Russia's naval forces were created to ensure the safety of the maritime borders of the state and demonstrating military power in the international arena. From how seriously other countries will perceive our fleet, the possibility of political influence in the world depends. That is why the country's leadership has always paid special attention to the development of the fleet.
Historical reference
A great contribution to the development of the fleet of the Russian Empire made Peter I, which was a big fan of the sea and ships. During his reign, the first large military vessels, equipped at that time with modern weapons appeared. Thanks to this, Russia managed to defend many of his lands, both from the north and from the south.
During the existence of the Soviet Union, a large number of heavy warships were built, many of whom continue to perform their functions today.
Structure and dislocation of the Navy of Russia
Submarine
Submarines are divided into the following types:
- Multipurpose diesel-electrical submarines - Types of "Haltus", "Warshavyanka" and "Lada" - at the moment there are 18 ships in the ranks. Caliber's winged rockets are carried out, SM-54 and Oternal Rockets, Minno-torpedo weapons.
- Rocket underwater cruisers of the strategic appointment type "Kalmar" and "Dolphin" - 10 units that are equipped with ballistic missiles R-29P and P-29RM, Torpeda of SET-65, SAET-60M and 53-65K, Plur "Waterfall".
- Atomic torpedo submarines, including those equipped with wicked rockets, types: "Pike", "Shark", "Barracuda", "Condor", "Antey", "Pike-b" and "ash". The total number of vessels in the ranks - 17 units. It is in service with the winged and anti-worm rockets "Caliber", C-10 "Granat" and "Onyx", self-equipped Torpedoes USU-80.
- RPKSN "Borery" - 3 vessels, including solid fuel ballistic missiles "Bulaw", torpedoes 533 mm and 324 mm, onyx wing missiles and "caliber", etc.
Esminets
As part of the Russian Fleet, there are 6 Escort Ministry of Economics of the Sarych project, which carry the following weapons:
- Rockets of P-270 "Mosquito", Hurricane SPC;
- Anti-submarine RBU-1000;
- SET-65 torpedoes.
Linkers
The last linear ships were in service with the Russian Empire at the beginning of the 20th century, with the arrival of Soviet power this type of ship was not made due to the lack of need.
Frigates
Russian frigates of the project 22350 are under construction. At the moment, 8 ships are ordered, 2 of which are already tested and tested. Planned armament: Zrak "Palash", PKR ZM55, ROSK "Reduce", PLR 91R2, PTZ "Planets-NK" and others.
Boat
Speaking of missile boats, which are also called light Cortets, refer to the types 12411t "Lightning-1" and 12411 "Lightning-1". The total amount is 26 units. Rocket armament includes PKR PKR P-15 "Termit", PKR PKR PKR P-120 "Mosquito", CRKK "Strela-3" and Zrak "Kortk".
Trawers
Russian travelers gradually leaving Russia's weapons, since their functions are performed by modern submarines. At the moment, ships include the installations of RBU-1200, PU SPC "Needle" and "Strela-3".
Corvette
Corvettes of the project 20380 began to produce since 2001, at the moment there are 5 ships, which include the Uranus PCRK, Kortik-M Sprk, Reduce Sprink. At the end of 2018, it is planned to enter the incoming corvette of the project 20385.
(Navy) today is one of the types of Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Its main purpose is the armed protection of the interests of the country, conducting hostilities on marine and oceanic expanses.
Historically, the territory of the Russian state comes into contact with several seas and oceans. It inevitably forced in the past and forces me to pay close attention to the development of the State Fleet, whose tasks include the creation of conditions for the safety of shipping in the coastal seas and in the oversized oceans, the interaction of Russian fleets with marine compounds and ships of foreign countries as part of joint operations and military exercises Responds to the interests of our country outside of its marine borders.
Flagship of the Navy RF
The Navy of the Russian Federation currently undergoes the stage of intensive rearmament to increase its power, efficiency, secureness of the delivery of means of defeating the probability enemy objects, containing the aggressive aspirations of NATO countries led by the United States at the oceans and seas.
Military Navy Day
This year celebration Day of the Navy will be held in the 80th time.
On July 24, 1939, for the first time at the insistence of the Soviet Admiral Nikolai Gerasimovich, Kuznetsova, Soviet Union, celebrated their professional holiday established by the Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of the country.
