What fish is found in the Barents Sea. Scary and exotic inhabitants of the Barents Sea (7 photos). Features National fishing in northern latitudes

The summer holidays become closer and closer in 2018. Russians are happy to spend this long-awaited time not only in the south of the country. Fishermen-lovers appreciate any opportunity to go to nature, where they are immersed in the usual and gambling process of fishing.

An excellent opportunity to realize the most bold fishing fantasies into a real rich catch is a summer fishing in the Barents Sea. It will require each participant who will get to the northern outskirts of the country ("DICER" or "organized" tourist) courage, prudency, good physical shape and thorough preparation of equipment.

Features National fishing in northern latitudes

Many arrive at the Kola Peninsula not only for the beautiful catch, but also for unique emotions that give sea fishing. Local inhabitants of the depths were forced to adapt to the harsh climate, so they are much more active, more powerful and larger river fellow. Sensor in the Barents Sea is 2 types:

1. In numerous bays, which are cut by a complex coastline, free fish is caught from the shore, from the boat, near the berths. There is one problem - it is possible to drive up to open water only on the peninsula. Middle, near the villages of fishing, distant Zelents, Terberka, Ura-lip.
2. Actually marine (paid) fishing, where only endless space, nerves, whales and birds are visible from the yacht, because they will have to retire from the shore to a distance of 5-10 km. It is recommended to rent a ship (for a day with overnight, without going ashore, for 45,000 rubles) or order a 3-day integrated tour (with a catch processing on a ship, excursions, insurance, food, a package of documents) for 66,000 rubles).

Fauna Barents (Russian) Sea

• Shark (polar and barbed);
• Halts;
• Tubat (three subspecies);
• Flounder;
• Washing;
• Sea bass;
• MINEK;
• Navaga;
• Gerbil;
• Haddock;
• Haltus (two subspecies);
• Side;
• Herring (two subspecies);
• Sayka;
• Salmon;
• Skat;
• Cod.

What tackle, bait, bait, bait used

For maritime adventures, it is necessary to stock up a large fishing assortment that consists of several items. Tackle. Rod up to 2m long, with a test 500-700g, multiplier coil with a diameter of 0.4-0.8mm and a 200-meter nylon or Dacron fishing line, stranded cords, cord with a lead core, sea echo sounders, extractors, messengers, bugs, loop Captures, cages, depths, lanterns for night fishing.

Bait serve:

• Sea worms-polychas, dung worms;
• Crabs and their meat;
• Shrimp;
• Squid;
• Mussels;
• Life;
• Fish pieces;
• The spleen of birds and animals.

The baits are prepared from crushed fish, which is placed in the feeder and falls into the water below the waterline (this method is effective only in places with a good course). They mostly consist of chopped macrites, herring, sardines and other fish, which is thrown overboard to attract shark, tuna. Widely used for catching Clabals, cod cords for pets for domestic animals.

An artificial bait (jig heads, twisters, vibrochvosts, black) should be similar to the real feed. (Provide a good help of silicone bait treated with attractants). It is important not to miss the moment to cover and dig a fish until it spits the bait. However, this standard classic fishing rule applies everywhere and always.

Video Summer Fishing in the Barents Sea:

The inhabitants of the tropics often have an unusual look and bright color. But also located in the north of Barents Sea no less rich on strange inhabitants. Fisherman from Murmansk introduces his subscribers on social networks.

Barents Sea is the outskirts of the Northern Ocean Ocean on the border with the Atlantic Ocean. Despite the harsh climatic conditions, its water is home for a variety of living beings.

There are 114 species of fish. 20 of them have fishing value: Cod, Piksha, herring, sea bass, Tubatka, Flumba, Falus, Nalim and others. In the 20th century, Kamchatka Crab was brought to the sea, which was able to adapt to new conditions and to start intensively multiply. In addition, for the bottom of the whole water area there are many different oskalkin, marine heroes and marine stars of different species.

Tubat

Tubat - the family of marine fish AnaRhichadiae detachment of perch-like, which live in the northern waters of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, where the water temperature does not rise above 14 degrees. The name of this fish was not accidental - because of a strong, strongly developed jaw with sharp, bent into teeth and protruding the fangs, as if the wolf (by the way, in France, the Tubatka is so called "Sea Wolf").

Pinagorovy fish

Pinagorovy, or circular mills, abdominal fins are modified in a peculiar suction cup located on a belly under thoracic fins. This suction cup serves them to attach to the stones during the storms or with the rapid water movement during tides and sings. (Liparidae).

