August 6, 1945 The first nuclear weapons were used against the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, the city of Nagasaki was subjected to second strike, and at present - the latter in the history of mankind. These bombing tried to justify the fact that they stopped the war with Japan and prevented further losses of millions of lives. In total, two bombs killed approximately 240,000 people and proclaimed the beginning of a new, atomic era. From 1945 to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the world suffered a cold war and a permanent expectation of a possible nuclear strike between the United States and the Soviet Union. At this time, the parties were built thousands of nuclear-weapons units, from small bombs and winged missiles, to large intercontinental ballistic warheads (ICBM) and sea ballistic missiles (SLBM). United Kingdom, France and China added their own nuclear arsenals to this stock. Today, the fear of nuclear destruction is significantly less than in the 1970s, but several countries still have a large arsenal of this destructive weapon.

Despite the agreements aimed at limiting the number of missiles, nuclear powers continue to develop and improve their stocks and ways to deliver. Successes in the development of anti-missile defense systems made some countries increase the development of new and more efficient missiles. There was a threat of a new arms race between world superpowers. This list contains ten most destructive nuclear missile systems currently on service in the world. Accuracy, range, number of warheads, power of warheads and mobility - the factors that make these systems are so destructive and dangerous. This list is represented without a certain order, because these nuclear missiles do not always share the same task or goal. One rocket can be designed to destroy the city, while another type can be designed to destroy enemy rocket bunkers. In addition, this list does not include rockets, currently experienced, or not officially deployed. Thus, AGNI-V missile systems in India and JL-2 in China, a step under step and ready-to-use this year are not included. Jericho III Israel is also not taken into account, because there is little little about this rocket. It is important to keep in mind, reading this list that the size of Hiroshima bombs and Nagasaki was equivalent to 16 kilotons (x1000) and 21 kilotonne TNT, respectively.

M51, France

After the United States and Russia, France deploys the third largest nuclear arsenal in the world. In addition to nuclear bombs and winged rockets, France relies on its SLBM as the main nuclear deterrent. Rocket M51 is the most modern component. She was commissioned in 2010 and is currently installed on the triomphant submarine class. The rocket has a range of approximately 10,000 km and is capable of transferring 6 - 10 warheads per 100 CT. Circular probable deviation (CEP) rocket is marked between 150 and 200 meters. This means that the warhead has a 50% probability of hitting the strike in the range of 150-200 meters from the target. M51 is equipped with a multitude of systems that significantly complicate the attempts to intercept the warheads.

DF-31 / 31A, China

DONG FENG 31 is a road-mobile and bunker intercontinental system of the IBB series, deployed China since 2006. The original model of this rocket carried a large warhead on 1 megaton and had a range of 8,000 km. The probable deviation of the rocket is 300 m. Superior 31 A has three warheads at 150 kt and is able to overcome a distance of 11,000 km, with a probable deviation of 150 m. Additional fact that these rockets can be moved and run from a mobile launch vehicle, which makes They are even more dangerous.

Topol-M, Russia

Known as SS-27 according to NATO classification, Topol-M was introduced into the use of Russia in 1997. The intercontinental rocket is based in bunkers, but several poplars are also mobile. Currently, the rocket is armed with a single warhead at 800 CT, but can be equipped with a maximum of six warheads and false goals. With a maximum speed of 7.3 km per second, a relatively flat trajectory of flight and a probable deviation of approximately 200 m, Topol-M is a very effective nuclear missile that is difficult to stop in flight. The difficulty of tracking mobile units makes it a more efficient weapon system worthy of this list.

RS-24 Yar, Russia

The plans of the Bush administration develop a network of missile defense in Eastern Europe withdrew leaders in the Kremlin. Despite the statement that the screen for protection against external impacts is not intended against Russia, the Russian leaders considered it, as a threat of their own security and decided to develop a new ballistic missile. The result was the development of RS-24 yar. This rocket is closely related to Topol-M, but delivers four warheads by 150-300 kilotons and has a deviation of 50 m. Having many features of the poplar, Yar can also change the direction in flight and carries false goals, which makes the interception of the missile defense system extremely difficult .

LGM-30G MINUTEMAN III, USA

This is the only ground ICBM, deployed US. For the first time deployed in 1970, LGM-30G Minuteman III was to be replaced with MX Peacekeeper. The program was canceled, and the Pentagon instead spent $ 7 billion to update and modernize the existing 450 active LGM-30G systems over the past decade. With a speed of almost 8 km / s and a deviation less than 200 m (the exact number is strictly classified), the old minuteman remains formidable nuclear weapons. Initially, this rocket delivered three small warheads. Today, the only warhead is used in 300-475 CT.

RSM 56 Bulava, Russia

The Marine Ballistic Rocket RCM 56 Bulava is in service with Russia. From the point of view of marine missiles, the Soviet Union and Russia are somewhat behind the United States in the efficiency of work and abilities. To fix this shortcoming, a boulava was created - a more fresher addition to the Russian underwater arsenal. The rocket was designed for a new bore-class submarine. After numerous failures during the test phase, Russia accepted the service missile in 2013. Bulaw is currently equipped with six 150 CT-warheads, although reports it says that it can carry as many as 10. Like most modern ballistic missiles, RSM 56 carries several false goals to increase the viability in the face of the missile defense system. The range is approximately 8,000 km at full load, with an exemplary probability of deviation of 300-350 meters.