The fleet attracted young forces into its ranks; The holiday promoted the historical maritime traditions of the state; awakened interest in the service on warships and new submarines; In parts of the coastal defense and fleet aviation.
In modern times, the day of the Navy is celebrated in the final Sunday of July. Almost the whole country loves sailors, they are proud to noted their worthy contribution to ensuring the safety of our frontiers. On this summer holiday, the ranks of officers and sailors are assigned, present awards and declare encouragement for success in the development of non-good sea specialties.
Structure and composition of the navy
The standard modern structure of our fleet includes:
- compounds of surface ships;
- underwater ships;
- aviation units on the shore and deck aviation;
- part of the marines;
- coastal defense complexes;
- special divisions;
- rear divisions and bases;
- hydrographic service.
The navy consists of four fleets and one flotilla:
- Northern Fleet
- Baltic Fleet
- Pacific fleet
- Black Sea Fleet
- Caspian Flotilla
The command of the country's navy is carried out in several strategic directions:
- west - as part of ZVO Baltic Fleet (headquarters in Kaliningrad);
- north - Northern Fleet (Severomorsk);
- south - as part of the Chernomorsk Fleet (Sevastopol) and the Caspian Flotilla (Astrakhan);
- east - as part of the VVO Pacific Fleet (Vladivostok).
- Part Navy Pass ships and vessels, part of the special purpose, parts and units of the rear.
A little from the history: No one else like Peter I became the founder of the Russian fleet. Interested by ships, he created a small semblance of shipyard. He was called "a funny fleet."
Soon Peter I found the construction of the marine fleet. In the next time, development continued in the White Sea. He had an idea that with the help of the fleet it would be easier to seize new territories, which actually happened in the future. But at some time, the blockade of Azov Fleet Peter I suffered a defeat. And only in 1695 new best ships and courts were built. It is these events and become a foundation for building a regular Navy.
The Navy is used:
- For transportation and protection of the marine assault
- For installation of mines and destroy min enemy
- To provide free exit, expanding and arriving underwater forces
- To protect communications (marine)
Navy underwater forces Used for sudden drawing of powerful blows on intelligence and maritime purposes. The basis of the underwater forces are atomic submarines equipped with ballistic and cruise missiles. Sea aviation The Navy is used for:
- Reflections of air attacks
- Signs of ships for the destruction of enemy submarines
- To apply a significant damage to enemy coastal targets
- Sea fight with enemy ships
Coastal troops The Navy is used:
- for the defense of coastal facilities, ports (ensuring the protection of the coast)
- to conduct hostilities with the help of air, air-marine and sea assault
Commander-in-Chief of the Navy
From 2016 by the Navy Power Commander admiral Korolev Vladimir Ivanovich.
For a long time, he served on the submarines of the Northern Fleet, passed a lot of team steps and he studied at the Academy, commanded the Northern Fleet and took an active part in the development of the Arctic region to army compounds. The only admiral-submariner admiral in the history of the Russian fleet.
Textbooks Navy
The Educational Center of the Navy in St. Petersburg is located in several territories in the cities of Lomonosov and Kronstadt, as well as on Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg - V / h 56529-2
Currency accommodation, a common dining room and a bath, training buildings, plants and sports facilities constitute a strict infrastructure of the training center.
The training program for sailors and specialists for coastal defense is the same and designed for the period up to 4 months. The course of the young fighter, physical, borrowing, special and rescue training - the main directions of training.
At the end, the cadets are examined and decreasing in marine parts.
As part of the United Educational Center for Navy in Severodvinsk, the Fleet specialists are trained 56529-3. Main Direction Training - Ship Motor Installations. The period of preparation of sailors - 5 months. (The first month of the Promotional, Building and Physical Preparation, the adoption of the oath). Sailor specialties - electrician, driver-dieselist, turbist.
Accommodation in the barracks, a common dining room and a bath, training classes and workshops. At the end of learning - exams, distribution to the ships of all fleets of Russia.
In Vladivostok, there is an intensive training in many maritime training center (V / h 56529-4), which noted in 2018. The 80th anniversary.