BARENCEVO SEA.

Geographic position. Relief bottom.

The Barents Sea is limited from the north of Spitsbergen's archipelagoes and the lands of Franz Joseph, from the West - the island of bearish, from the east-new land, with the south of the mainland (from Cape North Cape to the Ugra Ball). In its configuration, it resembles a rhombus, whose meridial axis has 1300-1400 km, and a latitudinal 1100-1200 km.

The Square of the Barents Sea is calculated at 1360 thousand km 2. The sea is within the mainland shames and is therefore relatively shallow. The greatest depth of the sea is 548 m. This depth is in the western part of the sea, between the meridians of 20 and 21 °. As you move to the east, the depths are declining. The average depth of the sea is 199.3 m.

The Barents Sea is part of the European mainland, which in a relatively late era sank and was filled with the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. In the outlines of the bottom there are still preserved traces of river valleys. This is also proved by relatively small depths, flat, slightly saved terrain of the bottom (banks), the presence of long and wide valleys (gutters) and the geological community of island rocks with restricting this sea with mainland rocks.

The deepest chute is located between the mainland and the bear island. The depths here reach 500 m. The second gutter passes between the islands of bearish and spitsbergen. The depths are less here. The third chute is located between Svalbard and the Earth of Franz Joseph and the fourth - between the land of Franz Joseph and the new earth. In the middle of the sea is, in addition, an extensive collar with depths of about 400 m.

Shallow water is the central elevation, the elevation of Persea, Spitzbard Bank, Novoemel shallow water, Canin-Kanguyevsky Melkovodye, Murmansk Melkovodye, the banking bank is separated by gutters and depadies. Depths in shallow water do not exceed 200 m, usually ranging from 100 to 200 m. Shallow water and banks are in the Barents Sea, the main areas of fisheries.

From the rivers flowing into the Barents Sea, the most significant -. More small rivers are ,, (Motovsky Bay) ,, (Kola Bay), Indiga, Chesch and others ()

Coast and soil.

The soils of the Barents Sea are mainly not oceanic, and terrigenous origin - sands, or color sands, sandy yers. In addition, in the Barents Sea there are soils of autochthonic origin. In the western part of the Barents Sea, the soils are dense, in the southwestern part, the spiculose Il was postponed, in the southeastern part there are yellow soils - the result of the removal of rivers, in northern - brown soils containing a lot of iron and manganese.

The shores of the Barents Sea in the southwestern part of the fish type are high, steep, isolated from ancient crystalline rocks. These are the coast of Finmarken in Norway. Murmansk coast of Russia is also a fiorda type. From Cape Kanin's nose to the east of the shore, low, low.

From the bays are the largest Motovsky, Kola, from the lips - Teriberskaya, Czech with an inner, smaller indigo lip.

Hydrology.

For the Barents Sea, water exchange with the ocean is of great importance. Golfstream waters emerging from the Gulf of Mexico give rise to the warmth of the Atlantic flow, whose branches penetrate into the Norwegian and Barents Sea. On the border of the Barents Sea, south of the Medzheostrovsk bank, the Atlantic flow will disintegrate on Svalbard and Nordska branches. The spitsbergen branch, more powerful, is then sent further in the form of a deep (coated with arctic water) flow into the polar pool, where it forms a warm intermediate layer. This layer was first discovered by Nansen and was examined by papanins during their ice drift in 1937.

The water of the Nordskapskaya branch enroll in the Barents Sea between the Bear Island and Cape of Nordskap. This branch in connection with the features of the bottom relief disintegrates on 4 jets. Of particular importance are two southern jets that affect the water of the southern part of the sea. Coastal, Murmansk, branch runs along the shores of Murman, heading from Nordkapa to the Canin Peninsula. The second branch passes the north and water to reach a new land. Such a flow scheme was established by N. M. Knipovich in 1906 later, in the thirties, some additions that did not change the essence of the scheme established by N. M. Knipovich were made to this scheme of other Russian researchers.

Warm (4-12 °) and at the same time salted (34.8-35.2) atlantic water, entering the Barentsia and meeting with local coolest and less salted waters, form the so-called polar front. When meeting the water of various physical composition, the atlantic water is cooled and lowered down. Powerful vertical circulation causes abundant aeration of deep water and removal into surface layers of nutrient organic substances. As a result, biological productivity in the polar front strip turns out to be particularly high.

