False flywheel. Characteristic features of the moss. Mushroom Mushroom Soup Recipe

The yellow-brown flywheel can be seen in coniferous and mixed forests, but grows on soils with a predominance of sand. This is a completely edible specimen. It can be eaten boiled, fried, or pickled. There are several names: marsh moss, yellow aspen, marsh, pestle, sand moss and yellow-brown oiler. Sometimes it is called yellow aspen, usually it is found either as single specimens or not large groups... Especially a lot of them grow in the north. European territory Russia. Yellow-brown flyworms are rarely wormy, because flies that feed on mushrooms do not like their very spicy and resinous taste.

Flywheels are rarely wormy.

The flywheel is a mushroom that belongs to the third category. It is used in food, harmonizes well in various dishes with other ingredients. During frying and marinating, the mushrooms darken a lot. It is not recommended to dry these plants, as they dry a lot and harden to such an extent that it is impossible to soften them later. If we talk about pickling mushrooms, then this variety, like no other, is suitable for marinade, however, the taste becomes spicy, peppery, for an amateur.

Exists different types moss.

The caps bend strongly upward during cooking, this is one of the differences from other specimens of the tubular type.

Despite the fact that this species belongs only to the third group in terms of the content of useful elements, it is not inferior to beef, it is absorbed by the human body a little worse, but it is able to replace protein in the diet of any vegetarian. It contains a large number of mineral substances, essential oils as well as various enzymes that contribute to better digestion of food.

Flywheels are a fairly heavy food, so it is not recommended to eat them in the presence of various diseases of the digestive system.

Species found in the forest

There are several types of mushrooms that can be found in any forest, coniferous or deciduous. Mushrooms are so called because they often grow on mosses, for example, in the forest, tundra, on the slopes of mountains or ravines, old stumps and trees.

A dry, slightly blue cap (with clear and very even margins) is a sign of a moss.

The yellow-brown flywheel belongs to the third category. nutritional value.

The tubular layer of the mushroom cap is usually light golden in color, its surface is sticky, especially in wet weather. When cut, the legs of the flywheels also have a bluish tint; they do not have any rings or scales. Usually they grow slightly elongated and rather thin, mushroom caps are tall. The most common varieties are:

1. Polish. Its second name is chestnut because it has a smooth chestnut hat. In wet weather, it becomes shiny and rather sticky. The diameter of these mushrooms reaches 15 cm, and the leg height is 12 cm.
2. Green, which is very similar to Polish, however, its hat has a more greenish tint or a little brown. Greens are often confused with boletus, because these representatives have brown hat... The difference between them is that boletus boletuses have thicker legs, which are covered with peculiar scales.
3. Red, unlike others, has a very bright red cap, and in adult specimens, the color becomes more brown. This variety grows not only in deciduous or coniferous forests, but also in thickets of bushes.
4. Fractured very small, its caps do not exceed 10 cm in diameter, the legs of this specimen are painted in a pink tint at the base, in yellow- closer to the hat. This species does not grow more than 10 cm in height. Has characteristic cracks on the cap (usually in summer), and in autumn period cracks usually disappear.
5. Powdered flywheel grows in more warm lands, for example, in the Ukraine or the Caucasus.

The mushroom got an interesting name due to the changeable color of the cap (from gray-yellow to dark brown).

The leg of this specimen is red-brown, covered with brown bloom in the center. If you make a cut on the surface, you can see a blue flesh, which after a while becomes almost black. Visually, this type of flywheel is similar to the Polish species, the only difference is that the color of the powdery flywheel is quite saturated.

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Flywheels are edible and inedible

Poisonous pepper mushroom is often confused with a flywheel.

Edible mosswheel

If we take into account that the yellow-brown flywheel belongs to the third category of nutritional value and does not have a special taste, this specimen does not cause much interest in experienced mushroom pickers. But still this species is conditionally edible. Those who deal with mushrooms professionally know and recommend not collecting old specimens, because spongy layers often peel off. You need to eat the caps of the flywheels. This species is often called yellow-brown oiler, because, like the flywheel, it grows in wet places forests or near peat bogs.

