Inedible double. Learning to distinguish edible mushrooms and inedible twins. Dangerous mushrooms Doubles

"False" is called poisonous mushrooms, which look very similar to edible counterparts. Dangerous "twins" is sometimes difficult to distinguish even experienced mushrooms.

An ordinary champignon has many species, and most of them are eaten. Features of each remember very difficult, so lovers of "quiet hunting" are often focused on common signs. This can provoke poisoning: among the agricultural families (champignon) are harmful to human health.

Industrial cultivation allows you to enjoy the taste of a product without harm to health, but the number of poisoning with false champignons, which are "masked" under edible copies, does not become less. People attract a quiet hunting and the opportunity to save on the acquisition of mushrooms. In addition, each individual species has its own flavor: you will not find it in a standard product from the shop shelves.

Most often, such representatives of the Agaric family are accepted for the sedobic specimens:

• Agaricus Xanthodermus.
• Agaricus Meleagris.
• Agaricus Californicus.

Typical examples of false champignons are represented in the photo.

Distinguish from edible such copies will help a number of features. On a heap of a poisonous twin, there is a spray brown, which is located in the center. If it is pressed, light yellow spots will appear. But this method does not give warranty, so it is better to use it in a tandem with other signs.

When the flesh, the flesh of false forest and field champignons begins to yellow and unpleasantly smelling carbolic acid, and during cooking water and the mushrooms themselves become bright yellow, but this color quickly disappears. Long thermal processing will not be able to save the product from toxins.

Take a look at the photo and learn the appearance of the appearance of false forest champignons.

The color of the Hats and its form may change under the influence of the environment, so special attention is paid to the flesh, its smell, shade and change during cooking.

Another mushroom that is disguised as edible - pale custodia. Outwardly, it resembles champignon, while there is no smell, according to which it could be found. The base of the leaf has a volley (root bags), but people do not always notice them. If there are the slightest doubts about the suitability of the fungus, it is worth breaking the flesh and see if it will not boost, and after checking the change in the color of water during cooking. This is one of the most accurate and proven ways to distinguish real edible champignons from false.

You can only confuse the "young" pale custody: over time, there will be bulges on her hat, it will become a smooth, and fringe - sagging. The leafing appears from the first half of June, her peak of its growth falls in August. The height of the leaf can reach 20-25 cm, and the diameter of the hat does not exceed 15 cm.

Inexperienced mushrooms can take one of the light mugs for good mushrooms. In this case, the poisoning will save the unpleasant smell that the pulp is.

If you do not know how poisonous false champignons look like, look at the photo: these are common mushrooms that are often taken for edible.

Real champignons: distribution sites and distinctive features

To understand how to distinguish an edible champignon from a false champignon, you need to know their distinctive features, places where they are common and the time of their growing.

The "right" mushrooms can be found on shady flower beds, at the rooks of the roads, on the beds. There is usually growing bisporovy (agaricus bitorquis) champignon grows there (Agaricus Bitorquis). For garden species, bright shades are characterized - from white to grayish and light cream. The Hand of the Double Mushroom is revealed in the upper bed of the soil, so the color or humus covering it can be influenced.

Ordinary (Agaricus Campestris) and SERVICE (Agaricus Macrosporus) The form of the mushroom can be found in the steppe, on the fields and meadows. Here, poisonous representatives of the Agarik family are rare.

Landings near the trees grows the field (Agaricus Arvensis), which is collected from mid-May to the end of September.

Compare the photo of the present and the image of the false champignon: the difference is not always visible.

Forest moisture and shadow are excellent conditions for the development of such species as transferring, dark red, forest and august champignon. They appear in early July and grow to October. Their feature is that after cutting, young mushrooms appear in the same place in 10-15 days.

But the most often in the forest there are forest false false champignons - look at the photo as they look.

But poisonous specimens can even meet in uncharacteristic places of growth, so you need to be extremely attentive.

Food poisoning false champignon

Even proven mushrooms may cause poisoning if they are collected in an inappropriate place. These are the side of large roads, territory near industrial facilities, landfills. Mushrooms like sponge absorb poisoning substances, among which are carcinogens.

Having studied a description of the places of growing a false forest champignon, look at the photos of this copy in natural conditions.

To date, a large number of edible, as well as inedible and deadly, or who can be called doubles due to the pronounced external similarity. Almost all lovers of the "quiet hunting" with many years of experience are perfectly disassembled in mushrooms and can easily distinguish edible species. Beginner mushrooms will help to distinguish inconsiderable and life-threatening mushrooms of the doubles information table.

Edible Mushrooms Doubles

Edibles are customary to call the types of mushrooms that can be used in nutritional purposes without risk to life and human health. As a rule, they all have a fairly high gastronomic value and are characterized by excellent taste, as well as very good nutrition. Of course, to know all edible varieties of mushrooms is not just difficult, but almost impossible. The highest category and fruit bodies of conditionally edible species have a lot of similar external characteristics, allowing you to call them twins.

