The thyroid gland is the largest of the glands, and therefore having a big impact on human health, an endocrine organ. Here, such biologically active substances as iodized hormones are synthesized, or otherwise - yodththnic, namely: triiodothyronine (or T3) and thyroxine (T4), consisting of 3 and 4-atoms of iodine, respectively. They are responsible for the formation of functions of all tissues and organs, regulate the speed of their growth, as well as metabolism. Therefore, any deviation from the norm of the thyroid gland entails many dangerous dysfunctions. In order to identify such deviations, it is required, before which it is necessary to understand who and in what cases it is prescribed.
What substances relate to thyroid hormones
To understand this issue, you should first find out which substances produce hormones of this endocrine organ. The opinion is quite common that when analyzing blood to study the functions of the thyroid gland, T3, T4, TSH (thyrotropic hormone) and AT TPO (antibody to thyroperoxidase) are considered, which causes an erroneous equating of all to them. Of the above-mentioned thyroid hormones include only T3 and T4, directly interacting with each other. Moreover, thyroxine is produced in an amount of approximately 20 times higher than triiodothyronine, although less active approximately 5 times.
These hormones regulate the energy exchange, that is, for the rate of oxygen consumption of human tissues. That is, without them, neither the respiratory tract system, nor the blood, nor digestive or nervous and reproductive systems would not work. A thyrotropic hormone is actually a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland as a reaction to a lack of T3 and T4. Its main function - to stimulate the thyroid make more missing. When throwing into the blood, TSTH enters the thyroid, under the influence of which it can begin to synthesize more T3 and T4 or increase in size.
Attention! Anomalous increase or a decrease in TSH may indicate the lack of hormones T3 and T4, which is a consequence of the disorder of the thyroid gland. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out complete diagnosis of the thyroid gland and fulfill the instructions to bring their level to normal.
AT TPO is an antigen to the fibrous gland enzymes, which is actively produced by the immune system in response to certain disorders and eliminates the enzyme in the thyroid gland, synthesizing hormones T3 and T4. Its increased content is an indicator of high inclination to numerous dysfunctions and diseases.
To determine the functions of the thyroid gland, you need to install which tests you need to pass for this. First of all, it is necessary to check the level of TSH hormones and thyroxine, for which you can diagnose the state of the thyroid. But the most complete picture of her work will be able to give only a complete study of the above substances.
Why do you need analysis
Before carrying out the analysis of the thyroid gland, the patient should have good reason. This type of analysis will allow to assess the condition of the work of this important endocrine organ and timely diagnose the diseases of the thyroid gland, since the currently of pathologies arising because of the incorrect work of the thyroid gland are inferior only to diabetes in its prevalence. It depends on the metabolism, plastic exchange (protein synthesis, glycogenolysis, lipolysis, etc.), the work of the cardiovascular system, digestive organs and many other vital functions of the body. Therefore, blood test is a fairly frequent phenomenon in the practice of endocrinologists, therapeutors, psychiatrists, cardiologists, gynecologists, etc.
Important! The main symptoms for the passage of this type of study are:
- The presence of signs of hyper- and / or hypothyroidism (characterized by bradycardia, increased body weight, reduced memory operation);
- identification of thyrotoxicosis at the surveyed (accompanied by tremor, inexplicable weight loss with a normal level of physical activity, excessively nervousness, skin problems);
- an increase in nodes or relief of tissue tissues;
- mental deviations and delays in the physical development of the child;
- an increase in sweating and cardiac arrhythmia (increased heartbeat);
- problems with the urinary system (the absence or delay of menstruation, disruption of the menstrual cycle, infertility, interruption in the tooling of the fetus);
- problems with potency and reduced libido;
Often, the analysis of the thyroid gland is prescribed by an endocrinologist. Any deviation from the normal state of tissue tissues, their inhomogeneity, resizing is a reason for appointing such a type of analysis.
Important! In the case of changes in the thyroid gland during palpation and, according to the data of data, there should be a particularly detailed study, since such violations can serve as a signal to the development of a tumor or even thyroid cancer.
Pathology of thyroid gland
Many diseases are associated with dysfunction or disruption of the work of the thyroid gland. Conditionally classified them in the following groups:
- Resulting as a result of disruption of production;
- provoked disorders of the brain;
- caused by changes in functions performed by hormones;
Most often, among the main causes of the disorder, the thyroid gland can be called:
- Reduced or elevated iodine content in the body;
- congenital predisposition to this kind of disease;
- difficult absorption of iodine together with food due to violations in the work of the digestive system;
- due to the reduced content of iodine, or hypoteriosis, the tissue tissues grow up, which leads to the appearance of goiter;
Preparation for analysis
Attention! These prescriptions should be performed to prevent the incorrect test results:
- To eliminate the reception of any drugs, since their impacts can give false testimony, especially: iodo and aspira-containing, hormonal and steroid drugs. In addition, certain types of drugs in some way affect the production of hormones and their work.
