SHOWER RAIN. Heavy precipitation in the form of rain, usually large droplets.[ ...]
Heavy rainfall is intense but short-lived. Drizzling precipitation consists of very small droplets - drizzle. These are intramass precipitation falling from stratus and stratocumulus clouds. In addition, there are liquid, solid and mixed precipitation. Liquids include patchy rain, heavy rain and drizzle. Patterned rain falls predominantly from nimbostratus clouds for a long time continuously or with short breaks and covers a wide area. Showers fall from cumulonimbus clouds for a relatively short time. Its intensity fluctuates sharply. Heavy rain covers, as a rule, a relatively small area, passes in a “stripe” and is often accompanied by strong wind.[ ...]
Pr and heavy rains often die very a large number of insects. It was observed, for example, mass death grape leaflet(Clysia ambiguella Hb.) during heavy rains during its imaginal phase (Shtelwag, 1925); According to I. A. Zhuravleva, after heavy rain in 1955 and 1956, the number of cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii Glow.) in the cotton fields in the Yangi-Yulsky district of the Tashkent region decreased several times. Winter rains (at low temperatures) in the vicinity of Tashkent destroy the purple scale insect (Parlatoria oleae Colv.) by 80% and the blood apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.) in very large numbers.[ ...]
Precipitation (rain, hail, snow), in addition to providing water and creating moisture reserves, often play another ecological role. For example, during heavy rains, the soil does not have time to absorb moisture, water flows quickly in strong streams and often carries weakly rooted plants, small animals and fertile soil into lakes and rivers. In floodplains, rains can cause floods and thus adversely affect the plants and animals that live there. In periodically flooded places, a kind of floodplain fauna and flora is formed.[ ...]
LOCAL RAIN. Rain falling over an area of limited size, not associated with a long-distance cloud system, not frontal. It is a shower of rain in a cold air mass or, especially often, in local daytime convection over land.[ ...]
In 1931, after heavy rains at the site of the Poti experimental station, the tung tree plantation died from flooding, which lasted only two days.[ ...]
Distinguish between continuous rain and torrential rain. Drizzle with a smaller diameter of drops should be distinguished from D.. D. falls mainly from mixed clouds, according to the Bergeron-Findeisen theory; less often, mainly in the tropics, from water clouds due to coagulation (fusion) of cloud elements.[ ...]
With a wind of 6 points and above, heavy rain, heavy snowfall, fog, insufficient lighting of the place of work, stacking and dismantling of stacks is prohibited.[ ...]
Many hydroponics are found in areas with heavy rainfall. Shelter frames here can also serve as a support for plants. In one area of Zambia, where 1250-1500 mm of precipitation falls in three months, shelters to protect plants from showers are made of polyethylene film fixed between two layers of wire mesh (Fig. 41).[ ...]
Despite the fact that the post: wheat fell under heavy rain twice with hail? .: and the total yield was small (11.4 d / ha), the effect of fertilizers was clearly manifested. The yield increase from urea amounted to 2.2 centners, from ammonium sulfate - 4.5 centners, from ammonia water - 0.8 centners per hectare.[ ...]
Taking into account the secondary pollution resulting from heavy rains in early October 1994, one can speak of significant pollution large area along the Kolva and Usa rivers. It should be noted that the first to raise the alarm were local fishermen, who found traces of oil on the nets, and residents of the surrounding villages, who noticed that the fish caught in these rivers acquired an unusual smell and taste.[ ...]
The need to consider electrification during the impact of raindrops with a solid underlying surface and the water surface of rivers and seas is based on the fact that the charges that are formed in this case can somehow affect the conditions for the formation and development of lightning electricity, as well as the results of atmospheric electrical measurements. at the surface of the earth. Thus, the heavy rain that accompanies thunderstorms is large-drop, and therefore the impact of heavy rain drops on the surface of the soil or water should lead to the formation of some charge.[ ...]
