Mushrooms are a popular ingredient for many culinary recipes. Their varieties there is a huge amount, and each of them differs not only externally, but also taste, aromas, useful and harmful properties. In addition, there are poisonous false copies. That is why it is important to know how to collect mushrooms properly, because it depends not only the taste of dishes, but also the life and health of a person.
But there is another very important feature of the collection of these forest gifts. In order not to harm the fungnye, it is better to know in advance how to properly do with the found instances: cut or unscrew, or just pull out with the root. Consider a question more.
What will be needed for the hike for mushrooms
This process requires preparation. You need to take with you everything you need, the success of the whole thing depends on this.
- A basket or bucket will be required. The best choice will be a yawa lukshko, which will help preserve the taste and aroma of mushrooms.
- Need a knife. It should be sharp. Mushrooms should be trimmed under the root.
- Light clothes and shoes. Equipment must be convenient not to stance movements.
- You can prepare a special wand for collecting. It must be about 1 m in length. It is convenient to clean the leaves, branches with mushrooms, as well as grip them.
Basic rules for collecting mushrooms
These tips will help avoid troubles from the use of a poisonous copy or miscellaneous actions of the mushroom.
- In no case cannot touch the unfamiliar species of representatives of the fungal kingdom, and even more so put in the basket - it can lead to misfortune, because one of the fungus or even a piece of it is often for the deadly poisoning.
- It is best to go to the hike in the early morning, then the sun's rays do not blind eyes and do not interfere to see the forest delicacy. It is even better if there will be dew on Earth, in this case the hats will be blissing.
- It is impossible to collect overgrown mushrooms. They are not only tasteless, but also capable of the body. Especially bolery. Old copies are better to leave in the forest to spread the dispute and increase the number of fungny.
- Usually mushrooms grow together, that is, "families". Therefore, you need to carefully examine the territory before you go with it.
- Inexperienced amateurs are often wondering - cut mushrooms or pull out. It depends on the view of the representative of the Mushroom Kingdom. Syrozhka, for example, you need to cut off the root for inspection for the presence of a ring-film that is in poisonous instances. But other species are usually unscrewed from the ground so that the leg is not left, otherwise it swings and spoil the fungal.
How to handle collected mushrooms
The process consists in sorting, cleaning and harvesting forest delicacies. It is allowed to store them only a few hours after collecting, and therefore it is necessary to carry out all the necessary procedures as early as possible. If this does not work, hide the harvest with hot water with salt. So he can keep freshness within 24 hours.
The collection of mushrooms is a very interesting and useful occupation, but you need to take into account many nuances and know some rules: how to cut them, how to distinguish poisonous specimens from edible, what to do after collecting, and others. We hope our tips will help you. Successful "quiet hunting"!
How to take mushrooms correctly: cut or unscrew?
This is the most "sick" question. Here - how many mushrooms, so many opinions. This is what the doctor of biological sciences L. V. Garibova writes: "Mushrooms often care: how to collect mushrooms - cut or unscrew? The answer is simple: mushrooms must be collected as more comfortable. Tubular is easier to get out, they have a dense leg, And the lamellar is to cut, as their hollow leg is very fragile and turns out if you try to unscrew it. The main thing is not to roll up the forest litter, so as not to damage the delicate thin fungny to it. The fossa formed after the mushroom was removed, it is necessary to sprinkle the earth Or a bedding. With such measures, the mushrooms will still be fruitful at this place.
What if the mushroom was Cherviv?
If, cutting a mushroom, you saw that it is worm, you can come in three ways.
First, you can not take it at all. In this case, leave the mushroom on the ground, and even turning the head "upside down", as it is sometimes doing, it is not worth it. The experienced mushrooms advise the Hat of the Cherviv Mushroom to put on a spruce branch, or thoroughly on dry, "disputes down". At the same time, the hat does not rot, but dries, the disputes ripen and dust along a significant area (you look, and several new foci of fungnye will be tuned). In addition, the mushroom will dry and in winter, at the most hungry time, can be pleased with some hare, squirrel or bird. You work - 5 seconds, and the benefit is big. If each mushroom is at least 20-30 mushrooms "throwing" for a hike, then mushrooms will become more and more.