Cadet training is carried out by experienced teachers in 40 specialties, most of which are in demand on the submarines of the fleet. The annual trap turnover is up to 2 thousand people. In addition to the overall training of cadets, survival is taught in various extreme conditions arising in closed compartments of warships.
Accommodation and conditions do not differ from the centers described earlier, but the training base is specialized and equipped with modern appliances and simulators.
Flag of navy
Other name - Andreevsky flag Historically appeared by the decree of Peter I in 1699 on the shipped ships of the young fleet of Russia. It existed on the fleet until 1918. It was introduced again on the ships of the country in 1992. According to legend, the cross belonged to Andrei the First Called, who visited Russia and is considered its maritime patron.
Ships Navy
In terms of purpose, the ships of the Navy perform various tasks:
- the heavy atomic cruisers ensure the cover of marine groups, the convoy and coastal troops from the blows of aviation and the winged missiles, opposition to the sea forces and the enemy landing;
- the destroyers support the landings, suppressing goals on the shore, on water and in the air; participate in patrols;
- anti-submarine ships are searching and destroying the enemy submarines, they carry out anti-submarine and anti-air defense of the fleet forces;
- corvetts provide combat preservation of the convoy and fleet forces on raids;
- mine trawls establish and trawn mine harnesses and participate in the defense of coastal areas from the landing;
- the landing ships deliver military equipment and landing ash;
- strategic submarines carry out strikes through the territory of the enemy using ballistic missiles;
- multipurpose submarines cover strategic, produce exploration areas of the start, counteract the enemy submarines and surface forces, cause blows with cruise missiles for various purposes;
- specialized submarines participate in sabotage and intelligence operations, design tests and scientific research.
A quick look at the presented table of ships Navy shows a wide variety of projects and types, which leads to the process of exploitation to significant costs during repair and modernization due to the weak unification of nodes, aggregates and weapons.
Another difficulty is the preparation of ship specialists to provide existing sologenic ships in the fleet, many of which were built in Soviet years and are currently outdated and need to be upgraded or write-off.
Form of Navy
The casual form of SMF sailors on ships includes:
- blue shirt with a sailor collar;
- blue pants with a belt;
- vest;
- boots (half-boots);
- correction (pilot).
The sailors of the coastal divisions are a pancarmetic shape of clothing.
The daily form of Michmanov and fleet officers includes:
- cream shirt;
- tie (black);
- pants (black) with a waist belt;
- pOOTER (black);
- cap on the color of the outerwear;
- cough (white) and gloves (black);
- boots.
Wearing a blanket, caps, sweaters, raincoat, coat or jackets.
Women on a fleet dress:
- cream blouses;
- black ties;
- skirts (black) with a waist belt;
- pilots;
- shoes (boots);
- bodily color tights;
- jackets;
- in winter - Berets or Hats-Ushanki,
- sweater
- coat,
- boots
- kushna and gloves.
Kortk Navy
Cortiks are Michmans and Navy officers on the belt itary with participation in the parade events. The history of the marine cortician begins with the XVI century, when it was used for direct appointment as a cold weapon in the near battle.
Nowadays, the officers are awarded at the issuance of the School together with the diploma and obtaining the first title. Symbolizes historical communication with generations of legendary Russian sailors, won many victories in battles at sea.
Parade Navy in St. Petersburg
A colorful solemn parade in honor of the Navy Day of Russia took place on July 29, 2018 in St. Petersburg.
40 modern ships and boats were represented by 4 fleets of the country and the Caspian flotilla (artillery-class boats with historical flags of defenders of the country of the country during the Great Patriotic War).
After the volley of the Petropavlovsk fortress, the boat, with the host parade of the Supreme Commander V.V. Putin, Minister of Defense by General Army S.K. Shoigu and Commander-in-Chief of the Navy Admiral V.I. Korolev, passed along the building of the ships. Personal composition congratulated with the holiday, V.V. Putin pronounced.
The ships on the Neva demonstrated the coherence of the follow-up in the Kilvater, the festive sailors of the sailors on the decks. Military ships of the ocean type (rocket cruiser and an atomic submarine rocket cruiser) and the latest frigates and submarines were shown in Kronstadt. In the sky in various buildings, 38 aircraft and aircraft fleet aircraft were flying:
- search aircraft IL-38N;
- su-30cm fighters;
- multipurpose fighters Su-33;
- anti-Lord Search Helicopters Ka-27m;
- anti-submarine aircraft Tu-142.
