. It happened when Mula walked on the snow felling. It turned out that the red snow was formed from the presence of red pollen in the air at a time when snow began to fall.
Olga Chertov
Abstract Classes Mug "Snow, Lodge and their Properties"
On the circle classes"Young ecologist" with the children of the elder group continue to experiment. This time experienced by studying snow and Ice properties.
TARGET: Form an idea of snow, ice and their properties.
Introduce children with physical snow and Ice properties.
TASKS:
Educational. Help children understand why when temperatures change snow and ice change their properties.
Secure knowledge O. snow and Ice properties.
Teach children to analyze, draw conclusions in the experimentation process.
Developing. Develop thinking, the ability to express your thoughts consistently, interest in the winter phenomena of nature.
Educational. Cause the joy of discoveries obtained as a result of experiments.
Preliminary work: Observation by snow, view snowflakes, characteristics snow: dry (wet, loose (dense, cold, deep, sparkling, crumbly, games with snow, experiments, reading the story "First snow "E.. Trutneva.
Materials and equipment: Disposable plates for snow(on each table in a deep and flat plate, snow, magnifiers by the number of children, half a cut apple on a napkin, a spoon is disposable, three water tanks, circles of different colors, visual models of snowflakes and lardes with designation snow and Ice properties, Napkins and towel.
Guys, what time of year says this riddle:
Snow on the fields,
Ice on rivers
Blizzard walks -
When does it happen? (Winter)
And in the following ries, the phenomena of the inanimate nature of winter are referred. Guess them.
He is fluffy, silver,
But his hand is not a trunk,
Will be the drip clean,
How to catch a palm. (snow)
Transparent like glass
And do not insert the window. (Ice)
Arrived asterisk
In the air a little
Village and melted
On my palm. (Snowflake)
The educator draws the attention of children to artificial snowflakes. Are they real? When and where can I see real snowflakes?
Listen to how interesting tells about the snowflakes writer
V. Arkhangelsky. (Children read about how snowflakes are formed).
What happens snow? It turns out snow is different. In very frosty days it is crisp and crumbles. But if a little warmer on the street and a light, small frost will come, then snow will be stickyAnd we can then cut a snowbabo, build a snow fortress, and play snowballs.
And when it happens snow and Loda(Answers).
Time snow And the ice is only in winter, then they are probably something like each other. What do you think? (Answers). Today we will experience experiments and learn what are similar to each other. snow And ice and what they differ.
Experience is practical actions with subjects to recognize them properties.
I scored yesterday snow And ice and laid it on the plates, but it is interesting what happened to him? I propose to go to the snow laboratory, but the entrance to it is difficult (passing through the arc, children answer the question "Where does the snowflake live?")
Now we are scientists and researchers, we will find out what they are snow and ice and what are their properties. And our assistant will be a special device for research. Find it on your tables, how is this device called? (magnifier). What is a magnifying glass? (magnifying glass).
Guys and what happened with snow? (melted) Why?
It means snow And the ice is formed from the water under the action of frost and melted warm.
(The snowflake is attached to the board with the image 1 properties, on snowflake Drawd a droplet water: snow melts warm).
Let's carefully consider the melted snow. What do you see? (dirty water). Guys, I saw that some children eat snow. Do they come correctly? Which one then snow to the touch? (cold). Can I have snow? (not, snow Cold and can be dirty).
Experience number 1. "Color definition".
Compare: What color is water snow and Loda(snow white, water and ice colorful) And what else is white? (Fixed 2 snowflake: snow White - in the center of the snowflakes of cotton, ice colorful).
What colour snow? (white)
What color is ice? (colorless)
Experience number 2. "Determining transparency".
We will conduct an experiment. You have geometric shapes under the plates, name them (circles). What color are they? Put one circle on an empty plate, we put snow, Other lowering into the water, we put the third round under the iceline. Where the circle is seen, and where not? Why? (attached to the board 3 snowflake: snow Opaque - painted eye, led transparent - outdoor eye).
Experience number 3. "Definition of smell".