According to L. A. Zenkevich, Benthos biomass reaches 600-1000 g in these areas per 1 m 2, decreasing outside of these areas to 20-50 g per 1 m 2.

Barents Sea, being transitional between the Norwegian - North-Boreal and Karsky - the Arctic seas, is characterized by a corresponding temperature: in the western part, even in winter, the water temperature is positive from the surface to the bottom. In the middle of the northern half of the sea, even in the summer, only a thin surface layer is heated, and water has a negative temperature. In the southern half of the middle part at a depth of 200-250 m, water is heated in summer to 1.5-2.0 °. In the northeastern part of the sea in summer and the surface of the water temperature remains low. With the coast of Murman, the surface temperature in August, during the maximum warm-up, reaches 12 ° and even a few more. The lowest temperature in the Barents Sea at a depth of 50-75 m.

The northern and eastern part of the sea is a considerable part of the year. The south-western part does not freeze, as a result of which the Murmansk coast of winter is available for ships.

The summer border of ice usually passes along Spitsbergen - the northern tip of the new land, but in different years this line is moving north, then, on the contrary, it takes south.

Ichthyofauna. Industrial fishing

In 1921, the participant of the Northern Scientific-Fishing Expedition E. K. Suvorov, during trawling works in the Barents Sea, first marked the warming of the Barents Sea. It affected the distribution of ice and ice cover area. According to N. N. Zubov, the ice cover area decreased in 1921-1931. by 20% compared with 1901 -1906. Warming affected the distribution of aquatic organisms. Cod began to appear off the coast of the new land. For the first time, V. K. Soldatov in 1921 at 69 ° 31 'of northern latitude and 57 ° 21 ° of Eastern longitude, which is far in the east, where this fish was still not discovered, were found at 69 ° C. Soldatov. Cod was marked even in the Kara Sea. Macrolesechuk (Scomberesox Saurus) is South Fish. Previously, this fish did not enter east of Nordskap, and in 1937 it was discovered off the coast of the new land. On East Murman, the Brama Brama (Brama Rayi) was recently discovered from perch.

According to the diversity of the animal population, the Barents Sea is the richest in the European part of Russia. It occurs about 2500 species, not counting the simplest. There are 113 species of fish. The entire animal population of the Barents Sea is divided into three zogeographic groups: arctic, boreal or boreal-arctic and heat-water. The arctic group living at a temperature not higher than 2-3 ° includes some mollusks, in particular Ildi (Joldia Arctica), many oskulkin and about 20 species of fish, Navaga, Polar Kambala, some belgi, etc.

The boreal-arctic group associated with the warm current includes some mollusks, igblerine, crustaceans and most of the fishing fish - Cod, Piksha, Side, Herring, Marine Okun, Maritime Flock, etc.

The heat-flowing group includes Macrel (Mackerel), Merlang (Odontogadus Merlangus), Argentina (Argentina Silus).

According to the biological productivity of the Barents Sea is the most productive sea of \u200b\u200bthe Arctic basin. In this regard, a huge number of fish from the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean comes here.

The richests were the richest areas from the Medvezheostrovsk bank, in the strip between 35 and 40 meridians, the area of \u200b\u200bthe Nosa Kanin and the region to the West and south of the new land. These areas coincide with the lines of the Polar Front. The northern, northeast and western and west.

Of 113 species of fish living in the Barents Sea, 97 marine, 13 passing and 3 multiple (living both in fresh and in seawater). Among the sea fish is about half of the boreal-arctic, about 20 species - arctic. The remaining sea types of fish are random aliens from moderate and even tropical seas. Over 40% of all species of fish are found only in the western part of the sea. As you move to the east, the number of fish species is noticeably decreasing and in the eastern part is about 50% of the total for the Barents Sea of \u200b\u200bthe Sea.

Especially abundantly presented in the Crabans Cod (12 species), Cambalous (11 species), Pellyuga (13 species), bull (Cottidae) (10 species). Salmon in the Barents Sea pool are represented by eight types.

Fishing is used, and then not to the fullest, about 20 species of fish. These species include the following:

1. Crack (Gadus Morhua).

2. Murmanskaya herring (Clupea Harengus).

3. PIKSHA (Melanogrammus aeglefinus).

4. Sea perch: Golden (Sebastes Marinus), Cute (Sebastes Mentella), Small (Sebastes Viviparus).

5. Side (Pollachius Virens).

6. Mashava (Mallotus Villosus).

7. Inbutchs: Spotted AnaRhichas Minor, striped AnaRhichas Lupus, blue an. Latifrons.

8. Sayka (Boreogadus Saida).

9. Navaga (Eleginus Navaga).

10. Salmo Salar.

11. Golot (Salvelinus Alpinus).

12. Cambala: Pleuroneces Platessa, Fluronee Limanda, River Flasus (Limanda Limanda), Fleursus SepTentRionalis (Hippoglossoides Platessoides).

