The most ancient from the now living on the land of animals is the swords - aqueous helper from a class of measures. At the moment, there are four modern species of these arthropods. They live in shallow water of the tropical seas of Southeast Asia and the Atlantic coast of North America. Slow vehicles appeared on our planet about 450 million years ago.
Helliflowers of nonopilines originated on Earth 355-400 million years ago. They live in the quiet, Indian and Atlantic oceans at depths from 1800 to 6,500 meters. These creatures found were only in 1957.
Latimaria is the only modern genus of cisterers and in our time are considered alive fossils. Now there are only two types of Latimeri - one dwells the eastern and southern coast of Africa, and the second was first described only in 1997-1999. Near the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia.
Interestingly, at the moment, scientists do not know what a young sector of latimers looks like and where young fish live the first few years of their lives - during diving, not a single young individual was revealed. It is believed that Latimaria originated on Earth 300-400 million years ago.
The cockroaches appeared on our planet about 320 million years ago and since then they have been actively distributed - at the moment, more than 200 genera and 4500 species are known to scientists.
The remains of the cockroaches are, along with the remains of cockroaches, the most numerous traces of insects in Paleozoic sediments.
Ancient from the preserved to this day is a large predator is a crocodile. At the same time, it is considered the only surrounding type of crooks - the group, which also included a number of dinosaurs and pterosaurs. It is believed that crocodiles appeared on Earth approximately 250 million years ago.
Crocodiles are distributed in all tropical countries, upholstered in a variety of fresh reservoirs; Regarding few types of tolerant belong to salty water and are found in the coastal part of the seas (Nile crocodile, a rowed crocodile, an African narrow crocodile).
The first crocodiles lived mostly on land and only later moved to life in water. All modern crocodiles are adapted to a semi-water lifestyle - upholstered in water, eggs, however, are postponed on land.
Small crustacean classes of zabronogy ships appeared on Earth 220-230 million years ago, when dinosaurs were still inhabited on the planet. Schedule are small creatures and rarely are longer than 12 cm, nevertheless, due to the unique survival system, they managed to be preserved.
The fact is that the shield live in standing water of temporary freshwater, due to which they are delighted from natural enemies and in their niche are on top of the ecological pyramid.
Gatteria, the species of reptiles, are the only modern representative of the ancient detachment of the beakhead. They live only on several Islands of New Zealand, despite the fact that Gatteria has already been extinct in the North and South Islands.
These reptiles grow to 50 years, and the average life expectancy is 100 years. It is believed that they originated on the planet 220 million years ago, and now Gatteria are included in the Red Book of IUCN and have a security status of a vulnerable species.
NEPHILA spider Not only is considered the oldest on the planet - scientists believe that this genus originated about 165 million years ago, so besides, it is the largest spider weaving web. These spiders live in Australia, Asia, Africa, America and on Madagascar Island.
Interestingly, fishermen collect NEPHILA web, form a ball from her, which is then thrown into the water to catch fish.
Everyone in childhood loved dinosaurs, and almost everyone just adored the "Park of the Jurassic period". But not many know that almost everything tells us about dinosaurs Mass culture is not true. In this selection, we collected the most popular misconceptions about dinosaurs.
Dinosaurs were the largest creatures from ever existed on Earth 
First: not all dinosaurs were big. Of course, some of them achieved very serious sizes. But these were single species. In addition to them, there have been many less impressive dinosaurs, the size of the sheep, a dog or a chicken, for example. The smallest of the well-known science of dinosaurs and there was about 200 grams at all. Secondly: You will be surprised, but the biggest animal of everyone ever existed on Earth is our contemporary with you is a blue whale. So if you were upset that you can never see the living megalaud, you have every chance to see live much more giant.
All dinosaurs lived in the tropics 
This myth is due to the fact that the climate used to be much warmer than now. And on the basis of this, some seriously believe that almost the entire sushi then covered dense rainforests. In fact, this is, of course, not so. At the time of the existence of dinosaurs, however, as well as now, the deserts, and plains, and ordinary forests, and the jungle, of course, were already on Earth. Moreover, for those millions of years that dinosaurs went on our planet, the landscape, as well as the climate, have changed invariably. And dinosaurs successfully mastered the entire spectrum of ecosystems.
Dinosaurs were stupid creatures with a tiny brain. 
