97 percent. It is 97% of climate scientists who fully agree that the trend towards warming of the climate over the past century is mainly related to human activities. 97% is the equivalent of scientific consensus. In other words, it is a scientific fact. For example: other scientific facts are round and there is evolution. Climate change is a problem for humanity, the environment and animals. This is an urgent problem that urgently needs to be addressed.
What were the signs of climate change?
- Global increase in the temperature of the Earth's surface. Since 2001, 16 of the 17 hottest years have been recorded.
- Noticeable warming of the oceans.
- Melting arctic sea ice.
Disappearing Ice Landmarks: The snow cover on Mount Kilimanjaro in Japan is melting steadily.
- Sea level rise: Global sea level has risen by about 20 cm over the past hundred years.
Ocean Acidification: Acid levels have risen by 30% since the start of the Industrial Revolution.
- Extreme events: There has been a sharp increase in the number of devastating weather events.
Climate change and global warming should be alarming for many reasons; the main problems are related to the environment and human health, as well as the issue of survival. So how does climate change affect human health? Here are five serious ones.
1. Allergies and asthma
The number of asthmatics has doubled since 1980. Exactly so: a potentially life-threatening condition has doubled in just four decades. Higher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and higher surface temperatures increase the amount of pollen in the air. That is, the number of molecules in the pollen that provoke an allergic reaction increases in proportion to the level of CO2.
2. Heat waves
As mentioned, of the hottest 17 years ever recorded on the planet, 16 have been recorded since 2001. The very hot temperatures brought about by climate change absolutely threaten the lives of people and animals. By the way, one of the dangerous periods during a heat wave is the night when living beings are given a "break" from the scorching sunlight, which is necessary to lower body temperature and maintain health. However, nighttime temperatures have also increased and it is more difficult to cool off.
3. Drought
Droughts are long periods of rainlessness and are continually increasing in number, intensity, duration and magnitude (area of impact) around the world. Droughts provoke forest fires, destroying large areas of habitat of animals and people, and contribute to the spread. All this poses a threat to people and animals, but especially to animals, since their existence is completely dependent on water from precipitation and food on the surface.
4. Natural anomalies
Climate change has led to an increasing number of natural disasters: tornadoes, floods, droughts, forest fires - there are more and more of them. In winter, more rain falls than snow in the Northern Hemisphere, and then this precipitation becomes the cause of icy conditions. As a result, this leads to an increase in road accidents, power outages and injuries.
5. Destruction of crops, forests, marine life
With a warmer climate, pests and diseases that are destroying crops, forests and marine life have begun to feel more at ease. For example, they began to climb to heights (mountains) and cover an ever larger area of territories, invading previously resilient ecosystems. As a result, every living creature (animal, plant, tree, flower and fish) is threatened. Among other things, food crops are being destroyed. Perhaps these same pests will witness how homo sapiens, the smartest species of living things on the planet, slowly but purposefully destroy itself.
People are constantly under the influence of the microclimate of the area where they live. One and the same weather regime exerts a certain power on a person's working capacity and mood. Even if the final one is accustomed to one, the seasonal change in the weather still affects him to some extent.
Moreover, some individuals, who are scientifically called meteopaths, are very painful to perceive the changes taking place with the weather.
The microclimate itself includes several phenomena: a change in meteorological indicators, atmospheric electricity, clear radiation, landscape, etc. That is, this whole complex of factors has a certain effect on the body.
Influence of microclimate on human health
Individual elements affect a person in different ways. For example, a high ambient temperature provokes stretching of peripheral vessels, a decrease in blood pressure and the rate of metabolic processes, and there is a redivision of blood in the body.
But when the thermometer reads low, there is a contraction of peripheral vessels, an increase in pressure, an increase in pulse rate, an increase in blood flow and an increase in the rate of metabolic processes.