13. Halves: Beloculosus (Hippoglossus Hippoglossus) and black (reinhardtius hippoglossoides).

14. Herring Czech-Pechora (Clupea Harengus Pallasi Suworowi).

15. Glove (Ammodytis Hexapterus Marinus).

16. ACULES: Polar (Somniosus Microcephalus), barbed (Squalus Acanthias).

17. Skat Star (Raja Radiata).

The main fishing fish of the Barents Sea: Cod, herring, pike, sea bass.

For the Barents Sea, 114 species of fish are known in the composition of 41 families. As it moves to the east, within the Barents sea, the species diversity of fish will quickly decrease, and in the eastern part of the sea is barely half of the specified number. In this case, the main negative factor is a significant decrease in temperature and mainly harsh winter mode and floating ice.

Among all the fish, the Barents Sea is allocated in the number of types of cream family (12 species), cambal (11 species), belgduchny (13 species), bullish (10 species) and Sigovy (7 species). Most families are represented by one or two species. Such single species are important commercial facilities - sea bass (Sebastes Marinus) and herring (Clupea Harengus).

A little more than 20 species can be attributed to the Fishery Fishes of the Barents Sea, of which only about a dozen have the most essential value. In the first place in the fishery, Cod (Gadus Callarias), Piksha (Gadus Aeglefitius), Sea Okun and herring (Fig. 205).

Figure 205.

The value of these fish in the fishery hesitates from year to year (Table 50).

Table 50. Fishing fluctuations

Years	Cod	Haddock	Sea bass	Others
1923	74,0	22,0	0,6	3,4
1926	67,0	21,0	7,0	5,0
1930	47,5	20,7	24,2	7,6
1936	85,1	9,9	2,0	3,0
1938	56,7	37,0	3,5	2,8

From the secondary objects of the fishery, you can specify several types of tolets (Anarrhichas), Marine Cambalu (Hippoglossoides Platessoides), Falus (Hippoglossus Hippoglossus), Side (Gadus Virens) and Sharun (Somniosus Macrocephalus).

Opening H. Knipovich At the very beginning of the present century, the possibility of a large development of trawl fishing in the Barents Sea for a long time was not used in Tsarist Russia, and the fisheries on Murmann wore a purely handicraft coastal nature of the Livarnya. Only attempts to organize the trawl fleet by private industrialists were made. In Soviet times, the trawl fishery began to develop a rapid pace (Table 51).

In 1938, in the Barents Sea, the trawl fleet of the USSR, England and Germany gave about 6 million c. This should add not less than 1 million c from the coastal fishery.

Herring fishing in the Barents Sea is not yet regular, but in other years he gives our country to 1 million c.

There are in the Barents Sea and such very valuable in food, massive fish, which are still very small or still not covered by fishery, but present in the future very great opportunities. For them, among other things, small pelagic fish are: Malotus Villosus and Sayka (Boreogadus Saida), Kambala-Yersh and some others (Fig. 206).

Figure 206.

All this mass of fishing fish calculated by millions of tons requires significantly large amounts of food organisms - plankton and benthos. We have determined the total amount of each other in 200-240 million tons; In some part, this huge mass of organisms is used by fishing fishery. The main fish breeds are distributed on the nutrition mainly on different feed groups of organisms - some are powered by Plankton (herring, sea bass), other benthosomes (marine flabwood, pike), third - fish (cod) and plankton crustaceans.

Small mass pelagic fish are sometimes used by various fish and other animals, which can be seen on the sink example.

The main food of the cod is a small pelagic fish: herring, washing, young cod and pikes and a polar cod. Fish is a cod food at least 60%. In second place after the fish there are large plankton crustaceans from amphipod, Eufauzide and decapod. In the eastern part of the sea, a significant part of the nutrition is the bottom animals - crab, rack-hermit and various other larger representatives of amphipod, isopod and Kumaca, and to a lesser degree of worms and mollusks.

Piksha, in contrast to the cod, feeds on benthosomes: mollusks, worms, crustaceans and iglozzy.

