This changeable and capricious weather has always had an impact on humans. Wind, fog, rain, etc. influences more and more people. Let's see how the weather affects a person's well-being. Where does this addiction come from, and who is most susceptible to it?

In fact, many people are meteosensitive. Such people feel mildly unwell. It is also worth distinguishing between meteosensitivity and meteorological dependence. Weather-dependent people tolerate weather changes much more seriously. Such people are prone to sudden mood swings and deterioration in well-being. During such a period, meteorological people various diseases can even exacerbate. Such a reaction to the weather is a violation of human adaptation to environmental conditions.

As the weather changes, many people have a headache, daytime sleepiness appears, and some, on the contrary, have insomnia, severe fatigue and a bad mood. During this period, the cores may have pain in the heart, and blood pressure may jump. Also, when the weather changes, many people have joint pain and past injuries, especially if they are fractures. People also feel the weather changes after the operation, especially the places that have undergone surgery disturb such people.

V big cities natural conditions have a greater impact on people than in countryside... Smog in large cities significantly reduces the amount of UV radiation. And what to say about harmful impurities, exhaust gases and high humidity... Sensitivity to weather is most influenced by gender, age, heredity and general health. Women are more susceptible to weather changes than men.

The four factors affecting human well-being are wind, magnetic storms, temperature and light.

Lack of light greatly affects a person, this manifests itself in mood swings, feelings of depression and apathy. This happens most often in the autumn-winter period. Of course, artificial light cannot be replaced with a real one - sunlight, but still, at least so. Therefore, to avoid the appearance of depression, turn on more light in the rooms where you are.

The air temperature also affects the human condition. Especially for people who have vascular disease (VVD). And, as you know, vegetative-vascular dystonia (VVD) is in many people. Therefore, such people have Negative influence, both heat and cold. This can manifest itself in pressure surges, headaches and heartaches. People with vascular disease need to include physical activity in their daily schedule. You can pay attention to aerobic exercise, they saturate the cells of the body with oxygen. Walking, skiing, dancing, running, cycling, swimming, will train vascular tone and reduce weather dependence.

In days of magnetic storms, it would be prudent to reduce physical and mental stress. Sleep and rest more. Meteo-dependent people on such days can drink valerian or motherwort. You also need to eat easily digestible food, so as not to overload the gastrointestinal tract.

Weather-dependent people also react strongly to high air humidity. Asthmatics and heart patients react especially strongly to wet weather. vascular diseases... However, it is enough healthy people may experience weakness and fatigue during periods of high humidity. Of course, there is another extreme - it is too dry indoor air during the heating season. Being in such rooms, the mucous membranes dry out, which can help viral diseases... Therefore, in an apartment or house, you need to use air humidifiers. There are different options for sale, you can choose any one that is suitable for both price and quality. A cheaper option would be dishes with water that can be placed on the windowsill, it will gradually evaporate and humidify the room.

Also on the well-being of people addicted to weather conditions the wind also affects. Therefore, especially on windy days, the health of meteorological people worsens. Also, in windy weather, anxiety, anxiety and melancholy increase in people with mental illness.

Also, weather-dependent people are affected by changes in atmospheric pressure, which entails problems with blood pressure. Eleutherococcus tincture will help people with low blood pressure during the period of lowering atmospheric pressure.

How to treat meteorological dependence? First of all, such people should lead healthy image life. This includes - proper nutrition, sports, hardening, rest, sleep. You also need to take additional complexes of vitamins and minerals. Also, a positive effect will have green tea, lemon balm, licorice and turmeric.

Control Altai Territory on education and youth affairs

Municipal educational institution

"Klepikovskaya average comprehensive school»

with. Klepikovo, Ust-Pristanskiy district

in the nomination " Ecology and health »

Theme: "The influence of weather conditions on human health"

Completed by: 10th grade student Buchas Valeria Supervisor: physics teacher Emelyanova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna

I. Introduction 3

II. Impact of weather conditions on human health 5

1. Types of weather conditions 5

2. Daily rhythms and biorhythms 5

3. Physical factors affecting the human body: 6

3.1 Temperature 6

3.3 Earth's magnetic field 7

3.4 Atmospheric pressure 8

3.5 Ultraviolet radiation 8

4. The body's response to a change in the meteorological situation 9

5. Analysis of questionnaires 10

6. Ways to Improve Your Health 13

III. Conclusion 14

IV. List of used literature 16

Introduction

Several decades ago, almost no one even thought to associate their working capacity, their emotional state and well-being with the activity of the Sun, with the phases of the Moon, with magnetic storms and other cosmic phenomena. In any phenomenon of the nature around us, there is a strict recurrence of processes: day and night, ebb and flow, winter and summer. Rhythm is observed not only in the movement of the Earth, the Sun and the stars, but is also an integral and universal property of living matter, a property that penetrates into all life phenomena - from the molecular level to the level of the whole organism. In the course of historical development, a person has adapted to a certain rhythm of life, due to rhythmic changes in natural environment and energy dynamics of metabolic processes. Currently, many rhythmic processes in the body are known, called biorhythms. These include the rhythms of the heart, respiration, and bioelectric activity of the brain. Our whole life is constant shift rest and vigorous activity, sleep and wakefulness, fatigue from strenuous work and rest. In the body of every person, like the ebb and flow of the sea, a great rhythm eternally reigns, arising from the connection of life phenomena with the rhythm of the Universe and symbolizing the unity of the world. The climate also has a serious impact on human well-being, influencing it through natural factors... Weather conditions include the complex physical conditions: Atmosphere pressure, humidity of air movement, oxygen concentration, degree of disturbance magnetic field land, the level of air pollution. Until now, it has not been possible to fully establish the mechanisms of the reaction of the human body to a change natural conditions... And she often makes itself felt with cardiac disorders, nervous disorders. With a sharp change in weather, the physical and mental performance, diseases are aggravated, the number of errors, accidents and even deaths increases.

The purpose my work is:

Find out which groups of people are more influenced by meteorological factors, under what conditions and how it is possible to protect the human body from the effects of the environment.