Inedible flywheel (false flywheel)

This mushroom is similar to a green flyworm, characterized by its small size, the diameter of its cap is no more than 5 cm. The taste and smell are very unpleasant, and there is also no characteristic blue discoloration when cut. Not a single species of flywheel possesses such characteristics, so it is simply impossible to make a mistake in the case of determining an inedible specimen. It happens that given view mushrooms are confused with similar pepper mushrooms. They have a very bitter taste that becomes more pronounced when cooked.

They have a characteristic white, off-pink or light brown color and an unpleasant taste. Knowledgeable people suggest that these mushrooms have a lot of special signs, for example, they are bitter or redden when cut, and have an unpleasant smell and taste. Another type of inedible flywheel is chestnut mushroom... He has a specific red velvety hat, which usually tends to crack in hot weather, when pressed on it, brown specks are formed. This mushroom gains bitterness, but loses it when dried. Therefore, you need to be very careful about the choice of mushrooms when collecting them in order to avoid cases when some inedible specimens of flyworms fall into the basket by accident.

The content of the article:

The flywheel is a mushroom that belongs to the Tubular genus, Boletovye family. It has a dry and velvety cap that becomes sticky in wet weather. Over time, the skin may crack. In most mushrooms, the flesh often turns blue at the cut, although it is usually white or yellow in color. The leg can be different: both smooth and wrinkled, but the ring and the Volvo are absent. The spore powder is often deep brown in color. On the territory of the post-Soviet space, 7 species of mosshogs grow, and there are 18 of them in the world. Most often they can be seen in moderate climatic zone both hemispheres.

The composition and calorie content of the flywheel

Mosswheel is classified as a first-class mushroom due to its healing properties, a large amount of macro-, microelements and vitamins. It is included in a narrow range of products that contain vitamin A.

The calorie content of the flywheel per 100 g of the product is 19 kcal, of which:

• Proteins - 2.5 g;
• Fat - 0.7 g;
• Carbohydrates - 1.3 g.

Features of the flywheel composition:

1. Nature has not deprived this mushroom with vitamins, namely A, B2, B5, B6, B9, D, K, PP, which determines its similarity to cereals.
2. The flywheel contains extractive elements, various enzymes, essential oils, ash, useful sugars and dietary fiber.
3. He contains great amount squirrel, different high degree digestibility, so it can be safely equated to meat for these characteristics.
4. Chitin is practically absent in the flywheel.
5. Doesn't take last place by the presence of molybdenum, which in turn stabilizes the thyroid gland.
6. Boiled flywheels contain large amounts of zinc and copper.

If you include a flywheel in your diet, you will not regret it, since it contains all the existing amino acids and vitamins, micro- and macroelements. And they will stimulate cell renewal and rejuvenate your body.

Useful properties of a flywheel

This mushroom is distinguished not only by its high yield, but also healing properties and an amazing composition, which has a beneficial effect on the body. It is an excellent alternative to red meat due to its impressive amount of amino acids. For this, it is highly regarded by vegetarians and fasting people.

This is what beneficial influence this mushroom has on the body:

• Natural antibiotic... Mosswheel is strong at healing many inflammatory processes, since it contains a large amount of various vitamins and such a trace element as calcium.
• Low calorie content... People on a diet really appreciate the low calorie content of this mushroom and its ability to quickly saturate the body. Therefore, the flywheels found wide application in dietetics.
• Easy assimilation by the body... Because of the content in it significant amount extractive substances (give mushrooms a peculiar taste and smell), enzymes, essential oils, mushrooms are quickly and easily digested.
• Promotes better vision... The presence of vitamins in these mushrooms, in particular vitamin B2, improves the functioning of the human visual apparatus.
• Strengthening the integumentary system... Due to the impressive amount useful vitamins and amino acids contained in flywheels, hair, skin and nails are protected.
• Sedative properties... Due to the presence of B vitamins in the flywheels nerve cells the body is renewed, which contributes to the good performance of a person.
• An excellent means for losing weight... For people suffering from obesity, this mushroom will give a positive result in terms of getting rid of excess weight... Nutritionists often recommend it to those who dream of burning unwanted calories.
• The presence of useful trace elements... The minerals contained in the flywheels, such as zinc, copper, iron, have a beneficial effect on the general condition of the body.
• Reducing the risk of developing atherosclerosis... The vitamins present in these mushrooms reduce the possibility of memory impairment and improve mental performance.
• Ridding the body of toxins... The presence of such a component as chitin in the flywheels helps to remove harmful substances from the body. These are both toxic elements and heavy metal salts. The mushroom is an excellent natural antioxidant.
• Body toning agent... Mosswheel acts as a universal means to support the body, it will help to nullify Negative influence harmful bacteria.