- it is advisable not to eat at least 8 hours before the designated analysis. From drinks are allowed water in unlimited quantities, while not mineral, but boiled, room temperature. Alcoholic beverages must be excluded completely in a week!
- it is necessary to temporarily stop sports and any physical exertion, as well as avoid stress and excitement, since these factors can provoke incorrect readings in the obtained assays.
The analysis itself takes from 24 hours to 5 days, depending on the workload of the laboratory and the clinic in which you turned. Major medical centers, which have modern equipment, of course, perform a study on checking the state of the thyroid houses much faster, better, with a complete explanation of the result.
Decoding results
Interpretation of the results and diagnosis on the basis of the study should be implemented only by a qualified physician who can objectively assess the level of functioning of this important endocrine body.
Below are the norms of indicators for the main categories in the study of the thyroid gland:
- Hormone T3 shared 1.1 - 2.3 pmol / l
- Hormone T3 free 2.5 - 5.8 pmol / l
- Hormone T4 total 53 - 156 pmol / l
- Hormone T4 8.9 - 22.1 pmol / l
- AP TPO up to 5.5 ml / l
- TTG 0.4 - 4 honey / l
Important! In the interpretation of the thyroid tests, the age and sexuality of the subject is taken into account, so this is done only by a doctor who has more practices in the decision of diagnoses of diseases of the thyroid associated with the impaired work of the endocrine system.
Possible deviations
Even the most minor violations of the function of the thyroid gland may have catastrophic consequences and cause dangerous pathologies. The most common - hypoteriosis, that is, a decrease in its level of operation. The opposite disease is hypertension.
The hypoteriosis occurs in two stages:
- The first stage is a slight reduced blood content of T3 and T4, accompanied by an increased content of TSH;
- The second stage is characterized by an extremely sharp decrease in T4 and a significant increase in TG. You can diagnose this stage, only passing a detailed one;
When problems with the thyroid or suspicion of the existence of these, it is prescribed as quickly as possible to pass the necessary tests and proceed with treatment to prevent more dangerous diseases.
The thyroid gland and its hormones participate in all organs and systems of the human body. Any violation in its functioning can entail serious health problems. Analysis on the hormones of the thyroid gland is one of the ways to control its work and the diagnosis of possible pathological changes.
Hormones and their role
The main hormones are investigated:
- Triiodothironine (T3);
- Tetraiodothyronine (T4). It is also called thyroxin;
- Thyrotropic hormone (TG);
Thyroid gland produces 3 substances:
Hormones include triiodothyronine and thyroxine. It is they who help to function by the internal organ of the human body. Their composition includes iodine molecules: 3 in triiodothyronine and 4 in thyroxine.
Calcithonin produce C-cells. Their functional purpose is the exchange of calcium and the development of the bone system.
Hormones in the blood circulate in free form and associated with proteins. 99% is associated, only 0.2-0.5% accounts for free.
More active consider hormone T3. He participates in all biological effects. T4 is the source of the formation of this active substance.
The hormones of the thyroid gland are primarily responsible for the energy exchange. This process in the body is constantly, even at rest.
Thyroid analyzes on hormones imply the definition of TSH (thyrotropic hormone), although it produces its other endocrine organ - pituitary. It is generated with insufficient allocation of T3 and T4. TTG on the feedback mechanism. Next, there are 2 scenarios for the development of events:
- Iron will be more intensively synthesized hormones;
- The thyroid gland "spreads". It gradually increases the volume.
In the form of the results of blood test results, the performance of the TPO will appear.
Antibodies to thyroid peroxidase - an indicator of the aggression of the immune system in relation to its own body. Thyroid peroxidase ensures the formation of an active iodine form, which is capable of incorporating in the process of syrodification of thyroglobulin. The antibodies to the enzyme block its activity, as a result of which the secretion of thyroid hormones is reduced. However, AT-TPOs can only be "witnesses" an autoimmune process. An increase in the titer of antibodies to peroxidase is possible if the patient:
diffuse toxic goiter;
nodal goiter;
subacute thyroidit de cren;
postpartum dysfunction of the gland;
thyroiditis (hashimoto);
idiopathic hypothyroidism;
autoimmune thyroiditis;
unfortunate autoimmune diseases.
When is the analysis assign?