Tasks :

1. Collect and structure information about the impact of meteorological factors on the human body.

2. Conduct diagnostic research in order to confirm literary and statistical data.

3. Identify risk groups on which meteorological factors have the greatest impact.

4. Plan preventive measures.

The problems of the influence of weather on a person do not allow mathematically to accurately identify the universal types of weather that characterize the negative impact on human health. Everyone has a tendency to react to their own type of weather. Nature does not have bad weather, but every weather is a disaster for someone. It is customary to distinguish two main types of weather - hypoxic and spastic. However, you can find a more detailed classification of weather types. Climatologists propose to distinguish five types of weather conditions that affect human health: 1. Indifferent, with slight fluctuations in meteorological conditions - when a person does not feel any influence of the weather on his body;
2. Toning - when a change in the weather has a beneficial effect on a person, especially on patients with chronic oxygen deficiency, with arterial hypotension, coronary heart disease, chronic bronchitis;
3. The spastic type manifests itself during an abrupt change in the weather towards a cooling, when the atmospheric pressure rises and the oxygen content in the air increases significantly. Then people with high blood pressure may experience headaches and heartaches caused by spasms of vascular smooth muscles;
4. The hypotensive type of weather can manifest itself with a tendency to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the air: then the vascular tone of patients decreases. Hypertensive patients, for example, feel better at this time - their blood pressure decreases;
5. The hypoxic type of weather changes towards warming and a decrease in the oxygen content in the air. In people on such days, oxygen deficiency appears and worsens. In the course of historical development, man has adapted to a certain rhythm of life, conditioned by rhythmic changes in the natural environment and the energetic dynamics of metabolic processes. Currently, many rhythmic processes in the body are known, called biorhythms. These include the rhythms of the heart, respiration, and bioelectric activity of the brain. Our whole life is a constant change of rest and vigorous activity, sleep and wakefulness, fatigue from prolonged work and rest. In the body of every person, like the ebb and flow of the sea, a great rhythm eternally reigns, arising from the connection of life phenomena with the rhythm of the Universe and symbolizing the unity of the world. The central place among all rhythmic processes is occupied by circadian rhythms having greatest value for the body. The body's response to any impact depends on the phase of the diurnal rhythm (that is, on the time of day). This knowledge caused the development of new directions in medicine - chronodiagnostics, chronotherapy, chronopharmology. They are based on the proposition that the same remedy at different hours of the day has a different, sometimes directly opposite effect on the body. Therefore, in order to obtain a greater effect, it is important to indicate not only the dose, but also the exact time of taking the medications. It turned out that the study of changes in circadian rhythms makes it possible to identify the occurrence of some diseases at the earliest stages. They proceed differently (good or bad) at different times of the year, in different countries and living conditions. The human body, as a rule, is influenced not by one isolated factor, but by their combination, and the main effect is exerted not by ordinary fluctuations in climatic conditions, but mainly by their sudden changes. For any living organism, certain rhythms of vital activity of various frequencies have been established. Diseases associated with weather conditions include primarily overheating and hypothermia. Overheating and heatstrokes occur in summer in hot, windless weather. Influenza, colds, upper catarrh respiratory tract, as a rule, occur in the autumn - winter period of the year. Some physical factors (atmospheric pressure, humidity, air movement, oxygen concentration, the degree of disturbance of the Earth's magnetic field, the level of atmospheric pollution) have not only a direct effect on the human body. Separately or in combination, they can aggravate the course of existing diseases, prepare certain conditions for the reproduction of pathogens of infectious diseases. So, in the cold season, due to the extreme variability of the weather, cardiovascular diseases - hypertension, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction - are exacerbated. Intestinal infections(typhoid fever, dysentery) affect people in the hot season. Children under one year old have the most big number pneumonia is recorded in January - April. The vascular system is most sensitive to temperature fluctuations, because it is through the narrowing or expansion of blood vessels that the body carries out thermoregulation and maintains its constant temperature. Therefore, if the regulation of these processes is disturbed due to excessive vasospasm in the cold, people suffering from arterial hypertension or hypotension, coronary heart disease may experience headaches, pain in the heart, fluctuations blood pressure... Heat can also significantly disrupt the normal course of biological processes, leading to a decrease in blood pressure, dehydration, and deterioration of blood supply to many organs.

Light is one of the most significant factors affecting biological cycles. So, familiar to many, mood swings, feelings of depression, apathy are associated not so much with bad autumn or winter weather, but with a lack of light. Moreover, the body can easily distinguish between natural sunlight and artificial lighting, since they have differences in spectral composition. Retinal receptors react to light stimuli and send signals to the central nervous system- to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus, through hormonal, nervous regulation, carries out seasonal restructuring and adaptation of the body. However, in such a "perestroika" period, the body is extremely vulnerable to action various factors external environment. Great value in the synchronization of biorhythms, depending on the illumination, belongs to the pineal gland, which is located in the brain. Thanks to the photoreceptors of the pineal gland, even blind people at the level of biorhythms catch the change of day and night. The pineal gland produces whole line biologically active substances, which are involved in the regulation of immunity, puberty and extinction (menopause), menstrual function, water-salt metabolism, pigmentation processes, aging of the body, synchronization of sleep and wakefulness cycles. According to some reports, it is the adverse effect on the pineal gland, which is exerted by many environmental factors, that underlies desynchronosis and meteopathy.

Most of the physical factors of the external environment, in interaction with which the human body has evolved, are of an electromagnetic nature. It is well known that near fast flowing water the air refreshes and invigorates. It contains a lot of negative ions. For the same reason, we find the air clean and refreshing after a thunderstorm.

On the contrary, the air in confined spaces with an abundance of all kinds of electromagnetic devices is saturated with positive ions. Even a relatively short stay in such a room leads to lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness and headaches. A similar picture is observed in windy weather, on dusty and humid days. Experts in the field of environmental medicine believe that negative ions have a positive effect on human health, and positive ions negatively.