Considering special composition mushrooms, in particular the presence of hard-to-digest amino acids, the benefits of the flywheel, nutritionists recommend regularly introducing them into your daily menu. The meals with this product present in the diet will help not only renew the body, but also improve digestion. The substances in the flywheels will help to improve the functioning of the brain, memory and relieve fatigue.

Harm and contraindications to the use of a flywheel

If you suffer from allergic diseases or have a tendency to them, then you should be careful when choosing dishes with mushrooms for yourself, mushrooms in this case are no exception.

People who have problems with the gastrointestinal tract should beware of the regular use of mushrooms. Children should not often include mushrooms in their diet. Babies under 3 years old are strictly forbidden to eat them, they are contraindicated for them.

For lovers quiet hunting»Near highways, major events, near roads, it is necessary to remind that such a rash desire can have bad consequences. These mushrooms have the ability to accumulate harmful substances.

Some features to consider when using mushrooms:

1. Adversely affect the work of the gastrointestinal tract... Since mushrooms are still heavy food, doctors do not advise people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract to use them. If you have a desire to feast on fragrant mushrooms, grind them well during cooking.
2. Liver disease... Due to their difficult assimilation by the body, the liver spends a huge amount of energy, as a result of which its work deteriorates.
3. Individual intolerance... People prone to allergies should not get carried away with flywheels. If you have an intolerance to certain substances, as well as a tendency to indigestion, give up this delicacy.
4. ... If you have problems urinating, there are pain in the kidneys, and there is sand and blood in the urine, it is necessary to remove mushrooms from the diet.

Flywheels, like most mushrooms, cannot be attributed to the most useful and dietary products... There are reasons for this: poor digestibility, the ability to accumulate harmful substances, the ability to be confused with poisonous ones. Nutritionists recommend that adults limit the consumption of mushrooms, and children completely exclude them from the diet.

Mushroom recipes

Despite the fact that the flywheels are little-known mushrooms, they occupy a special place in cooking. Their external resemblance to boletus often misleads fans of "quiet hunting", who do not even know what kind of mushroom they are dealing with. But whoever has tasted their taste at least once will never refuse.

Flywheels are premium mushrooms and can be cooked different ways: dry, boil, marinate, fry. The first of these methods is one of the most popular. But remember the recommendation regarding their unwanted preparation with light mushrooms, since in this case the dish acquires a rich dark color and does not look aesthetically appetizing, although the taste does not deteriorate.

Here are the most interesting dishes, easy to prepare:

• Stewed mushrooms... Even the most inventive gourmets will be surprised at how easy and simple this dish is to prepare, for which you will need to boil pre-prepared mushrooms (most conveniently in a cauldron) for 2 hours and then fry them in vegetable oil. After a while, they need to be poured with water and a little sour cream (200 g). After all the water has evaporated and the sauce becomes thick, you can serve the mushrooms on the table. Bon Appetit!
• Classic soup... This first course has beneficial properties for the body and has excellent taste. This soup is nutritious and low in calories. To prepare it, you need to chop and fry in butter flywheels and put them in a saucepan, and then cover with water. Next, peel and chop the potatoes, put them in the previously prepared broth with mushrooms. Add parsley root, onions and carrots saved in butter to the soup. Do not forget to pepper to your liking and cook for another half hour until the potatoes are cooked. Before you please your loved ones with this dish, decorate it with sour cream.
• Pork with mushrooms... This recipe will come in handy for any housewife as for festive table and for everyday meals. You will need clay pots... They need to put pork ribs (1 kg), which must be thoroughly washed. Add there onion, mushrooms and put seasonings to taste, do not forget about cloves for a piquant taste. Next, close the lids and extinguish for an hour. Enjoy!
• Autumn salad... To prepare this light meal you need to boil the potatoes in their uniforms and chop, then chop the apples, pickled mushrooms and ham (150 g). Mix all of the above ingredients and add celery, parsley there and season with sauce to taste. Let it brew and you can try.
• Jellied turkey... For this exquisite dish you need to boil fresh mushrooms and fill them with water, then let this broth cool and add gelatin to thicken (2 tablespoons per 1 glass of broth). After the gelatin swells, bring the soup to a boil. Fill in this mixture the pre-prepared molds, with turkey meat and herbs at the bottom, as well as mushrooms. We put the molds in the refrigerator and wait a couple of hours. And you can delight your guests with such an interesting and delicious cold snack.
• Cheesecakes... For this hearty dish, you first need to prepare yeast dough... It will require half a liter of milk, 100 grams of butter, 2 eggs, 1 bag of dry yeast and 1 kg of flour. Mix all this, let the dough rise, put on the table, sprinkled with flour. Then divide it into small cam-sized pieces. In each part, make a depression and fill with the filling, which consists of mashed potatoes mixed with boiled mushrooms. Spread the egg over the cheesecakes and place them on a greased baking sheet. Sometimes you can pamper yourself and loved ones with such a not entirely low-calorie, but delicious dish.

These mushrooms are little known for lovers of "quiet hunting", and only true gourmets know and appreciate them for their taste and useful properties. Flywheels conceal a lot of secrets: from their habitat to cooking methods.

Most often, mushrooms can be found in conifers and deciduous forests... In addition, these mushrooms can be grown in artificial conditions - they do well in laboratories.

These mushrooms outwardly resemble boletus and boletus, but the dry surface of the cap immediately gives out a flywheel. The Volvo and the ring are missing. Please note that they do not have poisonous counterparts.

Watch the video about the flywheel:

Mokhoviks, although they are not popular and well-known among mushroom pickers, have already become favorites among real gourmets. For their useful properties and piquant taste in dishes, they are appreciated by those who have tried them once. You can do whatever you want with them: pickle, fry, boil, dry, they are compatible with almost every product, which can please the housewives. Therefore, we advise you not to pass by and pay attention to these handsome men.

Kira Stoletova

Mushroom green flywheel or any other kind is close relative boletus, which grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. Most often it is found in moss, hence the name. There are about 18 species of this mushroom, almost all of them are edible, except for some false varieties.

General description of the mushroom

What does a flywheel mushroom look like and how is it classified? This species belongs to the department Basidomycetes, the class Agaricomycetes, the order and family Boletovye, the genus Xerocomus. In another way, it is called a goat mushroom, a sitovik, a fur coat.

Per last year the classification has changed slightly. Some varieties belong to the genus Boroviki and Pseudoboletovye. Sometimes such mushrooms are called false mushrooms.

Like many edible varieties, the fruiting body consists of a cap with a hymenophore and a stem. Height reaches 3-11 cm.

Description of the fruiting body:

• Hat. Its diameter is from 4 cm to 20 cm. The surface is dry and velvety; after rain it often becomes sticky. Color from dark green to brown. In young mushrooms, the cap is convex, in old ones it becomes flat, sometimes it becomes covered with cracks. The skin does not separate from the pulp.
• The pulp is dense, the middle in some cases resembles cotton wool in consistency. The shade of the pulp is yellow, yellow-green or red, turning blue on the cut.
• The hymenophore is not lamellar, but tubular. The length of the tubules is about 2 cm. The color of the hymenophore is yellow, sometimes with green or brown tints.
• Spores of various shades of brown - from olive to dark brown.
• Leg. The shape is cylindrical, from below, thickened or narrowed, depending on the type. The surface is smooth, wrinkled, ribbed, sometimes covered with a fine black mesh. The leg is always lighter than the cap. Diameter - from 0.5 cm to 2-4 cm.

The characteristic largely depends on the type of mushroom, although they are all similar to each other. When pressed, the color of the pulp changes to blue. The tissue is damaged, as a result, a substance is released, which, upon contact with oxygen, gains blue tint... It protects the fruit body from further damage, without affecting its taste and safety in any way.