To judge the intellect of creatures, who lived 100 million years ago, from which only petrified remains were preserved, the case is extremely ungrateful. The only thing we can know more or less accurate is the size of their brain. And, of course, in all dinosaurs it was different, both in absolute value and relative to the size of the body. All the same stegosaurus, which is often ridiculed for his tiny brain, in fact possessed the brain size with walnut and weighing about 70 grams. On the other hand, our favorite four-legged friends are dogs - the brain is about the same size. Here are just the dogs weigh a maximum of 100 kilograms, it is 20 times less than weighed the stembos. But the brain of the tyrantosaurus, for example, was three times more than the dolphin brain. But relative to the sizes of the body, it approximately corresponds to the brain of modern reptiles.
Jurassic is the "golden age" of dinosaurs 
Well, firstly: the greatest diversification of dinosaurs varieties, according to statistical studies, was not in Jurassic, but in the late chalome period. And secondly: even this obvious diversity is nothing more than illusion, since it is precisely the rocks of the late Cretaceous period for today's day to be more studied than the breeds of the remaining Mesozoic era. So far, with complete confidence, it is impossible to say when dinosaurs were more.
Tyrannosaurus is the largest of the predators ever ever walked 
And again the myth to which we are fully obliged to popular culture. The Tyrannosaurus turned out to be so often mentioned that it was practically turned into the personification of the brand in general of all dinosaurs. Just with the word "dinosaur" most will present in the head or a tyrantosaurus or triceratops. So, it was a tyrantosaurus that is often called the largest and dangerous of all known science of terrestrial predators. To his danger, we will return, but for now let's talk about the size. Today it is already quite exactly known that the Tyrannozavr was not the largest land predator in history. The largest skeletons found a length of 12.3 meters. While the spinosaurus reached 16 meters long. Here are just two of these giants ever met, since the Tyrannosaurus "younger" is a competitor for more than 30 million years. And, it is natural that all these years the evolution did not stand in place, so in many ways the tyrannosaurus looks a much more perfect "car for murder" than his more ancient fellow.
Dinosaurs were a dead-end branch of evolution 
The fact that they did not build cities and did not suit the wars for resources still saying that they were a dead-end branch of evolution. Dinosaurs were perfectly integrated into the then environment. They were dominant on the planet and in essence owners not only the land, but also air, and the sea. Although objectively speaking, no marine reptiles, nor flying lizards cannot be called dinosaurs, but still, they were much big relatives than we and dolphins, for example. And yet. People evolve only two million years and already closely approached global crises and the threat of total destruction of themselves. While dinosaurs were perfectly well evolved within 135 million years and if global cataclysms not independently independent of them may continue to live to this day.
In times, when dinosaurs lived, all mammals were the size of the mouse 
No, then there were much larger representatives of the mammalian detachment. Here, however, it is worth a reservation right away: depending on what is considered a large size. Of course, if we talk about the dimensions of the mammoth, then there were no such mammals during dinosaurs, of course. In general, the average mammalian size then did not exceed the size of a modern cat. However, even then, namely about 125-122 million years ago, there were already such mammals like repovers, for example. In length, it was about 1 meter, weighed 12-14 kg and judging by the found remains, even used some small dinosaurs in food.
All dinosaurs lived only in the Equatorial region of the Earth, and the findings of their remains in moderate latitudes are explained by the movement of continents. 
And not again. Yes, for millions of years of the existence of dinosaurs, not only climate changed, but also the landscape of the Earth. But many modern finds prove that dinosaurs lived even in Antarctica. In fairness it is worth noting that in those days Australia and New Zealand were connected to Antarctic, forming one polar continent. The climate in those times, of course, was much warmer than today, but living there dinosaurs still had to adapt to harsh weather conditions. In the summer, on this continent, the sun was shining around the clock, and for five months a year reigned the polar night. It is possible that predators and herbivore dinosaurs were in these areas in the summer, and in the winter they moved to the longer edges to the north.
Dinosaurs died out as a result of a meteorite fall 
Contrary to the assurances of many people about what exactly everything was, it was only one of the versions of what happened. Scientific disputes on the topic that caused the death of dinosaurs was whether their extinction was exposed to a sudden or gradual, continue so far; There is no single point of view. It is known for certain that the extinction of dinosaurs has become only part of the so-called "great extinction", which took place at the same time. Together with dinosaurs, marine reptiles, flying lizards, many mollusks and a huge amount of fine algae were extinct. A total of 16% of marine animals and 18% of marines of land vertebrates died. According to one of the common theories, the death of dinosaurs could occur due to a relatively close to our solar system of explosion supernova. Such an event could bring a deadly shower of gamma rays on the ground, and X-ray emasculated by an explosion could intelligently intersect a part of the earth's atmosphere, forming a hot layer on an altitude of 20-80 km above the surface of the planet.