Magnetic storms. Electromagnetic vibrations caused by a change in the geomagnetic background in response to increased solar activity, as well as low-frequency sound vibrations that occur when cyclones pass, often cause biorhythms to fail, especially those that are close to them in frequency (usually mid-frequency biorhythms). This is the so-called phenomenon of forced synchronization, which disrupts the normal course of biological processes and causes a deterioration in well-being. In this case, there may be changes in blood pressure, disturbances in the rhythm of the heart, difficulty breathing in chronic diseases of the respiratory system, etc. It was found that fluctuations in the Earth's magnetic field, captured by receptors on the walls of large blood vessels lead to significant changes in the vascular system. During magnetic storms, a spasm of blood vessels develops, blood flow slows down in small vessels, blood viscosity increases, the tendency to form blood clots increases, the blood supply to many vital organs deteriorates, and the amount of stress hormones in the blood increases significantly. It is not for nothing that on the days of magnetic storms the number of heart attacks and strokes sharply increases, sudden deaths... Besides, electromagnetic fields negatively affect the pineal gland - one of the main regulators and synchronizers of human biorhythms.

High humidity usually accompanied by a sharp decrease in oxygen in the air. This significantly impairs the well-being of patients with chronic diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. High humidity is poorly tolerated by people with diseases of the musculoskeletal system. However, even relatively healthy people may experience symptoms of oxygen deficiency (hypoxia): weakness, increased fatigue, slight lightheadedness. High humidity and temperature intensify the adverse effect of each other - in such conditions heat transfer is significantly hampered, which can cause heat strokes and other serious disorders in the body.

The wind associated with the movement of atmospheric masses usually brings with it a change in weather. Therefore, on windy days, there is often a deterioration in health in people suffering from chronic diseases. People with mental disorders are also very sensitive to the wind, in whom windy weather can increase the feeling of anxiety, causeless melancholy, anxiety.

Changes in atmospheric pressure cause fluctuations in blood pressure, change the electrical resistance of the skin. At low atmospheric pressure, the pressure in the hollow organs increases. gastrointestinal tract(stomach, intestines), which can cause disruption of their work. With such processes, the level of standing of the diaphragm increases, which complicates the work of the heart and lungs. At elevated atmospheric pressure, the well-being of patients with arterial hypertension often worsens.

Among climatic factors, a large biological significance has a short-wavelength part of the solar spectrum - ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (wavelength 295-400 nm). The territory of the Russian Federation, on the basis of long-term studies of the UV regime of its hygienic significance, is divided into a number of zones in accordance with the level of UVI coming to the surface of the earth. Zones of UV - deficiency are located north of 57.5 N. A person needs to receive at least 45 "portions of the sun" in a year, i.e. erythemal doses of UVR. The further north the area is located, the more time you have to spend in order to gain this rate. Ultraviolet irradiation is a prerequisite for normal human life. It destroys microorganisms on the skin, prevents rickets, normalizes the metabolism of minerals, increases the body's resistance to infectious diseases and other diseases. Special observations have established that children who received a sufficient amount of ultraviolet radiation are ten times less susceptible to colds than children who did not receive enough ultraviolet radiation. With a lack of ultraviolet irradiation, phosphorus-calcium metabolism is disturbed, the body's sensitivity to infectious diseases and colds increases, functional disorders of the central nervous system occur, some chronic diseases are exacerbated, general physiological activity decreases, and, consequently, human performance. Children are especially sensitive to "light hunger", in whom it leads to the development of vitamin D deficiency (rickets).

In people with disorders of the functions of the nervous autonomic system or chronic diseases, it is difficult to adapt to changing weather factors. Some patients are so sensitive to weather changes that they can serve as a kind of biological barometers that accurately predict the weather. Research conducted by the Siberian branch of the Academy Medical Sciences The RF showed that 60 - 65% of those suffering from cardiovascular diseases are sensitive to fluctuations in weather factors, especially in spring and autumn, with significant fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, air temperature and changes in the Earth's geomagnetic field. When air fronts invade, causing a contrasting change in the weather, crises are more often observed with hypertension, the condition of patients with atherosclerosis of the cerebral vessels worsens, and cardiovascular accidents grow. In the era of urbanization and industrialization, people spend most of their lives indoors. The longer the body is isolated from external climatic factors and is in comfortable or subcomfortable conditions of the microclimate of the room, the more its adaptive reactions to constantly changing weather parameters decrease, including the weakening of thermoregulation processes. As a result, the dynamic balance between the human body and external environment, complications arise in people with cardiovascular pathology - crises, myocardial infarction, cerebral strokes. Therefore, it is necessary to organize a modern medical weather forecast as a method for preventing cardiovascular accidents. Organized in some geographic zones of Russia, medical and meteorological forecasting shows that medical and preventive measures on days with unfavorable types of weather sharply reduce the number of meteotropic reactions in cardiovascular patients. Carried out in various climatic zones Russian studies on adaptation of the organism to unfavorable conditions environment allowed to develop a system for calculating and assessing weather conditions, taking into account seasonal fluctuations and variability of the main heliometeorological factors. The nature and reliability of the correlations characterizing the meteotropic reactions of the human body have been established.

Nature has taken care of well adapting the human body to the environment and fluctuations in its conditions - periodic (for example, daily, seasonal) and episodic (occurring from time to time without any strict pattern). Each person has a certain "margin of safety", that is, the ability to painlessly tolerate up to certain limits changes in temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure, intensity of natural and artificial radiation, blowing air flow(by the wind), the gas composition of the air we breathe, etc.

However, the "margin of safety" for different people far from the same: it depends on gender, age, health, fitness and other factors. To determine if there is any relationship between the well-being of people and the absolute value of atmospheric air pressure, as well as changes in pressure, I conducted a survey among my acquaintances. The survey participants were asked to answer the following questions (answer options are indicated in brackets).

1. What is your gender? ("male", "female")

2. What is your age? ("under 20", "21-30", "31-40", "41-50", "over 50")

3. Do you have high or low blood pressure more often? ("not selected (healthy)", "lowered", "high")

4. How do you feel now? ("very bad", "worse than usual", "normal", "feeling great")

5. Do you tend to correlate well-being with changes in the weather? ("I find it difficult to answer", "they do not depend on each other", "most likely this is so", "definitely, there is a relationship")

During the survey, data on the well-being of 16 respondents were processed.

