The largest clusters of animals. What kind of animal language is the most words? What animals are the best inventors

1. What animal is the hardest?

Blue whale is the biggest and most heavy animal. The two of the biggest of ever killed whales weighed 136 and 195 tons. Blue whales reach the length of 35 meters. They feed on tiny organisms living in the world.

2. Which of the predators lived on land is the biggest?

Brown bear living on the island of Kodiak at the western coast of North America can reach 3 meters long. The height in the withers is approximately 1 meter of 20 centimeters. When it stands on two paws, can reach 5 meters in height. This is the largest predator living on land.

3. Which of the rainworms is the longest?

Rain worm found in Australia can reach lengths of more than 3 meters. The largest of the described specimens had 3 centimeters in diameter and was thicker than the thumb of the adult.

4. How much is the biggest rodent weigh?

Most big Rodent In the world - South American Watervail, which has no attitude towards real pigs. Waterviank (or capibility), Reaching more than 50 kilograms of weight in length and more than 50 kilograms of weight is a relative of a pretty guinea pig.

5. How much is the biggest snail weigh?

The largest of the found, weighted and measured snails treated

This huge instance weighed 16 kilograms and had almost a meter in pickup. Her house was 70 centimeters long. Zugush Agiapriis lives in Australia, this is a water snail, and in water, as you know, the weight decreases. Living on land Snails are somewhat less: the biggest land Snail, African, slightly heavier semi-kilogram at a maximum length of 35 centimeters.

7. What dogs are the greatest and what are the strongest?

Senberry can weigh up to 125 kilograms. But the strongest dogs are divers. Although their weight rarely exceeds 60 kilograms, they can drag on the ground the cargo to halftone.

8. Which of the flying birds is the hardest?

The weight of the swan-trumpeter reaches 22 kilograms, and nevertheless it flies. He lives in Northern Europe and North America. One of his ancestors, for a long time you measured, was even harder: he weighed probably about 28 kilograms. This bird lived 70 million years ago.

9. Where does the biggest crocodile live?

Self large crocodiles The world lives in South America, in the pools of Orinoco and Amazon rivers. They reach 8 meters long, their weight is about 2 tons.

9. What length is the biggest snake?

Big Anaconda, found in South America, usually has a length of about 8 meters. But one day there was a floodplain on Anaconda, the length of which was 14 meters, with a diameter - 82 centimeters.

10. Is the biggest bacteria falsely to see the largest eye?

Even the biggest bacterium is still too small to be seen without a microscope. The size of the largest bacterium is a maximum of 0.05 mm (one twentieth part of the millimeter).

11. U. What animals are the hardest cubs?

Blue whales have the greatest cubs: the newborn whale weighs approximately 2 tons. In addition, in a record pace gain weight. The fact is that they grow faster than all other living beings on Earth: in the first six months of life, they grow up daily for 3 centimeters! For the first 7 months of life, their weight increases from 2 to 24 tons, i.e., 12 times! Kittens that grow too very quickly, we need a week to double your weight. But the newborn children are gaining weight incredibly slow. Their weight doubles only 125 days after birth.

27. What kind of pet gives the most milk?

The ratio with its weight goats give the most milk. Milk, which gives a goat for the year, weighs 12 times more than the goat itself. And the cow produces the amount of milk per year, only 7 times higher than its own weight.

28. How much is the most expensive milk?

Milk mice is used for medical purposes. Mice milking with tiny tubes. To get one liter of mouse milk, you need to make up 4,000 mice. Therefore, one liter of this precious milk costs $ 22,500.

29. What birds are the least take care of the construction of their nest?

Thin-blooded bin - birds reaching for about 50 centimeters, in large quantities are found in northern regions Europe, Asia and America. They do not build nests at all, but lay eggs directly to the ground. Then they sit on the ground, clinging tight to each other (up to 10 birds on the square equal to a small rug for the feet), And the eggs are sitting. Black crash is no less lazy, and besides, even more frivolous. She simply lays eggs into the ruins of the tree and hopes that the chicks are not welcomed from there.

30. What animals are best hiding?

White bears have beautiful shelters. The females get a cave in the snow for the winter, then they crawl into them and there are proceedings. If it is snowing outside, then the cave is generally impossible to notice. Inside it is always a plus temperature due to the high temperature of the body of the bear. Here, the female for several months feeds the cords of the milk. And herself does not eat all this time. It consumes fat accumulated during the Arctic summer. The weight of polar bears reaches about 350 kilograms.

31. What birds are the fastest of all building shelters?

European aunt, weighing more kilograms, with high snow cover can hide in a few seconds. When it is necessary, it rushes with a high tree branch in the snow and disappears in a hole that covers inside the snow. In the blink of an eye, the toterov disappears from the field of vision of the ladder. In such a snowy shelter, he can carry out without movement up to three days.

22. What size are the greatest "animal colony"?

Meadow dogs are rodents who used to live with colonies sometimes incredibly large sizes. Approximately 100 years ago in the US state of Texas found a colony meadow dogswhich, according to researchers, has 400 million animals. This settlement was twice as more than Holland. Meadow dogs in their own way appearance Remind Surkov. They reach the highest 50 centimeters in length. Each family lives in a separate mink. Under Earth, these holes are not connected to each other. But from the entrance there are always paths to the "doors" of the neighbors. Of course, meadow dogs are not real dogs,

they are only lit like dogs. American farmers consider them pests, because they eat grass in pastures, but digging their holes, harm the crops. Often, cattle or horses fall into holes and are injured. Due to the ruthless hunt of peasants on meadow dogs, their number has declined much.

32. What size are the biggest bobrov dams?

Built by the premiums of the dam - the largest above-ground facilities created by animals. The biggest such dam is in Montana (USA) And overlaps the river with a width of 750 meters.

34. Which animal builds the highest facilities?

The buildings of African warriors achieve 15 meters in height. These insects build their similar to the dwelling towers (Memnotes) From wet clay mixed with its own secretions. When this mixture dries, it becomes solid like concrete. Inside the metering there are pro-moves, cameras and ventilation mines. Building termites are not only very high, but also go deep into the ground. To gain access to water, insects often have to break through vertical mines to a depth of 40 meters. In one metering can live 10 million termites.

35. Who is digging the most nor not for yourself, but for other animals?

No other mammal may not dig a hole so quickly in the ground, like tubing. It feeds in the main ants. Its solid, like iron, claws, he can even hack the solid. The pipesube roets so quickly that in case of danger, it prefers not to run away, but to hide in a freshly walled hole in the ground. Pipes love to move from place to place. When they go to another place, other animals are settled in their nora. The pipes are formed their own detachment of mammals. They are not relatives of any kind of animals.

36. W. What birds are the warmest nests?

most birds ride chicks, just sitting on eggs. Their body is a source of necessary heat. Unlike them, Australian larger (weed) Chicken builds a huge incubator and uses heat that occurs when rotting organic substances. Bolshnaya chicken, approximately equal to the size of a gray partridge, puts eggs to the ground. Then she brings leaves, branches, lumps of land and grass and folds them into a bunch of eggs, and her height reaches sometimes 5 meters, and the width is 12 meters. This compost pile itself warms up from the inside when bacteria decompose biomass and turn it into fertile compost soil. True, the temperature in the incubator should not be above 33 degrees. The adjacent chicken all the time the beak checks the temperature and, if it becomes too warm, it grinds a little bit. With such a technique of surviving not only from parents, but also from the chickens themselves, certain efforts are required. Having raised, they immediately have to get out of a heap outside, to the air. Often the birds suffocate or die from overvoltage. A similar way to sit down chicks is used by Australian weed chickens of a different type of leipoa. Their compost heaps are less, but the top of the sand is covered on top, so that inside was warmer.

37. How old are the oldest bird nests?

The nest of the White Orlana may be 100 years old, in this case there are already several generations of birds. Orlan's nests are made of branches and are in inaccessible to other animals and people places on the protrusion of sheer cliffs. Each time the nest chicks are littered with a new layer of branches. Such an old, centenary nest can weigh up to 2 tons. Its width is 2 meters, height is 6 meters.

38. How many families live in the biggest general nests?

Public facilities, called so for the love of society, are building only common sockets. A couple begins with the fact that shears on a big bitch roof from the rain. During construction, other couples are joined to her that diligently help in work. When the roof design is ready, each family begins to build under common roof Own nest with a separate entrance. Such common sockets can be up to 6 meters wide. They are placed up to 100 separate nests.

39. What kind of predator is most like your sacrifice?

The ant mite looks exactly the same as the ants that he feeds. Even the ants themselves do not see any differences. Therefore, he is very easy to approach his victim and kill her.

40. What kind of predatory bird is the harder to deceive your prey?

Inhabited in Africa, Asia and Europe Hawk-revennant - Little day predatory bird. He hunts on birds and mammals who know well what a hawk flying through the sky looks. The fact is that predatory birds, look out of prey, hook in the air, and each type of predatory birds has a typical "handwriting of the guy." So, hawkeepers produced the ability to imitate in flight a harmless coup. Thanks to this, they can close enough to take care of their victim, which is too late aware of their mistake and becomes easy prey for the hawk.

41. What birds fly faster than everyone?

Falcon-Sapsan in a picing flight is not only the fastest bird, but in general the fastest animal. When he recures cool to the ground, it develops speeds up to 350 kilometers "per hour. The needy needle-hazard strife develops in horizontal flight up to 170 kilometers per hour. Belochy strife flies around at the same speed. In the horizontal flight and with the danger of some types Ducks and geese reaches flight speed over 100 kilometers per hour (for example, Gaga). The same speed can be developed and hummingbirds. The speed of horizontal flight of most birds is a maximum of 65 kilometers per hour.

The farthest flights are committed, as scientists believed, sandboxes. In any case, it was found that one ocelled bird in four days flew from Massachusetts (USA) In Guiana. She flew at an average altitude of 1.5 kilometers at an average rate of little less than 50 kilometers per hour and overcame the distance of 4425 kilometers.

42. W. Which animal is the best winter disguise?

A number of animals when changing the time of the year changes the protective color. For example, the ermine becomes winter snow-white, only the tip of the tail remains black. Summer mountain burning. Zayak-Belyak with the advent of the first snow is painted white. True, it is focused not at the time of the year, but at the state of snow. Spring-bungent, weighing about 6 kilograms, remains white until the whole snow comes down. Then the hare immediately becomes brown.

43. What birds are hiding like angry?

Sinitsy can make the sounds that small predators take for the hiss of the snake. People can not hear these very low sounds, and small predatory mammals, obviously, can: they are far-side bypass the title nest. Tits use this sound disguise when they are sitting in the wrapper of the chicks tree and therefore cannot fly away.

44. What masking among mammals is the most reliable?

Mimicry - so call the ability of representatives of one type of animals to change their exterior appearance and become similar in color and form on other animals. So, for example, predators do not touch one type of inhabiting in Asia tupayi *, Because their meat is inedible. This is used by various types of proteins that the coloring "give out ourselves" for Tupayi.

* Tupayy - a family of semolstery of the detachment of primates. Body Length ~ 25 cm.

45. What kind of fish is best changed in color?

Adult cambals lie on one side on the seabed and wait for prey. To disguise, their top side automatically takes the color of the environment. Lower side always remains the same color. Moreover, Clabals change not only color, but also coloring. In one experiment, Cambalu was placed on a chessboard, and she repeated the drawing of a chessboard on his body.

