Since a long time, among people, among people there were myths about gigantic mounds from the abyss, thirsty blood and flesh of travelers. The unexplored depths of the ocean, to conquer that were not able to be then the object and the main reason inventions, fairy tales and terrible non-pieces relating to his mysterious inhabitants. It is worth saying that even today, no one can accurately assert that the water space of the planet, the so-called abyss, studied to the end. Ancient records tell about how Monsters with huge tentacles from the sea depths attacked ships and galleys, by carrying them on the pulp. Those who managed to stay after the attack alive very often embellished their stories about unprecedented beings, attributing fictional abilities and distorting their appearance. Because of all the above-mentioned factors, to establish who the wanderers met exactly, it was almost impossible.
Today the situation has changed somewhat, and about some unusual inhabitants of the seas and oceans, humanity has become known. In the article we would like to talk about the biggest squids in the world, namely, to tell about their distinctive features, characteristic features Views and bring interesting and reliable facts about huge sea monsters.
The habitat of huge mollusks
It is known that it is known that there are giant squid on Earth, which inhabit the depths of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Also, these cephalopod mollusks can live in the seas, both in warm and cold. People have repeatedly managed to catch individuals that could be called the most large squid in the world. Sometimes it even happened that the giant was destroyed by the vessel with his attempts to attack. However, when such events took place for the first time, humanity did not have the necessary equipment in order to study the features of the caught animal. Modern technologies allow you to thoroughly explore these living beings and provide full information about them.
Giant architectice and first mention of him
One of the most major inhabitants Oceanic depths are the giant squid, or architectice, as they call it in scientific books. The individuals of this species prefer to be in moderate and subtropical latitudes of all 4 oceans. Live gigantic squids at a depth of a few kilometers and only sometimes float on the surface. The first mention of architectice is found at the end of the 19th century. During the next sea Travel 1887, which took place near the coast of New Zealand, the sailors found a strange and frightening creature. It was not difficult to notice it, because the storm waves of a huge mollusk simply thrown into land. According to the expedition, the expedition managed to get in place, the size of an unusual find hit the imagination. The length of the monster's body reached incredible sizes - 17.5 meters, and 5 of them were only tentacles. Mantle adult individual was also not small - about 2 meters. Unfortunately, it was not possible to establish the exact weight of the sea monster at that time, but, judging by the above parameters, it was large enough.
Successful attempt to explore a huge inhabitant of depths
The next part named one of the most big squid In the world, was discovered in Antarctic 120 years after the first mention of marine Court. In 2007, fishermen caught a deep-sea inhabitant whose body reached 9 meters long. Then the weight of the find managed to easily establish because the fishing tankers currently have all necessary equipment For weighing the catch right on board. The giant squid surprised the crew with its dimensions, since his mass was just over 500 kilograms.
Awesome Mesonihotis
Currently, it is known that architectis is far from the only appearance of the inhabitants of the depths, frightening humanity with their dimensions. Since time immemorial, another representative existed on Earth giant Monsters The types of charts of mollusks -Ezonihotevtis. This giant squid monster is considered one of the largest today. It can be called closely relatives of architectice, only he is much majestic. Mesonihhotis - sole representative A kinda, because, unlike architectice, his weight is somewhat larger: only the mantle of adult individuals reaches the breathtaking sizes, the length is equal to four meters. By the way, another name of the giant is colossal.
Cachelot stomach content that opened new facts science
The first records about Mesonihhotis were made in the early 19th century. British Zoologist Robson explored the tentacles mined from Cachelot's stomach caught on the southern Isles of Scotland, and concluded that they could only belong to the aforementioned sea Giant. In the future, for many years, no information relating to the charts of squid-monsters has not been received.
Big fortune scientists
After a significant period of time after the study, the proven of the sea monster Robson, scientists discovered 4 eggs in the long-scale Atlantic, presumably left by molluscs. After examining their composition and origin, they came to the conclusion that the eggs really belong to the female squid rare View Mesonihotevtis. Scientific data appeared in 1970, that is, almost 50 years after the first Robson experiment. The characteristics and features of the preserved masonry were carefully studied by experienced specialists of the time. And 9 years after research work It was possible to catch the adult sex of Mesonihotis. The dimensions of its mantle in length were 117 cm, and it was a female of the biggest squid in the world.
Bloodthirsty and terrible Kraken: fiction or reality?
On the giant squid, whose history goes to a distant past, go legends and now. The ancient navigators told the unprecedented marine monsters who attacked the vessel, covered them with their tentacles and carried everything alive on the seabed. These mythicals at those times creatures received nicknames of Kraken. Until the end of the 16th century, they were considered fictional. However, after a time, mankind was convinced of the opposite, because Kraken's heated as shore was first found, and subsequently presented in the form of an exhibit in the Dublin Museum. By the way, Kraken - the most big squid In the world that science knows today.