R-29RMU2 Liner, Russia

The newest development in Russian weapons, the liner was commissioned from 2014. The rocket is an effectively updated version of the previous Russian BRPL (Xereva R-29RMU2), designed to fill problems and some shortcomings of Bulava. The liner has a range of 11,000 km and can carry a maximum of twelve warheads of 100 CT each. Cargo warhead can be reduced and replaced by false objectives to improve viability. The deviation of the warhead is kept secret, but probably similar to 350 meters of Bulava.

UGM-133 TRIDENT II, \u200b\u200bUSA

Current BRPL of American and British underwater forces - Trident II. The rocket was put into operation from 1990 and was updated and upgraded since then. Fully equipped, Trident can carry 14 warheads on board. Later, this number was reduced, and the rocket is currently delivering 4-5 warheads at 475 CT. The maximum range depends on the load of the warhead and varies between 7800 and 11,000 km. The US Navy demanded the likelihood of deviation no more than 120 meters so that the rocket was taken into service. Numerous reports and military journals often state that actually the deviation of Trident exceeded this requirement for a fairly significant indicator.

DF-5 / 5A, China

Compared to other missiles in this list, Chinese DF-5 / 5A can be considered a gray workhorse. The rocket does not stand out for either appearance nor complexity, but at the same time it is capable of performing any task. DF-5 was commissioned in 1981, as a message to any potential enemies that China does not plan to preventive strikes, but will punish anyone who decides to attack him. This ICBM may carry a huge warhead with 5 MT and has a range of more than 12,000 km. DF-5 has a deviation of approximately 1 km, which means that the rocket has one goal - to destroy the city. The size of the warheads, the deviation and the fact that it takes only an hour to fully prepare for launch, all this means that DF-5 is punitive weapon, intended to punish any potential strikers. Version 5A has an increased range, an improvement in the deviation by 300 m and the ability to carry several warheads.

R-36M2 "Voevoda"

R-36M2 "Voivode" - a rocket, which in the West is not otherwise called Satan and there are weighty reasons for it. For the first time, deployed in 1974, developed in Dnepropetrovsk, the R-36 complex has passed many changes since then, including the transfer of warheads. The latest modification of this missile, the R-36M2 can carry ten warheads by 750 CT and has a range of approximately 11,000 km. With a maximum speed of almost 8 km / s and probable deviation of 220 m, Satan - a weapon that caused a great concern to American military planners. Anxiety would be much more if the Soviet planners gave the green light to expand one version of this rocket, which had to be 38 warheads by 250 CT. Russia plans to remove all these rockets by 2019.


Continued, visit the selection of the most powerful weapons in the history where not only rockets are collected.

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At the end of 1993, Russia announced the development of a new domestic rocket, designed to become the basis for a promising grouping of strategic rocket troops. Development of a missile 15j65 (RS-12M2), called "Topol-M", was carried out by the Russian cooperation of enterprises and design bureaus. The head developer of the missile complex is the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering.

The "Topol-M" rocket was created as the modernization of the IBD RS-12M. The conditions of modernization are determined by the START-1 Agreement, according to which the new rocket is considered, differing from the existing (analog) one of the following signs:

number of steps;

the type of fuel any of the steps;

starting mass by more than 10%;

the length of either the rocket assembled without the head part, or along the length of the first stage of the rocket by more than 10%;

the diameter of the first stage by more than 5%;

throwing weight by more than 21% in combination with a change in the length of the first stage by 5% or more.

Thus, mass-dimensional characteristics and some features of the design of the MBR "Topol-M" are rigidly limited.

The stage of state flight tests of the Topol-M missile complex passed on 1-GIC MO. In December 1994, the first launch of the mine starting plant took place. April 28, 2000 The State Commission approved the act on the adoption of the RVSN of the Russian Federation of the Intercontinental Ballistic Rocket "Topol-M".

Distribution of parts - the regiment in Tatishchevo (Saratov region) (from November 12, 1998), military unit in Altai (approx. The village of Sibirsky, Pervomaisky district, Atayi region). The first two rockets "Topol-M" / RS-12M2 / were put on pilot duty in Tatishchevo in December 1997 after four test starts, and on December 30, 1998, the first regiment of 10 missiles of this type took over combat duty.

The manufacturer of Rockets "Topol-M" is the GP "Votkin Machine-Building Plant". Nuclear warhead was created under the leadership of Georgy Dmitriev in Arzamas-16.

The RS-12M2 Rocket "Topol-M" is unobed with promising R-30 missiles "Bulaw", created for armament of atomic submarines of the strategic appointment of the project 955.

In the West, the complex received the designation SS-X-27.

Structure

Rocket 15J65 is operated as part of a stationary (15p065) and mobile (15p165) combat missile systems (BRC). At the same time, in the stationary version, mining launchers (SPU) of missiles, removed from weapons or destroyed in accordance with the START-2 Treaty are used. The stationary grouping is created by re-equipment of the SPU 15P735 of the MBR of the middle class 15a35 (the development of Vympel OKB) and the SPU 15P718 of the MBR of heavy class 15a18m (CBSM development).