Fig. 1 - Survey participants

Fig. 2 - Age distribution of survey participants

When answering the third question (about the respondents' predisposition to have deviations from normal blood pressure), the following tendency emerged (Fig. 3). 40% have high blood pressure, 60% are healthy (these are schoolchildren)

Fig. 3 - Exposure of men and women to hypertension and hypotension

When answering the question whether there is any relationship between a person's well-being and air pressure, everyone without exception recognizes its existence, but only 20% feel worse at the moment.

Figure 5 - Is there a relationship between well-being and atmospheric pressure? (the numbers of answer options are plotted on the horizontal axis)
1. I am at a loss to answer
2. They are independent of each other
3. Most likely it is.
4. Definitely, there is a relationship

When I analyzed the numbers and built these histograms, a suspicious feeling began to creep in that people practically do not care, high or low blood pressure, as long as it does not fluctuate much. What are the ways to improve human health in the presence of meteorological dependence? The main factors on which human health depends: climate, movement and nutrition. People suffering from any ailment, first of all, should be engaged in its treatment. Everyone else can use some guidelines. So, with reactions of a spastic type, the so-called "distraction therapy" helps well - hot foot baths, a contrast shower, gymnastics. This is a very effective measure. People whose torment begins when cyclones approach from sharp warming, you can recommend physical exercises that contribute to the saturation of the body with oxygen: walking, running, skiing, breathing exercises, cold rubdowns. Coniferous baths are effective. They are easy to make from pine extract at home. Duration - 10-15 minutes, water temperature - 35-37 ° С, course of treatment - 12-15 procedures. People with low blood pressure can also be helped by multivitamins, infusions of stimulating herbs - lemongrass, Eleutherococcus, etc., as well as strong brewed tea. They should eat foods high in potassium: raisins, apricots, dried apricots, bananas, potatoes, better baked or boiled in their skins; do not overload yourself and do not plan important meetings as possible; are more out in the air. When it goes warm front and the oxygen regime of the air worsens, it is advisable to eat foods containing ascorbic acid, potassium, calcium, iron - fish, milk, fruits. People with high blood pressure during sudden changes in weather need to limit the amount of salt and fluids, physical and emotional stress should be avoided. During the day, massage the neck and shoulder girdle 2-3 times for 10-15 minutes (stroking the skin with both hands - from the neck to the shoulders). Follow the weather forecast, make plans for the day according to the meteorological situation, try to get enough sleep and not overwork. With meteopathy, the intensity of enzymes slows down, which means that food is digested more slowly. In unfavorable periods, it is necessary to give a little rest to the stomach and reduce the amount of calories consumed to 1200-1500 per day.

So, the basis of the treatment of meteorological dependence is a healthy lifestyle. It is the simple, well-known, recommendations for observing the daily routine, work and rest, principles rational nutrition, regular moderate physical activity, hardening, etc. significantly increase the adaptive properties of the body and reduce painful dependence on the vagaries of the weather.

Conclusion

The state of health of the vast majority of people does not depend in any way on atmospheric pressure (provided there is a slight fluctuation). Since only a change in pressure can affect the body, it must necessarily respond to sudden changes external conditions... Changes in the weather do not affect the well-being of different people in the same way. In a healthy person, when the weather changes, the physiological processes in the body are timely adjusted to the changed environmental conditions. As a result, the protective reaction is enhanced, and healthy people practically do not feel negative influence weather. In a sick person, adaptive reactions are weakened, so the body loses its ability to quickly adapt. The influence of weather conditions on a person's well-being is also associated with age and individual susceptibility of the organism. Scientists have made definitive conclusions about how the weather can affect a person's physical and mental health. So, alone weather conditions affect our weight, and others can even cause paralysis.
Experts from the Scottish city of Aberdeen have established exactly what effect various weather freaks have on a person.
It turns out that the rain is the most difficult for people trying to lose weight. Most often it is in rainy weather the person starts to dial excess weight... Too hot weather increases the risk of suicide. Sudden, sudden cold snap can cause paralysis facial nerve as well as increase the risk heart attack... The headache often appears against the backdrop of a thunderstorm. This natural phenomenon also increases the risk of developing asthma.
Those who often have ear problems, as well as metabolic disorders, need to be especially careful in wet weather. But strong gusts of wind reduce stress resistance and contribute to the development of migraines.
But not all weather events negatively affect our health. There is good news too! Sunny weather lowers the risk of all cancers except skin cancer. Sharp weather fluctuations create aggravating conditions for the initially existing pathological process. Weather factors only intensify the signs of the disease or provoke their appearance. Therefore, for example, in those suffering from hypertension, unfavorable weather causes hypertensive crises, in patients with bronchial asthma - asthma attacks, in those suffering from rheumatism - pain in the joints. Wherein specific manifestations for each disease depend not only on the intensity of the impact of meteorological factors, but also on how much the body retains the mechanisms of adaptation in specific organs and systems, their adaptive "flexibility", reactivity, fitness.

Analyzing the results obtained, I can say with confidence that people have weather dependence. I understood the reasons for many of my ailments associated with weather changes and I think the most important means of combating weather dependence is correct image life.

Regularly doing light exercise, especially walking, jogging, swimming, skiing or cycling, addiction unfavorable days weakens significantly. In the same way, hardening procedures are important - rubbing or dousing, activating biorhythms. The most important rule is that on such days it is impossible to overload the body, the period of its wakefulness, activity should be less than the rest period, otherwise the body will not cope with the restoration of itself. Proper nutrition, healthy sleep, communication with nature will help to cope with the problem of weather dependence.