Distinctive features of Kraken
From others oceanic inhabitants The giant mollusk is characterized by a head having a cylindrical shape on which something resembling a bird beak is located. It is them that he captures and grind prey. Kraken's eyes are considered the largest compared to the organs of vision of all other animals living on the planet Earth. Their diameter is 25 cm. The color of the creature varies depending on the arrangement of the Spirit: from the dark green to the bloody-red. The largest squid in the world and his peculiarity in the form of a thickening language, which mollusk pushes prey to the stomach, instills the fear even in experienced seafarers.
Giants attack people
It is worth noting the fact that the captain of the Norwegian fisherman tanker Arne Grenningzager told quite recently to society amazing storyThat concerned the huge Kraken. According to him, the giants represent an incredible danger to people who devoted their life to the fishing business, or just those who like to be in the sea. The fact is that his ship "Brunswick" several times was attacked by the aforementioned monster. The captain told the tactics that the mollusk chooses to attack: he first floats to the surface of the water from the abyss, then for a short time accompanies the vessel, as if waiting for a certain point, and then lightningly snaps out of the water and throws up the ship. Only due to the fact that the Shepalz of the pinched monster could not cling to the surface of the deck and the trimming of the ship, the crew managed to escape and remain unharmed in an unequal battle.
Fixed values
If we talk about specific figures that relate to the enabarits of huge underwater inhabitants, and answer the question about the size of the biggest squid in the world (their body length), then it is worth disappointing seekers of such information. Until the present day, any definite values \u200b\u200bare installed by science. Experts only assume that the length of the body of chalnings inhabitants in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe World Ocean and preferring its bottom, can exceed 50 meters.
Interesting facts about gigantic squids
There are several exciting and real facts about the life of huge and frightening inhabitants of the depths. We will list only the most interesting of them:
- Currently, a mammal is known, which can attack one of the largest squid in the world (the name of his architectice) is a coushlot. In the past, to this day, there were real contractions between opponents, in which, as a rule, won Cachelot. It is due to the content of the stomach of the mammal science, it was possible to establish the fact of the existence of a deep-water giant.
- The first photos of adults giant squid were made in Japan. Mollusk-ogrost found on the surface of oceanic waters and pulled off ashore. Save an exclusive inhabitant sea Fauna Alive failed. Squid died during the day after removing it from the water. Nowadays, the remains of this creature are stored in the Japanese Museum of Nature and Science.
- The "buoyancy" of the biggest squid in the world, the dimensions of which are really affected by the imagination, is carried out due to the content of aluminum chloride solutions, which has a lower density than sea water. Because of this property distinguishing it from other marine inhabitantshaving an air bubble, deep-water giant squid is unsuitable for food for a person.
- The age of squid is determined by their beak.
- Unlike other deepwater inhabitants, the brain and nervous system Squids are extremely developed and still remain a mystery and subject matter for scientists and specialists in the given area.
- Despite their own improving sizes, Giant squids may remain invisible to their prey. This is evidenced by the imprints of the suckers on the bodies of whales, subject to attacks of these monsters. Scientists have proven that architectures, mesonihotes and krakens lead a passive lifestyle. However, during prey hunt, they show activity and dodging.
- In the premonition of the danger, the colossal squid produces a protective fluid, mortal and other marine creatures.
- One suction cup, which is located directly on the tentacles of the giant squid, interveges about 20 liters of water.
RESULTS
In conclusion, I would like to say that it all does not matter how the largest squid in the world looks. Stories, which seeds for gigantic krakens told, go to the distant past. Only the facts remain - irrefutable, reliable. But here is a paradox: some of them still remain a secret for zoologic scientists. Today, everyone knows that the gigantic squid is not a fiction, but a reality that is covered by Fler's mystery.
- Loliginidae.
- Australiteuthidae.
- Ancistrocheiridae.
- Architeuthidae (giant squid)
- Bathyteuthidae.
- Batoteuthidae.
- Brachioteuthidae.
- Chiroteuthidae.
- Chtenopterygidae.
- Cranchiidae (crane)
- Cycloteuthidae.
- Enoploteuthidae.
- Gonatidae.
- Histioteuthidae.
- Joubiniteuthidae.
- Lepidoteuthidae.
- Lycoteuthidae.
- Magnapinnidae.
- Mastigoteuthidae.
- Neteuthidae.
- Octopoteuthidae.
- Ommastrephidae.
- Onychoteuthidae.
- PHOLIDOTEUTHIDAE.
- Promachoteuthidae.
- Psychroteuthidae.
- Pyroteuthidae.
- Thysanoteuthidae.
- WalvisTeuthidae.
Squid (Lat. Teuthida) - a detachment of ten challenges. Usually have dimensions 0.25-0.5 m, but gigantic squid kinds Architeuthis. Can reach 16.5 meters (counting tentacles) and are the largest invertebrates.