Secondly, you can cut it into two halves along the entire length of the top of the hats until the end of the leg and see all the mushroom has been crushing. If it turns out that the hat is clean, the leg can be cut off and take only two halves of the hats.
Thirdly, you can take a worm mushroom entirely if it is not completely flaky and old. At home it must be cut and put for a few hours into strongly salty water (1-2 tablespoons of salt on a saucepan of medium sizes). After such a "bath", all the larvae will rise from the mushroom. Then the salt water should be merged, and rinse thoroughly. The disadvantage of this method is that although the larvae will be executed, their livelihoods may remain in the fungus.
How to "reliably" to distinguish a union mushroom from a poisonous?
The correct method is only one - to inspect the mushroom and determine its appearance according to characteristic features. Other reliable ways - no. However, to reduce risks, it is advisable to remember the following simple tips:
1. Never collect and do not eat those mushrooms, which at the base of the legs have a cheer-like thickening, surrounded by a shell (pale grinding, agar). ATTENTION: Collect mushrooms only with a whole leg so as not to lose sight of this important feature!
2. Never try to taste mushrooms, do not lease them. So you still can not determine anything, and the poison (even in microscopic doses) can cause tangible harm to the body.
3. If you even doubt the "edacy" of the mushroom, then it is better to throw it away.
4. Try not to collect mushrooms after a long period of dry and hot weather - they lose water in drought, they change the metabolism, which leads to the formation of unpleasant toxins, even in noble mushrooms.
5. Do not collect old, spoiled, rotten, soft, overripe mushrooms. They are disturbed by the balance of substances.
6. Do not trust the hand drawn images of mushrooms in books - as a rule, they are far from reality.
(See also the question of external toxins and radiations below.)
There are very dangerous, but unfortunately, deeply rooted misconceptions about allegedly "reliable" ways to identify poisonous fungi. They need to know, never use them and warn about the dangers of familiar and neighbors.
ATTENTION: The following ways are dangerous for life! Them can not be applied!
Confusion 1. "Poisonous mushrooms can be" calculated "with a silver spoon or bulb"
Mount of experts argue that if in a saucepan with clumsy mushrooms to put a silver spoon, then, in the presence of poisonous mushrooms, a spoon will turn the spoon, and if we put the bulb - it will take it. This is not true. This method of checking is similar to checking gas leakage by a burning match - it works until the first (and last) explosion.
Miscending 2. "Insects do not eat poisonous fungi"
I supposedly if the mushroom turned out to be thoroughly nibble snail, it says about his fitness in food. This is not true. The human body is very different from the insect organism, and what is suitable for food can be fatally dangerous for humans.
Confusion 3. "Poisonous mushrooms become edible after singing or marination"
This is absolutely not true. Pale custodia can send to that light and salty, and in pickled form.
Confusion 4. "Yad from mushrooms can be deleted if they boil several hours"
This is a dangerous error. The poisons of the majority of the mushrooms of the heat-resistant and the boiling to turn the refining in the opens cannot be.
Kira Tsekolova
Going to the forest, people should know the rules for collecting mushrooms, the shelf life of culture, appearance and taste. The harvest member comes in handy as experienced mushrooms and beginners who need to know how to collect mushrooms properly.
Basic gathering rules
Collect mushrooms in the forest is not easy, you should comply with several basic rules:
- it is forbidden to tear unknown mushrooms;
- unknown mushroom can not taste;
- before going to the forest, it is worth examining edible species;
- go to the campaign is preferably early in the morning when Rosa lies on the grass;
- the collected products are desirable to put in a special wooden basket, the pulp will be less damaged;
- it is impossible to leave far into the forest and leave children unattended;
- it is impossible to collect spoiled vegetables;
- going in groups and necessarily have a means of communication; With the onset of evening return home;
- take a first-aid kit;
- when searching for mushrooms, the leaves on the ground rise with a stick, and not with their hands: a dead animal or a poisonous plant often turns into foliage.