Among other things, there is a huge number of conditionally edible species. The fruit bodies of such varieties are categorically unsuitable in the food in the raw form, so before use, they are subjected to mandatory thermal processing. Depending on the species, the fruit bodies of conditionally edible mushrooms can simply boil several times before the main preparation, be sure to merge the resulting mushroom decoction, but there are also species that are suitable for cooking after a short soaking.

How to distinguish edible mushrooms from false (video)

Almost all types of edible mushrooms under the hat are located tubes or a sponge layer, and when collecting lamellar varieties, you should pay attention to the frequency of plates, the method of their attachment to the leg, staining the spore powder, as well as the presence or absence of volley and rings that remain after the aging .

Among other things, a significant part changes the color of the pulp on the cut or as a result of pressure, which should also be considered when collecting mushrooms. Therefore, before going to the forest, you should ask what exactly the color can be stained with certain edible mushrooms.

Inedible twins

As a rule, such mushrooms have an unpleasant odor or taste, have small or low-attractive and rigid fruit bodies, or grow in specific places.

№	Category	Name	Features
1	Edible	Podberezovik	Refers to the family of soothes and has a brown hats of muted shades. The leg is not too thick, with a characteristic mesh pattern
	Inedible		It has a convex or flat, smooth, dry, brownish or brownish hat with a very bitter flesh
2	Edible	White mushroom	Staining the Hats may vary depending on external conditions and growth, and varies from white-beige-beige to dark brown with a reddish tide
	Inedible	Satanian mushroom	There is a mesh dark-red color pattern on legs and very characteristic yellow or reddish pores.
3	Edible	Fox ordinary	Fruit body hat icon-like, different sizes, fleshy, more or less funnel-shaped, yellowish-reddish staining
	Inedible	Fastener is false	Flat-prostrate or funnel shape, with straight thin edges, orange-hidful color with bright yellow middle, frequent, thick, yellow-orange plates, raging when pressing
4	Edible	Angle	The surface of the cap fiber or scaly, with plates grown to the leg, and a characteristic tormenty aroma
	Inedible	A row white	Hat of grayish-white dyeing, pulp inedible, has a strong and unpleasant odor and caustic, burning taste
5	Edible	Raincoat edible	The fruit body is covered with a characteristic white two-layer sheath, which is smooth outside, and inside the leathery type. On the surface there are small spikes
	Inedible	Raincoat Swordy	Differs from edible species with straight hidden spikes on a fruit body, whitish staining and has a pleasant mushroom fragrance
6	Edible	Mokhovik	Tubular mushroom with a cap of the convex shape, fleshy, with a dry, felt surface of light-brown or dark brown dyeing
	Inedible	Pepper mushroom	From the oil and mokhovikov differs in an unpleasant taste, a red sporing layer and the lack of a ring on the leg

Dangerous mushrooms Doubles

Such twin mushrooms have characteristic of the type of difference from edible varieties, including the features of the structure of the hymenophore, the shape and staining of the fruit body. It makes no sense to focus on the smell of such mushrooms, since many edible species do not have a pronounced mushroom fragrance, and on the contrary, poisonous twins can have a very pleasant and strong smell.

Features of edible mushrooms (video)

№	Category	Name	Features
1	Neyovy Mushroom Double	Syroezhka green, green,.	Green Green Hat is practically white, and there is a characteristic ovoid thickening on the leg
	Poisonous appearance	Death cap
2	Neyovy Mushroom Double	Float white, mushroom umbrella white, champignon transferred.	For smelly mumor, a white hat and white leg is characteristic, with a pronounced ring.
	Poisonous appearance	Amanita smelly
3	Neyovy Mushroom Double	Amanita Pink	The Pantry Amanita refers to deadly poisonous mushrooms and has white, with an unpleasant smell of flesh.
	Poisonous appearance	Amanita Pantry
4	Neyovy Mushroom Double	Golden cheese	Bright red or orange-red red mumor hat with age has white or weak-yellow numerous warts
	Poisonous appearance	Amanita red
5	Neyovy Mushroom Double	Float Gray	Amanita Porphyre has a sharp and unpleasant smell, and eating eating can cause poisoning
	Poisonous appearance	Amanita Porphirova
6	Neyovy Mushroom Double	Summer Open	Rare, listed in the Red Book, a poisonous species has a dry and transparent pulp without odor
	Poisonous appearance	chained.
7	Neyovy Mushroom Double	Fadess	The ottolnika hat is convex or funnel, white or yellowish gray, smooth, dry or slightly wet, with severe glitter
	Poisonous appearance	White govitka

In the process of collecting mushrooms, it is very important to strictly adhere to the following simple rules and recommendations:

• collecting and especially use in food even after long-term heat treatment of unfamiliar mushrooms is strictly prohibited;
• it is impossible to collect old and damaged insect fungi even related to edible species;
• it is impossible to preserve the collected mushrooms without processing;
• it is impossible to collect mushrooms in large cities, as well as near car highways or industrial production facilities.