Areal
Squid live almost in all climatic belts, including the arctic, but most often found in moderate and subtropical waters.
Description
Squids living in the northern seas are small in comparison with southern relatives size and mostly not painted. Squids have five pairs of tentacles. The fourth pair lengthened in the process of evolution. The location of the suction cup on the tentacles varies. Kalmarov's respiration organs are comb of gills. Feelings are two stavocistsist, eyes and papillas.
Squids have a streamlined torpedo-shaped body, which allows them to move at high speed "tail" forward, the main way of movement is reactive. Along the body of a squid runs the cartilage "arrow" that supports the body. It is called Gladius and is the rudiment of the inner shell.
The color is diverse, most types of color changes under the action of electrical discharges.
Lifestyle
All squid - predators, have suckers on tentacles to catch extraction and salvation from enemies. Most squids are three hearts, each of which is connected to one of the three pairs of the main tentacles. Due to this, squid predominates the ability to regenerate.
Eating food
Many species of squid are edible, they are used in cooking and are an object of fishery. Food is a carcass of squid and tentacles. The skin is cleared. The main methods of cooking squid: boiling, canning, frying, quenching, taking. Used in salads together with other seafood and as an independent snack.
Prey
Squids are mined in the southern seas asian countries: Vietnam, China, Japan, etc., as well as in the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk. Also mined on the shelf of Patagonia and the Falkland Islands, near Peru.
see also
- Kraken
- Ordinary squid
- Pacific squid
- Giant squid
- Colossal squid
- Kalmar dried
Squid brilliance in light and in complete darkness
Notes
- Rawat, R. Anathomy of Mollusca. - 1. - NEW DELHI, INDIA: International Scientific Publishing ACADEMY, 2010. - P. 9. - ISBN 9788182930285.
Scientific mystic. In the kitchen of Japan there is a dish "Dancing squid" Mollusk is placed in a bowl with rice and watery soy sauce. The killed animal begins to move. Mystic? Not. Sodium contains in the sauce.
Nervous squid fibers react to it, shrinking. The interaction is possible within a few hours after the catch of the mollusk from the sea. Caught someday pike?
Separating it after 5-10 hours of lying outside the water, you find out that the fish is tight, and her heart beats. And what about the chickens running after the head of the head? So, there is no amazing in the posthumous dance of Squid. Its more in the life of the creature. About her and talk.
Squid description and features
It is called the primacy of the sea. This indicates the upper step of the evolution, which Kalmar occupies among the cephalopions. In its class, the hero of the article is the most advanced brain and even there is a cartilage like of a skull.
Bone education helps protect the thought body. It provides a complex behavior of a squid. An animal is capable of cunning, deception and other intellectual tricks.
The trick is also combining the brain with other organs and animal functions. So, U. giant squid The thinking center has a donut form. The hole in the center is assigned to the esophagus. In other words, squid - Molluskwhich eats through the brain.
The article's mouth of the article is so powerful that reminds the beak of the bird. The density of the chitinous jaw allows the skull of large fish. The fat lord animal is also nipple, snacks.
If the mollusk is still caught and fell into the human mouth, confusion can happen. Registered several cases of discharge with unsaturated sperm squids. Most precedents are recorded in Japan and Korea. So, in January 2013, Sperm Mollusk was the cause of the hospitalization of the visitor of one of the restaurants of Seoul.
Sea Calmarin the "Dancing" dish came to life when he began to chew. An animal thrown into the mucous membrane and the cheeks of the visitor restaurant 12 spindle-shaped bags with sperm. Alien substance caused a burning distance. The woman spat the dish and caused doctors.
In Russia, there are no such cases fixed. There are regions where a squid is a familiar dish, for example, Far Eastern. However, on domestic expanses of mollusks purify from internal organs and cook well. In Asian countries, squid is rarely clean.
Calmar is counted for the body structure. The limbs are not separated from it. The leg, transformed in the process of evolution of 10 tentacles, departs from the head of the animal, surrounding the mouth. The mollusk has a familiar location. The structure of the organs of view is like human. At the same time, the eyes are able to follow every different object.
Squid's body - muscular mantle with thin chitin plate. It is located on the back and is the residue of the shell. Its frame is not needed by squid, because they developed jet propulsion.
Dipping the water, cutting the body and throwing threads, mollusks are floating faster than many fish. When created spaceships, the first rockets, scientists were inspired by the squid. Further, details about their lifestyle.
Lifestyle and habitat squid
The lanterns could also be inventing, looking at squid. Their bodies are equipped with photographers. Called mollusks have bluish points on the skin. If a kalmar bigThe photophors reach 7.5 millimeters in diameter.
The structure of "lamps" resembles a device of automotive headlights, lanterns. Bacteria serve as a source of light. They feed in ink squid. Mollusk fills the dark fluid of photophors when he wants to turn off the light. By the way, on the body of a mollusk can be "lamps" 10 different designs. There are, for example, "models", able to change the direction of the rays.