List of used literature:

1. Astapenko P.D. Questions about the weather: (what we know about it and what we don’t know), L. Gidrometeoizdat, 1986

2. Denisova V. Ecology textbook for universities. Rostov-on-Don., 2002

3. Isaeva LA, Children's diseases. Moscow: Medicine, 1987

4. Mizun Yu.G. , Khasulin V.I. Our health and magnetic storms M. Knowledge 1991

5. P. Nikitin, Yu.V. Novikov. "Human environment". "Higher School" Moscow 1980

6. Internet materials

How meteorological conditions affect the body depends on its adaptive abilities: someone reacts to them, someone does not notice at all, but there are those who, according to their well-being, can predict the weather. It is believed that people with an unbalanced nervous system - melancholic and choleric people - are especially susceptible to weather dependence. In sanguine and phlegmatic people, it most often manifests itself either against the background of a weakened immune system, or with a chronic disease. However, meteosensitivity as a diagnosis is characteristic just for those who already suffer from some kind of disease. As a rule, these are pathologies of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, diseases of the nervous system, rheumatoid arthritis.

What weather factors affect our well-being? The head of the neurology department of the 122nd clinical hospital, Professor Alexander Yelchaninov, refers to the most significant meteotropic factors as air temperature, humidity, wind speed and barometric (atmospheric) pressure. The human body is also influenced by heliophysical factors - magnetic fields.

Air temperature

It has the most noticeable effect on human well-being in combination with air humidity. The most comfortable is the combination of temperature 18-20C ° and humidity 40-60%. At the same time, fluctuations in air temperature in the range of 1-10 ° C are considered favorable, 10-15 ° C - unfavorable, and above 15 ° C - very unfavorable. - explains Professor Elchaninov. - Comfortable temperature for sleeping - from 16 ° C to 18 ° C.

The oxygen content in the air directly depends on the air temperature. When it gets cold, it is saturated with oxygen, and when it gets warmer, on the contrary, it becomes thinner. Typically in hot weather the atmospheric pressure also decreases, and as a result, those suffering from diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems feel bad.

If on the background high pressure the air temperature drops and is accompanied by cold rains, it is especially difficult for hypertensive patients, asthmatics, people with kidney and cholelithiasis. Sudden changes in temperature (8-10 ° C per day) are dangerous for allergy sufferers and asthmatics.

Extreme temperatures

According to the director of the State Research Center for Preventive Medicine Sergei Boytsov, in case of abnormal heat, people with a normal thermoregulation mechanism, in which the cardiovascular system is actively involved, increases blood circulation directly under the skin, feel best. But if the air temperature exceeds 38 degrees, it no longer saves: the external temperature becomes higher than the internal temperature, there is a risk of thrombus formation against the background of centralization of blood flow and blood clotting. Therefore, in the heat, there is a great risk of stroke. Doctors advise in case of abnormal heat to stay in a room with an air conditioner or at least a fan as much as possible, to avoid the sun and unnecessary physical exertion. The rest of the recommendations depend on the state of health of the person.

An anticyclone is an elevated atmospheric pressure, which brings with it calm, clear weather, without sudden changes in temperature and humidity.

A cyclone is a reduced atmospheric pressure, which is accompanied by cloudiness, high humidity, precipitation and an increase in air temperature.

In extreme frosty weather, the body can be hypothermic due to increased heat transfer. The combination of low temperature with high humidity and high air velocity is especially dangerous. Moreover, due to reflex mechanisms, the sensation of cold arises not only in the area of ​​its influence, but also in parts of the body that seem to be far from it. So, if your feet are frozen, your nose will inevitably freeze, a feeling of cold will arise in your throat, as a result of which ARVI and diseases of ENT organs develop. In addition, if you are frozen, say, waiting for public transport, another reflex mechanism is activated, in which there is a spasm of the kidney vessels, circulatory disorders, and a decrease in immunity are also possible. As a rule, extremely low temperatures cause spastic-type reactions. Any procedures and actions that increase blood circulation help to cope with them: gymnastics, hot foot baths, a sauna, a bath, a contrast shower.

Air humidity

At high temperatures, air humidity (air saturation with water vapor) decreases, and in rainy weather it can reach 80-90%. During the heating season, the air humidity in our apartments drops to 15-20% (for comparison: in the Sahara Desert the humidity is 25%). Often it is the dryness of the home air, and not the high humidity outside, that becomes the reason for the tendency to colds: the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx dry out, reducing its protective functions, which makes it easy for respiratory viruses to "take root". To avoid increased dryness in the nasopharynx, allergy sufferers and often suffering from ENT diseases, it is recommended to rinse with a solution of slightly salted or non-carbonated mineral water.

With high humidity, people suffering from diseases of the respiratory tract, joints and kidneys are more likely to get sick, especially if the humidity is accompanied by a cold snap.

Fluctuations in moisture indicators from 5 to 20% are assessed as more or less favorable for the body, and from 20 to 30% - as unfavorable.

Wind

Air speed - the wind is perceived by us as comfortable or uncomfortable, depending on the humidity and air temperature. So, in the thermal comfort zone (17-27C °) with a quiet and light wind (1-4 m / s), a person feels good. However, as soon as the temperature rises, he will experience a similar sensation if the air movement becomes faster. Conversely, for low temperatures high speed wind enhances the feeling of cold. Both mountain-valley wind and other wind regimes (breeze, hair dryer) have a daily period. The importance have day-to-day fluctuations in the wind regime: the difference in air speed within 0.7 m / s is favorable, and 8-17 m / s is unfavorable.

Atmosphere pressure

Meteosensitive people believe that atmospheric pressure plays a major role in their response to the weather. This is so and not so. Because it basically affects our body in combination with others. natural phenomena... It is generally accepted that a meteorological state is observed at an atmospheric pressure of about 1013 mbar, that is, 760 mm Hg. Art., - says Professor Alexander Elchaninov.