Vocyptors could develop speed up to 100 km / h 
In general, the real image of the ledge, which managed to reconstruct scientists, is extremely far from what was shown to us in the franchise "Park of the Jurassic period". This is largely due to the fact that when working on a film, the basis of the renovation of another dinosaur - Denonikh, who previously ranked to the genus of the wellouts. But even the deinonyths in the film are doubled compared to their real sizes. As for real ledges, they were closer to the birds, they had a plumage, were warm-blooded animals, 60-70 cm reached and weighed about 20 kg. At the moment there are no scientific justifications to think that the leaks were able to run very quickly, hunted by flocks (all the remains found are separate individuals) and even more so, have some kind of super-morte intelligence. All this is nothing more than fiction.
From early childhood I liked the cartoons about dinosaurs. Then I learned to read, and I had a small home library with books and coloring about dinosaurs. And all the time I wanted to understand how they lived, why extinct, and if they had relatives in our world. After all, very many existing animals are similar to dinosaurs.
Purpose of the study: Find out if there are dinosaur relatives in our time, and maybe not all dinosaurs have died out.
Task Research: Compare existing animals with different types of dinosaurs.
Hypothesis: I think that in our time there are animals - relatives of dinosaurs. For example: giraffes, rhinos, turtles, chameleons, crocodiles.
Historical information about dinosaurs.
Dinosaurs (from Greek. "Horrible Lizards") are animals belonging to the reptile class. They could be a quantity with a cat or chicken, and could achieve the size of huge whales. Some of them moved on the 4th limbs, others ran on their hind legs. Asshive predator hunters were among them, but they were harmless herbivan animals, some of them moved to life in the water. Some of them were slow, while others could move with a huge speed.
Dinosaurs appeared on our planet approximately 230 million years ago, and extinct 65 million years ago. This is one of the most amazing living beings on our planet. All dinosaurs were reptiles with scaly leather and claws on the paws. Most of them set off the eggs with a solid shell.
Comparison of dinosaurs with animals.
Some animals can be externally similar to dinosaurs, but it is not enough. There must be similar skeletons and behaviors.
At first, compared the external image and features of the behavior of the giraffe, armadire and rhino with dinosaurs.
Giraffe: Thanks to his long neck, it can embloat the leaves from the tops of the trees like a diplock.
The armadiole is covered with bone shell as ankilosaurus.
Rhino looks roughly like triceratocus. He is also a big, cargo body and horn on the nose.
So these animals are the relatives of dinosaurs? Not. And the giraffe, and armadioles, and rhino - mammals, and dinosaurs of reptiles. Therefore, we must look for among reptiles.
Comparison of dinosaurs with reptiles.
Compare a turtle, crocodile with dinosaurs.
Turtles: They survived dinosaurs and preserved and in our time. But are not relatives of dinosaurs.
Crocodiles: About 250 million years ago, a group of reptiles appeared - Arhozavra. From them originated:
- pterosaurs - Air Reptiles
- dinosaurs - land reptiles
- crocodiles are inhabitants of rivers and swamps.
So crocodiles are the closest of dinosaurs relatives who lived to our time. If you observe crocodiles - how to catch and eat production, as care for the offspring, it turns out an approximate representation of the lifestyle of dinosaurs.
Comparison of dinosaurs with birds.
Exploring birds, I discovered an amazing thing. The bones of the feet of birds are very similar in the structure of dinosaur feet dice - predators (deinonyc, compartment). Although, birds are not reptiles, but still there are several very important features of similarities:
- feet birds are covered with scales
- birds lay eggs in solid shell
Many scientists believe that it is the birds - the nearest relatives of dinosaurs: the ostrich is very similar to the strtomim, and ran quickly.
Output:
Thus, conducting research work, my hypothesis about the existence of relatives of dinosaurs in our time was confirmed. That is, the pigeons we feed in the parks may be the closest relatives of dinosaurs.
Crocodiles are also relatives of dinosaurs. They developed approximately at one time with dinosaurs.
Municipal autonomous educational institution "SOSH№7"
krasnokamensk, Transbaikal region
Project"Does the relatives of dinosaurs exist in our time?"
WithinI. Scientific and practical conference for preschoolers and younger students "I am a researcher"
in 2018.