Some squids are even named after their ability to die. So, in the bay of the Tias off the coast of Japan, a firefly dwells. More precisely, the mollusk lives at a depth of 400 meters. To the coast of the colony bends in June-July. This is the time of excursions when tourists admire the bright blue water of the bay. Scientists, at this time, break the heads, why Calmaram photophors. Versions are several.
The most real: - The light attracts the production of chapatures, that is, a small fish. The second opinion: - The radiance of squid scares predators. The third assumption about the role of photophors is associated with the communication of mollusks among themselves.
400-500 meters - standard depth limit on which it is capable of living squid. Dwellsbelow only giant View. Its representatives meet 1000 meters under water. At the same time, the gigantic squid and the surface rises. Here they caught an individual with a length of 13 meters, and weighing almost half a ton.
Most squid live at a depth of about 100 meters, looking for an or sandy or sandy bottom. He is rushed to him in winter. IN summer time Squids rose to the surface.
Most of the population dwells in the northern part Atlantic Ocean. Here catching squid carried out from before North Sea. Ornate champion and Mediterranean.
In the Adriatic squid, too, are found. Tighten the individual is difficult, as animals migrate. Stimulus for Movement - Food Search. In addition to fish in the course there are wraps, other mollusks, even relatives.
They are caught by two tentacles, injecting a paralyzing poison. From immobilized squids, small pieces of flesh, slowly drinking them. Having touched the strength and waiting for the summer, squid begins to reproduce. Fertilization leads to the laying of eggs. It looks like a sausage, top with a film, and inside Ikrinka. After, parents are removed.
After about a month, centimeter siblings appear on the light, immediately starting an independent life. It is possible only where the salinity of water is 30-38 ppm per liter of water. That is why squid no in the Black Sea. The salinity of its water does not exceed 22 ppm.
Types of squid
Let's start with the Pacific Squid. It is his habitual to see on the shelves of domestic shops. True, the Russians are accustomed to calling the Mollusk Far Eastern, at the place of catch.
The dimensions of individual start from a quarter and ends half meters. This is with tentacles. Single squid reaches 80 centimeters. Lives at depths to 200-meters. The desired water temperature is 0.4-28 degrees Celsius.
The second of the main species of squid - Commander. It is also implemented in Russia, sometimes, ahead of the mass of sales of Pacific. Commander view less, grows up to a maximum of 43 centimeters.
Standard size 25-30 centimeters. Representatives of the species are characterized by the ability to swim at depths of up to 1,200 meters. The surface holds young. He is mainly falling on the counter. The extermination of the species was the reason for the foundation of the Commander state Reserve. There are catching squid forbidden.
It remains to mention the European squid. Meatone individual weighs up to 1.5 kilos. The length of the animal body, while it is 50 centimeters. The species swims to the depths of up to 500-meters, usually keeps on the 100th. In individuals, short tentacles, light body. In the Pacific, it, for example, gray, and the teams are reddish.
There are still gigantic, Peruvian and Argentine squid. They can be seen only outside of Russia. ABOUT big video said. Peruvian low-pass. Harm squidlies in ammonium lift and, in fact, in the meat of ammonia itself. The Argentine species is intense, but loses it after freezing. Sometimes, Argentine mollusks are found in canned food.
Nutrition Kalmara
In addition to fish, crawling, worms and a similar hero of the article catches plankton. Another product of the diet is associated with palmara benefitfor the environment. Channels are tagged with algae. Their squid scraps with stones.
It enlightens the bottom of the bottom and does not give water to bloom. If the goal is a living being, the hero of the article to hunt an ambush, heals the victim. The poison is injected by the Radule. This is a set of teeth in an elastic shell. They not only supply poison, but also hold prey while she tries to escape.
The reproduction and life expectancy of squid
Salmari seed bags are in a special tube. Could meet her, cleaning the carcasses. The length of the tube from the 1st centimeter to the 1st meter, depending on the type of mollusk. Females take seed material into the deepening near the mouth, on the back of the head, or in the mouth.
The location of the fossa depends, again, from the type squid. Pricesperm receiving, sometimes, months of her tooling. The males do not take girlfriends by age. Often, the seed is transmitted by the rapid female and stored in it until the reproductive period of life is reached.
When children appear, the father may not be alive. Most squid dying aged 1-3 years. Only gigantic individuals live more. Their limit is 18 years old. Old squid, as a rule, lose taste qualities, harsh, even with minimal heat treatment. So, to catch and cook in food trying young. His meat is considered dietary.
Calorie Salmarait is only 122nd units per 100 grams of the product. On the proteins of them there are 22 grams. Fats are less than 3rd, and only 1 gram is allocated on carbohydrates. The rest is water. In the bodies of squid, like most animals, it is the basis.
