The problem of environmental pollution presentation. Environmental pollution. Chemical pollution of natural waters

Environmental pollution

Pollution of water settlements. The most famous source of water pollution, which is traditionally paid to the main attention, are household wastewater. In dissolved form in wastewater, soaps, synthetic washing powders, disinfectants, bleach and other substances of household chemicals are present. From residential buildings there is a paper garbage, including toilet paper and children's diapers, waste of plant and animal food. Rain and thawed water flows from the streets in the sewer, often, with sand or salt used to speed up the melting of snow and ice on the roadway of the streets and sidewalks.

Industry. In industrialized countries, the main consumer of water and the largest source of development is the industry. Industrial effluents in the river in volume are 3 times higher than utility household. Due to the growing volume of industrial waste, the environmental equilibrium of many lakes and rivers is disturbed, although most of the effluent is non-toxic and not deadly for humans.

Agriculture. The second main consumer of water is agriculture using it for irrigation of fields. Water flowing from them is saturated with salts and soil particles, as well as residues of chemicals contributing to the increase in yield. These include insecticides; fungicides that spray over fruit gardens and crops; Herbicides, the famous means of combating weeds; and other pesticides, as well as organic and inorganic fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other chemical elements.

Soil pollution Residential homes and utility household enterprises. The pollutants of this category of sources are dominated by household garbage, food waste, construction trash, etc. All this is going and exported to the landfill. The burning of garbage in urban dumps is accompanied by the release of poisonous substances that settle on the surface of the soil and is difficult to wash off with rains.

Agriculture Pollution of soil in agriculture occurs due to the contribution of huge amounts of mineral fertilizers and pesticides. It is known that some of the keriformicates are made mercury. The desire of a person to take from the soil more and more leads to the irrational use of land, and often - and to the complete disappearance of their fertility. Excessive contribution to the soil of mineral fertilizers and chemical means of protection of plants from weeds and pests leads to its pollution. Heavy metals are accumulated in the soil (for example, mercury), radioactive substances emitted by some industrial enterprises. From the soil, these toxic substances fall into living organisms, which can cause their irreversible changes.

Air pollution The main cause of air pollution is to enter it uncharacteristic physical, chemical and biological substances, as well as the change in their natural concentration. This occurs as a result of both natural processes, as a result of human activity. Moreover, it is a person who plays an increasing role in the pollution of the atmosphere. The cause of a large part of chemical and physical contamination is the burning of hydrocarbon fuel in the production of electrical energy and during the operation of vehicle engines.

One of the most toxic gases entering the atmosphere as a result of human activity - ozone. Poaming and lead contained in car exhaust gases. Among other dangerous pollutants - carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, as well as small dust. Every year, 170 million tons of dust comes to the atmosphere, 170 million tons of dust comes to the atmosphere of human activity (in the production of electricity, cement production.

The presentation performed the student 11 A Class of Gushchikhina Victoria checked Teacher Calmykova T. S.

Pollution and environmental protection.

Geography.

Purpose: consider anthropogenic environmental pollution: causes and consequences; environmental pollution.

Tasks: Show main sources of soil pollution, hydrosphere, atmosphere. Consider three main ways to solve environmental problems. Bring to the attention of students that the solution of environmental problems can be carried out by creating an OPT network and proper environmental protection and environmental policy.

Environmental pollution

• Unwanted change in the medium as a result of anthropogenic receipts of various substances and compounds that have a harmful effect on a lithosphere, a hydrosphere, an atmosphere, a vegetable and animal world, on buildings and materials, on the person himself.

Environmental pollution

• Quantitative

• Qualitative

returns of substances and compounds that are found in nature in a natural state, but in much smaller quantities

the receipt of the unknown nature of substances and the compounds created primarily by the organic synthesis industry

Problems of pollution

Sources of pollution

Air pollution

Consequences of pollution

Pollution of hydrosphere

Ways to solve the problem

Lithosphere pollution

Air pollution.

Sources

Natural

Aerosols I.

Industry

Pollution

atmosphere

Transport

Countries - carbon emissions leaders in the Earth's atmosphere.