When the first signs of fungal poison appears, it is very important in the shortest possible time to ensure victims of qualified medical care, delivering to the nearest medical institution. Previously, the first aid should be provided, which is to wash the stomach, the use of activated carbon or other adsorbent, as well as reducing the risk of dehydration. It is important to note that success in the treatment of fungal poisoning will directly depend first of all on how quickly and qualifying will be provided to the victim all the amount of medical care.

Five of the most poisonous mushrooms of Russia (video)

For frequent poisonous mushrooms, similar to edible can confuse them. Some mushrooms have a similarity of superficial, and others have so much that even a mushroom with great experience will be able to take such a mushroom for edible.

White Mushroom (Borovik)

In appearance, white mushroom looks like an inademonible bile mushroom (Fig.).

Fig. Bile mushroom

Podberezovik

Podberezovik can be confused with an inedible bull mushroom.

Distinctive signs of white mushroom, podbotzovka and bile mushroom

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	white mushroom	podberezovik	bile mushroom
	light brown, gray-brown, yellow-brown, dark brown	white, grayish, yellowish, brown brown, almost black	brown or brown
		white, at a break does not change colors	white, pinking, with bitter taste
Tubular layer	white, then yellowish, greenish	whitish, then gray-brown	white, then dirty pink
	white, covered with white mesh pattern	white covered with dark brown flakes	cream, covered with dark-bright mesh pattern

Dubovik

Twin Dubovik is a poisonous Satanian mushroom.

Oven autumn

Mushrooms that have grown on birch or oak trees and stumps have the most good taste, the rest have lower taste characteristics.

Oven the autumn in appearance is similar to Summer Own, Winter Own, as well as Seremoplastic and Poisonous Sulfur-Yellow Poisonous Falcoon.

Summer fees

Refers to edible mushrooms, IV category. Only hats are used in boiled, fried, salty and pickled form.

Distinctive signs of Dubovik and Satanian mushroom

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	dubovik	satanian mushroom
	olive-brown, yellowish-brown, grayish-brown, dark-crying	white, greenish-yellowish or grayish-yellowish, sometimes with pinkish or rusty stains closer to the edges of the hats
	lemon-yellow, blown on the breakfast, then gradually becomes dirty yellow, odorless and taste	white, slightly yellowish or pinkish, on the break first blues, then pigeons, but gradually acquires the original color, with an unpleasant smell and bitter taste
Tubular layer	first greenish-yellowish, then bright red or brown-red, from touching blue	first light yellow, then orange or red shade
	yellow, covered with pink-brown meshe or reddish	yellowish, covered with pinkish stains and rounded loops of the mesh pattern

Distinctive signs of Own Opening, Summer Opening, Winter Opening, Serne-Yellow Surpoon and Falcon

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	oven autumn	summer fees	winter fees	falcore seroplasty	sulfur-yellow false
	servo or yellow brown	yellow-brown or reddish-brown	medovo-Yellow	hyryano-yellow	greenish-yellow, yellow-brown or sulfur-yellow
		brown, with a pleasant smell and taste	light yellow or cream, with a pleasant smell and taste	whitish, with bitter taste	light yellow or yellow, with an unpleasant smell and bitter taste
Plates	white, then light yellow with rusty spots	whitish, then rzavo-brown	light yellow or cream, then more dark	pale yellow, then siren gray and purple-purple	yellow, then greenish and olive-black
	on top of light brown, downstairs dark brown	brown, downstairs more dark	on top of yellowish, at the bottom of dark brown	from above reddish-yellow, downstairs	on top of light yellow, downstairs yellow brown

Distinctive features of the curvy and the false false

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	vyuy	voyi false
	owl-yellow or brown-yellow, spherical, then flat-painted, slightly concave in the center	white or dirty-yellowish, convex, then spread, sometimes with a small tubercle in the middle
	white, then yellowish, with bitter taste	whitish, with a raund smell and very bitter taste
Plates	first white, then rzavo-yellow, with brownish spots that have grown to the leg	white, then yellowish or grayish-yellowish, slightly grown to the leg or free
	white or brown, straight or thickened in the middle	white or dirty-yellowish, a little thickened down, covered with brownish scales

Sherry

Seerub can be confused with the flashlight blackcloth and glades.

Gladesh (Common Meltcie)

To remove a bitter milky juice, mushrooms should be soaked, and then pour boiling water to make the pulp to become elastic (Fig.).

Fig. Gladysh

Syrene cheese

Syrene's crumpled in appearance is similar to greenish and, which is very dangerous, for a deadly poisonous pale custody (green shape).