46. \u200b\u200bWhat insects are most similar to their surroundings?

Indonesian Bogomol looks like a pink orchid flower. He is sitting on this orchid, waiting for the victim, who is looking for nectar, and finds his death. No worse disguise tropical butterflies brahnikov. True, masking serves them only to protect. The caterpillar of the brahnik in a minute of danger instantly pulls his head and so changes the body shape, which looks completely like a small snake.

47. What animal knows how to pretend?

Oposatsum - a short animal with a length of about 50 centimeters, dwells in the hot regions of America. When it is wounded or when he falls into the western, the animal falls like a dead, on the side, stop breathing, and a language falls out of the open mouth. Animals and people think he died. But after a few hours, opossum comes to life. The fact is that it has developed the ability to suspend such life functions as a breath and blood supply of the brain for a certain time, and fall into a faint condition, similar to real death.

48. What kind of animal longer Everyone seemed dead?

For 4 years in the British Museum in London, two copies of one of the types of snails found in the deserts could be seen. They were attached to the plank and exhibited under the glass for Furnishing. In 1846, these snails presented a museum, considering them dead. In 1850, the museum staff decided to check it. They put one of the snails in warm water. And suddenly she woke up, he began to eat and lived for another 2 years.

49. How many tails can be one Lizards?

Lizards distract and confuse enemies, dropping the tail. At the same time, the tail is laid out in a certain place with a muscular effort. The opposite tail remains on the ground. Pursuer thinks several seconds that it could mean, and often this time turns out to be enough so that the lizard has managed to escape. Then she grows a new tail. But some lizards do not manage to completely reset the tail, and it remains hanging "on the thread." Despite this, a new tail grows in place. If this happens often, then such a lizard tested a whole beam of tails.

50. How does the proteins predict a storm?

Of all the representatives of the animal world proteins, the most reliable weather predictors. Already 10 hours before the sharp change of weather, they begin to jump restlessly and make shrill whistling sounds. If they are then hiding into their houses and close the inlet holes, it means that there will be a thunderstorm soon, although people do not notice anything else. It is assumed that proteins feel fluctuations in atmospheric pressure, usually preceding sharp changes in weather and thunderstorms.

51. What animals can simultaneously look at different directions?

Of all the animals, it is best to melt the eyes of chameleon. Both of his eyes can move independently of each other, so the reptile can at the same time look at the other two. At the same time, chameleon sees very well all the movement of insects. At the same time, the spectacle penguin can watch and forth. This bird sizes 70 centimeters lives on the islands located near South Africa. Her eyes are so arranged that she sees everything around him perfectly. She doesn't even need to turn his head to see what happens at her back.

52. Which of the night hunters see worse than everyone?

Bats hunt insects at night. At the same time, they do not see anything practically. Together with sharp eyes, they have a highly developed echolocation system. With its help, they discover where the victim is located, behind which they hunt, as well as obstacles to which should be avoided. Echo sounders work in ultrasound mode, i.e. perceive the sounds of such a high frequency, which people and most animals do not hear. When flying, bats send audio impulses: short high sounds. In the pause between the impulses, they catch their echo. Reflected from insects or objects sound waves They are recorded in the brain of volatile mouse and create an internal picture of the surrounding space there. Thus, it can be said that the volatile mice "see" ears. Therefore, they do not need light to navigate, and they feel in the night darkness as confident as in the darkness of their caves. Bats hear sounds with a frequency of up to 210 kilohertz. And people can only hear sounds below 20 kilohertz. An even more acute rumor than bats have dolphins that perceive sounds with a frequency of 280 kilohertz. By the way, dolphins are also focused using ultrasound echoolets and therefore can "see" fish flocks even in muddy water or at a very big depth.

53. What animals have the best infrared search system?

Infrared rays are nothing but thermal rays. We also feel infrared radiation, for example, when we sit in the sun. With the help of infrared cameras, you can take a picture of thermal radiation and see it in the photo; Such devices instead of light "see" heat. The most sensitive system of perception of heat rays have pythons. They have a membrane in their head, which allows them to feel the slightest changes in ambient temperature. The most dark night, the python can not only "see" the sacrifice within a radius of up to 8 meters, but also to determine which size it is. It reacts to changes in temperature in hundredths graduation shares. And the body temperature of mammals is usually above ambient temperature. Therefore, they constantly threaten the danger to be discovered by Python.

54. What birds do you know how to fly in advance?

Of all the birds, only hummingbirds can fly back in advance and even stop in the air. In search of food, they hang like helicopters, in the air above the flower, lower their long beaks and suck floral nectar. In order to fully hang in the air, they have incredibly quickly waving the wings: up to 80 times per second.

55. Who growls louder than everyone?

At a distance of up to 5 kilometers, a creek of a revoon donating in tropical forests America. This type of monkeys under the sublard bone is the cavity, which serves only to enhance the voice. Little tunes - their size is a little more than 50 centimeters - indicate the boundaries of their possessions. (separate animal or flock). No other animal in the world has such a loud voice.

56. Which animal is the best logger?

In order to oversee the trunk of a tree with a diameter of 20 centimeters and to sang it, Bobru needs no more than 5 minutes. Bobra trees trunks are used to build their dams. They live in colonies in artificial lakes arising when the dams of the dams and streams are rejected by the premiums.

57. Which animal is the best drill?

Ship worms are attached with their sinks to the tree and begin to "drill". Previously, the prey of these 10-centimeter clams were only dead remnants of trees, today they also attack on the wooden vehicles. Ship worms, digesting cellulose, cause significant damage to pile and ships. It is much harmless to sea two-sided mollusks, the length of which is 7 centimeters, the width is 3 centimeters. Mollusk is firmly attached to their muscular foot and pulls up the body and sink. Then the foot makes the next step. Thus, the mollusks move along the bottom of the sea at a speed of 20 centimeters for half a minute. Among the insects, the best drillers are the so-called riders. Rear end The body of the four-sentime meadow of the rider is reminded by the adaptation, with which smokers are cleaning their tubes, therefore they are called "snap-in tubes" in some countries. They feed on the larvae of a large euro, living in wood healthy trees and causing great harm Forest. The riders are drilling a tree until they get to the larvae of the Rhohvost, and eat them. In order to drill a hole in a solid tree a hole in a depth of 3 centimeters, a rider is only 15 minutes away. Thanks to the removal of riders from Europe, from 1926 to 1936 it was possible to save the forests of New Zealand. The trees on the island seemed to be hopelessly amazed and doomed. For 10 years of work, the riders eliminated the danger of the destruction of forests with a big eight way.

58. W. What warm animals are the highest body temperature?

The warm-blooded animals are called that constantly maintain the temperature of their body at one level. If the temperature rises above this constant value (for fever) or falls lower (when heocoled), Animal gets sick and can die. The cold-blooded animals are called, the body temperature of which depends on the ambient temperature. Fish and reptiles can often carry much lower and high temperaturesthan warm-blooded. For example, lizards become truly active only with heat. Of all warm-blooded is the highest normal temperature Bodies in pigeons and ducks (up to 43 degrees)sAMI low temperature Bodies in the Muravied (29 degrees).

59. What animals carry the lowest temperatures?

Grape snails can be safely placed even in the freezer: after thawing, they feel great. They are withstanding (short time) Even the temperature is minus 110 degrees. But they are sufficiently sensitive to the heat and die when the temperature rises above 50 degrees. Frogs can be inserted into ice with minus 10 degrees and remain safe and unharmed. Some kinds of fish are transferred to the ice of frozen lakes. True, ice temperature (and thereby the temperature of their body) Should not fall below minus 15 degrees. Among the warm-blooded recordsmen are cats. When the temperature of their body decreases to 16 degrees, they, however, lose consciousness, but as soon as it becomes warmer, come to themselves again. But absolute record holders are still bacteria. Some of their types are withstanding the temperature minus 250 degrees. Heating to plus 90 degrees also does not harm them. But most bacteria dies at temperatures above 100 degrees. Therefore, to destroy many bacteria in the water, you just need to boil the water.

60. Why does Lynx hear so well?

Of all the land animals, the most acute rumor in the lynx. Tassels on her ears are thin hair beams - catch the quietest sounds and transport them into ears. Lynx can distinguish between the various noise from the distance to the kilometer.

61. What mammals lay eggs?

Concurrents and echids are the only unbelieving mammals. They lay eggs.

These animals are found only in Australia. The fact of the existence of such animals received scientific confirmation of only 100 years ago. Prior to that, reports of egg-owned mammals were considered fairy tales. The length of the fleet of the clock is an approximately halfter, its beak resembles the beak of the duck. He raises eggs like a bird. From the spur on the feet, WKONOS highlights a poison that can kill a small animal.

62. Does the most animals live on?

The sloth bears his name with the full basis. It is a strange creation of a half-meter and weighing 10 kilograms, the whole life is lazily hanging in the crown of trees in American rainforest. Fruits literally fall into his mouth. The sloth moves very slowly, for each step he takes a few minutes. In his wool, the whole colonies of living beings are inhabited, starting with green algae. The caterpillars of one type of butterflies eat algae. Finally, there are still small ants in the fur of the sloth, which feed on the caterpillars of butterflies.

63. What mammals are the most rare?

A number of mammals occurs so rarely that only one single detected instance is known about their existence. For example, in 1938, a fruit bat was caught with small teeth; Since then, this tropical bat no one else has come across anyone. Suggest that only a few copies and Tasmansky remained baby Wolf.. The constellation was believed that it was a long time ago, however, in 1982, a reserve employee managed to track down and identify one of these ancient animals. Other mammals such as the Black Fossa or Red Wolf, managed to protect from full extinction only due to breeding in zoos. They were already released again to the will, and scientists hope that they will survive in natural habitat conditions. Probably the most rare of all marine mammals is one type of sharply whale. No one has seen any live instance. The fact that this kind of whales generally exists, it is known only on the found bones. More than 1000 species of birds have such not a large number of Representatives that the view is under threat of extinction. Maybe the greatest danger threatens with a gray coastal sparrow, who had previously dwell in Florida. The last famous copy of this species died in 1987. True, parts of its corpse are preserved under deep frozen conditions. Scientists hope for further successes of genetic engineering. Perhaps over time, it will be possible to reproduce this type of genes preserved in cells. Then it would be possible to give a gray coastal sparrow a second life.

64. What animals use various implements and fixtures to mining food?

Many animals use various guns to get to food. But chimpanzees can be the same to make such implements or devices. Experiments with chimpanzees living in captivity showed: If you hang bananas to the ceiling so that the animals cannot reach them, and in the room put boxes, then after some meditation, the chimpanzees will be built from the boxes something like the stairs and take it to bananas . On the wave of chimpanzees, sometimes fit branches for the hunting of termites. They process wooden sticks until they purchase the desired shape and thickness so that they can be inserted into the solid. They chimpanzee is pulled out of insects from the gunner. A red-headed finch, who wishes to enjoy insects, finds a sharp spike, takes him in the beak and picks them in the tree bark. But sometimes to get to the feed, you have to first split the shell or shell. To get the oyster, the marine width of the stone splits the sink. Sometimes you have to split the houses of snails and eggs. Birds are easier than land animals. They simply rise with their prey high in the air and throw it on the ground. In this way, the vulture gets to well-protected the contents of tubular bones. They dump the bones from a high height of stones, where they are broken. There are many messages that exactly the stamps are broken by the turtle shells.