A military stationary mine rocket complex 15P065 includes 10 missiles 15Zh65 in mining launchers 15p765-35 and one unified command post type 15B222 high security (placed on the suspension in the mine using special depreciation). The application of a "mortar start" made it possible to significantly increase the stability of the ShPU 15P765-35 to the PFA due to the removal of the elements of the launcher 15P735 necessary for the gas-dynamic start of missiles 15a35, the use of an improved depreciation system and filling the released volume with heavy-reinforced concrete of special brands. Work on the conversion of mining launchers 15p735 to accommodate Topol-M missiles in them were carried out by the Vympel Executive Design Bureau under the guidance of Dmitry Dragun.

In accordance with the START-2 Agreement, it is allowed to re-equip 90 SPU 15P718 missiles 15A18 under the rocket 15J65, while ensuring guarantees of the impossibility of installing into such a refitted PU heavy ICBM. The revision of these ships includes the fill of the 5m layer of concrete to the bottom of the mine, as well as the installation of a special restrictive ring at the top of the starting unit. The internal dimensions of the heavy rocket mine are redundant to accommodate the "Topol-M" missile, even taking into account the fill of the lower part of the PU concrete. The mass of the rocket "Topol-M", its outer diameter and length of less mass-geometric dimensions of the rocket 15a18m, respectively, approximately 5, 1.5 and 1.5 times. To preserve and apply when converting the aggregates and the heavy SPU system, it was required to conduct a number of comprehensive studies of the SPU loading circuit for the Jav and start, the maintenance system, the effect on the gas dynamics of the larger inner free amount of mine, restrictive ring and massive and large roof, LED Questions, TPK with a rocket in Pu et al.

The resource-saving technology when creating serial PU 15P765-18 provides for the preservation of a protective roof, a barbet, a drum, a mine barrel with a bottom directly on the object and reuse most of the equipment PU 15P718 - protective roof drives, depreciation systems, elevators, etc. Equipment - after dismantling them , sending to plants manufacturers, conducting RVR at factories with tests on stands. The problem of implementing resource-saving technology is closely related to the establishment of new warranty periods for recycled equipment, including for the mine barrel. The placement of Topol-M missiles in the existing SPU modified thus makes it possible to significantly reduce the costs of developing and deploying the complex. Successful flight tests (see Foto - 09/26/2000 Playground 163/1 "Jubilee") Allowed the State Commission to recommend adoption of the adoption of the rocket complex of the SPU, refurbished from the Spa heavy missiles and in the summer of 2000. Such a complex was adopted by the Presidential Decree of the Russian Federation.

The combat missile complex (BRK) 15p065 with a solid fuel ICBM 15Zh65 of a lightweight class having increased resistance to the PFAI provides a launch of a missile without a delay to normalize the external situation in a multiple nuclear impact on neighboring BRK objects and when blocking the positional area by high-altitude nuclear explosions, as well as with the minimum The delay in defiant nuclear impact directly by the start-up. The stability of the PU and the mining command item to the PFEM is significantly improved, it is possible to start from a constant combat reading mode according to one of the planned targetscript, as well as operational reciphelation and startup according to any unscheduled target designation transmitted from the highest management. Increased likelihood of teams for starting to KP and Shpu. In the process of combat duty, the rocket 15J65 is located in a metal transport and starting container. TPK is unified for both types of Shpu.

The installation unit of the complex (see Foto), created in the Motor KB, combines the functions of the installer and the transport and overload machine.

MBR "Topol-M" Mobile Bases are deployed as part of the BRK 15P165. Mobile base rocket 15Zh65 is placed in high-strength TPK fiberglass on the eight-point chassis of MZKT-79221 (MAZ-7922) of high passability and it is practically different from the mine option. The weight of the launcher is 120 tons, length - 22 meters, width - 3.4 meters. Six eight pairs are swivels, which provides a radius of 18 meters. Pressure on the installation of the installation is two times less than an ordinary cargo car. Engine PU - V-shaped 12-cylinder diesel engine with turbocharging YAMZ-847 Moinown 800l.c. Depth of overcomed by broth to 1.1m. When creating systems and aggregates of the BRK 15p165 "Topol-M" used a number of fundamentally new technical solutions compared to the "Poplar" complex. So, the system of incomplete hanging makes it possible to deploy PU "Topol-M" even on soft soils. Improved permeability and maneuverability of the installation, which increases its vitality. "Topol-M" is capable of producing starts from any point of the positional area, and also has improved disguise means of both against the optical and other means of intelligence (including due to the decline in the infrared component of the demiscipright field of the complex, as well as the use of special coatings that reduce radar Name).

Rocket 15Zh65 has three marching steps plus a level of breeding combat units. All steps are solid fuel. Marsh steps have a solid cocoa body from composite material. Unlike its predecessor "Poplar" at 15J65 there are no lattice stabilizers and steering. Flying control on the operation site of the first stage is common in a central rotary partially recessed nozzle based on an elastic hinge. The length of the first stage is 8.04m, diameter - 1.86m, the mass of a fully equipped first stage - 28.6t RDTT of the first stage at sea level - 890000kn. The second and third steps are equipped with a central rotary partially recessed nozzle with a folding nozzle nozzle. The nozzle blocks of all steps are made of carbon-carbon material, nozzle liners - based on a three-dimensional oriented carbon-carbon matrix. The diameter of the second stage is 1.61m, the third - 1.58m.