Emission, million tons

Share in global emission,%

Emission per capita, t

Radioactive

waste

Pollution

hydrosphere

Wastewater

Oil

Annual discharge of wastewater. (km / year)

Communal discharges

North Africa

Industrial wastewater

North America

S / x wastewater

South America

Building

Rural

farm

Industry

Pollution

lithosphere

Accumulation

household

garbage

Measures to combat the pollution of the atmosphere.

• Reducing harmful emissions.
• The introduction of new technologies, the use of solar, wind, water energy.
• Ban on the use of sulfur coal and oil.
• Ban on the use of aerosols and freon.

Measures to combat pollution of the lithosphere.

• Reducing material componence.
• Recycling.
• Recultivation of land.

Methods to combat the pollution of the hydrosphere.

• Use new cleaning methods.
• Current water supply systems.
• Low-waste and waste-free technologies.
• Use of serviceable technique for transporting petroleum products.

What is environmental pollution?
Environmental pollution damage caused by nature, environment
habitats with harmful substances, emissions, waste.
A person has to even interfere in the farm of the biosphere.
The Earth's biosphere is currently subjected to increasing anthropogenic effects. In this case, several most significant processes can be distinguished, any of which does not improve the environmental situation on
planet.

AIR POLLUTION

industry
Sources of pollution
Household boiler houses
transport

Table №1

Table №1
Industrial
process
Dust release, mln.t / year
Main coal burning.
93,600
Cast iron smelting.
20,210
Copper smelting (without cleaning).
6,230
Zinc Flap.
0,180
Oblasting tin (without cleaning).
0,004
Leading lead.
0,130
Cement production.
53,370

Chemical pollution of natural waters

Chemical pollution of natural waters
Chemical pollution - a change in the natural chemical properties of water
by increasing the content of harmful impurities as inorganic,
And organic nature.
The main inorganic pollutants are chemical compounds,
Toxic for the inhabitants of the aquatic environment. (arsenic, fluorine, copper ...)
Organic pollution. Among the soluble substances introduced into the ocean,
Organic compounds are of great importance for the inhabitants of the aqueous medium.

Table. Impact of inorganic pollution.

TABLE.
Impact of inorganic pollution.
Substances
about
Plankto
N.
Rakobo
Azny
Mollusk
and
Fish
Copper
+++
+++
+++
+++
Zinc
+
++
++
++
Lead
-
+
+
+++
Mercury
++++
+++
+++
+++
Cadmium
-
+
++
++++
Chlorine
-
+++
++
+++
Rodanid
-
++
+
++++
Cyanide
-
+++
++
++++
Fluorine
-
-
+
Sulfide
-
++
+
Degree of toxicity: - no
+ Very weak
++ Weak
+++ strong
++++ is very strong

Table. The content of organic substances in wastewater.

TABLE.
The content of organic substances in the waste
Waters
Pollutants
Substances
Number in world
stock, million tons / year
Petroleum products
26,563
Phenols
0,460
Waste productions
Synthetic fibers
5,500
Vegetable residues
0,170
Total:
33,273

The problem of pollution of the World Ocean

The problem of pollution of the World Ocean
Oil and petroleum products are the most common
pollutants in the world ocean.
Oil and petroleum products. Oil is a viscous
Oil liquid having dark brown color.
The main components of the oil - hydrocarbons are divided
On grade 4:
- Paraffins (alkenes)
- Cycloparaffins
- aromatic hydrocarbons
- olefins (alkenes)

Table.

TABLE.
Appearance
Thickness, microns
number
Oil
Almost noticeable
0,038
44
Silver
Gleble
0,076
88
Footprints
0,152
176
Bright
Painted
Divorces
0,305
352
Tusklo
Painted
1,016
1170
Dark
Painted
2,032
2310

Soil pollution.

SOIL POLLUTION.
The soil cover of the Earth is the most important component of the Earth's biosphere.
It is the soil shell that defines many processes occurring in
biosphere.
The most important value of the soil is to accumulate organic
Substances, various chemical elements, as well as energy. Soil
Pokrov performs the functions of the biological absorber, the destroyer and
Neutralizer pollution. If this link of the biosphere will be destroyed, then
The current functioning of the biosphere is irreversibly violated.

Conclusion.