Distinctive features of sorrushchi, global and glades

		meltnik bluer
	convex, then funnel-shaped, grayish purple, with dark concentric rings	flat-convex, then funnel-shaped, gray-brown or sirensive gray	flat, with a small straw in the middle, purple-sulfur I, yellowish gray or reddish-gray, with concentric rings or without them
Plates	descending, rare, pale yellow	descending, frequent, white or yellowish-cream seating from touch	descending or incurred to the leg, rare, thin, yellowish or pink-cream
		white or grayish	white or cream
Milky Juice	white or watery, in the air does not change	white, in the air is gray	white becomes yellowish
	light gray, dense of a young mushroom, hollow with mature	a little pale hats, hollow	one color with a hat, hollow

Cheerful yellow

The twin of the cheesery yellow is a poisonous fly-shaped amanome

Golden red cheese

Golden red cheese can be confused with a poisonous amanome red

Distinctive signs of greenish green, greenish and pale grinding (green shape)

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	syrene cheese	syroezhka greenish	pale cheese (green shape)
	convex, then spread, bluish-green, brightly brighter, with cream and stripes	flat-convex, curved wavy, rough, gray-greenish, edges brighter	bell, then plane, light, light or olive-green, in the middle a more dark, silky
	white, fat, fragile	white, fat, strong	white, thin
Plates	related to leg, white or cream	easy to the leg or free, white or yellowish	free, white
		fleece ring, languid thickening and vagina	in the upper part, the film ring, at the base of a tuber-like thickening, surrounded by a bagpath vagina

Distinctive signs of griming and ammoroman grinding

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	cheerful yellow	magnifier tormented
	hemisphere, then flat or funnel-shaped, bright yellow, smooth	flat-convex, with a small deepening in the center, white, then yellowish-greenish, with white large flakes on the surface
Plates	related to the leg, white, then light yellow	easuring to the leg, white, sometimes with a yellowish edge
	smooth, white, then yellowish or grayish, without a film ring, cheerful bloating and vagina	white, with a white or yellowish film ring, straw-like thickening at the base enclosed in the vagina

Distinctive Signs of Golden Red and Red and Municipal Moon

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	golden red cheese	amanita red
	convex, then spread, orange-yellow or orange-red, with yellow spots	spherical, then plane, bright red or orange-red, covered with numerous white or yellowish warts
Plates	easuring to the leg, infrequent, light yellow	free, frequent, first white, then yellowish
	pale yellow or yellow, smooth or slightly thickened to the base, dense, without ring, cheerful thickening and vagina	white, dense, then a hollow, with a filled ring, ducklings at the base, enclosed in the vagina

Distinctive signs of the May Mushroom, Entolomes of Plisten and Entolomes Poison

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	masky Mushroom	entoloma pestels	entoloma poisonous
	creamy, yellowish or dirty and white	light gray or brown-gray	white, then yellowish, at old mushrooms gray-brown
	white, with a pleasant taste and flour smell	white, slightly watery, with a pleasant taste and flour smell	white, under the skin drowned, in young mushrooms with a flour smell, in older - with unpleasant
Plates	frequent, white or cream	rare, wide, white, then pinkish	rare, wide, whitish, then pinkish-yellow
	white, yellowish or creamy, slightly thickened to the base	white, smooth, straight or curved, covered with longitudinal scars	white, slightly thickened to the base, silky, no scars

Major Mushroom (Govarushka Mayskaya, Mike, Georgiev Mushroom)

The May mushroom in appearance is similar to the Entola Plisten and Hazardous Entola Poisonous.

Entoloma Plisten, or Garden Entol

Grows in deciduous forests, in the meadows, in forests, often large groups, from the end of May to September.

Hat up to 10 cm in diameter, light gray or brown-gray, in young mushrooms, the bell tower, then becomes a spread, with a thick tuberculk in the middle, the edges of the caps are curved, flourished (Fig. A).

Plates Easuring to the leg, rare, wide, first white, with age get a pinkish shade. White flesh, slightly watery, thick, dense, with a pleasant taste and flour smell. Spore powder pale brown color.

The feet of a mushroom up to 10 cm long, up to 2 cm thick, white, smooth, straight or slightly curved, fibrous, hollow, covered with longitudinal scars.

Mushroom edible, IV category. It is used in the boiled, fried and marinated form, does not require preheating. Entoloma Plisten in appearance is similar to a dangerous enantolic poisonous (Fig. B) and the May mushroom (Fig. B).

Green, or row green

Sexushki is rarely worm.

The mushroom has similarities with a weakly chipped rogue with sulfur-yellow.

Distinctive signs of green and robes sulfur

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	greenfinch	row sulfur-yellow
	greenish-yellow, in the center is more dark, brownish-green	brightly sulfur-yellow, in the center is a more dark, on the edges of lighter, without a green shade
	almost white, then pale yellow, without taste, with a pleasant flour smell	yellow or greenish-yellow, with an unpleasant smell and bitter taste
Plates	greenish-yellow, frequent	sulfur-yellow or greenish-yellow, rare
	greenish-yellow, almost all hidden in the ground, covered with small scales	sulfur-yellow, covered with small brown spines

Earth-gray

The Earth-gray row in appearance resembles a dangerous campaign, poisonous and robbed to poisonous.

Mero-pink amanita, or a pink amanita, flourishing amansor

It is possible to use the Mero-pink amanita in food only with complete confidence in its correct definition, since this mushroom can be confused with a very poisonous amanome panthene.