The control system is inertial on the basis of the BCVK and the gyrostabilized platform. The complex of high-speed command gyroscopic devices has improved accuracy characteristics, the new BCVK has an increased productivity and resistance to the effects of the PFA, aiming is provided by implementing the autonomous determination of the azimuth of the control element installed on a gyrostabilized platform using a terrestrial complex of command instruments placed on TPK. Increased combat readiness, accuracy and resource of continuous operation of on-board equipment.

The high characteristics of the Rocket 15Zh65 to ensure the high level of resistance to the striking factors of the nuclear explosion were achieved by applying a set of measures that had proven more when creating MBR R-36M2 (15A18M), RT-23UNTH (15J60) and RT-2PM (15J58):

• the use of a protective coating of the new development applied to the outer surface of the rocket housing and ensuring comprehensive protection against the PFA;
• application of the management system developed on an element base with increased resistance and reliability;
• application on the body of the hermetic instrument compartment, in which the Super equipment was placed, a special coating with a high content of rare earth elements;
• applications of shielding and special ways to lay the onboard cable network rocket;
• introduction of a special rocket maneuver when passing a cloud of ground nuclear explosion and so on.

Successful measures were taken to reduce the duration of the flight and a decrease in the height of the end point of the active portion of the rocket flight path. The IBBR also received the possibility of a limited maneuver on the active site of the trajectory, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the likelihood of its defeat on the most vulnerable, initial, flight site. According to the developers, the active portion of the flight (the start, section of the work of the Marsh Steps, the Battle Equipment section) of the MBR "Topol-M" is reduced compared with liquid ICBMs for which it is about 10 minutes, in "3-4 times".

Type of head: separated monoblock thermonuclear with high-speed, high levels of resistance to the PF, combat unit. In the future, it is possible to equip the rocket of the maneuvering GC or the separating GC with the number of combat units from 3 to 6 (promising BB with a capacity of 150 kt for RGCH in unified with BB for the R-19M complex with BRPL R-30 "Bulava"). The first test launch of the mobile version of the MBR "Topol-M", equipped with RGCH with combat blocks of individual guidance (the official name of the new rocket - RS-24), passed on May 29, 2007 from the Plesetsk cosmodrome.

It should be noted that the ICBR CBR was created with the maximum use of developments and technologies obtained when creating a BC for the MBR "Poplar", which made it possible to reduce the development time and reduce the cost. Despite such a unification, the new BC is significantly more resistant to the PFI and the action of weapons based on new physical principles than the predecessor, has a smaller specific mass, has improved safety mechanisms for storage, transportation and in combat duty. The new BC has an increased, compared with the predecessor, the ratio of the useful use of dividing materials and is the historically first domestic GC for the ICBM, the creation of which occurred without testing parts and components during the internal nuclear explosions.

Rocket 15J65 is supplied with a new complex of breakthrough fund (PCP Pro). KSP pro consists of passive and active false goals (LC) and distortion of the characteristics of the head. The LCs are indistinguishable from combat units in all ranges of electromagnetic radiation (optical, laser, infrared, radar), allow you to simulate the characteristics of combat units in virtually all selective features on an off-impact, transitional and significant part of the atmospheric section of the downward branch of the trajectory of the rocket combat blocks, are resistant to Agrowing the factors of the nuclear explosion and the radiation of the heavy duty laser with nuclear pumping, etc., for the first time, the LCs are designed, capable of withstanding radar with superior. The means of distortion of the characteristics of the head part consist of a radio absorbing (combined with heat-shielded) coating of GC, generators of active radio domain, aerosol-sources of infrared radiation, etc. The KSP is designed to significantly increase the time required by a promising opponent for the detection of the GC among the many false goals and interference, thus significantly reducing the probability of interception of the GC. For a number of data, the mass of the KSP about the MBR "Topol-M" exceeds the mass of the KSP about the American ICBM LGM-118A "PeaceKeeper". In the future, when equipping a rocket with a maneuvering head (or a divided head with combat blocks of individual guidance), the possibilities about the likely enemy to intercept the GC will, according to Russian specialists, are reduced to almost zero.

Characteristics of the RK "Topol-M" allow you to significantly increase the readiness of the RVSN to perform the combat missions in any conditions, to ensure maneuverability, security actions and the survivability of parts, units and individual starting plants, as well as management reliability and autonomous operation for a long time (without replenishment reserves of material means). Almost twice the accuracy of aiming, an accuracy of the definition of geodesic data was increased, one and a half times, the time of preparation for the start-up was reduced.

The re-equipment of parts of the RVSN is carried out using the already available infrastructure. Mobile and stationary options are fully compatible with an existing combat management system and communication. The warranty period of the ICBM 15Zh65 - 15 years (for a number of data - 20 years).

Tactical and technical characteristics

Maximum shooting range, km	11000
Number of steps	3
Starting mass, t	47.1 (47.2)
Thrown mass, t	1,2
Length of the rocket without a head, m	17.5 (17.9)
Rocket length, m	22.7
Maximum case diameter, m	1,86
Type of head	Monoblock, nuclear
Equivalent of Biasaircraft, MT	0.55
Circular probable deviation, m	200
The diameter of the TPK (without protruding parts), m	1.95 (for 15p165 - 2.05)
MZKT-79221 (MAZ-7922)
FOOT FOPMULA	16x16
Radioca	18
DOPORE PPOCEVE, MM	475
Macca in the Snap Cointing (without combat equipment), t	40
GPUPSPOKOPLY, T.	80
Maximum scope, km / h	45
Put, km	500

Testing and operation

February 9, 2000 At 15:59 MSC combat calculation of the rocket troops of the strategic appointment of the Russian Federation (RVSH) from the 1st state test cosmodrome "Plesetsk" carried out a successful test launch of the intercontinental ballistic missile "Topol-M". Starting MBR "Topol-M" (RS-12M2) was produced by a combat field of a Kura located on Kamchatka. The rocket struck the school target in a given area.