What is the result of environmental factors:
- The nervous system decreases its activity at high temperatures, while at low temperatures, on the contrary, excitability increases. Other body systems operate in a similar manner. They mainly depend on the reaction of metabolism, circulatory and nervous systems. However, it is necessary to consider the individual characteristics of the organism, as well as the degree, duration and speed of the temperature drop. A person's ability to acclimatize also plays a role: in some it is cooler, in others it is almost absent. In the process of life, people develop conditioned reflexes of thermoregulation, which in the future are responsible for the stability of the body to air temperature;
- Air humidity is also important. This factor affects heat transfer, which, accordingly, affects the thermoregulation of the body. The movement of cold air cools the body, hot air heats it up;
- At the same time, the wind irritates the thermoreceptors on the skin. Depending on the strength of this phenomenon, it can cause negative or correct emotions;
- If the height of the terrain above the sea level is 200 m and higher, then the barometric pressure indicators change, to which the body reacts by changing blood circulation and hyperventilation of the lungs. The higher the terrain, the more powerful the reaction of the body. This increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood. Being in an area with a pressure of 500-600 mm Hg. Art., low temperature, ultraviolet radiation provokes an acceleration of the metabolic process, which is occasionally quite effective in the presence of pathological processes. Traditionally healthy people do not react to small fluctuations in barometric pressure, but patients feel it as impossibly cool.
Seasonal fluctuations in the weather regime provoke a metamorphosis of physiological functions. The nervous system, metabolic processes, heat exchange, and endocrine glands react in a completely different way. A healthy person, due to adaptive physiological mechanisms, does not react to those, while the patient feels the changes keenly.
In the field of medicine, there are several types of microclimates that are capable of exerting a certain physiological power on the body, using all their components.
Changing the microclimate to the sea: health benefits
Such data suggest humidified, fresh, sea-salt-intensive air. The sea, its blue distance and slowly traveling waves invariably have a beneficial effect on the human nervous system.
The picturesque coast of the sea, especially the southern one, the reflected clear radiation, the absence of steep temperature drops - these factors normalize all body functions during the pathological process. The microclimate of the Crimea is a shining example. In addition, the processes of inhibition and excitability in the central nervous system are balanced.
Against the background of such conditions, different types of therapy have a greater effect on the course of metabolic and trophic processes. As a result, the pathological condition is eliminated. For example, the microclimate of the Crimea is impeccably suitable for health. At the same time, the trip will benefit not only the sick, but also absolutely healthy people - their adaptive functions will increase.
Change of microclimate to mountain: power for health
An exciting result appears when you are in a high mountainous area. This is facilitated by the low barometric pressure at great altitudes, steep drops in day and night temperatures, fresh air and landscape. The increased excitability of the nervous system stimulates metabolic processes.
Low blood pressure enhances the hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow. These phenomena can be attributed to favorable stimuli. Going to the mountains is recommended for those who need to stimulate sluggish pathological processes.
At the same time, an increase in the metabolic rate balances the nervous processes, which stimulates the immune system. As a result, the body strengthens the fight against existing diseases.
The impact of the microclimate of the temperate zone on human health
The conditions of the steppes and forests are characterized by insignificant temperature fluctuations, moderate and stable humidity. These factors are excellent training for the body of healthy people. Patients are also advised to visit such an area, because the local regime will not cause damage.
The middle lane is characterized by a distinct change of seasons - winter, spring, summer and autumn. A change in weather conditions is certainly accompanied by a change in physiological reactions. Ultraviolet radiation is happy here, weather data is stable.
This allows the microclimate to be used for people with quite different pathologies. It will have an exceptionally excellent effect on those who suffer from mental and vascular diseases.
Desert climate and health
Hot air, plains covered with modest vegetation, burning dusty soil - these factors inherent in the desert microclimate provoke an overstrain of adaptation reactions. For the patient, such an arrangement is not invariably favorable.
For example, persistent dry and hot weather leads to the task of profuse sweating and a person can lose up to 10 liters of fluid per day. However, this method of dehydration, flowing through the skin, is used to treat people suffering from kidney disease.
Climate and human health in northern latitudes
Monotonous plains, sometimes covered with forests, lakes, winter cold, short, warm, damp summers - these factors are inherent in northern areas. Being here will be a wonderful workout for the body, because there is a tempering effect.
With an increase in heat generation, the rate of metabolic processes increases, the regulatory nervous mechanisms of the respiratory and vascular systems are activated, and this, in turn, has a beneficial effect on physiological functions. It is recommended to be treated in these latitudes for many patients, exclusively for the elderly.