65. At what distance the jackal feels blood?

About living in Africa Chatter Shakala Local hunters tell real wonders. It is said that he can not only feel the smell of his sacrifice from the distance of one kilometer, but even feels the smell of the blood of a wounded animal at a distance of 4 kilometers.

66. W. What animals are the most risky "professions"?

67. What animals are the best inventors?

Macakka IMO is still considered the only animal, followed by observing at a time when it made the invention. Amazing discovery Made Japanese zoologists at the same scientific station. It turns out, not only people, but also animals can solve the problem by thinking (and not just by trial and error). A smart monkey beat the question of how to quickly get rid of tasteless sand on potatoes, without spending time on scraping. Suddenly she ran to the water and put potatoes there: the sand was easily flushed. The smartie imo liked this way that she used it and clean the rice, which was lying on the ground for a long time and stirred with sand. The sand sank in water much faster than rice, and pure rice grains easily managed to catch. No one assumed that animals are capable of such deliberate acts. Interestingly, soon all young monkeys of the colony learned and adopted this technique. But the old monkeys did not want to retire. They continued to eat food mixed with sand. Dolphins, many thinking, inventing various ways to protect against fishermen, will also not refuse intelligence. Previously, hundreds of thousands of dolphins died, falling into fishing nets, thrown on the tuna. The fact is that some of their species love to be nearby from the flock of Tuna and attract the fishermen. But what is observed by whale researchers: in lately Dolphins seem to understand that near fishing ships it is better to stay quietly and imperceptibly. If all the same, the ships were too close, the dolphins are trying not to swim to them on the other side with which they lower the network. If they nevertheless fall into the area of \u200b\u200bthe fishing area and are surrounded by grids, they no longer shook them in a panic, as before. They are waiting for ships, lined up in a circle, will go away a little back. At this point, the dolphins swim over the network lying deeper, or jump out and turn out to be free.

68. Which languages \u200b\u200bexisting in animals are the strangest?

Along with the languages \u200b\u200bof gestures and the language, the sounds published, in some animals, primarily in insects, the real language of smells are developed. For example, Ecoofilla ants produce 10 different odors that are combined with certain body positions. Thus, ants may convey to 50 different messages. A very expressive language of smells uses spotted skunk. He sprinkles the enemies of smelly liquid, which means: "Logging!" This smell is so sharp and disgusting that with good wind it can be felt in a few kilometers.

69. In which animal language Most words?

The larger flocks or herds live animals, the more developed by their "communication language". Many animals are able to shouts to warn each other about danger, attract to the place where there is food, convene the cubs and express such different feelings as anger, sympathy, willingness to fight or concern. The most difficult thing is probably a lure language consisting of about 300 different expressions. Unfortunately, it is not yet clarified, which means individual "words".

70. What animals know the most "foreign languages"?

In animal languages, as in our languages, there are various dialects. For example, the sounds published by the crow are different in different areas, and the Alpine Voron is unlikely to understand its Spanish relative. Even the sounds warning about danger, so different that the foreign crow will not understand their meaning. True, it was established that the crows during their flights can explore foreign dialects. And especially smart crows even speak this "foreign languages": they can learn several important sounds from the tongue and chap and "talk" in their languages.

71. Who is the most dangerous dangerous enemy of sharks?

If the shark approaches the cub of the dolphin, then the dolphins turn into real combat vehicles. They are going to the group, surround sharks and tash it from all sides until she dies.

72. What animals are the most developed sense of partnership

Whales and dolphins are famous for those who are not thrown in the misfortune of their patients or in danger of relatives. They raise them to the surface of the water and do not give to drown. Perhaps this instinctive behavior explains why dolphins are saved and people who came to the sea in trouble and bring them ashore. Since ancient times, people living on the seashore know many such stories. A number of other herd animals also help their relatives. Even animals with such a bad reputation as coyota are divided with patients and weak coins. Lvov has a sense of partnership show only females. Vampire bats are even sharing with patients with blood vampires. South American vampires feed on the blood of other mammals. If the patient of a bat cannot go hunting, then "comrades" bring her blood in the mouth and feed it. Whales and dolphins, elephants and man-like monkeys even seem to have sadness, if, despite all their efforts, one of the relatives dies. About whales tell that they lose vital energy and cheerfulness when one of them dies (for example, from harpoon kitolov). Jane Goodwell, who studies chimpanzees, told such a story. One young monkey could not survive the death of his mother. She all came to the place where the mother died. And died in the same place in a few weeks - obviously, from grief. It seems, elephants also understand what disease and death is. They do not throw a sick elephant, on the contrary, in every way he helps him. If he falls, the rest are trying to put it on their feet. If he does not give signs of life for a long time, then the members of the herd carry something like a guard guard near his body. Before you go further after a few days, they are thrown to the corpse of the deceased fellow earth and branches.

73. What animal sleeps longer?

Predators from the feline family sleep or at least dorm most day. They can afford it, because they have no enemies "Iim don't have to be all the time alek. Gorilla is also so confident in his abilities that it can sleep daily for 13 o'clock. Even longer, 18 hours a day, heerie, curled In the prickly ball, which is not terrible.

Perhaps just for a long time, and maybe the sludge sleeps even longer. This is not known: this is an animal living in Mexican tropics, moves so slowly that it is impossible to install, he sleeps in this minute or not.

74. Who sleeps less than everyone?

Animals on which predators hunt, sleep very long. Especially vigilant giraffes, which during the day allow themselves 3-4 times to take off within 5 minutes.

75. W. What animals are the longest winter hibernation?

Many animals spend the winter in a hibernation in protected dwellings or simply smearing into the ground. Such animals include a brown, brown bear, badger, skuns, shelter, garden sonya, bat, field snail, turtle, ordinary toad and cancer. During the winter hibernation, the temperature of their body decreases, and blood circulation slows down. But in fact, almost no animal sleeps all winter. Once in a two or three weeks, everyone wakes up for a while. Animals are a bit warm and fall asleep again. Only one animal knows that it sleeps almost all winter, without waking up. Bats-tubes are carrying a decrease in body temperature almost to the freezing point, and lowering the ambient temperature - up to minus 5 degrees. They can be in a state of sleep 3 months, not showing any external signs of life

76. What animal jumps from the biggest height?

Sulnae jump from the sheer rocks, the height of which is equal to the height of the four-storey house. In the animal world they are the most deft and bold jumpers from height.

77. What animal is best jumping in height?

African jumper antelope, the size of which is in a height of only 60 centimeters, can jump into a height of 8 meters without running. This is an absolute world record. The American Puma, a predator from the Feline family, jumps 7 meters in height without running. Dolphin goes behind it, which can jump out of the water for 5 meters. Kangaroo jump into a height of 3 meters Persian Kulana - 2.5 meters.

78. What snake flies best of all?

South Asian Golden Wood Frecks are the only snakes in the world who have an aircraft skin meter and therefore can fly. They climb on trees and throw down from a height of 20 or more meters. At the same time, both flying skin meters are revealed, and the coughing can fly in soaring flight to 100 meters. Then it is closer to the next tree to look for food.

79. What animal runs faster than everyone?

The fastest of all land animals is a cheetah. It reaches a record speed of 120 kilometers per hour. Russian Borzaya can develop speed up to 110 kilometers per hour. It runs out a 200 meter distance than 7 seconds. Record holders athletes are required to overcome this distance three times longer: 20 seconds. African goat runs at a speed of only 95 kilometers per hour, but he has the strongest spurt * Of all land animals. Already two seconds after the start of the run, it bears at a speed of 62 kilometers per hour. That is, it develops speed faster than some racing cars. The speed of the athlete in two seconds after the start is equal to 25 kilometers per hour. Fast horses can develop a speed of 70 kilometers per hour.

* Spur (eng. 8Rig1 - jerk), sharp increase in the rate of movement.

80. How much time can run the most endless runner in the world?

Persian Kulan can run 10 kilometers at a speed of 70 kilometers per hour, and then another 30 kilometers at a speed of 50 kilometers per hour. This is a wild animal of the kind of horses the most endless runner on long distances in the animal world. The best marathon runs on a 42-kilometer distance with an average speed of about 20 kilometers per hour.

81. What force can have small animals?

The grape snail can drag the cargo, exceeding it with its own weight 200 times, for example, a three-kilogram telephone directory. Thus, taking into account the magnitude of the body, it can be attributed to the strongest animal. The rhinoceros can drag the severity even 850 times more than its weight. He himself weighs only 3 grams, and can almost as much as the snail that is much harder. The flying bee can withstand the cargo exceeding its own weight 25 times.

82. What are the biggest ants in the world?

The ants are found with zoologists in South America in the jungle of the Amazon River. The length of the body of these giants reaches 7 centimeters. Body length of most ants of other species (about 6 thousand species are known) ranges from 0.8 to 50 millimeters.

83. What speed are the fastest fish develop?

The fastest fish - the sword-fish, Marlin and Sailboat - develop in water huge speed: 100-130 kilometers per hour! All of them are among the largest and most active predators. For example, the biggest sword-fish caught by man turned out to be about 7 meters long and a mass of 660 kilograms! This commander managed to catch after it, like a torpedo, at a speed of more than 100 kilometers per hour rushed to the "Barbara" tanker and struck his steel trim with overclocking. The length of a huge predator's sword was 1.5 meters! Such gigantic copies are now quite rare. Usually the length of the largest fish of this family does not exceed 4-4.5 meters. Record speed they develop due to the special external structure of the body. Other fish are significantly inferior to champions. Compare: Carp moves with maximum speed 13, perch - 17, pike - 30, shark - 40-60, tuna - 70 kilometers per hour.

84. Which fish live longer than everyone?

The biggest life expectancy among fish, probably, is the largest of the family of sturgeon - Beluga. She lives up to 100 years or more. In the same time ultimate age Other sturgeon fish are significantly less. So, in Russian sturgeon, he is two times lower than 50 years. CARP lives as much. There are reliable information about Pike, which lived 33 years old, and perch - 11 years.

85. Which bird has the smallest eggs?

The smallest eggs in the absolute measurement of the hummingbird. The mass of them in dwarf hummingbirds is only 2 milligrams! The eggs of other types of hummingbirds are a little more. On color they are white. In masonry, usually only two eggs.

86. W. What is the bird of the greatest number of eggs in the masonry?

The largest amount of eggs in the masonry of the gray partridge: it postpones up to 25 eggs. This is a lot. Compare: in the pingguin nest 1-2 eggs, crane and eagle - 1-3, pigeon - 2, stork - 2-4, tits - up to 15 eggs. EMU sets up to 7-8 large eggs weighing about 600 grams each.

87. Who can do it longer without food?

The longest time in a state of hibernation of food can do hedgehogs - 236 days. For the winter they do not make any food reserves. During long and deep hibernation, the hedgehogs exist at the expense of sparkling of their body. During this time, they are very thin. And another interesting feature of heroes. They are surprisingly resistant to such strong poisons as arsenic and blue acid. Yozh can eat violence without harm. And the eared hedgehogs are very well tolerated and great overheating.