If, with a decrease in atmospheric pressure, the oxygen content in the atmosphere drops sharply, humidity and temperature increase, a person's blood pressure drops and the blood flow rate decreases, as a result, breathing becomes difficult, heaviness appears in the head, and the work of the cardiovascular system is disrupted. When atmospheric pressure drops, hypotonic people feel worst of all, which is manifested by pronounced pastiness (swelling) of tissues, tachycardia, tachypnea (rapid breathing), that is, symptoms characterizing the deepening of hypoxia (oxygen starvation) caused by low atmospheric pressure. For hypertensive patients, such weather improves their well-being: blood pressure decreases and only with increasing hypoxia do drowsiness, fatigue, shortness of breath, ischemic heart pains appear, that is, the same symptoms that hypotensive patients experience immediately in such weather. When the temperature decreases with an increase in atmospheric pressure, the oxygen content in the air increases, hypertensive patients feel bad, because their blood pressure rises and the blood flow rate increases. Hypotonic people live well in such weather, they feel a surge of strength.

Solar Activity

We are children of the sun, if it were not there, there would be no life. Thanks to the notorious solar wind and changes in solar activity change the Earth's magnetic field, the permeability of the ozone layer, the standards of meteorological conditions. It is the sun that affects the cyclicality of the human body, which works in accordance with the seasons. We have an innate need for a certain amount of sunlight, sunlight and warmth. It is not for nothing that with a short winter daylight hours, almost everyone suffers from hyposolar syndrome: increased drowsiness, fatigue, depression, apathy, decreased performance and attention. We can say that the number of sunny days per year for the body is much more important than a change in, say, atmospheric pressure. Therefore, residents of coastal, for example, Mediterranean countries, or highlands, live more comfortably than Petersburgers or polar explorers.

Weather in the house

We cannot influence the weather conditions. But we can reduce the health risks associated with the influence of the external environment. The main thing to remember is that meteosensitivity does not manifest itself as an independent problem, it is like a car after a steam locomotive, it follows a certain disease, most often chronic. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to identify and treat it. In the event of an exacerbation of the disease against the background of bad weather, you should take medications prescribed by a doctor for the underlying pathology (migraine, vascular dystonia, panic attacks, neuroses and neurasthenia). And besides, in accordance with the weather forecast, you need to develop certain rules of behavior for yourself. For example, "cores" react sharply to high humidity and the approach of a thunderstorm, which means that on such days it is necessary to avoid physical exertion and be sure to take medications prescribed by a doctor.

• Anyone who changes their state of health when climatic conditions change, it is important to treat their health more carefully on such days: do not overwork, get enough sleep, avoid drinking alcohol, as well as physical exertion. Postpone, for example, jogging every morning, otherwise, say, in hot weather, you can run away from a heart attack and resort to a stroke. Any emotional and physical stress in bad weather conditions is stress that can lead to failures of autonomic regulation, heart rhythm disturbances, surges in blood pressure, exacerbation of chronic diseases.
• Monitor barometric pressure to understand how to control blood pressure. For example, at low atmospheric hypertensive patients it is necessary to reduce the intake of drugs that lower blood pressure, and for hypotonic patients - take adaptogens (ginseng, eleutherococcus, lemongrass), drink coffee. And in general, it should be remembered that in summer, in warm and hot weather, there is a redistribution of blood from the internal organs to skin therefore blood pressure is lower in summer than in winter.
• Residents of St. Petersburg, like any other metropolis, spend most of their lives indoors. And the more time we “hide” in comfort from external climatic factors, the more the balance between the human body and the external environment is disturbed, and its adaptive capabilities decrease. We need to increase the body's resistance to adverse weather changes. Therefore, if there are no contraindications, train the autonomic nervous and cardiovascular systems. A contrast or cold shower, a Russian bath, a sauna, walking tours, better before bedtime will help you with this.
• Organize physical activity for yourself - they increase blood pressure, decrease the level of oxygen in tissues, increase metabolism, heat generation and heat transfer. They train well cardiovascular and respiratory system brisk walking for 1 hour, easy running, swimming. Trained people can easily tolerate changes in the weather, which have a similar effect on the body.
• It is recommended to sleep with the window open. Moreover, sleep should be sufficient - when you wake up, you should feel that you have slept well.
• Monitor the level of humidity and artificial light in the apartment.
• Dress according to the weather to keep your body comfortable in all weather conditions.
• If you notice that you feel dependent on the weather, forget about traveling to distant countries "from winter to summer" or "from summer to winter." Disruption of seasonal adaptation is dangerous even for those who are practically healthy.

Irina Dontsova

Dr. Peter

The atmosphere is an important component of the normal existence of living organisms on planet Earth. Healthy people are not sensitive to weather conditions, and in the presence of various diseases, they can feel the unpleasant effects of weather fluctuations. By understanding how atmospheric pressure affects a person, you will learn how to prevent deterioration in well-being due to weather changes, no matter how high or low your blood pressure (BP) is.

What is atmospheric pressure

This is the air pressure of the atmosphere on the surface of the planet and on all surrounding objects. Due to the sun, air masses are constantly moving, this movement is felt in the form of wind. It transfers moisture from water bodies to land, forming precipitation (rain, snow or hail). This was of great importance in ancient times, when people predicted changes in weather and precipitation, based on their feelings.

The norm of atmospheric pressure for a person

This is a conventional concept adopted for indicators: latitude 45 ° and zero temperature. Under such conditions, 1 square centimeter of all surfaces of the planet is pressed by the weight of air a little more than one ton. The mass is balanced with a mercury column, the height of which is 760 mm (comfortable for a person). According to the calculations of scientists, about 14-19 tons of air acts on the flora and fauna of the Earth, which can crush all living things. However, organisms have their own internal pressure, as a result, both indicators equalize and make life possible on the planet.

What atmospheric pressure is considered high

If the air compression is above 760 mm. rt. Art., it is considered high. Depending on the territorial location, air masses can exert pressure in different ways. In mountain ranges, the air is more rarefied, in hot layers of the atmosphere it presses more strongly, in cold layers, on the contrary, less. During the day, the indicators of the mercury column change several times, as well as the well-being of meteorological people.

Dependence of blood pressure on atmospheric

The pressure level of the atmosphere changes due to the territory, proximity to the equator, other geographic features terrain. In the warm season (when the air is warmed up), it is minimal; in winter, when temperatures drop, the air becomes heavier and pressures as much as possible. People quickly adapt if the weather is stable for a long time. but abrupt change climatic conditions directly affect a person, and in the presence of high sensitivity to temperature extremes, the state of health worsens.