To date, diseases associated with incorrect work of the thyroid gland occupy second place in terms of frequency, in the first place is diabetes. The condition of the heart, vascular, sexual and hematopoietic systems depends on the proper operation of this organ.
The blood test on the hormones of the thyroid gland can be carried out on its own initiative of the patient. Popular reasons for such a solution are:
- Checking the state of the health of a couple, which decided to have a child;
- By virtue of the profession. If a person works in a place with an increased risk of chemical or radiation infection;
- Checking the condition of the gland, after the disease transferred before.
The endocrinologist disclaims the direction of blood tests to the hormones of the thyroid gland to identify deviations or adjust the course of treatment of existing diseases.
The reason for such a destination can be:
- Sharp changes in human weight;
- Difficulties with the conception of the child;
- Severe pregnancy;
- Disorders of the menstrual cycle in women;
- Delay of the physical or mental development of the child.
If the visual inspection has identified structural changes of the gland, the analysis of hormones is also assigned. Such changes can be nodedness, heterogeneity or increasing the size discovered during palpation of the corresponding site. With deviations in the results, the patient will have to undergo additional surveys to identify the cause of the violation.
To donate blood on the hormones of the thyroid gland, with the following visual symptoms:
- Tremor is the rapid and rhythmic spontaneous movements of the limbs associated with muscle contractions;
- Baldness;
- Strong sweating;
- Worsening memory;
- Skin problems;
- Tachycardia.
In some cases, tests on the hormones of the thyroid gland are the norm. Patients suffering from connecting tissue pathologies (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerodermia, red lupus) must not forget to donate blood to the hormones of the thyroid gland.
Regulations for adults
T4 in most cases remains unchanged. It is stable even if there is a benign tumor or colloidal goiter in the body. With the normal content of thyroxine in the female body, the figures in the results form must be 9-19 pmol / l. This indicator is a iodine basis for the formation of a hormone T3. The indicators of this hormone in a woman should be within 2.62-5.69 pmol / l. The norm of the hormones of the thyroid gland in women during pregnancy is significantly higher. This is due to the fact that until a certain point, the endocrine system of the mother works for two, thereby satisfying requests and kids too. Thyroid hormones: Norm in women, table below.
Decipher the responses received, naturally, there will be a doctor. You can only slightly compare the numbers with standards.
A thyrotropic hormone at a normal concentration should be 0.2-3,23m / l. Excess the indicator indicates insufficient work of the thyroid gland, low - about the too intensive secretion.
Deciphering blood test on thyroid hormones Comparison of men and women's indicators is shown below in the table.
Norms in children
The nets of the thyroid hormones differ significantly from the indicators of an adult. Analysis of thyroid hormones is rarely prescribed. It helps to diagnose deviations in the early stages and correct them.
Unlike adults, children's analysis involves checking only 2 hormones - T3 and TSH. They affect the pace of development of the kid.
So the results of analyzes on TG should be in babies 1.12-17.05 honey / l.
By the year, the amount of this hormone is less than 0.66-8.3 honey / l.
- Up to 5 years - 6.55 honey / l;
- Up to 12 years - 5.89 honey / l;
- Up to 16 years - 5.01 honey / l.
After it stabilizes at a mark - 4.15 honey / l.
It is worth noting that the level of thyrotropine depends on the time of day. It reaches its maximum at 3 am, and the lowest numbers are fixed at 5-6 pm.
Thyroid hormone tests Decoding triiodothyronine standards by age:
- Up to 10 years - 1.79-4.08 nmol / l;
- Up to 18 years - 1.23-3.23 nmol / l.
As we grow, this indicator is reduced to 1.06-3.14. At different times of the year, it is produced with different activity. In the fall and in winter more intensively, and the spring production of T3 decreases.
Preparation for the lease of biomaterial
Preparation for hormone analyzes should begin in about a month. During this period, it is necessary to refuse to receive such drugs:
- Iodine-containing;
- Hormonal;
- Steroids;
- Aspira-containing.
If compliance with this condition is impossible, it is necessary to inform the attending physician. So he can adjust the data obtained.
Preparation for analysis provides other activities:
- Not 8 hours before the delivery of the biomaterial. You can drink only boiled water. Mineral water is not recommended;
- No physical exertion on the eve of the visits to the laboratory should not be;
- Stressful situations can also distort the results of the study. Therefore, try to calm down and not nervous on the day of visiting the laboratory;
- Abandon the bad habits, such as alcohol and cigarettes at least in 24 hours. Ideally, this period is 7 days;
- During the day before handing blood, you need to abandon sexual proximity;
- For 2-3 days, it is necessary to try to protect the body from supercooling and overheating.