88. W. Who is the greatest amount of teeth?

The biggest number of teeth nature provided a naked slug. He has up to 30 thousand small teeth! Unbelievable, but it is a fact. At the largest fish of our planet whale shark - in a huge pasta is up to 15 thousand very small teeth. But they are not used for biting production, but for "locking" it in a huge mouth. The ordinary garden snail, which is found in America, the language is seated with 135 rows of solid small teeth of 105 pieces in each row. More than 14 thousand teeth! Such a peculiar currency snail erases parts of plants that feed on. Compare: Cashollot 60 teeth, bear, wolf and foxes - 42, hedgehog - 36, tiger and cats ~ 30, hare - 28, elephant - 26, proteins - 22 teeth. In animals of one type, the amount of teeth constantly. Only at the battleship, the number of teeth in different species and even among different individuals can be different and fluctuated in large limits: from 28 to 100. Many animals are generally tozub (for example, the amusements).

89. How fast can the various animals move?

Animals

Speed, km / h

Good swimmer

Horse (step)

Housefly

Horse (trot)

Seal on land

Seal sealer

running Man

Mollusk challenge

Man on rollers

Cyclist-racer

Horse (gallop)

Post pigeon

Falcon in vertical flight

90. What are the largest insects in the world?

The largest insects in the world are tropical labels. The length of their body reaches 30-35 centimeters. They enter the detachment of the gay, named so because they have an amazing ability to adapt to the surrounding atmosphere. These peculiar animals with a long thin body can instantly disappear among the plexus of the branches, disguising under the bitch, plant stems or leaves. In such a state, they can be for a long time. Many of them are able to change their painting depending on the environment.

91. Where is the biggest locust found?

The greatest green locust is found in the Amazon jungle. The length of her body reaches 15 centimeters, which is three times more ordinary locust. For a long time, the fleeting locust has become synonymous with hunger and disaster. It is very voracious: the offspring of only one female annually eats more than 300 kilograms of fresh plants. Some "damned clouds of hunger" consisted of 40 billion insects. You can calculate what a huge area of \u200b\u200bagricultural land and forests it can destroy. In the gloomy history of the locust invasions of the late XIX century, a cloud of locust, which occupied six thousand square kilometers was noted.

92. What is the biggest frog?

The biggest frog - Goliaf Frog, inhabitants West Africa. The length of her body reaches 25-30 centimeters! Mass - 3.5 kilograms. And one copy caught in Angola was 40 centimeters long. If it had been measured from the head to the tips of the elongated hind legs, then the length would have tripled her. But this is measured only in mammals and birds. Goliaf Frog - this is the greatest fucking amphibian animal. As you can see, the maximum recordsmen among amphibians are very modest compared even with small fish.

93. What is the fastest snake in the world?

The fastest snake in the world - Mamba. A reliably registered mamba speed on Earth 11.3 kilometers per hour! And in the branches it is even rapidly. Man to run away from her difficult. The length of this thinwall, like a whip, wood snake often reaches 4 meters. She lives throughout Africa. This is the most poisonous snake African continent. You can meet here not only in the forests and in the field, but also in the villages and even in the houses ... Mamba - the second in the world is a poisonous snake after royal Cobra. Man dies from her bite (if you do not accept emergency measures) For half an hour. Neither some snakes in Africa are not afraid as mamba. Everywhere they suggest quite understandable fear. However, Mamba is not attacked by people.

94. What is the most flying bird in our country?

The largest flying bird in our country and in Europe - Swan. The length of its body reaches 180 centimeters, and mass - 13 kilograms.

95. W. Which bird is the biggest height of the flight?

The biggest height of the flight among birds is a bearder - 7,500 meters! Other birds have a "work ceiling" much less. For Condor, for example, - 5900, swallows - 4000, goose - 3000, swan and crane - 2400 meters. But some of them are closer even higher. In the mountains, for example, flocks of flying cranes, Kulikov and Geese, observed even at an altitude of 6-9 kilometers. However, most birds keep in the ground.

96. Where do the smallest horses live?

The smallest horses are bred on one of the equestrian plants of Argentina. They are really tiny - their mass of only 25 kilograms, and the height in the withers does not exceed 40 centimeters. Kids are distinguished by extraordinary endurance. After several hours of jumps with gallop, they need only a few minutes to restore strength.

97. What is the biggest river fish?

The largest river fish is som. The length of this predator reaches 5 meters, and the mass is more than 300 kilograms. A hundred years ago on Oder caught the giant who weighed about 400 kilograms!

Called very large Somovs and in our rivers: on the bottom of the day - 320 kilogram, and on the Dnieper - 250 kilogram. Fishes, however, differently write, especially about large fishing luck. As far as it is plausible - check now difficult. Many, for example, tell about the amazing sizes and the mass of the caught puck. At the same time, it is reliably aware of the "Russian record holder", caught in Lake Ilmen in 1930. She weighed 34 kilograms. In Ireland B. early XIX. The centuries came across pikes with a length of about 172 centimeters and weighing 36-38 kilograms. Now these chicks do not catch. One of the largest fish found in fresh waters is Beluga. For reproduction, it is very high rises upstream of rivers. In 1922, in Astrakhan, for example, Beluga was caught by a weighing of 1230 kilograms. The length of these giants exceeds 6 meters, and the mass reaches 1.5 tons.

98. Who is the most "rusty" of all animals?

The most "gorust" of all animals is a crocodile. A cry forces him to tremble the heart of even the most experienced hunter. Hippopotamus differs in a very loud voice. And, perhaps, only in the third place you can put the knurling "Tsar Beasts" - Lion. By the way, the crocodile is the only animal on Earth, not able to turn the head and forced to move forever.

99. Who makes the highest jumps?

The highest jumps - up to 5 meters - a representative of the American fauna - Puma during the hunt. This large predator From the Feline family reaches a length of 2 meters, and its mass exceeds 100 kilograms.

100. Whose poison is the strongest?

The strongest poison of animal origin is the nucleus of a tiny frog living in South America's jungle in Colombia. Locals, the Indians of the Tribe Tribe, call her Koko. Poison many of the dangerous snakes Does not compare with it. A poison collected from one frog is enough to kill fifty jaguars. No antidote from which indian choco do not know.

Who has what family? Inside populations, animals are arranged in different ways. Some, for example, bears, tigers, foxes, live alone and meet with themselves just in periods of weddings and growing offspring. Others, such as gophers, crops, other rodents, live in large families, in which all family members are related to relatives. Several families will fall close to each other and form a colony. And the third, for example, many species of birds and fish, painline animals, wolves, monkeys live in large teams. It is not necessary that all members of the team are in close relatives. Parquest animals, elephants and some other such teams are called a herd. In birds, fish and animals - a pack. We will look into the family and flock and see how and for which such collections of animals are formed by one species.

How is the groundhog family?

Interesting representatives of rodents are in the world - small animals of Surki. They prefer to live in Norah, which root in the steppes and forest-steppes. Family at the groundok is big, as used to be in the villages: the wife, sons, daughters, grandchildren and granddaughters. All in the hole is enough. But therefore, the trouble is a lot. But you love to sleep, a terrible thing! Winter hibernation at the groundwhugh lasts up to 9 months a year! No wonder they say: "Sleeps like a blade"! Sleep in hole with the whole family, curling into a big tangle. The fattest headed with dad lay down from the edge, and Mama-Lamok - in the middle. When sleeping, the brown makes one breath in 4 minutes - saves oxygen. Yes, and the remaining time of sleep, the beetroot, too, does not go. Scientists, in general, believe that there is 1/20 part of life outside the hole! The rest of the time spends in Nore, where or sleeps, or simply lies with open eyes and thinks. What thinks - one God knows. Food with gentle green wrecks of plants. And that's what is amazing. Surbs do not drink water. They are enough water contained in the shoots of plants. Meeting the crumbs do not bite. But why is such a big family for Surka? Why did he all be worried about them? It turns out, not everything is so simple. Groundhog has enemies - foxes, wolves, wild cats, hawks. Therefore, when the time of the Surki is eaten in free from sleep, they eat in turn. While there is a dad, the rest of the family occupy a circular defense and observe whether there are no predators nearby. In the case of which - alarm will be given! Then Surki in turn change roles. Yes, and sleep in the company warmer! Here is such a family!

Visiting a wolf. Somehow it is not customary to speak good things about wolves. But the wolf is one of the most difficult animals on earth. Usually wolves live in flocks of 10-30 individuals. Probably, therefore, the wolves have a perfectly developed sense of the team. Each flock has its own territory that they will sweat and carefully guard. In the pack always two leaders - the male and female. In minutes of danger or when making important decisions, they assume all full responsibility. By the way, wolves are happy to eat our acquaintances - Surkov. And the attacks of wolves on the sheep are celebrated since the end of August - immediately after the crops fall into the hibernation! While the bulk of wolves sow panic in the herd of sheep, the leaders are developing an attack strategy. According to their own team, fresh forces are introduced from the reserve. By the way, wolves hunt more often on sick and weak animals - because they are easier to catch them! The leaders know how to use each of the members of the package by abilities. Weak and panties from flocks are not expelled. They charge less complex and responsible tasks - for example, tracking small rodents and game. Profit is always distributed fairly. Between the females and males in the flock reigns equality, but the leaders always take important solutions! Wolves constantly and carefully study people and make right conclusions. If the hunters manage to drive the flock, the wolves never run away, like, for example, deer, elephants or wild horses. Wolves run out of the swarming! You do not know, for whom and chase!

Wolves are very rarely attacked by people. Nevertheless, people often write their mistakes to the wolves. But one legend claims that ancient Italy In the VIII century BC, Volchitsa focused her milk two boys. After all, wolves - mammal animals. So, one of the focused boys, named Romul, founded a beautiful city Rome.

And also look at the corners. The Great Russian Basinista Ivan Andreevich Krylov was attributed to the rone that it never happens to her. Even the word appeared offensive - agoned! But it turns out, under no circumstances will the crow misunderstand, and even more so a piece of cheese! Famous Moscow Naturalist Yuri Sokolov describes such a case. In one place in Moscow sold patties. And local crows cut down that the quality of the pies does not really suit people who throw these cakes are unstilled anywhere. And crows, on the contrary, believe that the cakes are quite edible, especially if with a stuff. Therefore, they run for a person who bought the cake, knowing exactly that another 20 meters and he, well done, will throw! Another story told a big friend of nature Boris Kalashnikov.

Before the dog planted on a chain stood a bowl with harches. Two ravens decided to get started. One of them began to tease the dog and take away from the bowl. At this time, the second crow calmly dined with dog harshs. Then the crows were changed in places, and poor dog, finding an empty bowl, so, it seems, I did not understand anything. Live Crows B. big steps. Each in a hundred has their own duties: there are observers, scouts and others. Crows began to settle near people 10-12 thousand years ago. They realized that the person is a more awakening miner and if you stay nearby, you can get your share. But the proximity to the person is in itself and some dangers. Therefore, the crow very accurately feels and regulates the distance to dangerous objects. She, for example, is completely not afraid and closely let up old people, young children and pregnant women. The crow knows that this audience is not allowed and is not inclined to chase raven. Another thing is adolescents who are high, and run quickly. And at all attentively, the crow refers to a person with a gun! Just! By the way, the crows are one of the most talkative birds. They have many of their signals. And more than that crows can copy up to 200-250 words!

Why live in a flock?

Let's summarize some results. It turns out that many animals live in families, herds or stars. The dimensions of these teams may be different: from several individuals to several hundred or thousands of individuals. By the way, primitive people also lived in flocks of 100-200 people. And that's what is surprising. Each of us and now no more than 100-200 relatives, friends and acquaintances with whom we support relationships! Count at leisure! So in terms of the circle of communication, we left near the ancient people! So why live animals in families, flocks or flocks? It turns out everything is very simple. Collective life is safer and more profitable!