Where does the flywheel grow

Flywheels meet in different regions the world. They grow in North America, Europe and European Russia, Asia, Australia and North Africa... Each part of the world has its own species. More species grow in temperate latitudes. But there are those who love the subtropics. Green flyworm grows in alpine meadows and even in the subarctic zone.

Mushrooms grow one by one, groups are rarely formed. The most favorable soil is sandy. Collection time starts in mid-May. Lasts until mid-October. In fruitful years, a whole basket is easily harvested in a small area. Sometimes this group includes the Polish mushroom, but it belongs to a different genus.

Edible species of mushrooms

The flywheel is usually an edible mushroom. In composition, it is inferior to white or boletus, but it is also considered tasty and valuable. It is readily collected, added to soups, gravies and other dishes. Freeze or pickle for the winter. In dried form, mushrooms are rarely stored: they turn black after this type of processing.

Flywheel green

Green moss is one of the most common species growing in temperate and northern climates. The appearance changes with age. Main signs:

• The cap has a diameter of 4-11 cm. In young specimens it is semicircular, then becomes convex and cushion-shaped. The surface is pubescent, velvety, cracked in dry weather.
• The flesh of the cap is oily, has a white or cream color, after breaking it takes on a faint blue tint.
• The hymenophore in young mushrooms is sulfur-yellow, then it acquires a green or olive tint, in old fruiting bodies it becomes brown. When pressed, it turns blue slightly. The tubes are wide (this distinctive feature of this particular type), the shape is faceted or angular. In young mushrooms, the hymenophore grows together with the stem, then a notch is formed at the transition site.
• Spores are elliptical or fusiform, brown-olive.
• The leg has the shape of a cylinder narrowed towards the bottom. Height - 4-11 cm, diameter - up to 2 cm. The top layer is hard, inside the pulp resembles cotton wool.

The taste is pleasant, delicate, with fruity notes. The mushroom is suitable for any kind culinary processing, belongs to the second category. Found in coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests, oak forests. The harvesting season in Russia is from May to October.

Flushing flywheel

Flushing flywheel, or red, - rare view... It is found in ravines, on the sides of old dirt roads. The main signs are:

• The hat has a diameter of 10-14 cm. At first it is convex, then it becomes prostrate, sometimes with dents and a raised edge. The surface in young specimens is velvety, in old specimens it is scaly, with cracks. Shades - red, wine red, burgundy, brown. Hence the name - "red flywheel". The peel adheres tightly to the pulp, does not come off.
• The tubular layer of the young mushroom is golden yellow, with age, an olive tint appears. Turns blue-green when pressed. Near the stem, the tubules are denser than on the periphery.
• The pulp is dense, yellow (it has a reddish tint directly under the cap), when cut it becomes blue-green.
• The leg is cylindrical, up to 10 cm high, with a diameter of 10-15 mm. Closer to the cap, it is painted yellow, below it is brown or pink, covered with scales. The flesh of the leg is dense and solid.

The red flywheel belongs to the fourth category. Mushrooms are delicious, suitable for any kind of culinary processing. They are harvested in late summer and early autumn (August and September). By appearance this mushroom resembles a little Polish, but has more pronounced red tones in the color of the cap and legs.

Fractured flywheel

Fissured moss mushroom, or variegated, grows in any coniferous and deciduous forests. It is not found only in high mountain areas and on peat soils.

Description of the variety:

• The hat has a diameter of up to 10 cm, its color is light brown, brown, olive or gray-brown, reddish in the cracks. The edge is sometimes tinged with a purple hue. The surface is felt, with numerous cracks. The shape is cushion-shaped, the upper skin cannot be removed.
• Inner part caps are loose, light yellow, reddish just under the skin and near the stem. On the cut, it first turns blue and then turns red.
• The hymenophore in a young mushroom is yellow, turns green with age. The tubules are widened, angular, and descend to the stem. When pressed, the layer turns blue.
• The leg tapers to the bottom, the average height is 3-5 cm, the maximum is 9 cm. The thickness is 10-15 mm, the color is light yellow, olive, in the lower part it is red. If you click on the pulp, it turns blue.

The variegated or fissured flywheel is harvested from July to October. It is tasty, but old fruiting bodies quickly deteriorate. Suitable for frying, pickling, rarely dried.