What microclimate is better for health
Moving from one zone to another activates the human body, evokes favorable emotions, but only on condition that he is healthy. Rest from work, everyday life, change of air, metamorphosis of other environmental factors - all this has a great effect on the physical and sensitive state.
If you combine new climatic data with healing procedures aimed at eliminating a specific pathology, then the healing process will go much faster. But the exception is, first of all, people suffering from pathologies of the heart and blood vessels. For them, a sharp change in conditions makes it difficult to adapt.
However, in most cases, a trip to resorts in the above-mentioned zones for rest or treatment helps to enhance the physiological reactions of the body.
The weather regime is widely used in every zone for treatment and general strengthening when carrying out appropriate measures.
People are constantly under the influence of the climate of the area where they live. One and the same weather regime has a certain effect on the performance and well-being of a person. Even if the latter is accustomed to one thing, the seasonal change in the weather still affects him to some extent.
Moreover, some individuals, who are scientifically called meteopaths, are very sensitive to the metamorphoses that occur with the weather.
The very concept of "climate" includes several phenomena: a change in meteorological indicators, atmospheric electricity, solar radiation, landscape, etc. That is, this whole complex of factors has a certain effect on the body.
Impact of climate on human health
Individual elements affect a person in different ways. For example, a high ambient temperature provokes the expansion of peripheral vessels, a decrease in blood pressure and the rate of metabolic processes, and a redistribution of blood in the body occurs.
But when the thermometer reads low, there is a contraction of peripheral vessels, an increase in pressure, an increase in pulse rate, an increase in blood flow and an increase in the rate of metabolic processes.
What is the effect of environmental factors:
- The nervous system at high temperatures lowers its activity, and at low temperatures, on the contrary, increases excitability. Other systems in the body work in a similar way. They mainly depend on the reaction of metabolism, circulatory and nervous systems. However, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the organism, as well as the degree, duration and speed of the temperature drop. A person's ability to acclimatize also plays a role: in some it is better, in others it is almost absent. In the process of life, people develop conditioned reflexes of thermoregulation, which in the future are responsible for the body's resistance to air temperature;
- Air humidity is also important. This factor affects heat transfer, which, accordingly, affects the thermoregulation of the body. The movement of cold air cools the body, hot air heats up;
- The wind irritates the thermoreceptors on the skin. Depending on the strength of this phenomenon, it can cause negative or positive emotions;
- If the height of the terrain above sea level is 200 m and above, then the barometric pressure indicators change, for which the body reacts by changing blood circulation and hyperventilating the lungs. The higher the terrain, the stronger the reaction of the organism. This increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood. Stay in an area with a pressure of 500-600 mm Hg. Art., low temperature, ultraviolet radiation provokes an acceleration of the metabolic process, which is sometimes quite effective in the presence of pathological processes. Usually healthy people do not respond to minor fluctuations in barometric pressure, but patients feel it the best way possible.
Seasonal fluctuations in the weather regime provoke changes in physiological functions. The nervous system, metabolic processes, heat exchange, and endocrine glands react in a completely different way. A healthy person, thanks to adaptive physiological mechanisms, does not respond to those, while the patient is very sensitive to changes.
In the field of medicine, there are several types of climates that are capable of exerting a certain physiological effect on the body, using all of their components.
Changing Climate to Marine: Health Benefits
- These conditions require moist, fresh air saturated with sea salt. The sea, its blue distance and slowly traveling waves always have a beneficial effect on the human nervous system.
- The picturesque coast of the sea, especially the southern one, the reflected solar radiation, the absence of sudden changes in temperature - these factors normalize all body functions in the pathological process. A striking example is the climate of the Crimea. In addition, the processes of inhibition and excitability in the central nervous system are balanced.
- Against the background of such conditions, various types of therapy have a deeper effect on the course of metabolic and trophic processes. As a result, the pathological condition is eliminated. For example, the climate of Crimea is ideal for health. At the same time, the trip will benefit not only the sick, but also perfectly healthy people - their adaptive functions will be strengthened.
Climate change to mountain: impact on health
The stimulating effect occurs when staying in a high mountainous area. This is facilitated by low barometric pressure at high altitudes, sudden changes in day and night temperatures, fresh air and landscape. The increased excitability of the nervous system stimulates metabolic processes.