The main food of herring, as we pointed out, plankton's weary crustaceans.

It remains to say a few words about the birds, as they are essential for marine organisms, mainly for plankton crustaceans and petty fish.

On the west coasts of the new land, large bird bazaars are concentrated. The main form is Kair (Uria Lomvia), the amount of which on the new land is calculated in 4 million pieces. Barents Sea's renovo-flaky waters squealing the life give abundant food of the whole mass of the bird that consumes from fish mainly washing and dies, from crustaceans - Eufauzide.

BARENCEVO SEA

The sea is within the mainland, and therefore relatively shallow water. The average depth of 229 m, the maximum - 600 m. The depth of over 400 m is only 3% of the area, and shallow water with depths up to 200 m - 48%. The bottom has a very complex relief: hill and banks alternate with underwater valleys and depressions. Baretsevo shelf is the widest in the world. It stretches from the south to the north of 700 miles.

The system of constant flows of the Barents Sea is under the influence of many factors. The main ones are the permanent flow of warm atlantic waters, water exchange with neighboring seas and a difficult terrain.

The heat-containing of the aquatic masses of the Barents Sea is determined mainly by the influx of warm atlantic waters, solar warming and heat loss in the autumn-winter period. It varies from year to year. This is due to the pulsations of the Nordskap the flow and the degree of summer warming. In the weakening of these processes, the pressure of the aquatic masses from the north is enhanced, which adversely reflects on the distribution and concentration of bottom fish in the shallow water of the southern part of the Barents Sea.

Having many features of the Arctic seas, the Barents Sea is closely connected with the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. Here the so-called Icelandic minimum and the Arctic region of high atmospheric pressure interact here. A significant impact on the climate is provided by the north-Atlantic flow and its branches. Such a geographical position determined the complexity of the climate and the hydrological regime of the Barents Sea.

The climate of the sea in comparison with other seas of the Arctic is characterized by soft winter, large amounts of precipitation and relatively high air temperatures in summer. In the coldest M, Esyacea of \u200b\u200bFebruary - February - the air temperature on average is -25 ° in the north of the sea and -5 ° in the south-west. In August - the most warm month - the average air temperature is 0 ° in the north and + 10 ° in the south-west.

In winter, the northern winds are dominated by force of 10-11 m / s, in summer the direction of the winds is inconceive, and their strength is about 2 times lower. In the Barents Sea, frequent fogs are observed, snow charges (even in June) and elevated clouds.

Coastal waters are rich in various living organisms serving food for fish. Significantly thickets of green, red and especially brown algae, among which they are allocated by Askofillaum, a number of types of Fukus and Laminaria.

As part of the ichthyofauna of the Barents Sea, there are 114 species of fish: marine, passing and occurring only in desolate spaces of rivers. They are divided into arctic, heat-arctic and heat-water. The Arctic includes - Navaga, Sayka, Blue and Spotted Inbutch, Black Haltus; to heat-arctic - cod, piksha, striped rim, blond halibut, flounder, heers, washing; To heat-water - Putassu, herring, sider, sea flabble, herself, etc.

By the number of species, the most rich families of the grain (19), cambal (9), salmon (7) and bull (12).

For the Barents Sea, tides are characteristic of both tides, the height of which is 4 m. Thanks to them in narrow bays - lips - there are strong currents. During the tide, whole flocks of fish - cods, sides, cambals, pikes and others - rushed in search of food to the shore. This is the most favorable time for fishing sports and amateur gears. Cutting at depths due to harsh conditions is little accessible.

About some fish

Cod. Among the bottom fish, the Barents Sea Cod is the main view. The northwestern coast of Norway is breeding, refills on the wide water area of \u200b\u200bthe southern part of the Barents Sea and the Medverian-Spitzbagen district.

The body of the cod, like other cracks, more or less elongated, is covered with fine cycloid scales. Feds without barns, with segic rays. Side line white. The upper jaw is very given forward. Mustache on the chin is well developed. The color is greatly varied from the dark, ash-gray to greenish-gray and red with stains of dark, gray-brown, yellow and other colors.

The approach of the cod to spawning houses usually begins in the second half of February and ends at the beginning of May. The first appears on sporsleys the largest and oldest cod. Floating caviar.

In the first years of life, the cod makes only seasonal movements in the fattening areas - coastal shallow water. At the age of 3-4 years, the cod is assembled into large shoals, and in the 4-5 years of age, it is already moving at considerable distances.