Flywheel brown

Brown or chestnut moss is a widespread species that is found in mixed forests (less often in conifers). Grows next to spruce, birch, beech. Range - European part Russia, Belarus, Poland, northern Ukraine. It looks a bit like green view flywheel.

Its description:

• The hat has a size of 6-10 cm. In youth it is hemispherical, then straightens. The color is brown, brownish red, olive brown. It gets dark when it rains. It forms white bloom, which is capable of transferring to other types of mushrooms. In dry weather, the cap cracks.
• The pulp is white or creamy, does not turn blue on the cut. In young specimens it is dense, in old it becomes spongy.
• A hymenophore with large pores, the length of the tubules is about 10 mm. Color - light yellow, does not change when pressed. The consistency at the beginning of the life of the fruiting body is dense, then the tubular layer becomes soft.
• The leg is often curved, growing by 8-10 cm. Its diameter is 10-20 mm. The inner part is fibrous. From above, the leg is covered with the remains of mycelium. Color - yellow or olive, below - red-brown.

The real chestnut flywheel is harvested from June to October. It has good taste and belongs to the third category. Suitable for frying, boiling, salting, pickling.

Powdered flywheel

Powdered green mushroom mushroom grows mainly in southern regions Russia, the Caucasus, Ukraine, Far East... Prefers pine forests. V northern latitudes is rare.

Its features:

• The cap of the mushroom seems to be powdered with fine powder (especially in youth), hence the name "powdered". It is convex with a curved edge. The color is brown, olive, yellow-brown, often uneven, with spots of different shades, therefore it is often said that this flywheel is variegated. V rainy weather the hat becomes sticky and slippery.
• The inner part of the cap is dense, yellow, at the cut it becomes bright blue color, turns black over time.
• A tubular layer of bright yellow color (a distinctive feature), then it takes on a shade of olive and ocher. The pores are large, rounded-angular, the spores are olive-yellow. The hymenophore tightly grows together with the leg, partially passes over to it.
• The leg is 7-10 cm high, 10-20 mm thick, widened at the bottom. It is not characterized by a mesh; in the middle part, a dotted, reddish-brown bloom is noticeable. The color of the leg is red-brown, with a brown tint, it turns blue on the cut.

The species has common features with Polish mushroom, with an oak tree. It is harvested from mid-summer to mid-autumn.

Velvet mosswheel

The real velvet moss grows in deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. The mycelium forms a symbiosis with oak, beech, pine and spruce. Fruit bodies look like this:

• The cap is spherical at the beginning of the growing season, then becomes convex and spherical. The top layer is velvety, without cracks, becomes smooth over time. Rare cracks appear only on old fruiting bodies. The color of the cap is brown, purple-brown, over time it fades, acquires a pink tint.
• The pulp is white or with a slight yellow tinge, turns blue on the cut.
• Tubular layer with large yellow pores, spindle-shaped spores, olive-colored.
• The leg is 4-12 cm long and 5-20 mm in diameter. Inside there are thick-walled amyloid hyphae, which is hallmark species.

Mushroom picking time lasts from late August to mid-October. They differ good taste, suitable for any culinary treatment.

Swamp moss

Green marsh mushroom is sometimes called sandy or variegated butterdish. It is found in Central and Northern Europe, in the European part of Russia, in Siberia, in the Urals and in the Caucasus. Prefers pine forests. Characteristics of the species:

• The hat first has the shape of a hemisphere, then becomes pillow-like. Its diameter is 5-14 cm. The surface of small fungi is smooth, cracks in the middle of the growing season, becomes scaly, and becomes smooth again in mature fruiting bodies. The peel is difficult to separate. The color changes from gray-orange to brown-red, then turns into light ocher.
• The pulp is dense, light yellow, closer to the surface of the cap and leg becomes lemon.
• The tubules first adhere to the stem and then separate. Their length is 8-12 mm, the shade is yellow and olive yellow, when pressed, it turns blue. Spores are olive-brown or yellow, elliptical.
• The leg is 3-9 cm, thick (diameter - 2-3.5 cm), lemon shade (red-brown in the lower part).

The species prefers sandy soils, it is harvested from June to early November. Belongs to the third category, is well suited for pickling, has a low taste.