- Low blood pressure enhances the hematopoietic functions of the bone marrow. These phenomena can be attributed to favorable stimuli. Going to the mountains is recommended for those who need to stimulate sluggish pathological processes.
- At the same time, an increase in the metabolic rate balances the nervous processes, which stimulates the immune system. As a result, the body strengthens the fight against existing diseases.
The impact of the temperate zone climate on human health
- The conditions of the steppes and forests are characterized by insignificant temperature fluctuations, moderate and stable humidity. These factors are good training for the body of healthy people. Patients are also advised to visit such an area, since the local regime will not harm.
- The middle lane is characterized by a clear change of seasons - winter, spring, summer and autumn. A change in weather conditions is necessarily accompanied by a change in physiological reactions.
- Ultraviolet radiation is sufficient here, weather conditions are stable.
This makes it possible to use the climate for people with quite different pathologies. It will be especially good for those who suffer from cardiovascular diseases.
Desert climate and health
- Hot air, plains covered with sparse vegetation, hot dusty soil - these factors inherent in a desert climate provoke an overstrain of adaptation reactions. For the patient, this situation is not always favorable.
- For example, persistent dry and hot weather leads to the problem of profuse sweating and a person can lose up to 10 liters of fluid per day. However, this method of dehydration, which occurs through the skin, is used to treat people with kidney disease.
Climate and human health in northern latitudes
Monotonous plains, sometimes covered with forests, lakes, winter cold, short, warm, humid summers - these factors are inherent in northern areas.
- Staying here will be an excellent workout for the body, as it has a hardening effect.
- With an increase in heat generation, the rate of metabolic processes increases, the regulatory nervous mechanisms of the respiratory and vascular systems are activated, and this, in turn, has a beneficial effect on physiological functions. It is recommended to be treated in these latitudes for many patients, especially the elderly.
Which climate is best for health
Moving from one zone to another activates the human body, evokes favorable emotions, but only on condition that he is healthy. Rest from work, everyday life, changing the air, changing other environmental factors - all this has a good effect on the physical and emotional state.
The traditionally long winter for Russia, a large number of cold days, in the absence of sunlight, sooner or later makes any person dream of being transported from a harsh winter to a hot summer, to the warm sea, sultry sun and an abundance of fresh fruits. And all this in our time is quite realistic, one has only to overcome by plane, some several thousand kilometers, and you will already find yourself in the desired hot, exotic country, leaving behind frost, snow and wind. But not all travelers think about the negative impact of a sharp climate change on health. It is about this minus of winter recreation in hot countries that we will tell in our article.
One of the most popular tourist routes in the winter season are tours not to ski resorts, but holidays in hot exotic countries. Russians are especially fond of going on a warm vacation during the New Year holidays and on. Among many travelers, if they have not spent the winter season in or in Thailand, it will be considered that there was no holiday at all. Only now you should not rush to lament about this matter, because, most likely, you have preserved your health. Many tourists do not even think about the fact that a sharp climatic change can negatively affect health, reduce immunity and cause many more problems. The human body especially suffers when, having escaped from forty-degree frosts, it suddenly finds itself in a forty-degree heat. Such a temperature drop leads to a serious shock and undermining of the body's defenses, and this fact has long been proven by climatologists.
For a person to be able to acclimatize normally, he needs at least a week, in rare cases, five days, and even then, subject to perfect health, but in Russia, as you know, there are no healthy people, there are only “under-examined” ones. Many take winter trips to hot countries, just for a week, that is, after arriving, our body works hard for all seven days in order to acclimatize from winter to summer, and as soon as he did this, you again leave for cold Russia, and he again it is necessary to start restructuring -reacclimatization. Thus, instead of rest and health improvement, you get stress, breakdowns, illness, due to a drop in immunity and a double negative load.
If you have already decided to go in winter to relax in one of the southern exotic countries, then do it as correctly as possible. The most optimal range of rest, according to research by scientists, is from twenty one to twenty four days. It is desirable that upon returning home, you do not immediately go to work, but have another three or four days in reserve, in order to have time to enter the climatic norm and adapt without a threat to immunity.