The specialist should notify you about the surrender of the tests on the hormones of the thyroid gland at least 2-3 days. This time cut must be spent on the preparation of your body. This can only be obtained by truthful and accurate results that show the real picture of the thyroid state.
We rent an analysis
How to pass an analysis on the thyroid hormones to a person having a predisposition to endocrine diseases? The answer is every 6 months to control your condition. All the rest will be enough to visit the laboratory 1 time in 1-1.5 years.
Delivery of blood on the hormones of the thyroid gland is made from the vein, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe elbow bend.
For accurate results, it is important not only how to hand over the analysis, but also when. The nuances of this procedure usually tells a gynecologist or an endocrinologist. On the day of blood delivery, no other medical procedures should be conducted. Distorting data can radiography, dropper and ultrasound.
Men are all easier. They have hormonal stability, so they can donate blood on any day.
Deliver analyzes on the thyroid hormones to determine the T3 and T4 of the free shape, calcitonin, TSH and AT-TG can be on any day both adults and children.
The timing of the analysis is up to 5 days.
What are the deviations say
With hyperthyroidism, there is a failure in the metabolism. Here are some symptoms:
- Weight loss;
- Heart palpitations;
- Sweating.
Hyperthyroidism are 3 species:
- Reduction of thyroid sizes and volumes of hormone produced;
- Increase its size. The body struggles with the deficit of hormones;
- Low hormone production by hypothalamus.
When analyzing the thyroid hormones, the decoding of the results can give 2 possible variants of deviations:
- Exceeding standards - thyrotoxicosis. The patient has a heat, active sweating, emotional instability, tremor limbs, unstable heartbeat. In this case, T3 and T4 significantly increase their concentration, and TSH decreases;
- Low digital data - hypothyroidism. Symptoms: weakness, loss of consciousness, depression, swelling, reduced potency in men, reducing the probability of conception in women.
If the analysis for the thyroid gland showed increased content in the blood of antibodies of AT-TPO and AT-TG, this indicates an autoimmune process.
Normal T4 at low concentration of T3 and TSH is also an alarming ratio, which shows the impossibility of hormone T4 transformed into triiodothyronine.
Increased TSH level at low T4 indicates the improper work of the pituitary. If the tong is low, and the other T-hormones are high, then the diagnosis is obvious - hyperthyroidism.
Increasing the level of T3 with a rapid decrease in TSH is observed in patients:
- With patient liver;
- With long starvation;
- In mental and emotional injuries.
Increased T4 occurs in some cases:
- With improper work of the kidneys;
- Immunodeficiency;
- Obesity;
- Thiel.
Low level of thyroxine is observed at:
- Pituitary diseases;
- Autoimmune thyroid;
- Endemic goiter.
It should be closely related to the thyroid gland, analyzes for hormones should be carried out regularly, given the frequency of diseases of this organ. The effect of the level of highlighted hormones is very important. They influence the majority of internal organs, including vital. For more accurate survey results, you need to prepare for 2-3 days. In the form of results, data is reflected not only by hormones secreted by the thyroid gland, but also others are "strategically important." Although they are produced by other organs of the endocrine system, their effect on the hormonal background of the thyroid gland is very large. All analyzes are considered not separated from each other, but in the complex. Only this is the diagnosis based on the results of this analysis.
The thyroid gland is one of the most important organs of the endocrine system. Its normal work is especially important for the health of the female organism, since the thyroid provides normal metabolism, warns problems with the destruction of bones, affects the functioning of cardiovascular and nervous systems. Also, this hormone-producing body affects the concentration in the iodine body.
Read in this article
Influence of thyroid hormones on health
This organ is located at the bottom of the neck on the front surface of the gentle tube and reminds with its shape of a butterfly. The weight of an adult gland is approximately 20 grams.
The thyroid gland produces hormones under the control of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, these thyroid hormones affect the process of supplying oxygen tissues and provide a normal speed of metabolic processes in the body. The main hormones synthesized by the thyroid gland include:
The excess synthesis of this hormone leads to weight loss and psychological problems, since the speed of all metabolic processes becomes too high.
- Triiodothironine (T3) - It is formed during separation from thyroxine of one iodine atom, its main function is to regulate the metabolic process in bone tissues. In addition, this hormone contributes to strengthening the production of vitamin A organism, which affects the vision and condition of the skin. Triiodothyronine has an active anti-seaterosclerotic effect, since it helps to reduce cholesterol.
- Tireotropic hormone (TSH) It is regulating, since it controls the functioning of the thyroid gland and is responsible for penetrating the iodine cells. TSH activates DNA biosynthesis, as well as proteins and lipids.