Distinctive signs of robes Earth-gray, robes of pointed and robes to poisonous

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	earth-gray	a row is pointed	a row of poisonous
	mouse-gray, covered with dark gray scales	gray or brown-gray	dirty-white or brown-gray with a bluish shade covered with gray-brown scales
	white, then grayish, with a pleasant smell and sharp taste	light gray, then almost white, with a pleasant flour smell and bitter taste	whitish, under the skin slightly grayish, tasteless, with a pleasant flour smell
Plates	light gray, with age dark	white or light-seed	dirty white with greenish or yellowish tint
	white or light surgery	white or light gray	on top of white, bottom drowned

Blowing inside

In appearance, the bunch of black, as well as the poverty of the lead-gray, is similar to an inademonible felt.

Float White

Two white float is a poisonous amoor smelly. Also in the appearance of the float, white resembles an edible mushroom-umbrella white and conditionally edible Volvalelle beautiful.

Distinctive signs of the amoor of the gray-pink and amoor of the panthen

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	amanita gray pink	amanita Pantry
Hat	Dirty-reddish or gray-pink, with dirty gray flakes on the surface	gray-brown, dark-olive-brown, olive gray, with numerous white warts
Flesh	White, blushing, without taste and smell	White, with an unpleasant smell, on a break color does not change
Plates	first white, ripe mushrooms with a reddish tint	White
Leg	White, then reddish brown, ring striped white, ripe mushrooms reddish	white or brownish, striped white ring, fast disappearing

Distinctive signs of scuffers of black, punching of lead-gray and falsity of ordinary

Parts -griba	Mushroom
	blowing inside	children's Children	flapidateland
Shell	external - white, thin, disappearing; internal - first white, then black or brown, thin	external - white, thin, disappearing; Inner - lead gray, thin	dirty-yellow or light brown, rough, thick, smooth, scaly or wart
	white, then yellow, later purple-brown, without taste and smell	white, then brown, without taste and smell	yellowish, then purple-black with white streaks, gray-olive, with an unpleasant smell

Mushroom umbrella white

The mushroom umbrella is growing on forest glades, meadows and pastures, along the roads, in parks, singularly or small groups, meets from mid-July to October.

A hat reaches 10 cm in diameter, in young mushrooms rounded, with age becomes umbrella, white, in the center slightly drowned, with a cracking surface covered with small angular scales, and a rumbled edge. Plates are free, infrequent, white. The flesh is soft, loose, white, with a pleasant smell and taste. White disputes.

The feet of the mushroom up to 10 cm long, up to 1 cm thick, slightly thickened down the book, white, under the cap on the leg, there is a white rolling ring.

The mushroom is edible, refers to the IV category. Only hats of young mushrooms are suitable for eating food in boiled, fried and dried.

In the appearance of the mushroom umbrella, white looks like a poisonous amoor smelly (Fig.).

Fig. Mushroom umbrella white

Volvariella is beautiful

Volvariella can be confused with a poisonous agarity stinking.

Overtake, or Ivishyn

The fungus is rare in broad forest forests, on forest glades, sometimes in gardens and gardens, in the meadows, single or small groups, from July to September.

The hat reaches 10 cm in diameter, the wrong shape, first convex, with age becomes a funnel-applied, sometimes with a small tuberculk in the middle, the edges of the wavy cap. The surface of a white hat or creamy, with age acquires a gray shade. Floor-descending plates, frequent, young mushrooms are white, ripe - yellowish pink. The flesh is dense, white, with a torrential smell and a pleasant taste. Spore powder of light pink colors (Fig.).

Fig. Overtochnik

The leg at the dealer is short, up to 6 cm long, up to 1.5 cm thick, narrowed to base, smooth, sometimes flounce, white.

The diesel film is edible, refers to the IV category. You can eat in the food in the boiled and fried form.

The twin of the diesel film is a poisonous glow-in-law, very similar to him in appearance.

Distinctive signs of white float, white mushroom-umbrella, Volvalialla Beautiful and smelly agar

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	float White	mushroom umbrella white	volvariella is beautiful	amanita smelly
	white covered with white, then disappearing flakes	white, in the center slightly drowned, covered with scales	white with dark gray center
	white, odorless, with a pleasant taste	white, with a pleasant smell and taste	white, without taste and smell	white, with an unpleasant smell
Plates			white, then pinkish
		white, with white rolling ring	white, expanded base is enclosed in the vagina	white, with a thin white ring, an extended base is enclosed in the vagina

Lepiot shields

The mushroom meets in mixed and coniferous forests from July to October, groups, sometimes forms the rings on Earth.

Hat up to 8 cm in diameter, in young mushrooms, the bell tower, then becomes flattened, with a small dark tubercle in the center, white, ripe mushrooms are yellowish-brown. The surface of the cap is covered with concentric circles, the color of scales with age is changing from white to reddish-yellow and brown. The edges of the hats are covered with small flakes. Plates are free, frequent, white or yellowish. The pulp is thin, dense, white, has a pleasant smell and taste. Spore powder pale yellow color.