Conditionally edible mushrooms

Conditionally edible species are those that require special culinary treatment before eating. For example, they need to be boiled for a long time, draining the water several times. This is due to bitterness or mild toxicity.

Semi-golden flywheel

Semi-golden is a rare type of mushroom that is found in the Caucasus, the Far East, and some regions of Ukraine. Its signs:

• The cap is convex, becomes flat in old age, has a light yellow or golden color.
• The tubular layer is slightly darker than the cap.
• The stem is of medium thickness, yellow or reddish.

To cook, this mushroom needs to be boiled 3-4 times, constantly draining the water. It is not suitable for drying. The semi-golden flywheel belongs to the fourth category, its taste is low.

• The hat is hemispherical at first, then becomes flat, covered with fluff on top, and has a velvety surface. The color is brown-yellow, the diameter is up to 5 cm.
• The pulp is loose, tasteless and odorless.
• The hymenophore is first yellow, then olive brown. The tubules are short, grow together with the stem, the pores are wide and ribbed.
• The leg is brownish-yellow, thin, curved, tapering at the bottom. It has a brownish-yellow tint, covered with red spots.

This species is rare, grows in dry places, on sandy soils. Gathers in large groups, in places of growth false raincoats... Some experts classify it as false and consider it inedible due to its bad taste and lack of mushroom smell.

Inedible flyworms

Wood flywheel

The wood flywheel grows in North America and Europe; it is extremely rare on the territory of Russia. He lets his mycelium into old wood or sawdust. It is found in old log cabins, near destroyed wooden houses, and even in sawmills.

Type characteristic:

• The hat has the shape of a hemisphere, the diameter is 2-8 cm. The surface is smooth, reddish-brown, the skin cannot be removed.
• The inside is dense, yellowish, tasteless and odorless.
• The tubular layer passes to the stem, its shade is red-brown or rusty-brown. The pores are round or angular in shape, their length is 5-10 mm. Spores are fusiform or elliptical, yellow-olive.
• The leg is thick, 10-27 mm in diameter, 8-10 cm high, often curved, cylindrical. The color is the same as that of the cap or 1-2 tones lighter.

In appearance, this species is somewhat reminiscent of semi-golden, but has a darker color with a pronounced brown tone.

Pepper

There are other inedible representatives of false flyworms that belong to other species. For example, the pepper flywheel belongs to the genus Chalciporus, not Xerocomus. This flywheel is not poisonous, but it is not used because of its bitterness and pungent taste. V rare cases it is added to food instead of pepper. Its description:

• A hat with a diameter of 2-7 cm, the surface is smooth, the skin cannot be removed. The color is brown, yellow-brown, red-brown, more often light.

Summarizing

When in doubt as to whether an edible species has been found, it is best not to harvest it. Mushroom pickers do not recommend taking a parasitic and even semi-golden look. Better to pick green, velvet, variegated and other similar varieties. If you are not confident in yourself, it is better to ask a more experienced person to show you good mushrooms.

What is the main difference experienced mushroom picker from a beginner? An experienced collector distinguishes about a thousand different types fruiting bodies growing in forests and in its meadows climatic zone... He knows the smell of edible and deadly poisonous mushrooms... He knows the places where they can grow, and the time is favorable for them. He also knows why this is happening, as well as the fact that some fruiting bodies emit milky juice - white or orange. He does not harvest his crops along roadsides or near industrial zones. After all, mushrooms absorb all heavy metals and toxic substances... Thus, even boletus becomes hazardous to health.

Are edible and

Unfortunately, only one, but it does not guarantee that you will not pick up toadstools in your basket. This is the so-called "death bed". This is the name of the notch between the leg and the mycelium of some fly agarics and toadstools located in the ground. No smell (unpleasant for some edible species), nor the taste (neutral in some poisonous ones) will not be able to say with reliable accuracy what is in front of you. The same applies to the sign when the mushroom turns blue on the cut. A beginner collector just needs to take a catalog and remember what boletus, chanterelles, honey agarics and boletus look like, and how dangerous fiberfish, fly agarics and a whole cohort of "false" ones, imitating edible ones, look like. And even better - go to the forest a couple of times with an experienced person who will show and tell.