April 20, 2004 At 21:30 MSK, the joint combat calculations of the RVSH and the Space Forces of Russia with a cosmodrome Plesetsk carried out another test launch of the intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBD) "Topol-M" with a self-propelled launcher on flight test plan in the interests of RVSN. This was the first launch in the last 15 years in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Hawaiian Islands of more than 11 thousand kilometers.

December 24, 2004 A successful test launch of the Rocket "Topol-M" from the mobile starting unit was carried out. Start was produced at 12:39 Moscow time from the Plesetsk Polygon district. The head of the rocket reached the appointed goal at the Kura Polygon on Kamchatka at 13:03 Moscow time. The start-up became the fourth and final launch of the mobile version of the Topol-M complex, carried out as part of the tests of the complex.

November 1, 2005 From the Kapustin Yar polygon in the Astrakhan region, a successful test launch of the RC-12M1 "Topol-M" rocket was held with a maneuvering head. This launch was sixth as part of the test system created to overcome the American missile defense. The launch was produced by the tenth test polygon located in Kazakhstan (Priozersk).

One of the most successful Russian accommodated complexes is considered to be the Mobile Ground Rocket Complex "Topol" (SS-25 "Sickle" on the NATO-US classification) with a RC-12M rocket. "Topol-M" is the result of further modification of the "poplar" complex and is equipped with a more advanced RC-2PM2 missile

One of the most successful Russian accommodated complexes is considered to be the Mobile Ground Rocket Complex "Topol" (SS-25 "Sickle" on the NATO-US classification) with a RC-12M rocket.

The development of an intercontinental ballistic three-step rocket RT-2PM on a solid mixture fuel weighing 45 tons with a monoblock nuclear warhead (mass 1 ton) was carried out by the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering under the guidance of the Chief Designer Nadiradze (after his death, the development continued Lagutin) and is the further modernization of the RT-2P missile.

The first tension of the rocket was held at the Plesetsk polygon on February 8, 1983, and in 1985 the RTA-2PM rocket entered the RVSN. The RT-2PM rocket is produced in Votkinsk, its PU is a semi-axle MAZ-7310 type machine (late modifications on MAZ-7917) - at the Barricade plant in Volgograd. The entire service life of the RT-2PM rocket is carried out in a sealed transport and starting container with a length of 22 m and a diameter of 2 m. PU with weight about 100t. And very solid sizes has good mobility and passability.

Unlike the RSD-10 and Temp-2C, the Rocket of the Topol complex can be allowed from any point of the battle patrol route. If necessary, the RS-12M start can be made directly from the hangar during the parking for maintenance, through the sliding roof. For starting from an unequipped position, the PU is hanging on jacks and horizontal. Time preparation for starting about 2 minutes. Start type - mortar: After installing the "Penal" to the vertical position and shooting its top cap, the powder pumping batteries are pushed out of a rocket to a height of several meters from it, after which the first stage march engine is launched.

The RT-2PM rocket is made according to the scheme with three marching steps. A new, more perfect mixed fuel developed in Lyubertsk LPPO "Union" was applied in the rocket. At all three steps, RDTT with one fixed nozzle is installed. On the first-stage housing was placed folding rotary lattice aerodynamic steering wheel (4 pcs) used to suspend by flight jointly with gas druses and 4 lattice aerodynamic stabilizers. The housings of the upper steps were made by the method of continuous winding from organoplastic according to the scheme "Cocoon". The third stage was equipped with a transition compartment for fastening the combat part. The shooting range was controlled by the cut-off of the third stage route engine, using the cut-off knot, with eight reversible rasters and "windows", driven by detonating charges in the organoplastic power construction of the case.

Autonomous guidance system, inertial with BTVM. The head of the monoblock, the nuclear weighing about 1 t. The rocket was equipped with a complex of means of overcoming about the likely enemy. A comprehensive control system allowed to fully automate the control of the rocket in flight, preparation for the start and conducting control and regulations.

After upgrading, the rocket could be used in the Shpu.

For new complexes, mobile and stationary command items were developed. Movable command post of combat management MBR "Topol" was placed on the chassis of a four-axle car MAZ-543M.

Mobile command points "Barrier" and Granite, equipped with a rocket, with a transmitter, instead of combat load, were used to control the fire, which, after launching the rocket, was duplicated to start the command for PU located in positional areas.

In 1984, construction of stationary basing structures and equipment of military patrol routes of mobile missile systems "Poplar" began in the positional areas of the IBR-2P and UR-100 ICB-100 on duty, located in the OS Shp. Later, it was arranged to arrange the positional areas removable from weapons under the RSMD Agreement complexes of medium range.