Lepiotheka lepiota to 6 cm long, up to 1.5 cm in thickness, cylindrical, slightly expanded to base, hollow. On the leg under the hat there is a flake ring, the color is the same with the surface of the hat. The leg to the ring is smooth, whitish, below the rings covered with yellowish flakes.

In the appearance of the lepiota, the palate resembles the intolerable lepiot of Grebenchyuyuyuyu (Fig.).

Fig. Lepiot shields

Distinctive signs of diesel film and govarushki

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	overtochnik	govitka is stuck
	white, later with a gray tint, funnel-shaped, with wavy edges	white, with watery rounded spots, spread, slightly concave, with wavy fluffy and edges
	dense, white, with mild smell and pleasant taste	dense, white, with a pleasant smell and taste
Plates	descending on the leg, frequent, white, then yellowish pink	Plates descending on the leg, frequent, white or with a gray tint
	white, narrowed to base, smooth or powdery	white, with a yellowish or grayish tinge, thickened to the base, smooth, lowered down

Lepiot combs

The mushroom grows from the end of June to October in mixed and coniferous forests, on forest edges, glades, meadows, sometimes in the gardens.

Lepiot's hat is a small, up to 5 cm in diameter, in young mushrooms, the bell tower, with age becomes flat-convex, with a small reddish tubercant in the middle, whitish, with concentrically located brownish scales. Plates are free, frequent, white. The pulp is thin, white, on the breakfast blushes, has a sharp range smell and an unpleasant taste. Spore powder of yellowish color.

The feet of the mushroom is up to 8 cm long, up to 1.5 cm in thickness, smooth, slightly thickened to the base, yellowish or yellowish-reddish. On the leg under the cap, there is a narrow white or slightly reddish ring, which disappears when ripening.

The mushroom is unbearable, according to some sources, poisonous (Fig.).

Fig. Lepiot combs

Distinctive signs of lepiota panel and lepiot comb

Parts of the mushroom	Mushroom
	lepiot shields	lepiot combs
	white, then yellowish-buoyed with a dark tubercle in the center, covered with concentrically located white or reddish-yellow	white, with a small reddish tuberculk in the middle, with concentrically located drowned scales
	white, with a pleasant smell and taste	white, blushing on a break, with a radar smell and unpleasant taste
Plates	white or yellowish
	with a flaky yellowish-brown ring; The ring is smooth, whitish, under the ring is covered with yellowish and scales	yellowish or yellowish-reddish, smooth, with a narrow white or reddish ring, disappearing when ripening

We all have heard that there are twins of edible mushrooms, the use of which can be dangerous to our life and health. But what if you are going to the forest for the first time and do not know how to distinguish edible from the poisonous? That is why today we will tell you how the real mushrooms are dusties.

And we will talk about mushrooms, greyhound mushrooms and scaly. Let us talk about with what mushrooms most often they are confused.

• Poisonous Mushroom Double Owls

Dangerous Health Double White Mushroom

We all heard about a white mushroom, which is considered a reference. For example, mushroom skins often evaluate their "harvest" in quantity But, unfortunately, if you are unprofessional, then this species can be easily confused with raging. So let's understand how to keep our health.

We have already decided on the name of a dangerous twin of a white mushroom. And now let's talk about how to distinguish it from the original. First of all, you need to pay attention to the leg.

If it is evenly covered with a light grid, then it is most likely the white mushroom. But if the grid is dark and is located only on the top of the leg, then you need to look more carefully on this instance. Then, in order to make sure that the white mushroom is in front of you or not, make a small incision on the leg.

If the pulp a few minutes after the cut remained white, then you definitely edible product. But if the pulp of gripped, then such a "harvest" should be immediately thrown out, because you managed to rip the horizontal mushroom.

By the way, the Satanic is considered another double mushroom. Its distinctive feature is a reddish grid throughout the leg and a red tubular layer. And a few minutes after the cut, the pulp can be dark purple.

Dangerous Mushroom Double Champignon

This species is most often confused with a white mandom. And he, as you know, is quite dangerous for our life.

The differences between the champignon from the White Moon are as follows:

• Champignon

1. Ophid Hat. The pulp has a pleasant smell. After touching the hat can be yellowed;

2. Refrigerated plates or light red. May be dark brown;

3. The leg has a cylindrical shape, expands closer to the base. Around the middle of the legs there is a small white circle with yellowish raid.

• White Municipal

1. The hat at the very top of the rounded conical shape, closer to the bottom it becomes a more disappear. The pulp cap has an unpleasant smell;

2. Plates are located very freely. Most often there are white. May be light pink;

3. The leg is thin, near the base a little bloated. The ring on the leg is quite wide in the strip.

If you know about such distinctive features, then the likelihood to use a poisonous product will become much smaller. Now you understand that you need to carefully consider all mushrooms so that a dangerous harvest is not in the basket.