Guys and how to find out snow and ice smell? (you need to smell). I understand the apple first, which apple? (fragrant, fragrant). And now snow(U. snow no odor) (fastened 4. snowflake: snow And the ice does not smell - the nose is drawn on the snowflake).
Let's try to stick in snow wandWhat happened? Is it possible to stick a wand in the ice? It can be concluded that rhyme snow, and ice is solid.
Take a hand snow and pour her. How can you call it property snow? (Bulk). And ice? I "accidentally" Drew ice, what happened to him? (He split, he is fragile).
Fizkulminutka:
Snow fluffy all flies, (raise hands up and slowly lowered)
And the blizzard overestimates.
how many snow marked, (Show drifts)
All paths brought!
We are the ruins of the rake (imitate actions)
And in the snowballs will play. (Step)
Snow today is white, white, (raise hands up and lower)
From him around light.
Mittens we put on (Putting mittens)
and gloves we put on (Dress every finger)
Every finger we are dress
You will be warm to us warmly.
Well done! You have shown so many experiences, and now I want to show you, sit comfortable. See: I have three jars. In one pour water (the child is invited to check the water temperature, (Cold). In the second Nallem warm, but how we get warm water, what water you need to pour first: hot or cold, why? (Cold, then hot). In the third jar, I am hot. In three jars, I will ignore snow at the same time. Where snow melted fasterAnd where is slower? (The warmer water, the faster melted snow, speed of melting snow Depends on the water temperature).
Guys and now let's remember what the properties have snow and ice? (at the end of each experience on the board was mounted snowflakes with snow and Ice properties). Drawn the attention of children to the fact that snow And ice is frozen water.
Let's now unite everything we learned about snow and ice.
Snow - White, opaque, loose, bulk, under the action of heat turns into water.
And the ice is colorless, transparent, solid, fragile, under the action of heat turns into water.
And now, when we met with you properties of snowlet's try to cut the snowflakes yourself and see what they do. (Kids cut out snowflakes).
Summarizing classes: How many today we learned about snowIt's time to go back. You liked our occupation? What is remembered most?
White snow, white snow
All paths prevail.
And where would one glance,
All white white white.
Why snow white? With its crystal, flawless cleanliness compare the whole white color surrounding us. White, as if snow ... Snow white ... Clean, like snow ... Such comparisons are not reading! Due to the snow bedspread?
What color snowflakes?
Snow is a lot of a lot of snowflakes. Very different, absolutely unlike each other. Ideal and unique in your form. Study snowflakes will never bother. Always wondering: how did nature manage to create such perfection?! And when the child sticks with questionings, it is necessary to seek explanations by natural wonders. Why does Eve crying, and the aspen is trembling? How does the frost draw its patterns on the glass? Why is the snowflake just such?
There is water in the atmosphere. It is represented in the form of steam, in a gaseous form. Under the influence of low temperatures, steam condenses, freezes and turns into crystalline.
Snowflake is a small droplet of water in the form of a hex crystalline. Each water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. From here - three or six faces. In essence, the snow mushka is a cliff. But the ice is transparent. Where does white snow flakes come from then?
Light fluffy snowflake white.
What a clean! What a bold!
…………………………………….
In the rays of the gloss glide skillful.
Medium flakes are saving and white.
…………………………………………..
Lying fluffy, brave snowflake.
What a clean! What a bold!
Water crystals snowflakes are formed around water droplets or dust particles. This iceboard, in fact, transparent, colorless. Since the ice completely passes through itself sunlight.
Snowflakes flying from the sky are chaotically circling, falling on each other, blind. Our eyes see not one snowflake, but several connected together. A large number of ice crystals reflects the light of the Sun from its faces. And the sun's rays are white. So it turns out such a pure color.
The warmer on the street, the more snowflakes blind together. Huge flakes fly from the sky. And why the snow cover is white? Or is it an optical deception?
What shade of snow?
Snow on the roofs - with gold.
For houses - with blue.
At dawn - pale gray.
In the bright sun - with scarlet slightly.
The night is all covered with the rize,
Slightly lilac such.