Direction: (According to the Regulation)
View:medium-term
Participant:Anziferov Alexander 7 years, 1 "A", class
Leader:Chukmasova Svetlana Aleksandrovna (teacher beginning. Classes, compliance with the position)
krasnokamensk, 2018
I Stage - Problem Statement
Pedagogical problem
Presentation of children about relatives dinosaur.
Children's problem: Learn about dinosaur relatives
Objective adult:
formation of the ideas of children about the relatives of dinosaurs.
Children's goal:
find out if there are relatives of dinosaurs in our time.
Tasks:
introduce an ancient inhabitants of the Earth - dinosaurs;
give ideas about living conditions dinosaur;
establish the connection of living organisms in the modern world
develop the ability to receive independently and in an accessible form to fix new knowledge;
develop connected speech, memory, thinking, imagination, attention during work on project.
Hypothesis:
We assume that in our time there are animals - relatives of dinosaurs. For example, giraffes, rhinos, turtles, chameleons, crocodiles.
Research methods:
Think alone;
Ask parents and teachers;
Watch the structure of dinosaurs and animals of the modern world
To conduct an experiment;
View educational literature;
View online.
The relevance of my research is that, the knowledge gained can help us save those types of animals that are threatened in our day. Perhaps the dinosaurs will be able to tell us how to save modern land!
Visual aids
Photographic materials
Stage II - Creation of Piggy Bank
In the same TV show, I heard that the turtles were descendants of dinosaurs and decided to find out if it really lives whether other relatives of the ancient lizards live in our time. After all, very many existing animals are similar to dinosaurs.
Our study we conducted the following plan:
Historical information about dinosaurs.
Doubles (comparison of dinosaurs with some modern animals).
Comparison of dinosaurs with reptiles.
Comparison of dinosaurs with birds.
Conclusions.
Dinosaurs (from Greek. "Horrible Lizards") are animals belonging to the reptile class.
Dinosaurs appeared on our planet approximately 230 million years ago, and extinct 65 million years ago. The time when dinosaurs lived, scientists call the Mesozoic era. The remains of dinosaurs were found in the deposits of rocks of only this time.
The last of the dinosaurs were extinct when a terrible catastrophe shocked the Earth.
There is reason to believe that for the first time the remains of dinosaurs were discovered more than 2500 years ago in the Gobi desert in Central Asia. The traders brought to the ancient Greece news about the amazing and inspired by the horror of creatures. Perhaps the basis of these stories - the finds of petrified skeletons of dinosaurs protoceratops. And about 1,700 years ago, the Chinese wise people were recorded that there were huge petrified bones in the land, which, in the opinion of the ancient sages, belonged to dragons and possessed magical power. It is likely that these were dinosaur bones. But the real discovery of ancient lizards occurred only in the XIX century.
Since then, hundreds of different types of dinosaurs are open. They are found on all continents, and so far annually scientists find 10 - 15 new types of ancient lizards.
Dinosaurs have had many different means of protection and attacks. Predators allowed sharp claws and teeth into the course, while their victims often helped to survive Panciri, fast legs or simply large body sizes. One of the important means of protecting modern animals is masking. We do not know which coloring was in dinosaurs, but it is most likely that the shade of the skin and the drawing on it helped animals to merge with the surrounding nature.
Dinosaurs set off eggs, exactly as the modern turtles, crocodiles and birds. The cubs of some dinosaurs hatched out of the eggs are already quite independent, they could stand up for themselves and immediately left the nest. In other types of lizards, the offspring fed and defended his mother until the kids became quite adults to take care of themselves.
About 65 million years ago, all dinosaurs unexpectedly disappeared from the face of the Earth. Trying to explain it, scientists have advanced many theories. Today, experts agree that the disappearance of dinosaurs was caused by two shock earth by catastrophes.
In the last millions of years, the Mesozoic era on our planet occurred global changes:
The land split into continents
Volcanic eruption
Falling a huge meteorite.
All this led to cooling, bump access to solar heat. No animal survived more than 50 kilograms.
Plants died. Herbivore dinosaurs soon died of hunger, because of what predators were left without food. By the time the atmosphere was cleared, there were no dinosaurs on our planet, only some feathered types of lizards were preserved.
Comparison of dinosaurs with animals.
Some animals can be externally similar to dinosaurs, but it is not enough. There must be similar skeletons and behaviors.
At first, I compared the external image and features of the behavior of the giraffe, armadire and rhino with dinosaurs.