The functioning of all basic functions of the body depends on the hormones produced by the thyroid gland, they affect the development of intelligence, the state of immune and reproductive systems.
In general, thyroid hormones are responsible in the body for the following processes:
- metabolism in tissues of all vital organs;
- work cardiac muscle and vessel state;
- immunity level;
- frequency and depth of breathing;
- functioning of the reproductive system;
- emotional state and work of the central nervous system;
- the level of intelligence.
The lack of thyroid hormones negatively affects a childbearing function and leads to infertility and the impossibility of independent conception.
The first nervous system reacts to the dysfunction of the thyroid gland, which leads to emotional instability, nervous breakdowns, sharp mood drops. In such cases, people often refer to the help of psychologists and psychotherapists, but an experienced doctor can quickly determine that the problem is to violate the process of synthesis of thyroid hormones.
Especially acute women react to violations in the work of the thyroid gland, they are much more susceptible to diseases of this organ.
Symptoms of violations in women
Signs of thyroid dysfunction can be directly opposite, they depend on the type of pathology. The main diseases of this body include the following:
- Eutherosis. The essence of the disease lies in the growth of tissues of the thyroid gland, but the level of hormones remains normal. Externally, this is manifested in the form of increasing the lower part of the neck or appearance on it subcutaneous nodes. Such a manifestation of violations in the work of the gland is a borderline state, which at any time can lead to a change in the hormonal balance.
- Hypothyroidism - the deficiency of the thyroid hormones, the main symptoms of which is the swelling of the mucous membranes, hair loss, the fragility of the nails with the appearance of characteristic grooves, the decrease in the body temperature, the pallor of the skin under the eyes under the eyes.
At the same time, the reception of the diuretic drugs does not help reduce swelling, since with a decrease in the level of hormones, the kidney function occurs. Women complain about weight gain when complying with a low-calorie diet, neither change in the power mode nor reinforced physical exertion helps to lose weight.
- Hyperthyroidism, or thyrotoxicosis, develops with unnecessary synthesis of hormones. Symptoms of this pathology are very diverse: a sharp weight loss with a constant diet and conventional physical exertion, heat feeding and increased sweating, heart rate breakdown, hand shake, constant feeling of fatigue, sharp differences of emotional state, memory and memory concentration problems, problems from gastrointestinal -Beed tract.
In addition, the symptoms of problems with the thyroid gland are the development of autoimmune pathologies and the emergence of malignant neoplasms.
When and what you need to pass the hormones of the thyroid gland
Since the manifestations of violations in the body work is very diverse, it is very important that the attending endocrinologist correctly determined which of many possible analyzes is necessary in each specific case for the diagnosis and developing an adequate treatment regimen.
In the presence of symptoms of excessive generation of thyroid hormones, it is necessary to pass tests for the diagnosis of possible thyrotoxicosis.
Thyrotropin, or TSH
Since this hormone controls the function of the thyroid gland, the analysis of its concentration in the blood is mandatory in the diagnosis of any pathologies from the endocrine system. The endocrinologist prescribes an analysis of thyrotropin under the following patient complaints:
- general weakness of the body, reduced performance, constant feeling of fatigue;
- reducing the concentration of attention, hot temper, frequent headaches;
- permanent desire to remove the upper clothes even at low temperatures, the feeling of heat in the whole body;
- tremor limbs;
- sleep violation;
- spontaneous edema on the legs and arms, on the face, bags under the eyes.
Free T4.
This is the main analysis to determine the hormonal status, since this hormone among all other occupies a share of 90%.
Indications for assigning an analysis for free T4 are the following factors:
- violations of the level of level in TTG blood in one direction or another;
- evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment of thyroid pathologies;
- scheduled comprehensive health examination;
- scheduled survey in women's consultation when registering about pregnancy, especially if a woman used to have problems from the endocrine system;
- treatment of infertility.
Free T3.
It does not make sense to carry out an analysis of free triiodothyronine, since its results do not bear the diagnostic load, but the change in its blood concentration leads to a common hormonal imbalance. Analysis on the T3 level is appointed in the following cases:
- with comprehensive diagnosis of the functionality of the thyroid gland;
- with the diagnosis of T3-toxicosis;
- when conducting a course of replacement hormone therapy for evaluating its effectiveness;
- with a low level concentration in TTG blood.
At to tstg.
An important point of diagnosis of problems with the thyroid gland is the analysis of the relationship of autoantibodies to the Hormone receptors of TSG, since when they are bonded, the effect of exposure to the thyrotropic hormone is enhanced. Such a condition can lead to pathological changes in the gland and provoke the development of toxic goiter - autoimmune genesis.