By the way, to the family of white amansor are pale and palers. And we can talk about the consequences of poisoning them. The fact is that all signs of pale refining poisoning can manifest a while after her eating. It is for this reason that people are quite often not even immediately remembered that they ate. And, unfortunately, in most cases, we simply do not have the necessary assistance in poisoning. Therefore, when collecting forest beauties, you need to be very attentive.

Poisonous Mushroom Double Owls

Owlings are also quite popular with gourmets. And most often with them is confused by sulfur-yellow. In fact, these two mushrooms are really similar to each other. Therefore, if you are not sure one hundred percent that put a useful product in the basket, it is better not to touch it at all.

A real ointment cream or honey-yellow hat. The smell of pulp is quite pleasant.
Plates are also light yellow or cream. The leg at the base can be brown, black or drow. And on top of a white leg. If you take it in hand, the leg should be velvety to the touch.

False opens are distinguished by a gray-yellow hat with a reddish point from above. The plates are also gray-yellow or greenish. The leg has the same light yellow color.

Signs of poisoning with false mushrooms doubles

As you already understood, confuse edible and poisonous mushrooms is easy. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly know what could be the consequences of poisoning. So you can notice all negative symptoms in time and turn to the doctor.

So, the main symptoms of such poisoning include:

• Strong nausea and vomiting;
• Significant abdominal pains and diarrhea;
• Heat. Although this feature is individual, since someone can no longer stand out with a temperature of 37 degrees;
• Cold hands and legs.

Some features are the poisoning of mandors. In this case, such signs of poisoning as nonsense, the appearance of hallucinations, or a state manifestation, which may be similar to the insanity.

Such signs can appear after a half - two hours after the use of poisoned product in food. When the first symptoms appear, you should immediately call a doctor or ambulance. If you are forced to wait for a doctor for some time, try to constantly lie and drink more warm water.

So you will prevent the spread of poison in all tissues in the body.

By the way, there is a risk to poison and edible mushrooms. But this can only happen if you wash them badly. The fact is that there may be sporing sticks in the soil, which are causative agents of such a serious disease as botulism. Signs of such a disease is a complete or partial impairment of vision, headache, convulsions or difficult breathing.

Attention! If you have noticed at least two of all the listed symptoms, then you should immediately consult a doctor. After all, the consequences can be very negative.

As you can see, such gifts of forests can significantly ruin our lives. And with the unfavorable development of events, such poisoning may have a fatal outcome. Therefore, before there is a mushroom, be sure to make sure that he is unmarried.

If you do not have such confidence, it is worth showing your "harvest" who knows people or throw him away from sin. Be healthy!

By The Materials Mjusli.ru

2015-10-24T07: 05: 45 + 00: 00 admin.useful advice food and Health, Useful Tips

We all have heard that there are twins of edible mushrooms, the use of which can be dangerous to our life and health. But what if you are going to the forest for the first time and do not know how to distinguish edible from the poisonous? That is why today we will tell you how real ...

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Sometimes in a basket, instead of welcome, all favorite mushrooms include poisonous varieties, to which the twins of the "Tsar of Forests" are white mushroom.

General description of dangerous twins

For many edible mushrooms, their poisonous or conditionally edible twins are known. Similarity can be strong or superficial. So, the white mushroom and some of its twins are absolutely identical in their external signs. Puting a twin of a white mushroom to the basket, easily poison and at best go to the hospital bed. An error in the selection may be fatal and will lead to a sad outcome.

Even mushrooms with perennial experience sometimes at first glance can not distinguish a dangerous twin of a white mushroom from a real and noble copy. Edible noble Boletus has its own characteristics and differs both externally and in taste.

The main distinguishing feature of edible from poisonous is their chemical composition in which toxins are included.

External signs are deceptive: so, the amoor is deprived of white spots on the hat after a good shower and becomes similar to the red cheese. A false pole is changing the window of a hat with age and becomes even more similar to this.

According to the actions of toxins, insidious false mushrooms are divided into several categories for the caused species of poisoning:

• food intoxication;
• damage to the nervous system;
• poisoning with fatal outcome.

Before going to the forest, it should be understood as the white mushroom differs from its dangerous twins. One of the external signs for which a person draws attention is the structure of the hymenophore. Unfortunately, all representatives of the twin species, it is similar in its structure with such an edible original and is spongy. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to the change in its color. You also need to be attentive when studying the color of the cutting (slider) of the pulp. This white never changes the color on the break, so before putting the fruit body in Lukoshko, it is better to break a little piece from it and see what happens.

Views

At the most noble mushroom, the King of the Forest Kingdom, there are somewhat dangerous for the life of the person's fellow. These include:

• bile mushroom;
• borovik beautiful;
• satanic sick;
• borovik le Gal;
• oakovik coliled.

Bile mushroom

The second name of this species is Gorchak (Tylopilus Felleus). He deserved it quite reasonably, precisely thanks to his bitter taste. The bile mushroom belongs to the class of agricultuits, the family is soothed, the genus Tilopil. Refers to inedible.