According to the squares and embankments of the Northern capital, officers, Michman and Fleet sailors were held (about 4 thousand servicemen participated in the parade).
The exhibitions of weapons of coastal defense parts enjoyed the continued success in children and guests of the holiday.
The concept of the development of the Navy of Russia in the modern world The Russian Federation has a defensive focus of the strategic concept of the development of the armed forces. Without planning attacks on neighboring countries, Russia makes proportionate efforts to maintain defense capability at a sufficient level.
The main probable enemy - the United States adheres to the concept of dominance on the expanses of the seas and oceans. The rate is made on large ship compounds in the composition of aircraft carriers and accompanying ships, underwater atomic boats that are able to apply preventive nuclear strikes through the opponent's territory with ballistic and cruise missiles, suppress the air defense tools and coastal defense sites, capture port facilities and bases.
To effectively counteract such compounds in our country, the newest weapons samples are created, capable of hitting aircraft carriers and strategic submarines (Zircon's winged missiles, "Calibr", "Onyx", high-speed deep-sea torpedoes), coastal infrastructure of the enemy (Offline complex "Poseidon") .
Planned modernization of ships and their re-equipment. Modern underwater missile strategic cruisers with the latest ballistic missiles are actively being built, which are able to imperceptibly enter the starts of the start and put back strikes on strategic objects on the territory of the enemy. Much attention is paid to the project to create at the bottom of specialized complexes and robotic systems that will operate when critical situations occur, while in peacetime in "Sleeping" mode.
Aviation Navy is updated with unmanned apparatus for various purposes, modern helicopters (KA-62) and airplanes (MiG-29K for ships and Su-30cm for coastal aviation).
In recent years, military infrastructure in the northern regions of our country is developing: military towns are being built in the Arctic execution, equipped with the latest technique for detection and defeat, the exercises of marines and carriages of ships in the harsh conditions of the Far North are being carried out, an icebreaking park is modernized.
Additional research is carried out in the waters of the Northern Sea Route, which is used more and more intensively both our country and other countries. Actively master deposits of minerals on the ocean shelf. Ensuring the protection of our northern frontiers and economic objects is one of the tasks of the Northern Fleet of Russia.
With the reunification of the Crimea Peninsula, the defense task of the Black Sea Fleet of the country complicated. The troubled furnishings on the borders with Ukraine and in the water area of \u200b\u200bthe Black Sea, the provocative actions of NATO ships force sailors to maintain high combat capability, in a short time to learn the latest equipment and weapons of ships and coastal parts.
Sea aviation demonstrates skill and forces potential provocateurs on water to abandon their vile plans. Comprehensively work plans to create two groups led by aviance ships in the north and east, which will be able to withstand similar compounds of the likely enemy and fulfill the strategic tasks of the command.
A separate direction of preparation in the fleet is to improve the skills and methods of conducting the diving and sabotage work of special divisions of fighters-saboteurs. At their disposal, there are currently specially re-equipped for delivery mini-submarine submarines, special equipment, weapons and ammunition, advanced training and training techniques. Taking part in specialized teachings of sabotage units, our fighters invariably occupy the first places there.
Summing up, it is necessary to emphasize that in Russia for development Navy Compare efforts are being taken to re-equip the fleet and parts covering coastal and coastal areas, modern complexes and weapons capable of ensuring the defense tasks of the maritime ministers of the Motherland.
Service B. Navy Fleet It was, there will be difficult and honorable at all times.
The Navy of Russia has 203 superwater ships and 71 submarines, including 23 atomic submarines equipped with ballistic and cruise missiles. Russia's defense capability at sea provides modern and powerful ships.
"Peter the Great"
The heavy atomic rocket cruiser "Pya Great" is the largest in the world in the world a non-aviance shock ship. It is able to destroy the enemy aircraft carriers. The only cruiser of the famous Soviet project 1144 "Orlan". Built in the Baltic Plant and launched on the water in 1989. Commissioned after 9 years.
For 16 years, the cruiser passed 140,000 miles. The flagship of the Northern Fleet of the Navy of Russia, the port of the registry is Severomorsk.