What does atmospheric pressure affect?

Healthy people with changes in weather conditions may feel weak, and patients suddenly feel changes in the state of the body. Chronic cardiovascular diseases will worsen. The influence of atmospheric pressure on human blood pressure is great. This is reflected in the condition of people with diseases of the circulatory system (arterial hypertension, arrhythmia and angina pectoris) and the following pathologies of the body systems:

• Nervous and organic mental disorders (schizophrenia, psychosis of various etiologies) in remission. When the weather changes, an aggravation occurs.
• Diseases of the musculoskeletal system (arthritis, arthrosis, hernias and chronic fractures, osteochondrosis) are manifested by discomfort, aching pain in the joints or bones.

At-risk groups

Basically, this group includes people with chronic diseases and the elderly with age-related changes in health. The risk of weather dependence increases in the presence of the following pathologies:

• Respiratory diseases (pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma). Sharp exacerbations occur.
• Damage to the central nervous system (stroke). The risk of re-damage to the brain is high.
• Arterial hypertension or hypotension. Possible hypertensive crisis with the development of myocardial infarction and stroke.
• Vascular disease (arterial atherosclerosis). Atherosclerotic plaques can break off the walls, causing thrombosis and thromboembolism.

How high atmospheric pressure affects a person

People who live for a long time in a region with certain landscape features can feel comfortable even in an area with high blood pressure (769-781 mm Hg). They are observed at low humidity and temperature, clear, sunny, calm weather. Hypotonics tolerate this much easier, but feel weak. High atmospheric pressure for hypertensive patients - ordeal... The effect of the anticyclone is manifested in the disruption of the normal life of people (sleep changes, physical activity decreases).

How does low atmospheric pressure affect a person?

If the mercury column shows a mark of 733-741 mm (a reduced indicator), the air contains less oxygen. Such conditions are observed during a cyclone, with an increase in humidity and temperature, high clouds rise, and precipitation falls. In such weather, people with respiratory problems, hypotension suffer. They experience weakness and shortness of breath due to oxygen deficiency. Sometimes these people have increased intracranial pressure and headaches.

Effect on hypertensive patients

With an increased pressure of the atmosphere, the weather is clear, calm, and the air contains a large amount of harmful impurities (due to environmental pollution). For hypertensive patients, this "air cocktail" is very dangerous, and the manifestations can be different. Clinical symptoms:

• heartache;
• irritability;
• dysfunction of the vitreous body (flies, black dots, floating bodies in the eyes);
• sharp throbbing migraine-type headache;
• decreased mental alertness;
• redness of the skin of the face;
• tachycardia;
• noise in ears;
• increased systolic (upper) blood pressure (up to 200-220 mm Hg);
• the number of leukocytes in the blood increases.

Low atmospheric pressure does not have a big effect on hypertensive patients. Air masses at the same time, they are saturated with a large amount of oxygen, which has a beneficial effect on the work of the heart and blood vessels. Doctors advise patients with hypertension to ventilate the room more often so that there is a good flow of fresh air and as little carbon dioxide as possible (in a stuffy room it exceeds the norm).

How to protect yourself

Completely eliminate the influence of the atmosphere on daily life does not seem possible. The weather is unpredictable every day, so you need to know everything about your health, take measures to alleviate the condition. Activities required for hypotensive patients:

• sleep well;
• take a contrast shower (changing the temperature of the water from warm to cool and vice versa);
• drink strong tea or natural coffee;
• temper the body;
• consume more pure water;
• walk for a long time in the fresh air;
• take natural drugs that strengthen the immune system.

The pressure of the atmosphere has a greater effect on hypertensive patients. They can usually immediately sense the impending change in weather conditions. To reduce dependence on such drops, hypertensive patients need:

• do not be in the open sun;
• avoid overheating;
• exclude foods containing a large amount of caffeine from the diet; fatty foods;
• reduce daily physical activity;
• rest more;
• be sure to control blood pressure;
• take antihypertensive drugs.

Video

Effects of weather on health

How often do we blame the weather for a bad mood, poor health, unwillingness to do anything and other troubles. But is it really possible that weather conditions can so actively affect the state of our health, and what, in fact, is it - meteorological dependence?

Atmosphere pressure
For a person to feel comfortable, atmospheric pressure should be 750 mm Hg, if this value deviates even by only 10-15 points, the human body reacts with a deterioration in well-being.

Cyclone

A cyclone is a reduced atmospheric pressure, which is accompanied by cloudiness, high humidity, precipitation and an increase in air temperature.

Who is affected by the cyclone?

Cyclone is dangerous for people suffering from low blood pressure, for those who have problems with the heart and blood vessels, as well as impaired respiratory function.

The negative effect of the cyclone manifests itself in a feeling of general weakness, shortness of breath, lack of air, and shortness of breath. The fact is that on such days the air is depleted in oxygen. And people who have increased intracranial pressure may suffer from migraines. With the arrival of the cyclone, the condition of the gastrointestinal tract also deteriorates, in which discomfort is associated with stretching of the intestinal walls due to increased gas production.

How to alleviate the impact of a cyclone?

The most important thing is to keep your blood pressure at an acceptable level by drinking. more water(2 glasses more than usual). A morning cup of coffee, taking tinctures of eleutherococcus, lemongrass, pantocrine or ginseng will benefit. A contrast shower and sound prolonged sleep will ease the condition.

Anticyclone

An anticyclone is an elevated atmospheric pressure, which brings with it calm, clear weather, without sudden changes in temperature and humidity.

Who is affected by the anticyclone?

The risk group includes people with high blood pressure, asthmatics and allergy sufferers who suffer from the fact that the city air is saturated with harmful impurities, which are especially abundant in calm weather.

The effect of the anticyclone is characterized by pain in the heart, headaches and malaise, which contributes to a decrease in performance and general well-being... High blood pressure negatively affects character and can cause sexual dysfunction in men. Under the influence of the anticyclone, immunity weakens, the number of leukocytes in the blood decreases and the body becomes susceptible to infections.