Analysis on ATA to TTG is prescribed by an endocrinologist with the following testimony:
- suspicion of Greiva's disease and diffuse goiter;
- the need to appoint hormon-plating treatment;
- differential diagnosis with other thyroid pathologies;
- diagnosis of autoimmune diseases.
AT to thyroperoxidase
Usually, this cells do not respond to these cells, but in the case of various violations in the work of the thyroid gland, the organism begins to perceive them as foreign and actively synthesize the autoantibodies. This usually happens under the influence of the following factors:
- treatment of malignant tumors with radiation therapy or harmful working conditions associated with radiation impact;
- mechanical damage to the thyroid gland during injury;
- disorders of the concentration of iodine in the body;
- chronic inflammatory processes.
In some cases, the TPT test is assigned in the diagnosis of infertility and familiar miscarriages, during pregnancy with thyroid diseases in history.
Opinion expert
In medicine there are many types of tests for hormones of the thyroid gland, and many laboratories offer a comprehensive study. But the feasibility of such analyzes can only determine the endocrinologist on the basis of the survey results.
In addition to analyzes for hormones, a woman needs to conduct a number of other studies to determine the problems with the thyroid gland. This is primarily an ultrasound examination, general urine and blood tests, other laboratory and clinical analyzes.
See this video about the symptoms of thyroid diseases:
Decoding results: norm, disadvantage, elevated
The correct interpretation of the indicators of the concentration of hormones in the blood is the determining factor in the reliable diagnosis and purpose of the adequate scheme of hormone-plating therapy.
Opinion expert
Daria Shirochina (obstetrician gynecologist)
When deciphering the results of tests on the hormones of the thyroid gland, it is necessary to take into account that different laboratories use different reagents and techniques, so the indicators may differ.
Since the largest percentage of thyroid hormones falls on T4, first of all attention should be paid to the norm of thyroxine, it must be a concentration should be not lower than 9 and not higher than 19 pmol / l. This norm is not adjusted even in the presence of cancer and colloid zob.
Indicators of the free T4 and T3 are interrelated, since thyroxin is the main means of producing iodine, without which the T4 is not possible. The norm for T3 in the blood is values \u200b\u200bfrom 2.62 to 5.69 pmol / l.
Changes in indicators may be observed in women during the period of having a child, at this time the concentration of hormones can be somewhat increased.
If, in the results of analyzes, the indicators of free T3 and T4 are significantly lower than the norm, the diagnosis of hypothyroidism is made with a large share of the probability and appropriate therapy is assigned. It should be noted that a decrease in the concentration of free T3 always entails and decrease in T4.
If the results of the tests determine the level of level T3, and TSH and T4 remain normally, it is most likely an error occurred in laboratory studies associated with obsolete equipment.
The excess of the rate of hormones indicates hyperthyroidism arising in connection with the hyperfunction of the thyroid gland.
How to adjust the hormonal background
If the results of the hormonal background analyzes showed deviations from the norm in one direction or another, a comprehensive treatment must be appointed, which, in addition to hormone-plating therapy, may include surgery. The determination of the components of the general pattern of therapy depends on the reasons that caused the thyroid dysfunction. In general, the principles of treatment are reduced to the following:
- if the insufficient synthesis of hormones is diagnosed, preparations containing iodine are prescribed, adjust the drug treatment of associated pathologies and recommend revision of the diet;
- depending on the diagnosis and the severity of the disease, a course of drugs containing certain hormones are assigned, the composition of which can only determine the doctor an endocrinologist;
- it is recommended to normalize the lifestyle, abandon the harmful habits, revise the mode of work and recreation, avoid emotional stresses and excessive physical exertion.
Problems with thyroid gland are found in a large number of women, but all these pathologies with timely appeal to the doctor are quite easy to treat. The main condition for recovery is the exact following to all instructions of the attending physician and adherence to all recommendations for the prevention of relapses.
Useful video
On why it is important to take tests on the hormones of the thyroid gland, see this video:
Often patients who are assigned analyzes on thyroid hormones, begin to look for information about this diagnostic procedure on the Internet. And often fall on selling articles or advertising, in the name of which phrases appear "We make blood tests for all thyroid hormones: T3, T4, TSH, TPO." A specialist advertising appeals of such a plan can only cause laughter, because here it lies a gross mistake, which shows the absolute ignorance by the author of the article or slogan endocrine theme.