With a width of 28.5 meters, a length of 251 meters has long. Complete displacement of 25860 tons.
Two nuclear reactors with a capacity of 300 megawatts, two boilers, turbines and gas turbinerators are able to provide energy by the city by the population of 200 thousand. May develop speed up to 32 nodes, the melting range is not limited. Crew in 727 people can be in autonomous swimming 60 days.
Armament: 20 CM-233 launchers with covered rockets P-700 Granite, firing range - 700 km. Film complex "Reef" C-300F (96 vertical start missiles). Anti-aircraft system "Cort" with a reserve of 128 missiles. Artist by AK-130. Two anti-submarine rocket and torpedo complex "Waterfall", the Council-1M anti-separated complex. Reactive installations of bombing of RBU-12000 and RBU-1000 "Tornado-3". Three anti-submarine helicopters "Ka-27" can be based on board.
"Admiral Fleet of the Soviet Union of Kuznetsov"
Heavy aviance cruiser "Admiral Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov" (Project 11435). Built in the Black Sea Shipbuilding Plant, launched in 1985. I wore the names of "Riga", "Leonid Brezhnev", "Tbilisi". Since 1991, he entered the Northern Fleet. We carried the combat service in the Mediterranean, participated in the rescue operation at the death of Kursk. Three years later, according to the plan, it will take up modernization.
The length of the cruiser is 302.3 meters, full displacement of 55,000 tons. Maximum speed - 29 nodes. The crew in 1960 people can be in the sea a month and a half.
Armament: 12 granite anti-relocated missiles, 60 missiles "Break-1", 24 Installations of the VCC "Blade" (192 rockets,) and "chestnut" (256 rockets). It may carry 24 Ka-27 helicopters, 16 sundonous aircraft Yak-41m vertical takeoff and up to 12 Su-27K fighters.
"Moscow"
"Moscow", Guards Rocket Cruiser. Multipurpose ship. Built on ship shipping factor of 61 Communar in Nikolaev. Was originally called "Glory". Commissioned in 1983. Flagship of the Black Sea Fleet of Russia.
He participated in the military conflict with Georgia, in 2014 he carried out the blockade of the Ukrainian Navy.
With a width of 20.8 meters, it has a length of 186.4 meters and a displacement of 11490 tons. Maximum speed 32 node. Swimming range up to 6000 nautical miles. The crew in 510 people can be a month in the "autonomy".
Armament: 16 installations of P-500 "Basalt", two art installations AK-130, six 6-bodle art installations AK-630, installations B-204 S-300F SPF (64 rockets), launching installations SPC "OSA-Ma" (48 rockets), torpedo devices, reactive bombing of RBU-6000, Ka-27 helicopter.
A copy of "Moscow" - the cruiser "Varyag" is the flagship of the Pacific Fleet.
"Dagestan"
The watchdog "Dagestan" was commissioned in 2012. Built on a Zelenodolsk shipbuilding plant. In 2014, transferred to the Caspian flotilla. This is the second ship of the project 11661k, the first - Tatarstan is the flagship of the Caspian Fleet.
Dagestan has more powerful and modern weapons: the Universal RC "Calibr-NK", which can apply several types of high-precision missiles (the shooting range is more than 300 km), Zrak "Palma", AU AK-176M. Equipped with STELS technology.
With a 13.1 meter width, Dagestan has a length of 102.2 meters, displacement of 1900 tons. May develop speed up to 28 nodes. The crew of 120 people can be in autonomous swimming for 15 days.
The shipyard laid four more such ship.
"Persistent"
The flagship of the Baltic Fleet Esminets "persistent" was built on the Leningrad Shipbuilding Plant named after Zhdanov and launched on the water in 1991. It is intended to destroy terrestrial targets, anti-aircraft and anti-worker defense of compounds.
With a width of 17.2 meters, it has a length of 156.5 meters, and a displacement of 7940 tons. The crew of 296 people may be in swimming without entering the port up to 30 days.
The destroyer carries the Ka-27 helicopter. Equipped with spray art installations AK-130/54, Six-power installations of AK-630, installations of P-270 "Mosquito", six-solid reactive bombing installations, two SHTIl SPC and torpedo devices.