Why does the mushroom turn blue on the cut

Many ignorant people consider such a blue discoloration evidence of the poisonousness of the find, and therefore do not take it into their basket. And in vain! A change in color only means that an oxidation reaction occurs from contact with air. Fungal flesh can not only turn blue, but also turn green, become black, red, brown. And also start to "bleed" - the milky carrot-colored juice, which stands out at the break, scares away inexperienced mushroom pickers from the tasty mushroom.

The boletus break very quickly turns dark green. Ryzhik, which in Russia is called and in Ukraine - a trump card (for an elegant red-orange color), also, being cut, turns very blue. Boletus boletus belonging to the first category change color when the cap is pressed and on the cut of the leg. Not insured against discoloration and mushrooms of the highest category. Even in the glorious cohort of boletus there are such. For example, very tasty, found in pine forests Blue on the cut and the flywheel (another name is the swamp). In the southern part of Russia and Ukraine, in oak forests, acacia and chestnut mushrooms, excellent-tasting mushrooms grow, which also change color. They turn blue, green, black, or brown. This is a chestnut tree. And the bruise turns blue from just one touch.

Unfortunately, poisonous mushrooms also change their color. So, deadly when cut, it turns blue. It is very similar to an ordinary boletus, therefore it causes many poisonings. It can be recognized by its reddish stem and orange pores on the cap. If the bluish or dark green color on the cut scares you, touch it with your tongue: they are bitter.

Mosswheel. belongs to the genus of tubular fungi and grows from early summer to autumn in coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests singly or in small groups. The cap is hemispherical, with time it becomes convex and then flat. From above it is velvety, dark green or brown-brown, spongy layer is bright yellow. The flesh is firm, pale yellow, white in old mushrooms, turns blue at the break. Mosswheel fully justifies its name and grows, as a rule, in moss. Different forests are suitable for the flyworm, but more often he prefers to settle in conifers and, more specifically, in pine forests.

The genus Mokhovik unites 18 species that are widely found in the temperate zones of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

By nutritional value and taste mushrooms are conventionally divided into four categories.

Category 1 includes the most valuable and delicious views giving mushroom products of excellent quality (for example, white - birch, oak, pine, spruce; mushrooms - pine, spruce).

Category 2 includes good and fairly valuable mushrooms, not inferior in quality to the previous ones (aspen mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, blue and aspen milk mushrooms).

Category 4 includes such mushrooms that most mushroom pickers usually bypass, and in rare cases only individual amateurs collect them. These are such mushrooms as oyster mushrooms - common, autumn, green russula, ram mushroom, marsh oil can.

Useful properties of a flywheel

Mosswheel is a first-class edible mushroom that can be used without prior boiling for cooking hot dishes, for pickling, pickling, and drying. The whole mushroom is used - the cap and the leg.

The flywheel contains a large amount of easily digestible proteins, sugars, various enzymes and essential oils. Mushrooms are very rich in extractive substances that give them a peculiar taste and smell, as well as enzymes that contribute to better digestibility and assimilation of food.

Almost all edible mushrooms contain vitamins, B, B2,, and. Studies have shown that mushrooms are not inferior to grain products in terms of vitamin B content. Vitamin PP in them is the same as in yeast, liver, and vitamin D is not less than in butter.

To improve the digestibility and assimilation of the mushrooms, it is recommended to grind well.

It should not be forgotten that mushrooms contain easily oxidizing substances, which, when in contact with air, quickly darken and give such mushrooms an unattractive appearance. To avoid this, the processing of such mushrooms should be done as quickly as possible, trying not to allow the peeled mushrooms to stay in the air for a long time, but immediately immerse them in water. For one liter of water, be sure to add a teaspoon of salt and two grams of citric acid.

Dangerous properties of the flywheel

Like other types of mushrooms, mushrooms are considered to be a heavy food, therefore they are not advised to be consumed when chronic diseases gastrointestinal stroke.

The flywheel hat is similar to the so-called panther fly agaric, which is one of the most poisonous mushrooms. Therefore, you need to look carefully at reverse side caps - in the fly agarics it is tubular, and in the fly agaric it is lamellar.