How can the influence of the anticyclone be alleviated?

In the morning, it is advisable to take a contrast shower, perform several morning exercises, do not overeat during the day, giving preference to bananas, rich in potassium, raisins, you can take vitamin E. With increased intracranial pressure, it is important to follow the recommendations of a neurologist.

In case of pressure drops, it is not recommended to start any important business, so as not to overload the immune and nervous system of the body. But if it is impossible to completely abandon the loads, then you need to at least minimize them and be prepared for the fact that the state of health may not be the best.

The danger for a person lies not only in the atmospheric, but also in his own blood pressure, because often high blood pressure has absolutely no manifestations. A person may not even be aware of the problem of high blood pressure, putting themselves at risk of a stroke or heart attack. Therefore, it is very important to regularly measure blood pressure in order to prevent the development of unpleasant diseases, you also need to be careful about your weight.

It is important to know that the optimal blood pressure indicators are numbers - 120/80, pressure 130/85 is considered normal. Normal high rates are 130/85 and 139/89, and normal low rates are 100/60.

It is also important to measure your blood pressure correctly, especially when feeling unwell during weather changes and take into account that in the cold the result will be overestimated, therefore it is best to take measurements at room temperature(20 ° C). The results will be overestimated immediately after smoking, drinking alcohol or tea and coffee, under stress, after physical exertion, taking a shower or bath, and also if during the measurement you cross your legs, sit "in a Turkish style" or bend your back ...

Reduced air humidity

If the air humidity is low, then it is 30-40%. And dry air irritates the nasal mucosa, which prevents harmful microbes from entering the body during breathing. Allergy sufferers are at particular risk, for whom, in order to avoid increased dryness in the nasopharynx, it is recommended to rinse with a solution of slightly salted or non-carbonated mineral water.

High air humidity

At a large number precipitation humidity can reach 80-90%. Such weather is typical for subtropical zones, in Russia - the cities of Sochi and Vladivostok.

The risk group is made up of people with respiratory diseases, for whom spring is especially dangerous due to melting snow. High humidity is often accompanied by frequent changes in weather conditions, when the risk of hypothermia and colds is especially high. High humidity can cause exacerbation inflammatory processes joints and kidneys. With high humidity combined with high air temperatures, it is better to limit outdoor exposure.

Temperature

The most comfortable air temperature is considered to be from 16 to 18 degrees. The same value is recommended for night sleep and should be maintained in the bedroom.

Sharp changes in temperature lead to a change in the oxygen content in the air: when it gets cold, it is saturated with oxygen, and when it gets warmer, on the contrary, it becomes impoverished. When in the background high temperature air pressure decreases, people with respiratory and cardiovascular disorders are at risk.

If, against the background of high pressure, the air temperature drops and is accompanied by cold rains, then hypertensive patients, asthmatics, people with kidney and cholelithiasis are especially difficult. With sharp changes in temperature (8-10 ° C per day) in the human body, histamine is released, provoking the appearance allergic reactions, sometimes even among those who have never suffered from them before. Trying to protect yourself from unwanted reactions, before a sharp cold snap Eat a light diet that is free of chocolate, citrus fruits, spices, and red wine.

Meteosensitivity - a disease or a natural state?

Healthy people hardly react to weather changes. But since when the weather changes in a healthy body, there are rapid changes in the blood formula, enzyme activity, hormone production, the heart rate, blood pressure and mood may change slightly. This is the body's defense reaction to changes in nature. Otherwise, healthy people do not notice the difference in their condition during meteorological cataclysms.

In medicine, dependence on the weather by the human body is divided into meteosensitivity, meteorological dependence and meteopathy.

Meteosensitive almost all the population of our planet can be named (statisticians call a figure of 75%). Such people react with discomfort to the manifestation of changes in the weather. It can be said about such a person that he is not yet sick, but is no longer healthy. That is, he is in a state of pre-illness. More often people with a weak and unbalanced character type (melancholic and choleric) suffer from meteosensitivity. Sanguine people - people of a strong balanced type can react to weather changes only when the body is weakened.

Meteo-dependent call people who react with changes in blood pressure, cardiogram, general malaise, etc.

Meteopathy- it's a disease. During changes in the weather, such patients do not leave pain in the region of the heart, shortness of breath, headaches and dizziness, noise in the head, neurasthenia, insomnia, weakness, aching joints and muscles, etc. This state requires drug treatment and constant medical supervision.

The problem of weather dependence is very serious. Because more and more chronic patients suffering from vascular diseases, during the so-called magnetic storms, end up in hospital beds and the number of heart attacks and strokes on such days is growing.

How can a person help himself to cope with changes in the weather without significant losses?
A healthy lifestyle, strengthening immunity will help nullify the body's reaction during unfavorable weather forecasts.

On ordinary days:

1. Regime of work and rest
2. Balanced diet
3. Sufficient night sleep in a cool room and a short day's rest
4. Physical activity training the respiratory and cardiovascular systems: swimming, walking (especially before bedtime)
5. Massage and self-massage
6. Hardening
7. Shower, medicinal baths
8. Walking in the air, but not in the sun

With a sharp change in weather:

1. Avoid overwork - if possible, you need to give up heavy physical and intellectual work
2. Eat in moderation
3. Try to avoid conflict situations
4. Take soothing herbal teas
5. Strictly adhere to the medication regimen prescribed by the doctor
6. Always have emergency equipment on hand

During the full moon period, oriental medicine advises, especially for hypertensive patients, to reduce physical activity.

Traditional medicine recipes for meteorological people:

Infusion of a mixture of herbs:

Hawthorn flowers - 4 parts
t. motherwort raves - 4 parts
... rose hips - 4 parts
... chamomile flowers - 1 part
... mint leaves - 1 part

Pour 1 tablespoon with one glass of boiling water, let it brew and drink like instead of tea 3 times a day.

Aromatherapy:

The scent of rosemary and lavender helps with anxiety
... The scent of lemon and eucalyptus will improve your mood

Take care of yourself and be attentive to changes in the body, mood and well-being.