The complex "Topol" began to arrive in 1985. The first rocket regiment took over the combat duty near Yoshkar-Oloi on July 23, 1985. The Rocket Divisions "Popoles" were stationed near Barnaul cities, Upper Salda (Nizhny Tagil), Executive (Bologoye), Yoshkar-Ola, Teikovo, Jury, Novosibirsk, Kansk, Irkutsk, as well as at the village of the woodlovaya Chita region. Nine regiments (81 launchers) were deployed in missile divisions on the territory of Belarus - under the cities of Lida, Mozyr and Podavi. After the collapse of the USSR, part of the "poplas" remained on the territory of Belarus and were derived from it by November 27, 1996.

According to the Treaty on START-2 360 units of the Rocket Complex "Poplar" until 2007 will be reduced.

In 1986, on the basis of the second and third stage, the RT-2PM missile was developed by a mobile primer complex of the average radius of action "Speed".

Tactical and technical characteristics of the RS-12 complex complex

"Topol M"

Currently, the basis of the land component of the strategic nuclear forces of Russia is the "Topol-M" complex, manufactured by the Votkinsky engineering plant. This complex is the only serial current missile complex in Russia.

Topol-M is the result of further modification of the "poplar" complex and is equipped with a more advanced RC-2PM2 missile.

Due to the restrictions imposed on the modernization of the main provisions of the START-2 Treaty, the tactical and technical characteristics of the rocket could not undergo significant changes and the main differences from the RS-2PM lies in the features of flight and stability during penetration through the system of possible anti-missile defense of the enemy. Moreover, the head part was originally created taking into account the possibility of rapid upgrades in case of the appearance of active systems of proof. The creators do not deny the technical ability to install a head unit with separating individual guidance warheads. According to experts, they can be from three to seven.

Thanks to three, improved marching solid fuel engines, the RS-12M2 rocket began to gain the speed much faster, and several dozen auxiliary engines, devices and mechanism of control make it also difficult and difficult to predict for the enemy. In RS-12M2, in contrast to its predecessor, there are no lattice aerodynamic stabilizers, an improved guidance system (insensitive to powerful electromagnetic pulses) was used, a more efficient mixed charge is used.

According to the plans of the leadership of Russia and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the "Topol-M" will have to replace 270 complexes of mine basing with rockets equipped with separating head units. This is, first of all, ballistic liquid rockets of RS-20 systems (SS-18 in Western classification), RS-18 (SS-19), RS-16 (SS-17) and solid fuel RS-22 (SS-24), created yet At the beginning of the eighties. Over time, 350 rolling complexes "Poplar" will be added to these missiles, to replace which the mobile version of the "Poplar-M" based on an eight-axis tractor is developed. According to the latest plans of the government in 2004, it is planned to begin testing the mobile version of the Topol-M complex.

In the process of combat duty, Topol-M rocket will be located in the transport and launch container. It is assumed that it will be operated in the composition of both stationary (in mining launchers) and mobile complexes. At the same time, in the stationary version, it is advisable to use mine starting settings (SPUs) of missiles, removed from weapons or destroyed in accordance with the START-2 Treaty. The revision of these Ships should ensure the impossibility of installing the "heavy" ICBM and includes the fill of the concrete layer to the bottom of the shaft, as well as the installation of a special restrictive ring at the top. The placement of Topol-M missiles to the existing SPU modified in this way will significantly reduce the cost of development and placement of the complex. The starting method is active-reactive ("mortar").

The re-equipment of parts of the RVSN is carried out using the already available infrastructure. Mobile and stationary options are fully compatible with an existing combat management system and communication.

When creating systems and aggregates of the mobile launcheling, the complex "Topol-M" used fundamentally new technical solutions. So, the system of incomplete hanging makes it possible to deploy PU "Topol-M" even on soft soils. Improved permeability and maneuverability of the installation, which increases its vitality. Topol-M is able to make starts from any point of the positional area (and not from a limited number of predetermined positions), and also has improved disguise means both against the optical and other intelligence means.

TECHNICAL SHAFTER CATCHESTERS: Caulted FOPMULA - 16x16, Updated Types and Printing OCI, Padioc - 18 m, DOPOZNE PPOCE - 475 mm, PPEOnable BDOd - 1.1 m, Tires - 1.600x600-685, Macca in Snaping Cottage - 40.000 kg, gpuzapodnapodnost - 80.000 kg, engine - V12 Diesel YAMZ-847 MOCILLY 800 l. c., CKOPOCE - 45 km / h, the extrovex is 500 km.

Characteristics of the RK "Topol-M" allow you to significantly increase the readiness of the RVSN to perform the combat missions in any conditions, to ensure maneuverability, security actions and the survivability of parts, units and individual starting plants, as well as management reliability and autonomous operation for a long time (without replenishment reserves of material means).

Rockets are equipped with monoblock warheads, but, in contrast to all other strategic missiles, it may be minted in the shortest possible time to be separated by the separating head units capable of carrying up to three charges. If necessary, if restrictions under the START-2 Agreement will be removed, several combat units with individual guidance (RGCH) can be installed on this monoblock rocket.

The main advantages of the RK "Topol-M" are in the peculiarities of flight and combat resistance in penetration through the system of possible anti-missile defense of the enemy. Three marching solid fuel engines allow a rocket to dial the speed much faster than all previous types of missiles. Higher energy rocket reduces the effectiveness of pro at the active site of the trajectory. Several dozen auxiliary engines, devices and mechanism of control make this rapid flight are also difficult to predict for the enemy. In addition, the RS-12M2 rocket carries a whole range of breakthrough funds about more than the American MX with 10 warheads. Finally, according to Western sources, a maneuvering headset has been created for Popol-M (Russian sources of such information do not contain); If this is true, Topol-M embodies a major breakthrough in the means of overcoming the missile defense.