Catching squid and octopuses for most people living in the CIS, with the exception of residents of the Far East of Russia, to this time is the most real exotic, more relevant for tourist travel In hot countries, where they can offer any fishing for money, including hunting for champion mollusks in the day and evening. It often the impression is that the squid and octopuses themselves are not a cult facility of amateur fishing in Russia and the CIS countries due to the fact that they are extremely rare in the everyday food diet. Well, admit when you last time Elutes squid or octopus? Half year ago?! Something!
Based on the foregoing, everyone who caught, catches and continues to constantly catch squids and octopuses for the drive and for excellent lunch or dinner, deserves all sorts of respect and attentive listening to the methods of mining of these chalnges with a completely different devices and fixtures. Below in the text, we will provide the word professional sea fishing, as well as a passionate hunting lover of squid and octopus Igor King of Red Woman's Heart, and now do small retreat, told about potential objects of fishing from a scientific point of view.
The main species of squid mined in the World Ocean
Squid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animals Type: Mollusks Class: Championship Subclass: Colaoids Supply: Timatius (Mollusks) Detachment: Squidra
Teuthida.Sublocks and families
Loliginidae Australiteuthidae Ancistrocheiridae Architeuthidae (Giant squid) Bathyteuthidae Batoteuthidae Brachioteuthidae Chiroteuthidae Chtenopterygidae Cranchiidae (cranchiidae) Cycloteuthidae Enoploteuthidae Gonatidae Histioteuthidae Joubiniteuthidae Lepidoteuthidae Lycoteuthidae Magnapinnidae Mastigoteuthidae Neoteuthidae Octopoteuthidae Ommastrephidae Onychoteuthidae Pholidoteuthidae Promachoteuthidae Psychroteuthidae Pyroteuthidae Thysanoteuthidae Walvisteuthidae
Squid names in different languages:
The name of the country | Name of squid in the local language |
| Albanian. | kallamari. |
| Albanian. | kalmari. |
| Albanian. | lignja. |
| Albanian. | ulignja. |
| Basque | txipiriak. |
| Catalaan. | calamar |
| Czech. | krakatice. |
| Danish | oligo. |
| Dutch. | gewone pijlinktvis |
| Dutch. | pijlinktvis |
| English | Cape Hope Squid. |
| English | cOMMON Squid. |
| English | European squid. |
| English | inkfish |
| English | lON-FINNED SQUID |
| English | sea arrow |
| Finnish | kalmari. |
| FRENCH | calmar. |
| FRENCH | calmar Commun. |
| FRENCH | encornet |
| alician. | lURA TXIBIA |
| German. | gemeiner Kalmar. |
| German. | gEWÖHNLICHER KALMAR. |
| German. | Kalmar. |
| Icelandic | smokkfiskur. |
| ITALIAN. | calamaro. |
| ITALIAN. | totariello. |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Καλαμάρι |
| Polish | kał Amarnice. |
| Portuguese. | lula-Comum |
| Portuguese. | lula-Vulgar |
| Romanian. | calmar. |
| Scottish Gaelic. | scuid. |
| Slovak | kalmáry. |
| Slovenian. | lignji. |
| Spanish | calamar |
| Turkish | kalamar |
Squid (name in Latin Teuthida) - called world scientific classification (taxonomy) a detachment of the tenness of challenges living in the World Ocean. Usually, squid produced by a field in pacifik and the Atlantic are 0.25-0.50 m, but gigantic squids living on big depth (up to 7-8 thousand meters) The genus Architeuthis can reach the length of 20 meters (counting the tentacles) and are the largest invertebrates in the animal world.
Squids dwell in almost all climatic belts, including the arctic, but most often found in moderate and subtropical waters. Squids living in the northern seas are small compared to southern relatives size and mostly not have a bright color. Squids have five pairs of hands. The fourth pair lengthened in the process of evolution. The location of the sucker on the hands (tentacles) squid often varies and depends on the type. Squids have a streamlined torpedo-shaped body, which allows them to move in the thickness of the aqueous medium at high speed "tail" forward, the main method of movement is reactive.
European squid
Loligo vulgaris.
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Type: Mollusks Class: Channel Detachment: Teuthida Rod: Loligo View: Calmar Ordinary Binomial name Loligo vulgaris.Along the entire body of the squid passes the cartilage "arrow" that supports the body. It is called Gladius and is the rudiment of the inner shell. The coloring of the squid is extremely diverse, and depends on the set of factors: water temperature, waterstashes depth, behavior (aggression, fright, etc.). It is noteworthy that some deep-water species of squid have almost transparent torso. The largest fame and distribution in the field and amateur fishing received a squid Ordinary Loligo (Loligo Vulgaris), the Loliginidae family, the genus Loligo is the type of challenges from the decade detachment (Decapodiformes). The popularity of this type of squid in the Mediterranean countries is so great that European Squid is often called it - the European squid, catching only in Adriatic every year from 1200 to 1500 tons of these individuals for the culinary needs of Italy, Slovenia, Croatia and Albania.