You should not collect fruits with obvious signs of rot and old age, since they can harm health. Houses collected vegetables immediately wash, clean, frozen or canned. Raw mushrooms are kept short. If you follow the rules for the collection of mushrooms, go to the forest will be useful and pleasant.
Necessary uniforms
The rules of collection include special accessories that take with them into the forest.
- Clothing. Depends on the season (warm, light). All parts of the human body should be closed. If you wear a short T-shirt and shorts, a person is injured about the branch, suffers from insects (mosquitoes, mites). Mosquitoes will not bring much harm, but ticks will lead to health problems.
- Footwear. It is necessary to wear light shoes on your feet. It should be closed and comfortable. In the forest you can meet not only insects, but also snakes. If the shoes are closed, it will be possible to avoid snake bite.
- Knife. The mushroom can easily cut the fruit, check the feet of the mushroom and its hat for the presence of worms.
Rules of cutting and fruit twisting
To preserve the positive qualities of the product, each mushroom should be remembered by the rules for collecting mushrooms. It all depends on the type of mushroom, its habitat and growth features. There are rules for collecting edible mushrooms by unscrewing.
- Boroviki, boosions, brezers usually have a thick leg. In order not to leave some of the legs in the ground, the fruit is twisted, gradually loosening and twisting. After pulling out the place where the culture grew is neatly poured by the land or foliage, so that a new crop will appear in this area.
- If a suspicious mushroom has met on the way, it is better to unscrew it, but put separately from others. Upon returning home, it is determined by its appearance with the help of encyclopedia or knowledgeable people.
- During the collection, it is advisable to unscrew single mushrooms. If the culture grows in groups, it is cut off.
Cutting method
The main rules for the collection of mushrooms involve knowledge of the cutting method.
- According to the rules of collection, only lamellar mushrooms are cut off: freight, rims, and waves. You will be hard to unscrew them. These varieties are fragile legs and hats.
- Cropped mushrooms that have small signs of worm, after which they are carefully examined using a knife. If concerns were confirmed, the fruit is put on fir branches to dry. Disputes will have time to ripen and operate in the nearest territories. With the same purpose, it can be chosen on the branch with a hat down. So the mushroom mark will not only increase the yield in the forest, but also provide animal food.
- Cultures that grow by groups are necessarily cut by a knife, since to unscrew each vegetable will harm the fungne.
- If the body grows from moss, apply a knife and cut it off. After time, the remaining leg rotates.
- Fruits growing on trees, it is advisable to cut off with a knife, because They have hard legs. After a short time, a new crop will appear in the same place.
The rules for collecting mushrooms states that it is prohibited to pull them out. If a person does it, he will damage the fungne, which is long and hard to recover or will not do this at all.
Season collecting
Rules for the collection of mushrooms are concluded not only in the methods of collecting, but also time (evening / day, seasonal). What are the advice beginner and experienced mushrooms?
- ryzhikov - dwell in pine forests, the use of them is possible in any form, and the collection is carried out from July to October;
- chanterelles - from July to October, food is used without preprocessing;
- love - grow by groups on the stumps, collect them in summer and autumn;
- syroezhka - familiar even children, bright and beautiful, on their cooking goes little time.
Mushroom signs
Many mushrooms before collecting pay attention to the signs and signs:
- If the garbage collectors are chosen into the forest in a leap year, then they will revenge the forest spirit.
- There is a superstition that every 2-3 years, the mushroom becomes a poisonous.
The forest needs an annual recovery, so many mushrooms change the golden places for new ones every year, and a vacation is arranged in a leisure year. The right collection is real art.
Mushroom collection in the forest
Rules for collecting mushrooms. False mushrooms
Conclusion
A person should know the grade of culture, terrain and growth features (solitary or groups) to collect a good harvest. Fruits as twisted and cut off. If a person takes care of the fungnye, then next year she will again delight rich harvest. It is better to go into environmentally friendly areas.
We all have heard that the experienced forester always takes into the forest of a knife (and also a rope and a gag, but this is a completely different story;) Because mushrooms can not be left out of the ground, but only gently cut off the bottom of the leg .