His description:

• shape hats in the form of a hemisphere;
• coloring Hats from yellow to brown;
• diameter - 4-15 cm;
• the flesh is fibrous, white, thick, soft, blushing on the cut;
• aroma is absent;
• gimnoform spongy;
• pores angular or rounded form;
• spit powder pink;
• cylindrical leg;
• height - 3-14 cm;
• thickness - 3 cm.

The characteristic feature of the Gorchakka and the difference from the White "Brother" is a bitter taste and color change on the cut. It turns into red white.

Borovik beautiful

Boletus Pulcherrimus, or Borovik beautiful, is another poisonous look. It has an external similarity with an ordinary Borovik, but changes the color on the cut (blue) and extremely toxic.

Description:

• hand large, hemispherical (up to 25 cm);
• on the touch velvety and dry;
• painting the skin is reddish brown;
• the flesh is dense, yellowish;
• hymenoform tubular;
• pores are red;
• spores brown, in the form of spindle;
• fat leg (up to 12 cm), male-shaped or cylindrical;
• up to 15 cm increases height;
• the taste is first sweet, then - very bitter, there is no smell.

A characteristic feature is the presence of a small mesh on the leg. Under the Hat there are tubes, gear, with a yellowish tinge and up to 15 cm long. When pressing, they become blue.

Satanian soul

Refers to the biological group of Borovikov. Forms mikurizu with oaks, limes and birchings. This twin is dangerous to health, eaten by 30 g of the meak of Satanian mushroom cause severe poisoning symptoms. His description:

• hand big, sometimes giant (30-40 cm);
• pillow shape;
• surface smooth;
• color Hats Olive or Brown;
• skin dense;
• from the bottom of the sponge hat (ie, the hymenoform is spongy);
• pink color;
• the leg is aligned with a book, cylindrical;
• height - up to 13 cm.

Irina Selyutin (biologist):

Satanic mushroom is often in various sources called "false white mushroom". Make it became not so long ago. However, to confuse the white mushroom and the Satanian can only be sick with a bulk look from afar. This is especially true of beginner mushrooms who remember the "FAS and the profile" of the White Mushroom, and everything else was still not postponed. Therefore, you need to look carefully on the painting of the fruit body. For the satanic fungus, many red flowers are characterized and, first of all, he has a red hymenoform. Also a lot of red tones in the color of the legs.

By the way. Satanas's species epithet for Satanian Mushroom (Rubroboletus Satanas) suggested the Germanic Scientist-Mikogol Harald Otmar Lenz (1798-1870) after he himself poisoned by this mushroom.

Satanic mushroom is characterized by a shine when contacting the air, which gradually becomes red. This is due to the oxidation process of poison oxygen.

Oakovik Crap

Boletus Erythropus refers to edible twins. It can be used in food, in soups or other dishes. This forest organism has such a description:

• size of the cap - up to 20 cm in diameter;
• it is dry and velvety;
• pillow shape;
• the color of the skin is red-brown;
• powder Spore Olive;
• pores - red or orange, but the tube is greenish-yellow (in mature);
• a leg with a height of 10 cm;
• the shape of the legs are tuberous.

A characteristic feature is a darkening of a light edge of a hat after pressing on it and small reddish scales on the trunk of the legs. A distinctive feature from the original is blue in the cut of the pulp.

Borovik le Gal

Another poisonous mushroom, similar to the white, is Borovik Le Gal (Boletus Legaliae), or Borovik is legal. It is characterized by such a description:

• the hat is convex, up to 15 cm;
• surface smooth;
• color pink-orange;
• pale pulp, yellowish;
• aroma is pleasant;
• hymenoform tubular;
• disputes of olive color;
• the leg is thick, up to 5-6 cm in diameter;
• height legs - up to 17 cm.

Irina Selyutin (biologist):

Borovik legitimate is widely widespread in the wild of Europe, where mainly deciduous forests. Being a mycorrhizo formator, it enters the symbiosis with an oak, a beech, a hub. Alkaline soil prefers, i.e. Soil, for which pH\u003e 7 (where pH is the acidity of the soil).

A feature is a small reddish mesh on the leg and a shine on the cutting cut.

Contraindications and harm

An error committed when collecting a forest harvest can lead to a fatal outcome. Inedible twins will play a joke, which are well mastered under their noble fellow.

One small piece of the fruit body of a poisonous organism is able to cause a lot of trouble. At the first signs of poisoning, it is necessary to rinse the stomach and then contact the hospital for help. The signs of poisoning include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, weakness in limbs, diarrhea and temperature increase.

Right white mushroom

The hood from Borovik is beautiful used to treat typhoids, paratifies and purulent skin lesions.

The twins of a white mushroom contain a large amount of psilocybinate and alkaloids in their pulp. These substances actively affect the brain of a mentally ill person and normalize its activities.

Conclusion

When collecting mushrooms, you should not take everything that falls on the way, unfamiliar organisms from idle curiosity: it is fraught with poisoning. Some twins are so dangerous that they lead to a fatal outcome.