In the areas of feeding and during migrations, the cod is kept not only at the bottom, but also in the thickness of the water.

In the summer, the cod lives on banks, adhering to 200-meter food. In winter, it is usually rolled on great depths.

In the spring, a large amount of cod enters the southern part of the Barents Sea from the West and moves to the east as water warms. Here, on the banks, it feeds hard during the summer and with the onset of winter cooling begins his inverse migration to the west, to the places of spawning off the coast of Norway. Kosyaki underwater cod remains for the winter in the Barents Sea. The paths of feed migrations coincide mainly with the direction of the flows. In the spring and autumn cod makes daily vertical migration.

Grows cod quickly. Cracks should be considered for 22 years. Separate cod copies can live longer. So, in July 1945, a cod aged 24 years of 169 cm was caught in the Barents Sea, weighing 40 kg.

The basis of nutrition is washing, dying, own young and young other fish, Kambala-Ersh, lumpenus, sand and other fish. An important role in the nutrition is played by a cappision and shrimp.

Salmon. Propeliates in the rivers of the Kola Peninsula, Karelia and the coast of the Arkhangelsk region, washed by the White and Barents seas. Salmon's female digs in the pebbly soil of the nest river, postpones caviar there, which is immediately fertilized by the males, and boils the nest of pebbles. After a spawning, part of the attributable fish dies, the part overresses in the river, and after the breakdown of ice and the removal of it from the river rolled into the sea. Some individuals after feeding in the Barents, Norwegian and in the White Seas are returned to the native rivers for repeated and cryometics.

Young salmon After the otlois from caviar and exit from pebble nests, it grows and develops in the river to three to four years, after which it rolls into the sea and goes to the feces of feeding, located in the Barents and Norwegian seas.

Footing salmon in the sea continues from one to three and even more years. The size and mass of the fish river depends on the river. After a year, he went to the sea of \u200b\u200bsalmon (it is called Tinda) weighs 2-2.5 kg, after two years - 3-3.6 kg. Fish feeding in the sea for more than three years reach weights of 9-12 kg, and some copies are even 40 kg. But such giants are rare.

Sports Salves are allowed only on several rivers flowing into the Barents and White Sea. These on their number on the Kola Peninsula include Titovka, Belousiha, Vorona, Kuzreek and Kanda rivers. Fishing salmon is carried out under licenses purchased for a certain fee in the Murmansk regional society of hunters and fishermen and in Murman-fish.

Kumja. The nearest relative is salmon, no less interesting object of sports fisheries. The number of her in recent years has decreased markedly. Kumja has a living lake and passing. At a certain age, the latter rolling into the sea and feeds there, like salmon, but unlike it does not go far away, it holds near the native river. The living lake Kumzha reaches the weight of 2 kg and more, while the passage is gaining and greater weight.

There is no specialized sports sea fishing, but it can be captured in the mouths of those rivers, which are allocated for sports lots of salmon under a license issued to s-salmon.

Golot. In addition to salmon and kumi, the object of sports fisheries in the Barents Sea basin can be a passage of the Great, the most compatible form of salmon fish. The Halts breeds in the rivers of the Kola Peninsula, the North of the Arkhangelsk region, the new land, flowing into the Barents and Kara Sea, and fell into the sea before the arrival of the river to spawning. The Great reaches the weight of 2-3 kg. It is caught in the same way as salmon and kumja, in the mouths of the rivers when driving from the sea in the river for feeding.

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The Mediterranean Sea From time immemorial, the gentle waters of the Mediterranean Sea furked the military and shopping ships, on its shores people built cities and villages, and fishermen caught fish. Transparent Mediterranean water so and manitis look under its crystal waves! Not

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The planning of exit to the sea is important to emphasize once again that success in the underwater hunt is achieved, first of all, with the help of numerous knowledge and experience, improving the techniques of dives, and not advanced gear. The most fortunate are congenital

From the book of the author

Carnation in the winter of 1966/67 in the winter of 1966/67, not forgetting to prepare for the next expedition to the south, continued research on blue lakes, near Leningrad. Studied the formation and development of ice cover, heat exchange between the surface of the lakes and the atmosphere, transparency,

From the book of the author

The sands in the sea ... the state of "Chernomora" did not inspire concern. Healing scratches and bruises, obtained after the next storm bending, he was preparing for a new flight under the water. The turn of the geologists turns. Today they go to the bottom of the Blue Bay. - Get ready for immersion! -