The length of the body of Loligo with tentacles in commercial catches is often not exceeded 50 cm, and the weight is 1.5 kg. The length of the mantle is, as a rule, about 20 cm, but can also reach 40 cm, and the males of this type of charts are larger than females. This species is distributed in coastal waters. The eastern part of the North Atlantic from the North Sea to West Africa, as well as in the Mediterranean and Adriatic seas. Loligo holds at a depth of about 100 m and more, but can occur at a depth of 400 to 500 m. Ramiring of Squid Loligo in the North Sea (the most northern part of the range) begins in early spring after dark. Hellifers arrive there in early June.
Lolyo masonry consists of several oblong, in the form of egg sausages, which is attached on a fixed substrate at a depth of about 30 m. It can be parts of the seabed, for example, stone ridges with algae, or sheer rock outputs at a small depth. At the same time, several animals prefer to put their caviar in in general place. The larvae morphologically similar to adult copies, differing in the ratio of body parts to each other. Their size during the appearance in June is less than 1 cm. The development period of embryos until the hatching period at a temperature of more than 20 ° C is from 20 to 30 days, at a temperature of less than 15 ° C - from about 40 to 50 days.
Other extremely important commercial objects of world fisheries are argentine Kalmar ( Illlex Argentinus.) , the genus ILLEX, from the Ommastrephidae family, extremely popular and fishermen of Argentina and Uruguay.
Todarodes Pacificus.
(SteenStrup, 1880)
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animals Type: Mollusks Class: Channel Detachment: Squids Family: Ommastrephidae Rod: Todarodes View: Pacific Squid
In the Far East of Russia, special meaning In the domestic fishery of all types of hydrobionts living in pacifik, has pacific squid (lat. Todarodes Pacificus.) - A type of challenges of clams from the decade detachment (Decapodiformes). The Pacific Kalmar prevailing in catch usually has dimensions 0.25 - 0.5 m, but can reach the length 75-82 cm (counting and tentacles). This species Squid meets throughout Japanese, yellow, East-Chinese seas, the Eastern Coast Japanese islands To Okinawa Island, in the surface layers of water to depths of no more than 200 m at a temperature of 0.4-28 ° C. IN warm years north border The spread of squid expands to the commanders of the islands, mass clusters are observed up to 57 ° C.Sh. Pacific sqmer is powered by a large zooplankton and small fish. Sexual maturity occurs at the age of one year. It is believed that all squids of this species are dying after the first spawning. Pacific squid is extremely popular among residents of the Primorsky Territory and Sakhalin Islands, which along with the catch sea fishSquids are constantly mining, leading their fishery from boats and boats in the Japanese and Okhotsk seas.
BerryTeuthis Magister
(Berry, 1913)
Scientific classification Kingdom: Animals Type: Mollusks Class: Championship Subclass: Colaoids Overcome: Timatius Squad: Squid Family: Gonatidae Rod: Commander Squids View: Commander Kalmars
A very significant place in the catches of Russian sailors is commander Calmar (Lat. BerryTeuthis Magister), genus BerryTeuthis and Gonatidae family, which currently prevails on the shelves russian shops And is one of the cheapers of pudders of all available in retail. The maximum length of the propeller squid is 42-43 cm, and the weight can reach 2.2-2.6 kg. Sexual maturity occurs when the length of 20-25 cm has a length of 20-25 cm in males and 25-30 in females. Lives up to 2 years.
Commander Squid, reaching ordinary sizes of 25-35 cm length and weight from 300 g to 1 kg, constantly dwells at a depth of 30 to 1200 m. Young often occurs at the surface, adults are held at the bottom, but do daily migration, climbing at night In the thickness of the water. Food a squid shallow fish and zooplankton, do not happen his own young, and he serves prey himself large fish, sea birds, torn Kitam. and sea cats. The main areas of the commander squid fishery is the Okhotsk, Bering and the Japanese Sea. Commander Kalmar (about 30 thousand tons per year), Russian vessels are mined by the bottom trawl during migration from the Pacific side of the Kuril Islands. There are very few places, convenient for trawling, therefore, the whole commercial Russian fleet is going on small "pyatchecks". Although the bottom there is repacked by trawls, the overwhelming majority of other areas of habitat squid is not exposed to fishery. Significant reserves of the commander squid are protected in the zone of the Commander State Reserve. Currently, its main catch by the domestic fleet is carried out in total on two sites from the Pacific side of the Kuril ridge: the islands of Keta and the Simushir, Paramushir and Onekotan, as most of the concentrations of the concentrations of the Commander Squid are characterized by a complex Relief of the bottom with numerous sharp rocks, which limits The possibility of using bottom trawls, which are currently the only weapon of fishing Russian courts in the squid fishery. In the Curl waters, he is dedicated to two non-seasons and is mainly carried out, in March-July and September-January.