The second type is unstable weather: sometimes with clearings, sometimes with heavy rain showers and thunderstorms, or snowstorms. It is observed in the cold air mass, in the rear part of the cyclones, but can also be observed on the periphery of anticyclones.[ ...]
And here is what was happening with the weather in the world at the beginning of 1981 (January). As a result of heavy rains, the streets of the Turkish city of Izmir have become similar to the famous canals of Venice. AT Western Europe snow drifts disrupted rail and road communications. And in the north of the Philippine island of Luzon, the vegetable crop was under threat. The reason for this is the morning frosts on the soil. For the tropics, this is extremely a rare event. In the last days of January in eastern and southern regions Romania experienced a heavy snowstorm. In some counties, wind speeds reached 100 to 130 km/h. On railways and highways, due to snow drifts reaching 2 m in places, the movement of trains was disrupted and road transport. Summer (July) unheard of last years cold came to the central and western states of Brazil. In the state of Goiás, a temperature of 3.5 degrees below zero was recorded. According to the statement National Institute, destroyed from 35 to 50 percent of the coffee crop.[ ...]
FLOOD - flooding as a result of rapid melting of snow during thaws or heavy rains, water releases from reservoirs. Unlike high water, P. can be repeated several times in different seasons of the year.[ ...]
N.V. Krasnogorskaya gives data on measurements of the charges of thunderstorm rain drops on July 16, 1954 at the Ter-skol observatory in the valley of the river. Azau (Elbrus) at an altitude of 2140 m. The maximum intensity of rain did not exceed 14 mm/h, so, most likely, the periphery of the thundercloud passed over the observatory. The main part of the drops had a diameter of up to 3 mm, the maximum diameter was 5.7 mm. The zero isotherm was located at an altitude of 3800-3900 m. The charges of the droplets were mainly in the range from -7 10-12 to 7 x 10-12 C, i.e., they were relatively small. Individual charges reached 10 p C. The average polar charges of the drops turned out to be equal to 1.7 10 12 and -2 x 10-12 C. Approximately the same distribution of charges was observed in the heavy rain on July 28. It was not possible to find any clear connection between charges and droplet sizes.[ ...]
The year 1982 came and brought new weather surprises. Unprecedented snowfalls in the USA, heavy rains in France, floods in Brazil. According to meteorologists, nothing like this has happened for at least the last 30 years.[ ...]
Material damage(about 2 billion rubles) was applied in Stavropol Territory prolonged torrential rains with hail and flooding of rivers. Residential buildings, roads, agricultural buildings were damaged, 46 thousand hectares of grain were destroyed, 72 thousand hectares of other crops were damaged.[ ...]
rescue work in areas of flooding often occur in difficult weather conditions (rain showers, fogs, squally winds). Work to save people begins with reconnaissance, using boats and helicopters equipped with communications equipment.[ ...]
The Brazilian highlands are characterized by uneven moistening of the territory, and short-term heavy rains and the widespread development of laterites do not contribute to the active feeding of groundwater here. Submarine underground runoff gradually decreases towards the south and usually does not exceed 2.5 l / s-km2.[ ...]
In plate-type insulators, a significant increase in discharge voltages is observed not only during heavy rain, but also during washing in fog, and this increase in fog is more significant than that of rod insulators, and lower during rains. The latter is explained by the fact that in plate-type insulators, when moistened by rain, the upper surface of the plate is washed mainly. The smallest increase in discharge characteristics in all cases is observed after washing with drizzle.[ ...]
Atmospheric precipitation in the form of ice particles of irregular shape. It falls during the warm season, usually along with heavy rain during a thunderstorm.[ ...]
At the same time, animal waste accumulates on the territory of farms. Some of them, especially liquid ones, are washed off with water during heavy rains and spring floods, polluting water bodies and leading to the death of aquatic flora and fauna. This is especially true for the waste of pig breeding complexes, the most toxic and requiring special technology for disinfection and processing.[ ...]