Conclusion.
Nature Protection is the task of our century, the problem that has become social.
Again and again we hear about the danger threatening with the environment but
Until now, many of us consider them unpleasant, but inevitable
give birth to civilization and believe that we still have time to cope with
All revealed difficulties
However, the impact of a person on the environment has accepted threatening
Scale. So that in the root improve the position, you will need targeted and
Thoughtful actions. Responsible and effective policy in relation to
Environment will be possible only if we are accumulated reliable
Data on the current state of the environment, reasonable knowledge of interaction
important environmental factors if developing new reduction methods and
Preventing harm caused by the nature of man.

Bibliography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
1. Environmental chemistry: per. with it. / Ed. F. Corte. - M.: Mir, 1996. - 396 p.,
Il.
2. Environmental problems: What happens to who is to blame and what to do (: educational
Manual / Ed. Prof. V. I. Danilova - Danilian. (M.: Publishing house MNEPU, 1997. (332
from.
3. Needle B. Science on the Environment: How the world is arranged: in 2 tons. T. 1.2. Per. With English: Mir, 1993. - s., Il.
4. Revel P., Revel C. Wednesday of our habitat: in 4 books. Kn. 2. Pollution of water
And air: Per with English. - M.: Mir, 1995. - p., Il.

Environmental pollution

The concept of pollution

Pollution is a process of introducing a person in nature and the environmental environment by the nature of the changes that lead to extremely negative consequences.

What are the pollution?

Pollution is classified according to the main types:

Biological. This type of pollution is not associated with human activity. You can attribute extinction or on the contrary, an increase in the population of a certain type of animal or bird.

Mechanical. It can be attributed to it, for example, the progress of roads in the forests and steppes.

Chemical. Under the chemical pollution of the environment means contamination with the help of chemicals.

In addition, there are also thermal, noise and other types of pollution.

Environmental pollution includes any change:

At the same time, these changes should somehow treat a person. Animals and plants.

Anthropogenic pollution.

It is pollution of the environment, which arises as a result of the economic activity of mankind. These include:

Industry (mainly metallurgy)

Agriculture (field irrigation)

infrastructure and transport (emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere).

As the population population population varies and the percentage of pollution. If in large cities to the role of transport accounts for 80% of air pollution, then in rural areas, mainly soil under the action of developed agriculture is polluted.

Greenhouse effect

Air pollution can lead to a greenhouse effect problem. This is the process of accumulating carbon dioxide in the upper layers of the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect provokes accumulation and temperature increase. And it threatens serious consequences for the entire planet.

Water pollution

One of the serious problems is the pollution of the World Ocean. Tons of oil are thrown there every year. It form a film and isolate the flow of oxygen. As a result, many animals and fish are simply dying. In addition, water pollution reduces the level of fresh water.

Soil pollution.

Foresting of forests and landings automatically gives rise to the problem of lack of oxygen. All this adversely affects the health of a person and animal world.

The problem of pollution

Environmental pollution gets becoming increasingly distributed. This problem has already become global. Its decision shall be submitted for consideration of large international organizations, such as the UN. It is necessary to solve the global environmental pollution problem together.

Environmental pollution
Performed Teacher Geography: Ahmadiev Tatyana Vasilyevna

Purpose: prove the relevance of the problem. Tasks: Find out the main sources of environmental pollution, ways to solve the problem of environmental pollution.

Introduction:
The environmental environment serves as a condition and means of human life, the territory on which he lives, the spatial limit of public authority, a place to accommodate objects of industry, agriculture and other cultural and domestic facilities. A person affects the natural environment of his habitat not only by consuming its resources, but also changing the natural environment, adapting it to solve its practical, economic tasks. Because of this, human activity has a significant impact on the environment, exposing it to changes that then affect the person himself.

Forms of human interaction with the environment:
Economic is the consumption of nature by man, the use of nature to satisfy the person of his material and spiritual needs. Environmental is the protection of the environment in order to preserve a person as a biological and social organism and its natural habitat. Rational use of natural resources. The concept of "rational" is invested not only economic, but also to environmental content. In other words, rational is the economical, careful use of natural sources of natural raw materials, natural resources, taking into account the requirements of environmental protection.

The negative human activity in relation to the natural environment is manifested objectively in three interrelated forms:
Environmental pollution. Depletion of natural resources. Destruction of the natural environment.