"Yury Dolgoruky"
Atomic submarine "Yuri Dolgoruky" (the first submarine of the project 955 "Borea") was laid in 1996 in Severodvinsk. Commissioned in 2013. The port of the registry is Gadzhiyevo. It is part of the Northern Fleet.
Boat length 170 meters, underwater displacement - 24,000 tons. Maximum surface speed - 15 nodes, underwater - 29 nodes. Crew 107 people. Maybe three months carry combat duty without entering the port.
Yuri Dolgoruky carries 16 ballistic missiles "Bulaw", equipped with PHR 9R38 "Needle", 533-miliethly torpedo vessels, six installations of acoustic counteraction RPPS-324 "Barrbum". In the coming years, six more submarines of the same class will be built on the versions of Russia.
"Severodvinsk"
Multi-purpose nuclear submarine "Severodvinsk" was the first submarine of the new Russian project 855 "ash". The most "quiet" submarine in the world. Built in Severodvinsk. In 2014, he became part of the Northern Fleet of the Navy of Russia. The port of the registry is western faces.
With a width of 13.5 meters, it has a length of 119 meters, underwater displacement of 13,800 tons,
The surface speed of Severodvinsk is 16 nodes, underwater - 31 node. The autonomy of swimming is 100 days, the crew is 90 people.
It has a modern silent nuclear reactor of the new generation. The submarine is equipped with ten torpedo apparatus, Cable missiles P-100 "Onyx", X-35, ZM-54E, ZM-54E1, ZM-14E. Strategic Winged Rockets X-101 and may affect targets within a radius of up to 3000 kilometers. Until 2020 in Russia, it is planned to build six more classes of class "ash".
The above-wear tables do not include ships, boats and submarines ascribed to the combat composition of fleets and its compounds, but transferred under the leasing agreement to third countries. And also, onboard combat boats and boats cataloging of which is technically impossible.
The above tables included ships, boats and submarines formally written off and excluded from the combat composition of the fleet and its compounds, awaiting disposal, but having an abbreviated crew and pennant of the navy.
The above tables are not included due to insignificance for analyzing the combat state of the fleet and the technical impossibility of cataloging of the court, boats and elements of the transport or warehouse infrastructure of ultra-medium-mounted displacement, which have no on-board numbers, which are non-self-propelled, onboard, which are the courts of providing content points or generally invisible This article. These include: Debokaders, firewhants, boats, plastics, floating berths, floating stands of demagnetization, floating stations of energy supply, floating charging stations, floating heating stations, small and large shipboards, training sailboats Barki, boats target drivers and target boats boats, small hydrographic boats, motobots, sports yachts (military sports clubs), noncommet dry cargo and bulk barges; Floating warehouses (stock storage vessels); and courts attributed to ship repair plants (raid floating workshops, floating technical bases and water tankers - nuclear waste repositories).
In the statistical calculation of the percentage of weapons for these periods, the factors for allocating financing and the actual start of work are not taken into account, long before the specified dates of the ceremonies of bookmarks of ships and, accordingly, their entry into force. Also, the facts of the completion of ships were not taken into account from the previously created cabinets of the previous period.
The Navy of the Russian Federation (USSR), as an independent type of armed forces, was developing from late 17 to the beginning of the 20th century.
The creation of a regular military fleet in Russia is a historical pattern. It was due to the urgent need of the country in overcoming territorial, political and cultural isolation, which became at the turn of 17-18 centuries. The main obstacle to the economic and social development of the Russian state.
The first constant grouping of forces is the Azov fleet - was formed from ships and vessels built in the winter of 1695-1696. And it was intended to facilitate the army in the campaign for mastering the Turkish fortress of Azov. On October 30, 1696, the Boyarskaya Duma on the representation of the Tsar Peter I adopted a resolution of "maritime courts to be ...", which was the first flote law and recognition of the official date of its foundation.
During the Northern War, 1700-1721. The main tasks of the fleet were determined, the list of which remains almost unchanged to the present, namely: the struggle against the naval forces of the enemy, the struggle against maritime communications, the defense of their coast from the seabed, the promotion of the army in the seaside directions, deposits and ensuring the invasion of the territory enemy from the seabed. The proportion of these tasks changed as the material means and the nature of the armed struggle on the sea. Accordingly, this was changed by the role and place of individual generics of forces that were part of the fleet.