For those whom this question has been tormented for many years, those who suffer sleepless nights, again and again returning to thoughts to this riddle, I will say right away, this is a myth.
There is no need to cut the mushrooms, you can pull them out of the ground, without tormenting the remorse of conscience - it will not hurt any harm. Everything can not read further.
Caution Ahead of a boring scientific explanation!
Well, okay, the rebellion, be in yours, you made your choice. So, let's first try to disassemble where this myth legs grow.
The origin of the myth.
Try going to remember everything you know about mushrooms. Most likely, you will come to remember that most of the mushrooms known to you grow out of the ground, that they do not move, that they have an underground and above-ground part. Those who taught biology in school will be remembered by other features: they multiply disputes, they have cell walls, and as well as the lower plants there are no fabrics. Who reminds us this description first? Right - it is very similar to the description of plants and is not wonderful that the mushrooms have been considered for a long time.
And what will happen if you come to say to the blooming dandelion and pull it out of the ground? Of course, the dandelion will die, since you have extended not only his escape, but at the same time most likely pulled it out either with a part or with the root of the whole. However, there is a rather large number of plants, for example, Lily of the Lily of the Lily of the Underground Authorities, in which they are in stores a large amount of nutrients - if such a plant is cut off only escape, without damaging the underground part, then the plant will not die, and using its underground reserves forms New escape. Simply put, a new plant will grow on the site of the cut plant. It is not difficult to guess that not knowing how mushrooms are arranged in fact and mistakenly consider them a variety of plants, people moved these ideas and on them, deciding that pulling down the mushroom, they damage him "root" (whom he really does not really have) And having come to the erroneous conclusion that the new mushroom will not grow on the site of such a "eliminated" mushroom.
How really things are.
Nevertheless, despite the surface similarity of the mushrooms is not at all plants. They have another biochemical composition, other physiology, another building and most importantly, unlike plants are not able to photosynthesize (briefly for those who have forgotten what photosynthesis is a way to obtain the necessary nutrients when the plant takes carbon dioxide and water from the environment and Using solar energy, produces proteins, fats and carbohydrates necessary for its vital activity). Why did you die, the dandelion dandelion? Touching him with the root, we deprived of his ability to absorb water normally, the process of photosynthesis stopped and dandelion died. For the same reason, he died and being cut - removing his above-ground part, we deprived the root of photosynthesis products formed in the leaves and stem, and since he himself did not waste anything in the underground part, then having lost nutrients, it was not capable of forming a new Escape and died again.
So how is the mushroom really? As the plant, the mushroom really consists of an overhead and underground part, but in contrast to the plant, the above-ground part of the mushroom, called the fruit body, is needed only with one goal - to spread the dispute, i.e. Approximately for the same for what you need to say an apple apple. The "real" mushroom is located underground and is called a mushroom or a scientific mycelium. It is mycelium that represents the true body of the mushroom, the surface of which it absorbs water from the soil and the most decomposing organic substances.
But what does it change, tell me? Anyway, you need to cut the mushroom, and not to pull out? After all, pulling it away can damage mycelium, isn't it?
Not really. The fact is that mushroom mushrooms are usually huge and occupy huge squares. For example, the largest mushroom in the world covers an area of \u200b\u200b8800,000 square meters http://www.nat-geo.ru/fact/41372-gigant-iz-oregona. Therefore, even if you imagine that some kind of entrepreneurial mushroom cleaner, a certain forest along and traveled from the ground, all fruit bodies, passing a few square centimeters of the mushroom, even in this case, the hypothetical damage that the fungnye will be insignificant in comparison with her Scales, and the fungus will grow to the previous sizes faster than you read this post to the end. But if the mushroom is cut, then a piece of damaged leg remains in the ground, in which putrid bacteria will be headed, capable of penetrating the fungne and also damage some (also not very much however, as the mushrooms are big masters in terms of fighting bacteria) part of the mushroom.