However, "Topol-M" apparently is not an ideal complex; Support on it seems to be largely caused by the absence of alternatives. During the discussion around the Treaty of START-2, its shortcomings were disclosed in numerous publications. In accordance with this information, the "Poplar" has a relatively small speed and low security, which limits its ability to exit from under the impact with a short prevention time and makes it vulnerable to striking nuclear explosion factors, such as a shock wave. Although the "Topol-M", apparently, managed to improve, its wigsabaric characteristics are close to the "Topol", and this puts objective limits on the way of overcoming the above deficiencies.

Tactically specific characteristics of PC-12M2 "Topol-M" (Russia)

Arms year	1997
Maximum shooting range, km	10000
Number of steps	3
Starting mass, t	47,1
Throwing weight, t	1,2
Length of the rocket without a head, m	17,5
Length of the rocket with the head part, m	22,7
Maximum rocket diameter, m	1,86
Number of combat units, pcs	1
Type of head	monoblock, nuclear, separated
Mattress of combat charge, MT	0,55
Shooting accuracy (CVO), m	350
Type of fuel	solid mixed
Type of control system	Autonomous, inertial on the basis of BCVK
Way of start	Mortary
Basing method	Mine and mobile

Russian civilization

10/13/2016 at 18:10 · Pavlofox. · 42 240

The fastest rockets in the world

Readers are represented the fastest rockets in the worldin the entire history of creation.

10. R-12U | Speed \u200b\u200b3.8 km / s

The fastest rocket of the medium ballistic range with a maximum speed of 3.8 km per second opens the ranking of the fastest rockets in the world. The P-12U was a modified R-12 option. The rocket was different from the prototype absence of an intermediate bottom in the oxidant tank and some minor changes in the design - there are no wind loads in the mine, which made it easier for tanks and dry rocket compartments and abandon stabilizers. Since 1976, R-12 and P-12u rockets began to be removed from weapons and replaced with mobile primer complexes "Pioneer". They were removed from weapons in June 1989, and in the period to 21 May 1990, 149 missiles were destroyed in Belarus.

9. SM-65 "Atlas" | Speed \u200b\u200b5.8 km / s

One of the fastest American carrier missiles with a maximum speed is 5.8 km per second. It is the first developed intercontinental ballistic missile adopted by the USA. Designed under the MX-1593 program since 1951. The basis of the US Air Force Nuclear Arsenal in 1959-1964, but was then rapidly removed from weapons due to the advent of the more advanced Rocket Minitman. He served as the basis for the creation of a family of spacecraft carrier atlas, operating since 1959 and today.

8. UGM-133A TRIDENT II | Speed \u200b\u200b6 km / s

UGM.-133 A. Trident II. - American three-stage ballistic rocket, one of the fastest in the world. Its maximum speed is 6 km per second. "Trident-2" was developed since 1977 in parallel with easier "Traine-1". Adopted in 1990. Starting mass - 59 tons. Max. Clearance weight - 2.8 tons with a start range of 7800 km. The maximum range of flight with a reduced number of combat units is 11,300 km.

7. RSM 56 Bulava | Speed \u200b\u200b6 km / s

One of the fastest solid fuel ballistic missiles in the world, which is in service with Russia. It has a minimum damage radius of 8000 km, approximate speed of 6 km / s. The development of a rocket has been conducted since 1998 by the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering, developed in 1989-1997. The terrestrial basic rocket "Topol-M". To date, 24-test starts "Bulava" were produced, fifteen of them were recognized as successful (during the first start, the mass-barber layout of the rocket), two (seventh and eighth) - partially successful were launched. The last test launch of the rocket took place on September 27, 2016.

6. Minuteman LGM-30G | Speed \u200b\u200b6.7 km / s

Minuteman. LGM.-30 G. - One of the fastest intercontinental ballistic missiles of ground-based basic in the world. Its speed is 6.7 km per second. LGM-30G "Minitman" III has a calculated flight range from 6,000 kilometers to 10,000 kilometers depending on the type of warhead. Minitmen-3 is in service with the United States since 1970 to date. She is the only mine basing rocket in the United States. The first launch of the rocket took place in February 1961, modifications II and III were launched in 1964 and 1968, respectively. The rocket weighs about 34,473 kilograms, equipped with three solid fuel engines. It is planned that the rocket will be in service until 2020.

5. 53T6 Amur | Speed \u200b\u200b7 km / s

The fastest antira in the world intended for the defeat of highly shaded goals and high-altitude hypersonic missiles. Tests of the 53T6 series of Amur complex were started in 1989. Its speed is 5 km per second. The rocket is a 12-meter pointed cone without protruding parts. Its housing is made of high strength steels using winding of composite materials. The design of the rocket allows you to withstand large overload. The interceptor starts with a 100-fold acceleration and is able to intercept the goals flying at a speed of up to 7 km per second.