On the world map, there are not so many places in which civilization did not invade. Those few avoiding human intervention to the corners managed to preserve the pristine nature and to become a house for whole colonies of animal birds and organisms. Travelers who traveled a trip route through one of these 10 seats receive a unique chance to watch the major accumulations of a variety of fauna representatives in their natural habitat with a very close distance.

The ecosystem of the Serengeti extending from the North Tanzania to the south of Kenya is one of the oldest and most preserved on Earth. More than 4 million animals and five hundred bird species live on its untouched exploits. During the migration period, you can an unforgettable spectacle - like thousands of antelopes, zebras, gazelles, rhinos, elephants and many other animals move from the northern hills to the southern plains in search of water.

The most western point of Europe is the rocks of the Latrabiarg in Iceland - during nesting is home to millions of seabirds. Behind the cores, deadlocks, northern alous, kayram and gangs can be observed from an incredibly close distance, the main thing is overly not carried by the process and do not forget that you are on the rocks with a height of 450 meters.

Almost untouched corner of Aldabr atoll is the birthplace of the world's largest population giant turtles. Their number on the island is estimated at about 150,000, and their density is more than 650 individuals per square kilometer.

The heat and concentration of salts made the area of \u200b\u200bLake Natron, located in Tanzania, unsuitable for the life of most inhabitants of wildlife. The aggressive lake environment turned out to be quite comfortable only for blue-red algae and small flamingos. Since predators are not approaching to the poisonous lake, for the birds of the Flaming family, it became a reproduction site.

In the Bracken Bat Cave Cave in Texas lives the largest colony of bats. IN marriage Over 20 million individuals live here - almost the same inhabitants have the most densely populated city in the world of Beijing.

In the fall in the forests of the Mexican states, Michoacan and Mexico city arrive at the monarch butterfly wintering. Millions of insects are going to close colonies on the trees, "staining" them in an orange color.

In the waters of the Australian Bay, Hamin Pulat lives a colony of ancient microorganisms - cyanobacteria. The size of them is from 0.1-1 to 20-100 μm, so they cannot be seen with the naked eye, but you can observe the result of them - the stone thirtiethisantimeter columns of stromatolites can be observed.

Earthy red crab dwells only on christmas island. During the reproduction period on the island literally nowhere to step: millions of crustaceans leave their holes and move towards the coast to postpone the caviar.

Lake Medusa on the island of Eil-Malk in Palau through cracks and tunnels is associated with the ocean, so the water in it is salted. At the same time, more than 2 million gold and lunar jellyfish are reservoir is isolated and its only inhabitants. Due to the lack of predators, they lost the cutting cells of the tental and appendage of the supreet, thanks to which diving lovers can swim along with them.

Plantovsky Island located in the Atlantic Ocean is the habitat of one of the largest populations of Antarctic Penguins. On the block of sushi area of \u200b\u200b25 km², about 2 million royal penguins reside

In the modern world, in order to be successful and succeeding, the person is forced to be constantly in motion, to no longer be able to meet and have time to solve all the things that planned to do. Proverbs were particularly relevant: "Movement is life", "under the laying stone water does not flow" and other of the same kind. But for animals, these expression is suitable even more. In order to survive in the wild animals all the time should use the capabilities of their body 100%. Today we learn about the fastest animals that live on our planet. Ten best ground runners in front of you:

Hare Rusak - rightfully comes in the number of fastest animals of the planet. Rusaki is not very big animals, their average sizes: weight - up to 6 kg; body length 60-70 cm. In order to fall into the paws to predators, nature awarded the hares with excellent speed data, the average speed is equal 60 km / h. The maximum speed, which was developed by the hares of 80 km / h. Another advantage is the excellent maneuverability of Rusakov, which they are able to demonstrate, gaining more speed, and even hares of Rusaki swim well.

Hyien dog - predators, distant relatives of red wolves. The proverb of a wolf legs are fed precisely about them. Hyien dogs do not affect their sizes: the length of the body of the animal is 1 meter, weight is 20-40 kg, maximum height In the withers 78 cm. hunt with flocks, which include up to 10 individuals. Overcoming long distance, in pursuit of mining develop speed 50-60 km / h. Shortly support speed 70 km / h. Despite the fact that predators do not affect their dimensions, they hunt for large animals. Thanks to its endurance, hyena is chopped off from the flock, and pursue prey, while she does not lose all the forces on resistance. Endurance and high speed also saves hyenan dogs from their enemies - Lviv and people.

Borzy - the fastest representatives of the family of doggy. In the ancient times, greyhounds were used when hunting for hares, foxes, wolves and even large empty animals. Thanks to its physique and excellent endurance, they are better than other dogs adapted to the persecution of hunter production. Broke dogs the highest possible speed reaches the first 30 meters distance. The highest speed fixed by the bozes, reached 80km / hour, the average is 63 km / h. For comparison other breeds of dogs develop speed 30-50 km / h. Today, more and more greyhounds use for dog racing.

Moose, despite its dimensions and external not valuable and stability, if necessary, can develop quite high speed up to 75km / h. This is with an impressive physique: the length of the body of the moose is 3 meters, the height in the withers is more than 2 meters, the mass of the body is 360-600 kg, large males can weigh up to 700 kg. Also, males can boast their horns sizes that are impressive-180cm and weighing up to 30 kilograms. It is hard to imagine that it will be with those who will be on the path of moose if it will rush at its maximum speed. Even predatory animals bypass of these giants, fearing that they themselves may be a victim after a meeting with them.

Lions - rightly considered kings of the animal world. Lions by weight are inferior only by tigers from the Feline family. The length of the body of males is 1.7-2.5 meters, the body weight reaches more than 200 kg. The females are inferior in the size of the length of their body of 1.4-1.75 meters, and the weight is 120-182 kg. And of course the mane, which betrays the special greatness to the males of Lviv. It was the mane that helps the male to scare competitors and attract new females to Pride.

Thanks to powerful legs and strong jaws Lions are one of the best hunters in the world. Lions hunt groups, and if they define victim for themselves, it is almost a sentence for an animal. The maximum speed, which was recorded by Lviv, is 80km / hour, such speed they are shown at a distance of 20 meters. The average predator rate is 55-60 km / h. Such results demonstrate females, and the males are more lazy they sleep at 20 hours a day and very rarely take part in the hunt.

Thomson Gazelle does not have large sizes of its weight 25-30 kg, and the height in the withers is 0.65 meters. Gazelles live on open area, fear dense thickets. Thomson Gazelle's females live with flocks about 50-60 individuals in each pack. But it happens that the population of herd reaches several thousand. The males live on strictly certain territories. The main enemies of the playpalo are cheetahs, so the nature was awarded Thomson Gazelles with excellent speed. The average speed of animal is 87 km / h. At a distance of 600 meters, the speed is 68 km / h, and at a distance of 100 meters 94.2 km / h. Another plus of miniature gazelles the opportunity to high at high speed and excellent endurance.

Antilope GNU Another representative of Africa in the list of the fastest animals. An adult animal reaches a weight of 150-250 kg., And 115-140 cm. Growth in shoulders. GUN Elderly animal, the size of the herd is about 500-600 individuals. With annual migration in search of new pastures, such flocks cause significant damage environment. Maximum speed of GNU 80 km / h, and high speed 45-50 km / h Antelopes can support for an hour.

Opens the top three fastest animals globe Gazelle Grant. Like all representatives of the type of antelope, Gazel Grant is not large sizes, the weight of an adult animal is 45-65 kg, and the height is from 70 to 95 cm. As a gazelle Thomson and Antelope GNU, Gazelle Grant also live herds and migrate in search of food, the only difference is that the grant can do without water for a long time and Their migrations do not depend on the presence of water bodies. The maximum speed that these animals developed 100 km / h, such a result was fixed at a distance of 150 meters. The average is 85km / h at a distance of 1 km. Speed 50-55 km / hgazelle Grant can hold while overcoming long-term portions of the path. This animal is listed in the Red Book.

The honorable second place occupies one of the most ancient unfortunate animals of North America - Viloroga. That interesting name Animals received from the form of their horns resembling hooks. Wilorogs are not large animals: weight is 35-60 kg, body length 1-1.3 meters, and a height in the shoulders 80-100 cm. Wilorogs also reset their horns after the season reproduction, new recovery for 4 months.

In the cold season, the Wilorogues live herds with a pronounced young leader. When migrating at the head of the group, the female is moving, and the male closes herd, in order to customize the lagging animals. In the warm year of the year, females and single males are divided into small bands. Well, the second place in the dispute of the fastest animals, Wilorogs occupy a speed of 100 km / h, which can be developed on a plot of 200 meters, the average 90 km / h An animal can hold 5-6 km away. Wilorogues are also capable of running overcome obstacles with a height of 2 and 6 meters long.

Champion among all terrestrial mammals, the fastest animal in the world. Cheetah graceful representative of the Feline family, the size of an adult animal: weight from 40 to 70 kg, body length 115-140 cm. This predator carries a deadly danger to his victims. Cheetah for 3 seconds accelerates to 130 km / h, capable of maintaining speed 100 km / h At a distance of 400 meters, the maximum speed of 120 km / h is developing at 100 meters. At short distances, cheetahs are able to compete with racing cars. The body of the cheetah is not able to maintain a crazy speed at large distances.

The largest clusters of animals

The most numerous migrations of invertebrates

Many living creatures are obvious individualists. But even at certain times of the year they make numerous migrations. And it concerns not only vertebrate animals, but also those who have no spine.

Christmas Island is located in the Indian Ocean, three hundred kilometers from Java Island. On this plumb sushi, an area of \u200b\u200bonly 130 square kilometers, a lot of amazing creatures live with the most unexpected habits and features.

However, the "highlight" of the island are the famous red crabs GECARCOIDEA NATALIS. Their number in this small space is simply incredible: more than one hundred million rather large 10-centimeter creatures of the color of ripe rose hips.

They live in shallow minks in the upper part of the island. In the afternoon, they usually spend time in their asylums. And only at dawn and in the evenings, when the heat and air becomes more humid, the crabs are chosen out and proceed to the meal. They feed in mainly fallen fruits and juicy shoots. However, when this possibility falls out, they will not be refused from dead birds, and from lizard or snail.

When the most dry season comes, and it happens in winter on the island of Christmas, red crabs are closed in a mink and, shutting out the grass with a bunch of grass, flow into the hibernation for 2-3 months. They seem to disappear from the forest.

Red crabs on christmas island

But in November, when the southern summer is returned, they are chosen from the mink and for some time they refill. Accuming in the body necessary for reproduction the amount of nutrients, millions of crabs covered by the inexorable instinct of the proliferation of the genus are sent to the coast.

First, single red specks appear on forest glades and paths, which soon merge into large spots. Over time, they are combined into winding streams, and by the beginning of December, there are already whole streams of crabs flow to the ocean. It is here, on coastal stones and sand, in the tidal zone of the tide of the female will postpone caviar. After completing the final part of the journey to the sea, crabs are sent back to native places.

This "floating" multimillion armada of red crabs is a unique spectacle. Everywhere where neither see, the look rises on a moving avalanche from the red shells. Animals do not pay attention to any people or cars. And within a few days a few beaches of the christmas islands pours living river from red bodies.