The commander squid, caught by Russian courts, processed on floating and sold in the territory of the Russian Federation with the internships, has the most non-winy trade look. Despite this, the Commander Kalmar, according to a variety of restaurants, is considered one of the most delicious, of all other charts extracted in other regions of the world. Peruvian squid (Dosidicus Gigas.) - For example, without special processing, a low-pass due to a strong ammonium lift. Therefore, catching squid of this species (in Peru, the central reserve bank has hardered since 2011 that Kalmar has become the second leading category of the Peruvian seafood sector after Anchovs), after freezing and briquetting, send to China, from which they come from all over the world already purified.
Is squid in the Black Sea of \u200b\u200bSquid?
Many are completely different people In Russia, including fishermen lovers often concerns a fairly busy question - are squid in the Black Sea of \u200b\u200bsquid, octopuses, Caracatians and other cephalopods? No, in the Black Sea, the charts of mollusks are not found and they can hardly be able to appear there in the most soon. Why? I explain. According to ichthyologists, the main reason for the absence of squid, octopuses and cutters in the Black Sea is the low salinity of the latter (from 12 to 22 ppm), which is much lower than the average salinity of the ocean (from 30 to 38 ppm). IN best caseEven if some individuals challenges fall through the Bosphorus of the Marmara Sea into black, then they cannot survive there. On average, 1.5 kg Six of the Mediterranean Squid Loligo (L.Vulgaris) after being in aquatic environment With salinity 14-18, Promilla can die about 1-2 hours. Also, all cephalopods cannot bring offspring in the water pool of the Black Sea due to low salinity, fully impeding the development of their offspring. It is a gamet, eggs (disputes, eggs in the case of algae) and larvae die marine organisms - the most unprotected, vulnerable stages life cycle. Of course, squids do not multiply with fertilized caviar. Pairing in the charts is that the male transfers the sperm (this is a sperm package similar to a narrow tube). They can be from a few millimeters to a meter with superfluous. Sperm has a complex shell and an intricate apparatus for throwing sperm along a sensitive hair signal, with a powerful muscular spring and a special secret, instantly gluing live tissues in an aqueous medium that has salinity from 28 to 42 ppm. In an aqueous medium with a low salinity (from 12 to 22 ppm), the conventional method does not occur, since the adhesive secret cannot provide the necessary adhesion. Speatophores are in the male in a special organ (nidhem bag), and he transmits them with a specially modified hand (it is called "hectober"), which is equipped with special clamps or tweezers to firmly grab the sperm and transfer it to the female, placing it in that place, where you need. Squid's female can carry spermatophores for many months (until six months), choosing the right moment for fertilization. Then she gives the sperm team to the emission of sperm and "raises" fertilized eggs to his very death. It should be noted that if fertilization in the individuals of squid occurred in the Black Sea, the development of the eggs themselves in an aqueous medium with low salinity is actually impossible.
On the example of eggs from ordinary fish, you can imagine how and why it happens. Ikrinka (although they are both large) - this is only one living cell, it has more or less durable, depending on the type of animal, the protective shell surrounding the cell membrane consisting of two movable, fluid lipid layers; A variety of special proteins is embedded in the membrane - they carry substances and salts ions through the membrane, perform other functions. From the outside of the cell membrane, the cell membranes are strengthened and protected by more rigid, branched carbohydrate molecules (sugars). For the question - why the caviar of the ocean hydrobionts with a higher salinity dies in a small-salted Black Sea - it is important to know the following.
Some salts ions (we remember that salts in the solution are disintegrated into charged halves - positively charged - metal cations, and negative - anions) can penetrate through the cell membrane unhindered, but most of them are transferred through specially adjustable ion channels - large protein moleculessimilar to the tubes piercing the membrane, and with the help of real, requiring supply of energy, protein machines - ion pumps. This complex system is needed to ensure that the concentrations of different ions are always supported in the cell. But water molecules pass through all cell membranes freely, and faster than ionic pumps work. The overall concentration of ions of all salts and the amount of charges of other molecules in Ikrinka is the same as in the native sea water. This amount of charges is a more accurate and important value than the concentration of salts, but usually, the general concentrations of salts in Ikrinka and water around it are close. Now you can imagine the following. They were delivered into the Black Sea of \u200b\u200ba pair of sea heroes, or sailed a pair of swords - and was spent. The concentration of salt in Ikrinka is close to the oceanic, and salinity around - two times less. What happens? The fact that physicists and chemists are called osmosis phenomenon: particles (molecules, ions) substances always move where their concentration is lower. Ions can not pass through the membrane, and water can; Water concentration in Ikrinka sea hedgehog, squid eggs - lower than in Black Sea water, then water will rush inside the cell. Cell - Ikrinka - first swell, and then burst. Therefore, squid can appear in the Black Sea at extreme a short timeBut to multiply - it will not work. If they do not develop special adaptation to the conditions of low salinity - as, for example, it turned out from the Pacific Snail Rapana, which perfectly multiplies in the water pool of the Black Sea.