4. Satan SS-18 (R-36M) | Speed \u200b\u200b7.3 km / s

The most powerful and fast nuclear missile in the world at a speed of 7.3 km per second. It is intended, first of all, in order to destroy the most fortified team points, the mines of ballistic missiles and air bases. The nuclear explosive of one rocket can destroy the big city, quite most of the United States. The accuracy of the hit - about 200-250 meters. The rocket is placed in the most durable mines in the world. SS-18 carries 16 platforms, one of which is loaded with false goals. Going to a high orbit, all the heads "Satan" go "in the cloud" of false goals and are practically not identifiable by radar. "

3. Dongfeng 5A | Speed \u200b\u200b7.9 km / s

Intercontinental ballistic missile (DF-5A) with a maximum speed of 7.9 km per second opens the top three in the world. The Chinese ICBM DF-5 was commissioned in 1981. It can carry a huge warhead with 5 MT and has a range of more than 12,000 km. DF-5 has a deviation of approximately 1 km, which means that the rocket has one goal - to destroy the city. The size of the warheads, the deviation and the fact that it takes only an hour to fully prepare for launch, all this means that DF-5 is punitive weapon, intended to punish any potential strikers. Version 5A has an increased range, an improvement in the deviation by 300 m and the ability to carry several warheads.

2. P-7 | Speed \u200b\u200b7.9 km / s

P-7. - Soviet, first intercontinental ballistic rocket, one of the fastest in the world. Its limit speed is 7.9 km per second. The development and production of the first specimens of the rocket was carried out in 1956-1957 near Moscow enterprise OKB-1. After successful starts, it was used in 1957 to launch the world's first artificial satellites. Since then, the rocket carriers of the R-7 family are actively used to launch spacecraft for various purposes, and since 1961, these carrier missiles are widely used in the piloted cosmonautics. Based on the P-7, a whole family of launch vehicles was created. From 1957 to 2000, more than 1,800 carrier missiles on the P-7 base were launched, of which more than 97% were successful.

1. RT-2PM2 "Topol-M" | Speed \u200b\u200b7.9 km / s

RT-2PM2 "Topol-M" (15j65) - The fastest intercontinental ballistic rocket in the world with a maximum speed of 7.9 km per second. Limit range - 11,000 km. It carries one thermonuclear battle unit with a capacity of 550 CT. The mine in the basing is adopted in 2000. Start method - mortar. The Marsh Torticultural Rocket Engine allows it to gain the speed much faster than previous types of rockets of a similar class created in Russia and the Soviet Union. This greatly makes it difficult to intercept the means on the active portion of flight.

Choosing readers:

What else to see:

The intercontinental ballistic missile "Poplar" is the most important component of the mobile ground complex, which has become the basis of the nuclear shield of our state for many decades.

In response to the improvement of the tactical characteristics of high-precision weapons systems of NATO countries, it was necessary to create a unique type of weapons. The most important requirement was declared a high vitality of the complex, which is achieved by maneuverability and deployment rates.

History of creation

July 19, 1977a decree was published on the start of work. However, the implementation of the project, whose supervisor Alexander Nadiradze was appointed, began at the Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering Several earlier - in 1975.

1979 year It was marked by the start of factory charges of charges for 2 and 3 stages of the rocket engine by specialists of the Pavlograd Chemical Plant.

October 27, 1982 The first field tests began. The main task was to check the start system and launch of the rocket engine. The launch was unsuccessful, but the results obtained were carefully studied and taken into account in further work.

December 23, 1983 The next stage of design tests began, based on the results of which high TTH TTH Topol M. Only once the tests failed.

From 1984 to 1988 The mass production of the new Rocket Complex "Poplar" was launched. Self-propelled plants were manufactured at the Barricade plant in Volgograd, and the rocket itself became the "brainchild" of the Votkin Machine-Building Plant.

July 23, 1985 To summarize the military experience not far from the city of Yoshkar-Ola, the military unit of rocket troops was created.

In 1987After the death of the chief designer, the work was continued under the beginning of Boris Lagutina.

Boris Lagutin, Rocket Arms Designer

December 1, 1988 ICBM "Topol" was adopted by RVSN. Within only 3 years, 288 new missiles have been deployed.

Description of the ballistic missile "Poplar"

RT-2PM "Topol" (according to the classification of NATO-"SS-25" Sickle ", grau-15j58) is a strategic complex with a solid fuel three-stage intercontinental ballistic rocket.

Despite its appearance, the ballistic missile "Poplar" is classified as light. The launcher is mobile and ground, and the control system has its own on-board computer (BTCM).

Thanks to the BCVM and use for each of the steps of the newest type of solid fuel, the designers managed to increase the targeting range of firing. At the same time, the possible deviation will be only 150-200 m.

1. Head.
2. Transition compartment.
3. Marsh engine rocket 3 steps.
4. Connecting compartment 2 steps.
5. Marshus engine 2 rockets steps.
6. Connection compartment 1 step.
7. Marsh engine rocket 1 steps.
8. Tail compartment 1 steps.

Tactical and technical characteristics (TTX)

As previously mentioned, the rocket is Topol M three-stage. Its length together with the head part is 22.7 m, and the diameter is 1.8 m. The complex itself is ready for the start after 2 minutes after the task is set. Other features of the Rocket "Topol M" are reflected in the table.

Intercontinental ballistic rocket 15J58 (RT-2PM)

Autonomous Startup (APU)

Weight

Machine to ensure combat duty (MOBD)

Now, along with the complexes of early versions, IBR "Topol-M" is applied. In connection with the international agreements of Russia, significant changes in flight and tactical characteristics (TTH Topol M) has become outside the legal field framework.