Pollution.
Environmental pollution is divided into several types: dust. Gas. Chemical (including soil contamination with chemicals). Aromatic. thermal (temperature change). And many others. The source of pollution of the environment is human activity (industry, agriculture, transport).

Of all the types of pollution, you can allocate the main:
Main types of pollution Main types of pollution Main types of pollution Basic contamination types
Physical (thermal, noise, electromagnetic, light, radioactive) chemical (heavy metals, pesticides, plastics, etc. Chemicals) biological (biogenic, microbiological, genetic) information (information noise, false information, concern factors

Environmental pollution. Environmental pollution. Environmental pollution.
Basic sources of pollution. Basic harmful substances.
Atmosphere Industry Transport Heat power plants Carbon oxides, sulfur, Azotorganic compounds Industrial dust.
Hydriference Wastewater Petroleum Oil TV Transport Heavy Metalneftnefteproduks
Lithosphere Waste Industry of Isores Economy Effective Pointing Ferms Plastic Preventive Metals

The atmosphere (air medium), hydrosphere (water medium) and a lithosphere (solid surface) of the Earth are exposed to pollution.

Depletion of natural resources:
Extraction of minerals to the degree of unprofitability of further development. Excess the pace and volumes of production over the ability of the natural resumption of renewable resources. It is the ferructure of forests, fish pass, re-falling and pasture failure, non-compliance with agrotechnical measures in the processing of soil and the depletion of their fertility, pollution of watercourses and water bodies with industrial waste so that they cannot be practically used, air pollution in large cities, etc. I. etc. It happens natural. For example, the rapid reproduction of the ondatra led in some areas to the extermination of its feeds and the death of the animal; The reproduction of the mink - to the disappearance of certain types of fish - its food, etc. With the development and progress of society, the use of natural resources is growing, so the problem of preventing this process arises.

Protection of Nature
This form is a reaction to the destructive human activity in the environment. In contrast to consumption, this is a conscious form of public and state activities aimed at preserving and reproducing natural resources. Being a secondary form of interaction between society and nature, the protection of nature arises and is improved as consumption and use of the natural environment. The protection appears and is improved where there is a threat to destroying the natural environment where nature occurs and develops.

Rational use of natural resources
The concept of "rational" is invested not only economic, but also to environmental content. In other words, rational is the economical, careful use of natural sources of natural raw materials, natural resources, taking into account the requirements of environmental protection. Therefore, it is impossible to consider rational such careful, economical, efficient use of natural resources, which leaves a deep negative mark in the state of the environment. In the middle of the XX century (50-60s.) The problem of the rational use of natural resources as a form of nature conservation develops in defense, recovery of the environment of the environment. In contrast to the preceding forms, where natural objects and their resources were the direct security object, the protection of the environment, his life, his health, his genetic future, is improved here.

Rational use of natural resources:
In the middle of the XX century (50-60s.) The problem of the rational use of natural resources as a form of nature conservation develops in defense, recovery of the environment of the environment. In contrast to the preceding forms, where natural objects and their resources were the direct security object, the protection of the environment, his life, his health, his genetic future, is improved here.

Need:
Cleaning harmful emissions (for example, using filters). Use of sewage treatment facilities. Elimination of the reasons for pollution, which requires the development of low-waste, and in perspective and waste-free production technologies that allow to comprehensively use the feedstock and dispose of the maximum of substances harmful to the biosphere. Introduction to educational institutions of environmental education that formulates respect for nature.

Conclusion:
As a result, it can be said that the problem of environmental protection in all its three forms - the conservative, rational use of natural resources and the recovery of the environment of the environment - from the regional gradually turns into a national, and then the international problem, the solution of which depends on the joint efforts of the entire international community. For a global solution to the problem, it is necessary to ensure the interaction of international environmental protection associated with the implementation of international obligations and treaties, and national and regional conservation. Pollution of the natural environment Harmful waste for humans, the depletion of natural resources and the threat of destruction of environmental relations in nature steadily leads to the global crisis.

Bibliography:
Yakovyev V.N. Environmental law. K., 1998. Sheshuchenko Yu.S. Legal problems of ecology. Kiev, 1989 Petrov V.V. Ecological law of Russia, M., 1997. http://www.bestreferat.ru/referat-62209.html