Indeed, the snowball seems perfect white only in the bright rays of the sun. Even then you will see bluish and sly shades in different places. And in the absence of the Sun, it will generally start casting blue. Shadows discarded on a snowy bedspread will never be saturated gray or perfect black. Their color can be called transparent blue, rather.
Leave the mark on the fresh bedspread and look at it. The edges are slightly yellowish, the sides purchased a greenish tint. Where is the neutral color? Why is this happening?
If the subject absorbs the ray of the sun completely, it is perceived by the human eye as black. Snow Mushka does not have such a density. Ice crystals reflect the sun's rays. Therefore, the virgin cover has white. And with the bright Sun, the reflected light is so born that we are forced to pusher eyes.
Snowball is water, the molecules of which absorb the quantum of the red spectrum. Yellow and orange components of light are also lost. Only purple and blue-green rays pass through the flush-crystals. That is, all cold shades of the spectrum. Podted snowball becomes more dense. Accordingly, it can already absorb part of the rays, and part - skip through itself. Therefore, the human eye sees various shades. The deeper the pit in the snow, the closer there will be snow to a liquid state, the darker there will be cold colors.
In various sources, there are cases of color snow. This, indeed, maybe. Suppose, there were many colored dust in the air in the air. Ice crystalline, falling from heaven, will cling to these colorful particles, blind around them. Virgin flies will acquire a shade of this dust.
And, finally, we offer you to create colored snowfall. It is not necessary to paint it with a tassel. Push into a glass or bucket (the capacity of the container can be any) food dye. Do not spare. Pour boiling water and immediately spill on the street. The liquid is instantly crystallized, turning into a colored snow. True, the thermometer column must be below the minus twenty.
For any holiday, I want to surprise guests and make dishes, drinks not only delicious, but also beautiful. And the simplest and affordable option to decorate them - apply original ice. It can be done differently in shape, color, size, but the most important nuance in such a seemingly simple matter to take high-quality water and prepare it correctly. Then the pretty food supply, the drink will be provided - you will easily surprise guests or just close to you, and they will thank you with their enthusiastic words. How to make transparent ice at home the same as in any bar? Consider options below.
How to get transparent ice?
In fact, everything is simple - ordinary physics:
- If there are no air bubbles in frozen water - it will be transparent.
- If there are many bubbles in water - in a frozen form it will get muddy.
Why is this happening? When freezing, the liquid is frozen unevenly, and starting from the edge. Therefore, the layer behind the layer water accumulates all the air in the center. And when the air has nowhere to get out, and the center begins to freeze - the muddy middleness appears. Consequently, to make the ice transparent, you need to remove air from it. There are several options for this.
Ice generator - Professional option
You can always purchase a special device for freezing water, which use in most bars. Today there are many different options for ice generators - from simple home models to large professional.
The essence of the device is that the water in it freezes the layers, not giving the chance of air to get inside. But this device is not enough
Entertainment, and if you do not have the need for a large amount of ice, you can do without appliant means.
Homemade methods
Experienced bartenders know exactly how to make transparent ice at home without the use of special equipment. For this there are several uncomplicated methods.
First method
For this option, you will need to prepare:
- clean water passed through a filter or purchased in the store, but without gas;
- boiling capacity, such as a saucepan;
- forms for freezing.
Creating ice this method implies several steps:
- Water cleanse from unnecessary salts and suspension or take already purified.
- Pour liquid into the container and boil.
- Cool it at room temperature.
- Boil the water again - it will take more air.
- Cool water, skip it through the filter.
- Pour water in the mold cooled to room temperature and freeze.
Important! The ice obtained in this way is more transparent than the frost of ordinary water.
There is also a method at which you do not need to boil water.
The second method
In order to make transparent ice at home without boiling, you will need:
- clean water (better filtering it several times or buy);
- large capacity for freezing;
- ice molds.
What to do with it:
- About two liters of clean water are frozen in a large capacity, after which, frozen blocks are taken out (the simplest way is to dip a bowl of warm water and flip on a lounge towel).