Many squid likes the taste. However, it is famous not only to a mild taste, but also useful properties. Kalmar is rich in protein, which is perfectly absorbed by the body. Therefore, even children can eat him calmly. It is also often recommended for dietary nutrition.
Description Kalmara
Squids belong to the tenthest charts. They were prepared in ancient Rome and Greece. The ancient gave mollusk the name "Winged Fish" for the fact that he smokes perfectly using his tentacles. It is believed to the fastest inhabitants of the seas. Faster it is moving only a sword-sword, tuna and dolphins. When a larger marine animal is chasing behind a squid, he sails with huge speedAnd sometimes pops out out of the water, flies several tens of meters by air and falls again in the sea.
There are a lot of species of squid - about 200. But they eat only some in food. In Russia, for example, the most popular view is Calmar ordinary. Its length ranges from 20 to 50 cm, and the weight is 200-300 in other countries, other species are also in food. IN sea depths You can meet a giant squid. The body length of this mollusk can be up to 20 meters. The body of a squid consists of a torso (it is also called mantia) and the sucks. In the mantle are all internal organs and ink bag. During defense, an ink cloud comes from this bag, which envelops everything around and knocks down the enemy. At this time, squid can calmly leave the battlefield.
Squids, which are usually eaten by food, are found in the seas of Asia, the Japanese, Chinese and Vietnamese are engaged in their fishing. You can also meet them in the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk and the seas of Argentina.
The composition of squid
IN by the usual form Squid is quite water. It is almost 80% water. Very much in meat squid squirrel, 100g product accounts for about 16g. But there are very few fats and carbohydrates in squid, which makes it an excellent dietary product.
Squid meat has a very rich vitamin. It has a lot of vitamin B4 (Holin), it is rich in vitamin C and B3 (niacin). Also, the meat of squid contains vitamin A, B1, B2, B5, B6, B9, B12 and E.
Macroelements are especially many potassium and phosphorus in it. There is also calcium, sodium and magnesium. Ornate it and various trace elements. Squid meat contains a large number of Copper and zinc, there is also iron, manganese and selenium.
At the same time, the meat of squid has a low energy value - Total 86 kcal of 100 g of product.
Useful properties of squid
Squid meat is often used with dietary nutrition. There is a lot of protein that is well absorbed by the human body, but there are practically no saturated fatty acids in it. Also in squid meat there are quite a lot of taurine, substances that contribute to the removal of harmful cholesterol from the blood stabilizing blood pressure and in general beneficial influence on the cardiovascular system.
Many doctors believe that squid meat is much useful meat terrestrial animals. After all, it has a lot of protein and unsaturated acids, many vitamins and minerals, but no cholesterol in it. Extractive substances that are contained in mollusk tissues not only give a special taste of dishes, but also activate the process of selection of gastric juice and improve digestion. Also, the meat of squid is often recommended to include in the diet of children, as there are many lysine and arginine, the necessary organism of the child.
Contraindications to the use of squid
When they talk about benefits kalmarov, then do not mean dried mollusks. The fact is that in such a product too much salt. This leads to a fluid delay in the cells of the body and edema. With frequent use of dried squid, health problems and appearance may occur. It is best to buy raw squid and prepare it yourself.
How to eat squid
Usually squid prepare entirely, removing only internal organs. Both the torso and tentacles are edible and even very tasty. To cook squid, you need to get rid of the skins first. And there are so many dishes with squid that you can get off from the account. They and boil them, and fry, and bake, and extinguish, and dried, and marinate, and cans. You can make salads with them, serve as a second dish with a side dish, serve in dried up to beer and even cook soup. These clams in East Asia and the Mediterranean are especially popular. For example, the Greeks love soup from rice and squid. And the inhabitants of Italy extinguish him with red pepper.
Recipe number 1. Squid with rice in milk
To put out squids with rice, you need to take 0.5 fresh or ice cream squid meat, 1 cup of rice, 2 bulbs, 1.5 tablespoons of flour, 3 tablespoons of butter, 0.5 cups of milk and spices to taste.
Kalmarov must be pre-clad, remove the skin and rinse well in running water. Then you need to cook. It is important to follow so that it does not boil. And the best thing is to do not do it a bit so that the rice is crumbly. Squid meat must be cut, fry a little and mix with rice. Then you need to fry a little chopped on vegetable oil onion And mix it with rice and squid. Milk, butter, salted, solid and add other spices to the resulting mixture. All this must be put in the pan, cover with a lid and stew until readiness.
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