So, before the First World War, the main tasks were solved by the surface ships, and they were the main genus of the fleet forces. In the period of the Second World War, this role has passed for some time to marine aviation, and in the post-war period with the advent of rocket-nuclear weapons and ships with nuclear power plants - submarines were established as the main sort of forces.
Before World War I, the fleet was homogeneous. Coastal troops (marine infantry and coastal artillery) have existed since the beginning of the 18th century, however, in organizational terms, the fleet was not included. On March 19, 1906, they became born and began to develop as a new body of the Navy underwater forces.
In 1914, the first parts of the sea aviation were formed, which in 1916 also acquired signs of independent kind of strength. The Day of Aviation Navy is celebrated on July 17 in honor of the first victory of the Russian sea pilots in air combat over the Baltic Sea in 1916. Finally, the Navy as an integral strategic association formed by the mid-1930s, when the sea aviation, coastal defense and units included in the Navy Air defense.
The modern system of the management bodies of the Navy finally developed on the eve of the Great Patriotic War. On January 15, 1938, the National Commissariat of the Navy was created by the decision of the CEC and SNK, which included the main marine headquarters. During the period of the establishment of the regular fleet of Russia, its organizational and staff structure and functions were fuzzy. On December 22, 1717, by the decree of Peter 1, admiralty college was formed for the daily control of the fleet. On September 20, 1802, the Ministry of Naval Forces was formed, subsequently renamed the maritime ministry and existed before 1917. The organs of combat (operational) management forces of the Navy appeared after the Russian-Japanese war with the creation of April 7, 1906. Maritime General Staff. At the head of the Russian fleet there were such famous fleets like Peter 1, P.V. Chichagov, I.K. Grigorovich, N.G. Kuznetsov, S.G. Gorshkov.
The permanent groups of forces on the marine theaters were consumed as the Russian state decided by the historical tasks related to the acquisition of exits in the world ocean, the inclusion of the country into the world economy and policies. In the Baltic, the fleet constantly existed from May 18, 1703, the Caspian flotilla from November 15, 1722, and the fleet on the Black Sea from May 13, 1783 in the North and the Pacific Ocean of the Grouping of Fleet forces were created, as a rule, on a temporary basis or, Without receiving significant development, periodically abolished. The current Pacific and Northern Flotes as permanent groups exist, respectively, from April 21, 1932 and June 1, 1933.
The greatest development of the fleet was received by the mid-80s. At this time, its composition had 4 fleets and the Caspian flotilla, which included more than 100 divisions and teams of surface ships, submarines, marine aviation and coastal defense.
Throughout its glorious history, the Russian and Soviet warships could be seen on all the latitudes of the seas and oceans not only with military goals, but also opened new lands that penetrate into polar ice for scientific research. Studying and description by military sailors Northern shores of Siberia, Kamchatka, Alaska, Aleutian and Kuril Islands, Sakhalin, the Sea of \u200b\u200bSea, around the trucks, the opening of Antarctica had world importance. Russia glorified such famous navigaters as M.P. Lazarev, F. P. Bellinghausen, G.I.nevela and others.
The role of the fleet in the history of Russia has always been beyond the scope of their pure military tasks. The presence of a fleet contributed to our country of an active foreign policy. He more than once became a deterrent for the enemy of our state in the event of a threat of war.
Great was the role of the fleet in the formation of a national self-consciousness. Victory at Ganghet, Grengam, Eselle, Cesma Fidonisi, Kaliacria, Navarina, Sinop became the subject of national pride. Our people hurt the memory of outstanding Flotovodsev F.F. Shushakova, D.N. Senavin, M.P. Lazareva, V.N. Kornilova, P.S.Nakhimova, N.G. Kuznetsova.
Russia in geographical position, the aggregate of economic, political and military interests in the World Ocean - the Great Sea Power. This is an objective reality with which the Russians and the world community will have to be considered in the future century.
Structure of the Navy
The Navy (Navy) is a powerful factor in the country's defense capability. It is divided into strategic nuclear powers and general purposes. Strategic nuclear powers have a large rocket and nuclear power, high mobility and ability to operate in various parts of the oceans for a long time.
The Navy consists of the following genes of forces: underwater, surface, marine aviation, marine infantry and coastal defense troops. It also includes ships and vessels, part of special purpose, parts and rear unit.