A huge amount of small, magnitude with a bead, Chinese crabs also make migrations: they are moving in spring from the North Sea to the German River. They just two months ago left the cracker's cramor shell, but during this time they had time to get to Hamburg and Bremen, where they will remain wintering on the border of fresh and salt waters. When these crabs for two seasons will grow to five per-meantimeter length, in the spring they will leave oblique places and start moving up the river.

Antarctic krill moves huge shoals: studies have shown that in one cubic meter of water there are approximately 25 thousand individuals. And they are moving in such a huge flock of these small shrimps not randomly, but in a checker, so that the person floating ahead does not interfere with the back wave from its movement.

In gigantic flocks, often many other marine invertebrates are combined. But, probably, the largest clusters form insects, in particular, locust.

"There was a late October 1932, warm, beautiful, spring day. The weak wind blew from the southwest, and he brought trouble. From a height of 40-80 meters, like a snow blizzard, endless hordes of locust brought by the wind fell on the ground. For hours, the whole first, second and third days endlessly were their stream. Already in the near morning, all trees and bushes stood naked, the same as in winter! ..

After four weeks, the offspring of locusts was born. After another month, the invasion of the hungry flocks of Saranschuk began. Two days were enough so that there are no green leaves in the fields and gardens. Two days later, the same happened in the jungle; Even the bark on two-year trees was all eaten! "

Here is a description of the invasion of the South American locust left one of the eyewitnesses.

The hustling hordes of these rectified for many countries, especially in past centuries, became terrible economic, and a social disaster.

For example, from historical chronicles it is known that in 125 BC. e. Indecent flocks of locusts fell into the fields in the North African Roman provinces of Kerenaica and Numidia. As a result, wheat crops and barley were completely destroyed, and 800 thousand inhabitants of these countries died of hunger.

Naturally, such incredible vegetation devastation could only bring those packs of locusts in which there was a huge number of individuals. Indeed, in scientific and statistical reports on this detachment of insects, in some cases, simply fantastic figures of the number of locust are given.

So, one day, a pack was recorded that closed the sky on an area of \u200b\u200babout 250 square kilometers: according to approximate calculations, it contained about 35 billion insects, whose weight was about 50 thousand tons.

The reports on these insect describes the case when the package dropped on the ground, the locust occupied an area of \u200b\u200b4,200 square kilometers. This means that there are at least about 300-400 billion individuals in it.

And here are some more curious facts. In 1881, the inhabitants of Cyresichesed almost one and a half million tons of Saragg eggs. But in just two years, the locust postponed in the ground three times more eggs. Ten years later, the population of one of the districts of Algeria has destroyed about 560 billion eggs, about 1.5 trillion larvae and a huge amount of female females, that is, in a total of about 2.7 trillion adult locusts and its juveniles.

Of course, that individual individuals are united into such gigantic flocks, appropriate conditions are necessary. However, to establish them until 1915 scientists could not. It is at this time Russian researcher B.P. Uvarov found out one very important fact.

It turned out that for migratory locust, as for the other types of its species, the presence of two phases is characterized by the presence of two phases: elderly and single, each of which is characterized by characteristic morphophysiological and environmental features. That is, to become herd insect, young locust is needed whole complex factors. But how many specifically these factors are required and what exactly - while scientists cannot say. Research, as they say in such cases continue.

In addition to locusts are going to huge flocks and make long migrations and other insects.

For example, dragonflies. So, one of the types of dragonflies living on the African continent regularly performs flights along the Nile River. At the same time, dragonflies fly in exactly the selected direction and any counterbasses are not enveloped, but flying away.

Often long journeys are performed and mums-hoverings. Typically, these twigs are sent to distant wanderings when the reserves of the tools are reduced in their habitats, which feed their larvae. The mass flights of these flies were marked on the mountain passes of the Pyrenean Mountains.

Very often migrate butterflies. The most visual example of such journeys of the scrapers are North American Danaida - famous monarchs. It is their migration paths that are most studied by entomologists.

These large I. bright butterflies Often, in the autumn period, gigantic clusters form and go south. One such "cloud", consisting of monarchs, landed once in the state of New Jersey, stacking its bodies with a territory of 320 kilometers and more than 5 kilometers wide. Washing the night, the next morning the butterfly went on.

When the migration of the monarchs is completed, they are going to thousands on the same trees, not paying attention to the tree that stands next to the tree.

It is curious that these butterflies have two or three generations during the summer. However, the last journey is sent last of them. And that the most striking, these young creatures that do not even have the slightest experience of distant flights are accurately flying on a specific route to the places of wintering of their ancestors.

In general, numerous accumulations of butterflies in the sky were observed repeatedly. So, their invasions are marked at 1100, 1104, 1272, 1741, 1826 and 1906. In general, more than one and a half hundred such cases are registered on Europe.

Loves to travel and butterfly reure. These scrapers often form gigantic flocks and commit distant travel, flying out thousands of kilometers. For example, in 1942, a pack of repenets, consisting of about three trillion butterflies, flew over some states of the United States!

Migration of vertebrate animals

About the huge flocks of birds, flocks of animals or shoals of fish, which at some point are broken from the hidden places and go to long-distance roads, for a long time. Animals are driven into similar travels the most different reasons: Change of climate, hunger, ancient instincts of extension of the genus, etc.

Sometimes the community of migratory organisms reaches incredible numbers. Take at least fish. It is difficult to believe in it, but once in the ocean, a cant of herring was seen in the ocean, in which there were about 3,000,000 individuals.

Herring are often moved by huge shoals

The herring during migration in the polar seas can be moved, immersed by a significant depth, then be located almost at the surface itself. And the fish are moving as dense jambs that some fish, squeezed by their relatives in common packs, jump out of the water. Eyewitnesses assure that if sticking the paddle in this jamb, it will remain vertically.

Huge shoals move and pink salmon going to spawning in the river.

"With solar and quiet weather, the Soviet researcher MF writes. Pravdin, - from the middle of the river there is an extraordinary noise to the shore. The population rushed to the shore, and here everyone was admired for a long time, as a huge cant of humpbacks with strong noise and with unlimited jumping of individual fish went up the river, as if the new river broke into the river Greater. The strip of noisy fish has stretched at least as on the mile, so without exaggeration we can assume that there was not one million fish in this jamb. "

Sometimes marine snakes are going to huge flocks on the surface of the water surface. So, in 1932, a huge number of random woven serpentine bodies was observed in the Malaccian Strait. Living tape, which was formed by reptiles, with a width of three meters stretched approximately 110 kilometers. In this accumulation was about about a million snakes. What was the reason for such a mass accumulation of snakes? - It's hard to let. But, most likely, it was a marriage gathering.

Huge flocks form and birds, especially during the autumn and spring migrations. Often there are hundreds of thousands of individuals. This is especially true of small birds. However, it is unlikely that the records will be broken, which the American wandering pigeons installed in the previous century.

These birds lived in the United States and South Canada. When a flock of these birds appeared in the sky, it became so dark, as if the early twilight was coming. And it lasted this "eclipse" sometimes for quite a long time, since the birds have closed the entire sky from the edge to the edge for several hours.

American ornithologist Wilson describes a flock of pigeons, which stretched 360 kilometers. According to the approximate calculations of the zoologist, there were about 2,230,000,000 pigeons in this bird community. Another ornithologist - Odubon - reports about the flock of these birds, which united approximately 1,115,000,000 individuals!

But not only birds are going to huge flocks. In the migration period, gigantic communities form many mammals. So, once on Taimyr from the helicopter, a flock of deer with a number of 300 thousand individuals was noticed.

However, this is not such a big flock of wild mammals. Once on the American north, the flock of caribou, numbering millions of individuals. For example, one flock for four days of a continuous avalanche moved past amazed hunters. Subsequently, eyewitnesses of this "march-throw" of animals said that it was about twenty-five million deer in herd.

In the huge herds in search of pastures, Antelope Gnu, inhabiting in Tanzania gather. Animals are moved by an infinite flow, which sometimes occurs to one and a half million individuals.

And in 1929, one traveler met in Calahari a mixed herd of GNU and Zebras, in which, according to him, was about ten million animals!

Once on the endless expanses of the steppes and semi-deserts of South Africa, the so-called mountain hits were widespread. On the rainy season, when the Earth was covered with abundant greens, and rivers and lakes were filled with a lifeful moisture, these animals were nomaded from pasture to pasture. And so it lasted until drought fell.

Then the mountain hits left their native places and, gathering in huge herds, moved the savannah sovereed to the merciless sun in search of food and water. Some of these stades were up to a million animals.

Sometimes hunger, and perhaps, and some internal factors, are forced to be knocked into huge "hordes" and protein. So, B. late XIX. A century Unprecedented invasion of these animals was subjected to the city of Nizhny Tagil.

"The proteins walked alone," writes the famous Russian bibliographer and writer N.A. Rubakin, - that heaps, they went straight and straight, fled down the streets, led across the fences and hedges, climbed into the houses, filled the yards, jumped along the roofs. "

Proteins moved, not paying attention to any people nor the dogs that bang them in a huge amount. People also beat them a lot. And despite the danger, they still went. The invasion lasted until the evening. At night, animals were hidden, but as soon as the sky was glad, they continued their way. Three days of the protein were deposited by Tagil.

The city has flowed fast and wide chusovaya river. But she did not stop the countless mass of animals. They rushed into cold waves and, torn up the tails, sailed to another shore.

Already later it turned out that only a small part of the protein came to Nizhny Tagil. Their majority passed in eight kilometers from the city. In this Belichy Armada, several million individuals were supposed.

Mass migration marches are accomplished amazing, weighing from 70 to 100 grams, animals living in the Arctic tundra. And although these are not such rare mammals, it is not less to see them only in singles.

And this is due to the fact that the number of lemmings changes periodically, and in completely incredible limits: three or four years of animals in the afternoon do not find the fire, and then suddenly - "demographic explosion". Lemmings are sissed everywhere, as if fish in the lowroad. Riddle? Sure! However, as well as their sudden marchs, when lemmings suddenly gather in huge flocks and go to distant travel. Moreover, these peace-loving lumps of wool turn into very aggressive rodents.

Many legends are associated with these legend travels. For example, the myth of the collective suicide of rodents. Allegedly, when the number of lemmings increases, they, having rushing into huge flocks, head to the sea and rush together with a cliff into the punching. Today, biologists are confident: lemming suicide is fiction, although, perhaps, some unknown people are accomplished and provoke this phenomenon.

But the fact that the lemmings are not at all afraid of water, is true. At least it has long been noticed that during the migration of animals, neither cold rapid rivers, nor wide lakes. They sail two or three kilometers without much effort and, choosing to land, confidently continue their trip to the unknown. But so floating these tiny creatures only in calm water: when the wind flies and the waves rose, rodents are drown. By the way, it should be borne in mind that in this case we are talking about Norwegian lemmings, in contrast to which Canadian, for example, do not migrate at all.

And there are Norwegian lemmings exclusively in Scandinavia and on Kola Peninsulawhere under the three-meter layer and winter, being almost completely safe, as the enemies are difficult to get to their nests.

Lemmings do not fall into winter hibernation and therefore multiply even in the cold. The smell of females, ready to give birth to offspring, males feel at a distance of more than a hundred meters. And as soon as they catch him, right away from all sides, they rush to her and begin a fierce struggle for the right of possession of the "bride."

However, lucky will not long: after a short pairing, the female immediately drives him out for the threshold of the hole. And at the end of February she appears the first brood, in which there are only three or four young. But in summer, their twice is greater, and the female can give birth during this period.