As you can see, how not to twist, the procedure for cutting the fungus is completely meaningless and potentially even harmful, so the next time you go for mushrooms. Boldly flip them with your hands and do not worry \u003d)
P.S. There is a small amount of biological inaccuracies in the text. The author knows about them and asks him with cochahs for them, it is not particularly throwing \u003d) I tried to make text available to a wide range of people who do not have special knowledge in biology, so it was necessary to simplify in places.
Each experienced mushroom knows how to collect mushrooms properly, and those who are just starting to study the subtleties of the "quiet hunting", it will be useful to know how to fill their basket with fragrant gifts to forests.
The basic rules for the collection of edible forest fungi, as well as therapeutic chaga and amateur - you will learn from this article.
Features of the collection of mushrooms
At first glance it seems that it is not difficult to extract the lons of forest, the main thing is to find a suitable copy. But in fact, this process has several important nuances that should be considered.
Our advice will tell how to do it. (picture 1):
- We are part of unfamiliar specimens and do not try to taste them;
- In advance, examine photos of edible species and their twins, or go to the forest with an experienced mushroom;
- Going to the forest is better in early in the morning when there is still dew on the grass: brilliant drops, covering caps, help faster find the best copies;
- The harvest is better to lay in a wooden basket, and not in the bucket so that the pulp is accidentally damaged.
Figure 1. Recommendations for collecting In addition, try not to take old or fired specimens: with age, they accumulate toxins and can be harmful to health.
Immediately, on the arrival of home, proceed to processing, as in the raw form of the harvest is stored for a short time.
How to collect mushrooms in the forest: video
For all newcomers, the "quiet hunting" will be a useful video in which it is shown in detail how to search for certain species, how to collect them properly and how to distinguish edible specimens from inedible.
How to collect: cut or unscrew
Experienced mushrooms are constantly arguing: how to assemble the gifts of the forest, cut or unscrew. We will try to answer this question from a scientific point of view.
Figure 2. Right Collection: Twisting Popular It is believed that the leg must necessarily cut off with a sharp knife. It should be immediately noted that they cannot be broken: through an uneven cut in the wound, an infection can be hit that will destroy the fungne.
But experienced mushrooms know that for the same reason, the forest gifts are better twisted (Figure 2). Part of the legs remaining in the ground rotates and can cause the death of the mushroom. When unscrewed in the soil, only the mushroom itself remains, which next year will give a new harvest.
When collecting Chagu
Chaga is a valuable drug that can be found on trees trunks. In the dried form, the chagu is used to prepare the decoctions and the treatment of serious diseases, including oncological.
Chaug is also called birch mushroom, as it grows mainly on this variety of wood. It is possible to extract the chagu year-round, but experienced folk healers advise to be sent for prey in the spring and autumn, when it contains most of all useful substances.
The basic rules for collecting chaga such (Figure 3):
- Go to the woods for Chaga better in April or in the fall, when it contains most of all useful substances;
- It is necessary to take a ax or a large sharp knife, as it is problematic;
- Take only those specimens that grow on birch. Others do not have the necessary useful properties.
Figure 3. What does chaga look like and where to find it In addition, try to cut the chap as high as possible above the surface of the Earth and give the advantage of young trees. Chaga, growing near the Earth or on old, rotten or dry trunks, practically does not have the healing properties.
What does chaga look like and how to cut it right - look in the video.
How to collect mushroom fun
The cheerful also belongs to the healing species, but that its use will benefit, you need to know how to get it properly.
Note: Find adult fun in the forest is easy. First, it has a characteristic shape and reminds the male sexual body (for which the skeleton was called), secondly, it exudes the unpleasant smell fell (Figure 4). For therapeutic purposes, it is better to take the fun in the stage of the egg: when the hat has already been formed, but it has not yet been frightened. Young specimens who have just begun to be formed are not used in medicine, but they are perfectly fitted.
Figure 4. Medical Messel Cut the welter is much more careful than other types. It is better to cut it up so as not to damage and not sweep the soil, since the slightest violation of the integrity of the soil cover will lead to the fact that the fun will no longer grow at this place.
More information about the fun and the features of her collection can be found in the video.
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