So what of these hormones of the thyroid gland, and which no? T3 and T4 are indeed produced by the thyroid gland, then TG, although it is directly related to the thyroid, is synthesized by a pituitary. The TPO also means "thyroid peroxidase", which is not even a hormone, but an enzyme, and if necessary, an analysis for the level of antibodies to it is surrendered. But first things first.
Thyroid hormones. These hormones take their name from the Latin title of the thyroid gland "Glandula Thyroidea". These include two iodine-containing hormones tetraiodinine (T4), more often called thyroxine, and triiodothyronine (T3). These active substances are directly involved in almost all exchange processes occurring in the human body, including energy. As you know, this process does not stop even if a person is in a state of absolute rest. In this case, energy is still spent on major vital actions, such as:
- reducing the heart muscle;
- cCTC operations;
- sweating;
- cNS activities.
The intensity of these processes lies in the plane of the work of thyroid hormones. That is, the development of other hormones by the organs of the endocrine system depends on how effectively the iodine-containing.
Tetraiodththinine (T4)
As mentioned above, its more common name Tyroxin. This iodine-containing hormone and digit "4" in its name indicates how many iodine atoms are contained in the molecule of this active substance. Virtually the entire iodine, obtained by the body, is processed by the thyroid gland during the synthesis of thyroid hormones. In fact, except for the thyroid, this trace element is almost not used by any other bodies.
Triiodothironine (T3)
The second of thyroid hormones. As can be seen from the name, its molecule contains only three iodine atoms. However, triiodothyronine activity exceeds its 4th atomic "fellow" by 1000%. And the thyroid is synthesized only the tenth of the blood circulating T3. The rest is caused by the processing by many organs of the Tyroxine organism, which is the "withdrawal" from it of one iodine atom. The released iodine subsequently falls into the thyroid, to take part in the synthesis of new hormones. It is on the "shoulders" triiodothyronine, all the functions of thyroid active substances are located.
Often in the direction on the tests on the thyroid gland or in the records about the clinical picture there are such concepts as "free T3 and T4" (in the results of the analyzes, as FT3 or FT4 may be indicated, from English free - free). This is due to the fact that for the most part in the body, thyroid hormones are presented in adhesion with special proteins. This is the so-called carrier protein, the task of which includes transportation of thyroid hormones to the destination, where they are separated and the T3 or T4 becomes free again. It is in a free state that they fulfill their functions, in the associated state, thyroid hormones are not active. That is why, when analyzing, greater informative represents the free form of the desired iodine-containing active substance. Most often, when the thyroid hormones are treated on the study, it is necessary to pass on their free variations.
Calcithonin
Calcithonin is also a thyroid hormone, but not related to thyroid. It is based on an iodine, as in a situation with iodine-containing, and calcium, and the structure of this active substance is quite complex. It produces, so-called, C-cells of the thyroid, to the word, thyroxin and triiodothyronine are synthesized by A- and B cells. This hormone is directly involved in the processing and assimilation of calcium with phosphorus in the human body. In addition, Calcitonin is one of the most important oncomarkers (that is, an indicator of the development of malignant processes). Its content is necessarily determined in the case of detecting the signs of the medullary form of the thyroid cancer, the other name is C-cell cancer. The danger of this malignant pathology lies in its increased resistance to irradiation and resistance to chemotherapy preparations. Therefore, the most faithful solution in the detection of the C-cell form of malignant neoplasm of the thyroid gland will be operational treatment - its resection. And because of how timely the disease is diagnosed, a favorable forecast after treatment is so likely.
Tireotropic hormone (TSH)
If you disassemble the name of this active substance, then it will be "necessary for the thyroid gland." The main task of TSH is stimulation of the hormonsint-sensing function of the thyroid. The hormone is synthesized and secreted. The principle of its action is as follows: TSH acts on a special type of cell that are on the outer part of the thyroid and called "receptors to TG", which leads to an increase in the production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, as well as to increasing the tissue of the thyroid gland. That is, if there is a deficiency T3 and T4, information about this reaches the pituitary. The latter begins to securely secreted into the blood of TSH, which in turn "requires" from the thyroid intensively to produce thyroxin and triiodothyronine. Thus, a hormonal balance is achieved in the body. Analysis on the concentration of this hormone is handed over with any studies of the functions of the thyroid.
Antibodies
With the diagnosis of various diseases of the thyroid gland, not only indicators of hormone content are important. Often, the condition of some antibodies in the body needs to be configured to set the correct diagnosis. Three types of such substances are related to thyroid pathologies:
- At to TPO;
- At to tg;
- AT to RTTG.