Giraffe: Thanks to his long neck, it can embloat the leaves from the tops of the trees like a diplock.
The armadiole is covered with bone shell as ankilosaurus.
Rhino looks roughly like triceratocus. He is also a big, cargo body and horn on the nose.
So these animals are the relatives of dinosaurs? Not. And the giraffe, and armadioles, and rhino - mammals, and dinosaurs of reptiles. Therefore, we must look for among reptiles.
Comparison of dinosaurs with reptiles.
Compared to the turtle, crocodile with dinosaurs. Modern reptiles - relatives of dinosaurs - are divided into several groups: crocodiles, caymans, lizards, turtles and snakes.
Turtles: Turtles in the form that they can be seen today, 200 million years ago appeared, when there were no man yet, and dinosaurs wandered on Earth. Archaeological remains of the turtle, the age of which is 100 million years old, are no different from modern. Among scientists there were several opinions on the progenitors of the turtles, but most converges that the ancestors of the turtles were paradiality. They survived dinosaurs and preserved and in our time.
Crocodiles: About 250 million years ago, a group of Reptiles appeared - Arhozavra. From them originated:
pterosaurs - Air Reptiles
dinosaurs - land reptiles
crocodiles are inhabitants of rivers and swamps.
Proshoy, whose name means "First Crocodile", lived about 200 million years ago. Looking at this animal, you might think that the protozoch is not so similar to the crocodile. It reached a length of 1 m and lived on land. He had a wide skull, elegantly folded body and long legs. With a crocodile, he was reigning acute teeth and "armored" spin. At about one time, Orthodoxh lived with the protozuh. This short-reaching reptile has more reminiscent of modern crocodiles. The legs of the ortozuch were shorter, and the fingers are longer than the protosulus. In the chalk period, crocodiles were large and very dangerous. Denonyih ("terrible crocodile") - the real Giant - reached 14 m, that is, there was four times longer than the average modern crocodile. He was hiding under water and caught dinosaurs and other animals came to the water.
So crocodiles are the closest of dinosaurs relatives who lived to our time. If you observe crocodiles - how to catch and eat production, as careful about the offspring, it turns out an approximate view of the lifestyle of dinosaurs. For 200 million years, they have almost changed. Therefore, studying the lifestyle of modern crocodiles, we can understand how the prehistoric crocodiles lived.
Dinosaurs and other reptiles have died out to the outcome of the Mesozoic era (65 million years ago). However, two large reptile groups survived. They exist in our time.
These include:
Crocodiles, including real crocodiles, alligators, Caymans,
Sea turtles, land and water.
Comparison of dinosaurs with birds.
In birds and dinosaurs so much in common, that some scientists are called bird dinosaurs.
Exploring birds, I found an amazing thing. The bones of the feet of the birds are very similar in the structure of dinosaur foot dice - predators. Although, birds are not reptiles, but there are some very important features of similarities:
feet birds are covered with scales
birds lay eggs in solid shell
Many scientists believe that it is birds that the nearest relatives of dinosaurs.
Archeopteryx lived 150 million years ago, in the chalk period. This unusual creation of the size of the crows combined signs and dinosaurs, and birds. With dinosaurs, the clawed front paws, toothy jaws and a long tail brought it closer. But this dinosaur has adapted feathers, the same as modern flying birds. Archeopterix deftly climbed on the branches and planned from the branch to the branch.
Output:
Thus, conducting a research project, our hypothesis about the existence of relatives of dinosaurs in our time was confirmed. That is, the pigeons we feed in the parks may be the closest relatives of dinosaurs. Crocodiles and turtles are also relatives of dinosaurs. They developed approximately at one time with dinosaurs.
Nowadays, many different reptiles live on Earth. True, many of them threaten the extinction due to the fact that people mercilessly destroy them for meat, bones and beautiful skins. Thus, the problem considered in this work will not only introduce us to the past, but also makes it possible to think about the future.
Literature
The world of dinosaurs. Moscow, Mahaon, 2011, Interactive Encyclopedia.
Large illustrated encyclopedia of dinosaurs. John Mel. Steve Parker¸ Moscow, "Mahar", 2013
Big encyclopedia of questions and answers. J. Johnson, E. Kay, K. Oliver, S. Parker and P. Rail, Moscow, Rosman, 20013
Children's illustrated encyclopedia. Moscow, Rosman, 2013 Taylor B., Smith M., Bernie D., Kent P.
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