- Then you can pump out the ice from the edges with something sharp, gradually getting up to a turbid middle, which is not needed. There is also an option when the middle with the air is washed out with water.
Next, the extracted split slices are decompressed again in the forms, wait until it melts, and again they are sent to freezing until readiness.
Method Third
If the functions of the freezing chamber allow you to use a slow freezing. To do this, it is necessary to set the temperature in the chamber -1, wait until the camera takes it, and put the prepared water in the freezer. In this case, the form is better to wrap the food film.
Important! Such a frost lasts about a day, but then all the air will have time to completely get out of the water, and the ice will turn out to be smooth and beautiful.
Method Fourth
This option implies the creation of a saline. First you need to prepare a saline solution from a marine or conventional cook salt.
Steps to make transparent ice:
- Water poured into the container and salt is added - the necessary concentration of the solution is achieved by experimentally, since the frost conditions are different.
- Salt must completely dissolve in water.
- Next, the container is put in the freezer at temperatures -1 or -2 degree, but not lower.
- After - you should wait about ten minutes, put into the salty solution of the shape filled with water.
- Such freezing will occur around 12 hours.
Important! This method is considered the most efficient. Also, his plus is that salt water can be kept in the freezer constantly, and freeze ice as needed.
Listed methods will help you prepare crystal clear and beautiful ice for drinks, without bubbles. And he will definitely be no worse than in the coolest bars. If you have no form for ice at hand - do not worry, you can also do it yourself, at home.
We make ice shape
Ways how to cook ice without a form, very much, it all depends on your
fantasy. Here are some interesting options:
- If it is assumed that the drink will be used without mixing it in mixes or cocktails, that is, the option immediately freeze the water in the drinking dish. At the same time, note that the dishes should be resistant to temperature drops and compression from the cold. Also, its walls must be absolutely dry. For such frost, it is necessary for the amount of clean water to pour the dishes on the bottom, and put in the freezer for a day at a temperature not higher than the minus of two degrees. The supply of beverages in transparent dishes, except for the required cooling, is also very unusual.
- To get frozen water in the form of rounds, you can take plastic glasses of various sizes. Water must be pouring only to the bottom, 0.5-1 cm high, and freeze. If you pave a dyshko with plastic in half or 4 parts - you can get ice in the form of halves or quota of a circle, respectively.
- Plastic caps from bottles or metal covers - also an interesting option that can replace molds for round ice. True, you may have difficulty mining from covers.
- If the same ice is not needed, you can use the substrate from candy assorted. Choose those substrates that do not remember and do not pass. As a result, you will have interesting forms of candy.
- There is also an use option as a form of a children's designer or molds for sand. Do not forget to rinse well, degrease and disinfect any of the forms before use.
- An ordinary polyethylene package is easy to turn into a form for freezing. Just pour some water into it, tie a nodule, pour more water, tie another nodule and so that the package does not end. Of course, the freezing form in this way will not be smooth, but if you follow the rules of preparation, the transparency and no bubbles are guaranteed.
You can use any of the options you like or come up with your to make transparent ice and forms for it.
To prepare transparent and clean ice, you need quite a bit, but do not forget about additional recommendations:
- Water absorbs smells well, so when preparing note that there is no very smelling products nearby.
- Also for freezing can be used thermo. Just put in the bag in the bag, and put it in the freezer at a temperature of about minus 8 degrees. Water is frozen in the opposite way - upstairs down, and hence the air will come out of it differently. Such ice can be a bit muddy on top, but not in the middle. So - if you briefly leave the ice in a bowl at room temperature, muddy water melts.
- When using boiling, it is better to take utensils from a stainless steel. Aluminum containers will not suit this method.
- Do not pour hot water into plastic forms, and also do not put the water in the freezer. Otherwise, the form can melt, and the refrigerator flow.
- If you want to surprise guests, make fruit ice: Blender the fruit blender and add juice, sugar or syrup in them. After - burst the mass on the molds and freeze.
- When filing ice without drinks, the best option will be the use of a special bucket - a cooler.
- Take the ice more convenient to the tongs, so it does not melt ahead of time.
Loading...