TPO is a reduction from thyroid peroxidase. This substance is a special enzyme that is directly involved in the synthesis of thyroxine and triiodothyronine. The increased content of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase is observed approximately 12% of the adult population of our planet, and representatives of the fine floor, this is almost twice as much. The increased titer of antibodies to TPO does not always mean dysfunction of the thyroid gland, but people with an increased concentration of these substances of the pathology of the thyroid show are more common, approximately 5 times. This causes the use of an analysis on antibodies to TPS as an additional study on the presence of autoimmune processes in the tissues of the thyroid gland, which are treated by Hashimoto and DTZ.
Increasing the level of this type of antibodies is not so common as the previous one. Approximately 8% of men and women are subject to this phenomenon, and this time the beautiful floor "leading" is 1.5 times. The above autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland are characterized by the increase and these antibodies, but the greatest usefulness of the antibody to the thyreoglobulin antibody has during the diagnosis and therapy of certain types of thyroid cancer, namely papillary and follicular.
AT to RTTH
Analysis on antibodies to a thyrotropic hormone receptors is most in demand with suspicion of DTZ. Moreover, its level determines the effectiveness of medicinal therapy and the possibility of cure. It is scientifically confirmed that the increased content of the AT to the RTTH indicates that drug treatment will have low efficiency and vice versa. That is why at a high concentration of antibodies to TTG receptors is the reason for the patient's assignment of the operation. But surgical treatment is not appointed only on the negative results of this analysis, the whole clinical picture as a whole is estimated for such a serious step:
- concentration of thyroid hormones;
- data on the sizes of the endocrine organ;
- the presence or absence of nodal formations;
- the dynamics of the horminate of the thyroid gland against the background of drug treatment.
It should be remembered: the study of the AT level to the RTTG is shown exclusively to patients with suspicion of DTZ, in other cases it is useless.
What tests pass in different cases
So, what needs to be remembered if the inscription "pass on the hormones of the thyroid gland appears in the direction. When appropriating laboratory studies on the hormones of the thyroid gland, you need to know which of them are necessary for the diagnosis, and which are not. Often in the direction for various reasons may be completely unnecessary in this particular case. Below are various situations and information, what studies need to be made in these cases.
When you first appeal to the endocrinologist's doctor about the detection of symptoms or simply, if you wish, check the thyroid gland is assigned a primary examination. It lies in blood delivery to the following positions:
- free thyroxine (FT4);
- free triiodothyronine (FT3);
- AT to TPO.
If the symptoms of the pathology of the thyroid gland are represented by a violation of heart rhythm, increased temperature, increased sweating, tremor of the upper extremities, "Based disease", there is a chance of a thyrotoxicotic state of the thyroid gland. In this case, a list of research primary surveys is used and an analysis is made to the level of AT to the RTTG.
When using hormonucal therapy as treatment, the dynamics of the thyroid state and its function periodically monitors. For these purposes, two indicators are determined: FT4 and TG. In most cases, research on T3 may not be made. It also applies to antibody titers, but only if they have surrendered earlier, as the indicators of these substances, practically, unchanged - earlier the analysis will also be informative. It should be remembered that on the day of delivery for free T4 and thyrotropic hormone drug used in therapy is not accepted - these are the terms of a reliable result. If the hormone therapy is applied for a long time and the dose correction is no longer needed, to determine the current clinical picture will be sufficient to take the analysis exclusively on TSH, the remaining studies will not be made.
In suspected of nodal formations in the tissues of the thyroid gland or tracking the dynamics of their development, free T3 and T4, TSH, AT to TPO and Calcithonin are surrendered. If it is necessary to determine the state of the thyroid gland during pregnancy, you need to take the same tests as on the nodes, excluding Calcithonin. When entering the child, the study is an exceptionally concentration of TSH will be non-informative - in pregnancy, the concentration of TSH is reduced by the overwhelming number of future mothers.
Its specifics has a study on the content of hormones and antibodies, in a situation after complete or partial removal of the thyroid. Such a radical extent is resorted by identifying malignant processes in the tissues of the endocrine organ. If resection was caused by the development of papillary or follicular cancer, the patient on a regular basis will be required to take tests to:
- thyroglobulin;
- At to tg.
If the cause of the resection was the medullar cancer of the thyroid, the list is as follows:
- calcitonin;
- glycoprotein.
Analyzes on the hormones of the thyroid gland are prescribed in different situations: from prevention to suspected oncological disease of the thyroid. The results of these studies give important information, thanks to which sometimes you can prevent the development of a negative health scenario. Therefore, with any suspicions of the developing pathological condition of the thyroid gland or discomfort in the area of \u200b\u200bits location, it is necessary to consult with an experienced endocrinologist, who, if necessary, will send to the surrender of the necessary analyzes.
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