But lemmings are behaved so much during the usual population number. When the animals become much, their character changes dramatically. The animals are going to the flocks and begin to migrate. In search of feed, they overcome distances in hundreds of kilometers. In these campaigns, the tundra females are experiencing such stress that they could not get pregnant.

In the behavior of the lemming, aggressiveness appears: putting on the rear legs, they are with a fierce peak and grunts rush to everything that moves - whether man, animal or car. The bite of angry rodent is very painful.

The lemmings are terribly voracious. The reason for such an appetite is in poverty of the diet, consisting mainly of moss and various herbs. Other food for rodents in the tundra is not. Two thirds of the lemmings eaten is simply "ballast", which is not even digested. It is in the "menu" of animals Some scientists see the regulator of the mysterious explosions of the number of lemming. The lack of feed delays the growth and ripening of lemmings - broods become smaller. When a lot of herbs and moss, the number of lemmings is rapidly increasing. Other zoologists believe that the number of lemming depends on the number of their main enemies - the ermine, the White Owl and the Polar Liser.

There is another hypothesis that binds the takeoffs of the lemming population with the protection mechanisms in the tundra plants of cotton and the sources that make up the basis of their diet. These plants synthesize special substances that block the effect of the lemming digestive juice. But while the animals absorb cotton and the sump moderately, the plants do not distinguish the poison in critical quantities.

When lemmings eat everything around, it happens when the number increases in tens and hundreds of times, the plants begin to synthesize the blockers substances continuously. As a result, the lemmings are unable to digest eaten grass.

In response, the body of the lemming begins to produce more and more gastric juice and as a result is depleted much faster than from ordinary hunger. And the more lemming eats, the hungry becomes. The result of a similar failure is, according to a number of scientists, mass migrations.

The longest migrations

In addition to the numerous individuals in one migration pack, the human imagination and the length of the path are struggling, which moves the animals sent to the distant journey.

Take, for example, polar stuff. These small white birds with "beretics" on the master's head nest in the north of Canada, Alaska, Siberia and Europe, as well as in Greenland. Sometimes they will settle so close to the pool that during surgery from the sky, snow flakes fall. And then the birds to protect the chicks from the cold, around the nests are heated in a heap of snow.

With the onset of autumn, the tasks suddenly leave the hurry places and go to the warm edges. Although you call the places where they hold the path, warm is also quite difficult, as these birds are winter. Antarctica.

Twice a year, polar masks fly from Canadian tundra to Antarctica and back

If the crags fly from Canada and Greenland, then their route runs first through Europe. British islands are found with Siberian and European relatives, and together along the coast of France and Portugal move to Africa. Reaching Senegal or Guinea, flocks of Krachek are divided into two sleeves: some fly to the fiery ground, others in the cold sea Ross and Weddell.

Twice a year, these irrepressible birds from the Canadian tundra to Antarctica will fly apart 19 thousand kilometers, that is, their way on both sides is equal to around the tight travel around the equator - almost 40 thousand kilometers.

Even longer flights make crags living on Chukotka. First, they fly along the Siberian coast of the Ice Ocean west. Then, reinforcing Scandinavia, turn to the shores of the African continent. And only after that a long zigzag flight rushed to Antarctica. At the same time, birds fly in one direction 30 thousand kilometers, and the same - in the opposite. And that's what is curious in this unique flight: crags, it turns out, we fly over cold oceanic trends, in which there are more vividness. Its they catch it, rushing in cold waters from a height. By the way, on the same, however, the pre-Water whales are moved by water routes.

Wilson's petrel also envelopes the Earth from the pole to the pole, only in the opposite direction. Winter he spends near Northern Scotland and Newfoundland, and chicks grows in the harsh climate of Antarctic Islands.

Famous swallows and haircuts also make considerable flights: their length is about ten thousand kilometers. At the same time, its air "march-throws" haircuts are nonsense: the birds are not only quenched in flight hunger and thirst, but even sleep on the fly.

But the church of Gagars in the distant path goes away. And they float north, although they run away from the winter. Paradox? Although! The fact is that by adding on the rivers of Siberia to the northern coast of the island of Taimyr, birds are included in the Kara Sea, where they immediately turn to the West. Then, coming to the Karian gate, go to the Barents Sea, which crosses, rich Scandinavia. After that throw, they fall into the North Sea, and only then to the West Baltic, where they spend the wintering. A decent path of the path overcome birds - 6 thousand kilometers. And almost all the time climb.

The unique result demonstrates the rzhanks that live in Alaska and Chukotka, but winter in Hawaii. There is no sushi between these two points of the land, but the birds over twenty-two hours of a futury flight overcome this distance equal to three thousand kilometers!

A striking migration over the length of migration and clumsy sealsThe reproduction of which occurs on the islands of profit and commander. As soon as the animals will grow up young, cats with a team go to swim in the south-samp direction, sometimes reaching even to Japan, and the "profitable" cats rush to the southeast to California. In this case, the length of the path whipped by animals in both ends is approximately 10,000 kilometers.

Usually, with the painfulness of coral reefs and the diversity of its inhabitants, in the waters open Ocean Tropics of living organisms are very small, since these waters are poor feeding resources. For this reason, in these places, there are practically no huge messenger whales that feed on small crustaceans - Cream.

And only the Caribbean Sea, as well as the sea around the Galapagos Islands, is sisha by Plankton and Fish, and such an abundant feed base loves many cetaceans here: dolphins, coushlots, blue and humpback whales.

They sail into these abundant foods of places from the polar seas, overcoming the sometimes distance of 6400 and more kilometers. And during such a long journey, they almost do not eat. Although some females during this period are in a state of pregnancy or feed the milk newborns.

Careful and perennial research sea turtles Surprised scientists with many of their behavioral features. For example, these reptiles are truly ambitious at their length oceanic travel. So, between 2006 and the beginning of 2008, the satellite constantly registered the movement of leathery turtles from the places of their nesting on the beaches of Papua to the coast of the American state of Oregon, that is, to the other side of the planet. This journey took 647 days. And during this time, the animals overcame the distance equal to 20,560 kilometers.

During migrations, many thousand kilometers leave and some fish. So, the challenge climbs up the Yukon River by 3.5 thousand kilometers. Flowing fish at a speed of twenty, and in certain periods and fifty kilometers per day.

But if salmon fish Sleeps float into their native rivers, then snipe-like eels, on the contrary, from rivers - to the sea, overcoming a distance of 6,000 kilometers. And they float in one place in the World Ocean - in Sargassovo Sea. It is here they droop caviar. Adult fish after spawning die, and back in the river of the year after three returns young.

Of course, such a huge length of migrations of large animals is amazing. But even greater surprise cause migration of insects, overcoming sometimes not hundreds, and thousands of kilometers through the air, flying over the endless seas and the highest mountains.

For example, a pack of locusts, originating in Africa, in a week may be in Europe, overcoming during this time almost two and a half thousand kilometers.

Butterfly-monarchs, inhabiting in the south-east of Canada, fly to wintering in Mexico, leaving the path of almost three thousand kilometers.

Of course, mentioning all the "round-world" travels of fish, birds, animals or insects are almost impossible, but also this information is enough to understand how long the distance overcome by many alive organisms during migrations.

Record invertebrate colonies

Often, single species of animals are combined into the community, and in fairly numerous. In general, the presence of colonial life forms is characteristic of many types and classes of invertebrate animals: ranging from the simplest and ending with spiders and insects. True, in most cases in these communities the number of individuals is small.

In addition, even if such communities are numerous, they often represent only tens, hundreds or thousands of individuals on a small area ground surface or at the bottom of the reservoir.

Of course, about all the organisms that live in big colonies or communities, it is almost impossible to tell in a small essay, so we will dwell only on some, in our opinion, the most interesting.

For example, on radolaria. The fact that these unicellites are united in colonies, scientists knew for a long time. But they did not see the true dimensions of these communities. However, in the warm waters of the Floridian flow, oceanologists sometimes stumbled into colonies that had a length of several centimeters to a meter and more. One can only assume how many millions of single-celled beings, a diameter in the hundredths of a millimeter, was in such huge communities.

But such giant colonies, of course, feed in accordance with their sizes. In their diet, conventional components are phytoplankton, molluscs, single radiolearies, small hydraulication and other organisms. As a source of food, they use photosynthesis products of their symbiontes, as well as themselves.

As it turned out, the colonies of radiolearies are a rather complicated biological structure. Thus, observations showed that the colonies are monitored over algae symbiontes. Their arrangement varies depending on the light mode: in the dark, algae are collected around the central capsule, they are evenly distributed in the light of the colony throughout the shapeless mass. And they carry out radolaries. This movement of symbiontes with their own pseudopodies.

Various types of radilation

At the ends of some colonies, especially those that are actively feed on the larvae of mollusks, are available special Educationwhere concentrated and then removed from the colony of the shell of the eaten larvae. Special pseudopods collected in bundles are collecting and transporting residues.

Huge colony sizes form some terrestrial animals. The emergence of such structures is associated with the reproduction of these animals by killing, when as a result of these processes from old polyps form new, which leads to an increase in the size of the colony. And since many corals colonies grow in all directions, sometimes they reach very impressive sizes: for example, some types of Porites have a volume of more than 100 cubic meters. If we consider that the size of one polyp is approximately 1-1.5 millimeters, then in such a volume there are at least tens of millions of polyps. And such a colony-giant appears as a result of the boring of the entire single polypa.

Form colonies and some types of flavors. But the community of these animals is small: they combine only 2500-3000 individuals.

Another group of animals, prone to the formation of colonies, - Msanka. And in general, in most of its own colonial organisms. And their communities are often consisting of a huge number of individuals. For example, a piece of flustrafoliacea colony weighing 1 gram contains about 1330 individual organisms. This msanka is growing sometimes up to several meters, reaching kilogram weight.

And some types of Msnok covers their bodies of the area over 200 square meters. At the same time, the height of the colonies reaches sometimes 12 centimeters.

It is known about the existence of colonies and in such individualists as spiders. Puchis communities are registered with spiders of Theridion Nigroannulatum. They live in nests, in which several hundred, ATO and thousands of individuals are sometimes going.

When spiders hunt, from their dwellings they stretch the threads to leaves and are waiting for the appearance of the victim. While everything seems everything happens according to the usual spider script. But further spiders show something new and original.

At that moment, when the insect concerns the thread and falls into the trap, pops up from shelter large group Spiders and drags the victim by sticking cobweb, while also injected her a fairing portion of poison.

Moreover, hunting, spiders contact each other not only during the attack on the sacrifice, but then. For example, if the extraction is too heavy, then they drag it, flowing each other in turn.

But the attack on the sacrifice the agreed actions of spiders are not limited. When this Vataga of the octopov hunters will drag the housing in the dwelling, the principles of collectivism are also observed here: each of the inhabitants of the nest receives its portion of food.

But this is not all the "oddities" of this species.

Speaking about thousands of individuals in one colony, it should be emphasized that it is rare exceptions. As a rule, only a few dozen individuals live in one nest. If the community is really consisting of many and many hundred spiders, then sometimes such huge settlements on the unknown reason for the reason suddenly diluted in a few days are scattered into small groups. By the way, this species was discovered in 1884. Zoologists learned about his own social structure only over a hundred years.