Underwater forces - the shock force of the fleet, capable of controlling the expanses of the ocean, is secretive and quickly deployed in the right directions and apply unexpected powerful blows from the depths of the ocean on sea and continental purposes. Depending on the main weapons, submarines are divided into rocket and torpedo, and according to the type of energy installation on atomic and diesel-electric.
The main shock power of the Navy is atomic submarines armed with ballistic and cable missiles with nuclear charges. These ships are constantly in various parts of the oceans, ready to immediately apply their strategic weapons.
Submarine atoms, armed with welg-ship-ship rockets, are aimed mainly to fight with major opponent's superwater ships.
Torened nuclear submarines are used to disrupt the underwater and surface communications of the enemy and in the defense system from the underwater threat, as well as for the escorting of rocket submarines and surface ships.
The use of diesel submarines (rocket and torpedo) is mainly due to the solution of typical problems for them in limited areas of the sea.
Equipment of submarines with nuclear power and rocket-nuclear weapons, powerful hydroacoustic complexes and high-precision navigation armaments, along with the complex automation of the management processes and the creation of optimal conditions of the crew, significantly expanded their tactical properties and forms of combat use. The valve forces in modern conditions remain the most important part of the Navy. The creation of vehicles - carriers of aircraft and helicopters, as well as the transition of a number of classes of ships, like submarines, on nuclear power thank energy would increase their fighting opportunities. Equipment of ships with helicopters and aircraft significantly expands their ability to detect and affect the enemy submarines. Helicopters create the opportunity to successfully solve the problems of relaying and communications, targeting, transferring goods to the sea, landing the landing on the coast and the salvation of personnel.
Superwater ships are the main forces to ensure the exit and deployment of submarines to the fighting areas and return to the base, transportation and cover of landings. They are given the main role in the formulation of mine-barrage, in the fight against the mine danger and the protection of their communications.
The traditional task of the surface ships is to apply strikes on the objects of the enemy on its territory and covering their coast from the sea from the naval forces of the enemy.
Thus, a complex of responsible combat missions is assigned to surface ships. These tasks they solve groups, compounds, associations both independently and in cooperation with other types of fleet forces (submarines, aviation, marine infantry).
Sea aviation - a genus of the forces of the Navy. It consists of strategic, tactical, deck and coastal.
Strategic and tactical aviation is designed for confrontation with groupings of surface ships in the ocean, submarines and transports, as well as to apply bombing and rocket strikes on the coastal enemy objects.
The deck aviation is the main shock force of the Navy airmail connections. Its main combat tasks in the armed struggle to the sea are the destruction of opponent's aviation in the air, the starting positions of anti-aircraft controlled missiles and other anti-airflow defense, tactical intelligence, etc. When performing combat missions, the deck aviation is actively interacting with tactical.
The helicopters of marine aviation are an effective means of targeting the rocket weapons of the ship during the destruction of submarines and the reflection of attacks of low-fat airplanes and anti-workers opponent missiles. I carry the air-surface rockets and other weapons, they are a powerful means of fire support for the landing of marines and the defeat of rocket and artillery boats of the enemy.
Marine infection - a genus of the Navy forces, designed to conduct hostilities as part of marine assaults (independently or jointly with ground troops), as well as for the coastal defense (naval databases, ports).
The fighting of the marines is carried out, as a rule, with the support of aviation and artillery fire of ships. In turn, the maritime infantry uses in hostilities all types of weapons characteristic of motorized rifle troops, while applying the tactics of landing tactics specific to it.
The coastal defense troops, as a genus of the Navy forces, are intended to protect the items of the Basivation of Navy forces, ports, important sections of the coast, islands, straits and narrowness from the attack of ships and marine assaults of the enemy. The basis of their weapons is the coastal rocket complexes and artillery, anti-aircraft missile systems, minerals and torpedo weapons, as well as special coastal defense ships (water protection). To ensure defense forces forces on the coast, coastal fortifications are created.
Parts and subdivisions of the rear are designed for the rear provision of forces and hostilities of the Navy. They ensure the satisfaction of the material, transport, household and other needs of the joints and associations of the Navy in order to maintain them in combat readiness for the fulfillment of the tasks.
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