There are a number of people who are generally not recommended to drastically change the climate, these include those who should not expose the body to unnecessary stress due to the illness suffered before the rest, and this includes both the common cold and gastritis. In addition, a sharp change in climatic conditions is not recommended for people who have recently undergone any operation, because health after the flight will definitely deteriorate. Children should not be taken on vacation in the summer from the cold winter, as their immune system is very vulnerable. This is especially true for children who are not yet five years old. But adults who are over forty-five years old are not recommended to do this either. These are the guidelines that women need to heed during menopause. You should not fly from winter to summer and persons suffering from any chronic diseases, especially with cardiovascular, broncho-pulmonary, allergic problems, pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, in the presence of a tendency to psycho-emotional disorders. And since the age of the listed diseases is "younger", it is worth consulting with a doctor before such a flight, even for tourists who are only twenty-five years old.
When planning your winter vacation and deciding to relax in a hot country, do not forget about the impact on the body and health of jet lag. Doctors say that even a change in one time zone is bad for the body, and if it is a sharp change in several time zones, this is already a guaranteed failure of human biorhythms.
Today we talked about the threat of a sharp change in climatic and time zones for the health of a tourist, and about a way to reduce this harmful effect on the body. But to decide whether it is worth flying in winter to rest in hot countries, of course, is yours.
Climate is a long-term weather regime inherent in a particular area, one of the main characteristics of nature and geographic landscape. The climate is determined by the following factors: temperature and relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, the number of sunny days per year, the strength and direction of the wind, the amount of precipitation, etc. Conventionally, two bands of tropical climate can be distinguished, two temperate and two cold. The weather conditions of a particular region depend not only on the climatic zone, but also on its geographical position. The further this or that area is removed from the sea, the more different the seasons there. This feature is noticeable in Central Europe - in the north, a maritime climate prevails, while in the Alps the climate is completely different.
The impact of climate on humans
The weather conditions of a country or region greatly affect the lifestyle of the population. It depends on the climate which residential buildings are being built in a particular region, what is the daily routine and the appearance of residents. The impact of climate on health can be extremely negative.
Climatic resorts
Climatic conditions can have an irritating, calming and tonic effect on a person. In many countries there are many climatic resorts. When choosing a resort, you should consult your doctor.
Climate fluctuations tire
In those regions where climate fluctuations are weak, the human body is exposed to less stress than in those where the difference between the seasons is felt very strongly. True, certain climatic factors can affect a person's health, for example, ultraviolet rays are necessary for normal bone growth.
The amount of heat given off by the body depends on the air temperature. At low ambient temperatures and inadequate protection of the body, a person can freeze. At a very high ambient temperature, a person's sweating increases, thus the body regulates body temperature. Sweating leads to a large loss of fluids, and this can adversely affect human health. At high altitudes, due to too low pressure, the function of the ear labyrinth may be disrupted - dizziness occurs; if air with low oxygen content is inhaled, altitude sickness can develop.
Some people are very sensitive to weather changes. Of course, the weather in this case is not the true cause of the deterioration of health, but only one of the factors that cause this condition. Such ailments are divided into increased sensitivity to weather changes, manifested in a decrease in working capacity, and "meteorological stability", in which pains of a rheumatic or neuralgic nature arise. Comparative observations have shown that certain weather conditions can provoke the occurrence of certain diseases, deterioration in well-being and even death of patients suffering from certain diseases. When a warm atmospheric front moves through the area, patients suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system experience a deterioration in well-being. When the cold atmospheric front prevails, people suffer from colic and spasms.
Climate change of the planet
The assertions of old people that earlier the winter was colder and the summer was warmer are true. When coal, oil and natural gas burns, large amounts of carbon dioxide are released, and therefore the Earth's climate becomes warmer. Meteorologists believe that this warming is strongly affecting the climate and health of the entire planet. It is assumed that the so-called "greenhouse" effect is the cause of many natural disasters. The destruction of the ozone layer, which filters the sun's rays, has an extremely unfavorable effect on the planet's climate. Due to the increased level of ultraviolet radiation, the earth's surface will become warmer, which will entail a change in the temperature regime, the regime of winds and rains, and an increase in sea level.
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