South African spiders from the genus Stegodifus also prefer to live in large communities. They together and the hostel, the bag is similar, build, and the casual threads from him stretch along the parties, and they throw together. Moreover, even dinner at one table without "moving and fighting".

Moreover, these spiders are so hospitable that even the caterpillars of some butterflies do not drive, do not kill, but generously suffer, accurately lazy households. But the caterpillars do not remain. Picking up their spiders, they are thus watching the cleanliness in the spray community. Evaluating such generosity and trust, butterflies that appeared from the caterpillars, do not hurry to leave benevolent stegodifus.

Inhabit public spiders usually warm areas of the globe. They can be found in the forests of Amazonia, in Africa and in Australia, separate species inhabit Mexico and in India.

But among insects there are several groups that are of a different life except life in big communities, hardly imagine. These winged creatures are primarily public insects: bees, bumblebees, many species, ants, termites. And the most largest colony forms the last two groups.

So, in the small volume of anthills there are from 100 to 200 thousand insects, in the middle - 400-700 thousand. And in the gigantic nests of red forest ants and American-leaf-labeling, the genus ATTA often numbered about five million insects.

However, none of the insects, probably, in the number of individuals in the colony, will not compare with termites. But since different types Termites have different fecundity, the number of people in one meter - the dwelling of these insects - can differ significantly. Based on the fruitiness of the uterus, you can approximately calculate the population of one family of termites.

So, the uterus of the tourism termit carries approximately 100 eggs per hour, and the Termes Bellicosus female puts 30,000 eggs per day, and a year - about ten million nine hundred and fifty thousand.

At the same time, the "production" of eggs it is engaged in continuously day and night. Given the same size of the fracthers reaching 6, 10 and even 12 meters in height, it can be assumed with a high degree of confidence that there are not one million individuals in them.

However, the competence of ants and termites in the struggle for the pedestal can be one of the types of crustaceans - a deserted moc., Which in the desert, on favorable areas for living, forms huge colonies. And although each family, in general, land plots are small - the size of the palm, but the territory has fallen into love with mocity occupies a huge area inhabited by several millions of these strange crustaceans.

Curious family-colonial relations exist in Caribbean, or royal, shrimp-clutches, who live in almost all major sponges on the barrier reef. Moreover, each of them is from 150 to 300 racks. But at the same time, in each "family" there is only one prolific female. And the rest of its inhabitants are represented by young and males, one of which, if the "queen" suddenly perbs probably turns into a female. That is, these crustaceans, like bees, ants and termites, can be called social animals with full right. If we talk about the quantitative composition of all shrimp-shortcuts living in sponges of the barrier reef, then their number is even difficult to imagine: at least they are not one million.

Large spinal colonies

Many types of vertebrates for breeding period and in places with abundant food resources are collected in huge communities. But among these organisms, species, for a long time living in large colonies, not so much.

Among the fish, an example of such a community can be called several types of tubular acne. These snake-shaped fish have a middle length about 50 centimeters. They live on the seabed in special, the same pipe-like nera themselves. The walls of these structures are so tightly strengthened with a sticky substance that produce skin glands of acne, which is never collapsed, although the fish pulls her body into a mink fast and sharp movement.

When everything is calm around, the lower part of the eel is hidden in the mink, while the upper sticks over the bottom surface. Eel at this time smoothly swinging, capturing small organisms. But as soon as the threat to the life of the fish, they immediately hide in their asylums.

Ninks of acne are usually one of the other at a distance of about twenty -stessing centimeters. At the same time, the area occupied by settlements of these fish is calculated by many hundred square meters. This means that several tens of thousands of acne can be located on such an area.

River Mine Forest Larvae - Pest

Almost the same way of lifestyle, like tubular acne, lead the larvae of river mine ebes-fork. They, too, are buried in the orstate bottom, cementing the walls of their mink by sticky discharge. At the same time, pecked places will settle so tightly, "that the bottom of the river shakes, if you look at the top, looks like a sieve: everything is in small holes." You can not doubt that tens of thousands of larvae live in such colonies.

Large communities are going sometimes birds. Probably, everyone heard about bird bazaars where there are hundreds of thousands and even millions of chaps, krachek, penguins, albatrosov, oleshi. Thus, in some nesting colonies, Penguin Adeli gathers several tens of thousands of birds, and on the island of Ross, one time existed a colony in which he had to half a million individuals.

The famous flamingos dwelling in Eastern and South Africa are going to very numerous groups. Sometimes there are several million birds in their "companies". Often such colonies can be observed on the East African Great Lakes. However, there are no special friendship with these birds. Sometimes, however, they are trying to expel large companies from their possessions of predators.

However, some species of birds live although small, but real hostels, where both shelter and care are common. So, South American cucks from the genus Ani are gathering a small company and build a large deep nest. Then all the females who participated in construction work are postponing in this nest eggs. Usually eggs 15-20, but sometimes they are recruited even about fifty. In the accidents of eggs, several birds are also involved at the same time, which periodically change each other on the masonry. When chicks appear on the light, they also feed them with the whole world. Moreover, males work along with females.

Unique colonies in the settlers of African Savannan - white buffalo birds. They build a lot of nests in the crown of one tree, between which spiny branches are placed. The result is a common "house", in which the entrances and individual "apartments" are located below. At the same time, such a "communal apartment" can have 2-3 meters in diameter.

The collective nests of public weaver are also achieved. First, several birds find a suitable tree and begin to build a roof from branches and dry grass on it. Then, inside this frame, each pair of monogamous birds builds its own nesting chamber. All nest resembles an abandoned sane tree, penetrated by the downstreams directed downwards.

Year after year, the birds are completing their nest, as a result of which the age of some nests reaches more than a hundred years. At the same time, there are up to 300 socket cameras in such jacks. And the size of these nests is impressive. For example, the length of one of such structures was 7 meters, width - 5 and height - 3 meters.

Build collective nests and parrots monks. They also have "homes" with a common roof, but with separate rooms for each couple.

From our birds, many thousands of colonies are characteristic of the grits, corners, docks, starling.

For many cities of their settlements are a real disaster. Large accumulations form often herons and cormorants. Especially close to artificial reservoirs.

For example, on large fish farms, the number of cormorants is calculated by thousands.

From mammals, probably, the most numerous colonies are characteristic of meadow dogs. Externally, these half-meter animals are similar to the inhabitants of the steppes - Surkov, although they are lit like dogs. Each family has its own separate residential house-nora, outside connected with neighboring housing narrow paths.

Now these rodents have dubbed. And before they lived with the colonies of incredible sizes. So, in the 60s of the XIX century, in the US state, Texas discovered the colony of meadow dogs, in which approximately 400 million animals. According to the occupied area, this settlement was twice more territory of the current Holland.

Previously, the crumbs were settled by large colonies. But the invasion of man in the steppe significantly reduced their number. Nevertheless, in our time there are numerous settlements of these animals. For example, in the Melok district, the colony of Surkov has about 8,000 holes. This means that in the colony in the peak of its development can dwell by several tens of thousands of animals.

Zoologists have information about the huge colonies of bats. For example, quite recently, in the south, the Philippines in the area of \u200b\u200bMindanao found a cave in which about 1.8 million weldows breed and breed.

The attraction of the American city Austin is a huge colony of bats living under the bridge. This settlement of the winged mammals has about one and a half million.

Near the Mexican city of San Antonio is also a wonderful place: this is a visit, which for folds, or bulldog, manochable is a kind of maternity home. For a period of reproduction, up to 10 million females from many Corners of Mexico are flowing. And some of them, to be in this place, have to overcome a distance of 1800 kilometers.

Each female usually gives birth to one young. As a result, the density of kids in this underground grotto reaches 3000 per 1 square meter of the ceiling. These are the most populated bird nursery in the world. And it's amazing: Returning from the night hunting, the mother approximately 85% of cases finds and feeds his cub. And to do it, it is probably helped by a great memory, surprisingly acute hearing and an excellent sense of smell.

By the way, scientists have long been interested in the question of how managed to feed the multi-million flocks of bats that live in some America's caves. After all, a colony of 10 million individuals eats about 100 tons of insects per day. In the end, they do not feed the same air. Then what?

And finally the mystery was resolved. It turned out that these mice feed. At an altitude of 2-3 kilometers from the ground. It would seem that this is a clear paradox: after all, it is very difficult to assume that such an abundance of insects can be found daily on such huge altitudes.

But the fact is that there are huge flocks of butterflies from Mexico on such heights. And they make such flights every day. And bats, "catching" this amazing pattern, in their behavior began to follow it. Is it just like easy?

But naked farmer is a mammal living in Africa, although it does not differ in the numerous colonies, but has a number of other curious features. For example, these animals are almost completely devoid of hair cover. Live underground, where at a depth of about two meters, the long, four centimeters in diameter, holes connecting into one overall household socket cameras, restrooms and feed plots. The length of these tunnels is 3-5 kilometers, and the annual Earth emissions during digging are 3-4 tons. In this underground kingdom, it sometimes lives to 250 individuals.

But the most curious is not even this. It is much more interesting that the colonies of naked farms are built on the same principle as the colonies of public insects: they have a division of labor, as well as one constantly puced uterus.

Dangerous animal immigrants

Above already described about those groups and types of animals, which constantly live with numerous colonies or are going to huge herds, flocks or shoals during reproduction or when they migrate in search of the best habitats.

But outside of our attention, another group of organisms remained, which gave a record population outbreaks after a person moved to new places for them, where they did not meet the limiting environmental factors.

1853 year. The American scientist Aza Fitch on the leaves of the grapes find a tiny insect, which turned out to be a toe of an unknown look. Subsequently, in the registers of zoological science, it was listed under the name Phylloxera Vastatrix, or, simply speaking, Filloxers.

After 15 years, this insect suddenly gave itself to know in France. A tiny creature was set on the roots of the grape vines, all the juices sucking it, and the bush died. During this sudden attack in France, Filloxer reduced two and a half million acres of vineyards. The damage caused by the economy of France Filloxus was incredible: ten billion golden francs!

Grape leaf struck by Filoxer

But not only France occupied a modest TLL. In 1869, she already hosted in the vicinity of Geneva, then moved to Germany and Austria. And in 1880 she visited the Crimea, Kuban, Bessarabia, Tashkent.

Changed the situation with the vineyards of a small tick, which by thousands destroyed the phylloxer. These crumbs from America brought to Europe and released on the vineyards. They are too. Save the position.

No less dizzying success in the development of the European continent, another "American" was achieved - the Colorado Beetle. Indeed, his homeland is the West of North America, where it is before the appearance of cultural potatoes dwell on the wild plants of the Polenic family.

But in 1865, in 1865, it seems to be no noticeable bug appeared on the Potato Fields of Colorado, and at the same time caused them serious damage. At the place of his homeland, he received the present name. To prevent its further distribution, appropriate sanitary measures were taken. But they did not help: Soon the pest was a confident "taught" not only in North America, but also appeared in Europe. He was trying to restrain him with all available means. But the final victory of a man over the Colorado Beetles was prevented by the First World War.

At this time, Europeans were not to sanitary control, and soon the dangerous pest was reliably "swallowed" in the French coast. Then, despite the efforts of the quarantine services, the Colorado Beetle, manifesting non-life activity, quickly spread throughout the countries of Central Europe.

In 1933, he appeared in England. Three years later, housing in the fields of Belgium, Holland, Switzerland. Then demonstrated his non-commodity appetite in Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary.

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