Fluctuations in the number of soil algae reflect seasonal fluctuations in average daily temperatures and alternation of drought with heavy rains. The minimum indicators of the abundance of soil algae were noted in May: 4.6 thousand cells Lcm3 (control), 61.1 thousand cells Lcm3 (site 1), 23.6 thousand cells Lcm3 (site 2), largest number algae were found in September: 1.214 million cells Lcm3, 492.8 thousand cells Lcm3, 590.2 thousand cells Lcm3, respectively.
Water regime The soil is mainly determined by precipitation and evaporation, the distribution of precipitation throughout the year, their shape (during heavy rains, water does not have time to penetrate the soil, it flows down in the form of surface runoff).[ ...]
In some areas South Africa often there are earthquakes, so the tanks must have expansion joints. In areas with heavy rainfall, the ground can settle and large concrete slabs can break, causing a lot of trouble. Below is a guide to building tanks, compiled by the Concrete Association of South Africa.[ ...]
The third group of reasons refers to the effects of natural and technogenic nature. The causes of accidents here are storm winds and hurricanes, snowdrifts, heavy rains, lightning discharges, as well as possible sabotage.[ ...]
Annual amount precipitation ranges from 500 mm in the west and southwest to 340-360 mm in the southeastern regions Rostov region. Summer precipitation is predominantly torrential in nature. Heavy rains are often accompanied by thunderstorms and hail. In total, during the warm period (April-October), from 200 to 300 mm of precipitation falls across the territory. The maximum precipitation falls in June.[ ...]
With the calculated average annual number of humidifications (370 humidifications per year), averaged according to the data of 16 meteorological stations of the region under consideration (dew - 130, fog - 65, drizzle - 100, heavy rain - 75), and at the above Average values of the discharge characteristics of insulators the use of a static method for calculating the number of outages of overhead lines according to the methodology gave good agreement with the experience of operating lines at various levels of insulation (Table 4-2). At the same time, it cannot be completely ruled out that individual outages of overhead lines in this area may be caused by the overlapping of garlands when they are polluted by birds.[ ...]
Periodic penetration of warm ocean current El Nino in high latitudes has an impact on the climate of these latitudes, manifested in the rhythmic occurrence of heavy rains in the south South America, and as a result - soil erosion, loss of crops.[ ...]
Based on the data presented in Section 2.1.3, two types of thunderclouds can be distinguished in temperate latitudes: 1) clouds with a top between 6 and 9 km, from which large-droplet showers fall; 2) clouds with a top above 9 km, from which hail falls. Apparently, there are no significant differences in the mechanism of formation of these clouds. In both types of clouds, there are solid hydrometeors (ice pellets and hailstones), but in the first type, the ascending currents, height, and, as a result, the size of solid hydrometeors are smaller than in the second. As a result, hailstones that originate in thunderclouds of the first type have time to completely melt when they fall below the 0 ° C isotherm level, while with clouds of the second type they reach the earth's surface.[ ...]
Marine floods occur when the sea inundates the coast or coastal areas. This usually happens with strong storm winds, or with extremely heavy rain showers.[ ...]
From the name itself follows the main characteristic of cumulonimbus clouds, which distinguishes them from powerful cumulus clouds. It lies in the fact that it usually rains from cumulonimbus clouds. Observations of showers have led to the conclusion that they can fall both from purely droplet clouds and from clouds with a mixed water phase. In temperate latitudes, showers form most frequently in mixed-phase cumulonimbus clouds. AT tropical areas the frequency of showers in liquid-drop clouds is greater than in temperate ones. Drop-liquid cumulonimbus clouds will be called warm, although their top may be at negative temperatures Oh. However, when in question about cumulonimbus clouds and no reservations are made, clouds with a mixed structure are always implied.[ ...]
IVPV in takyrs was used many hundreds, and maybe thousands of years ago, when nomads grazed their herds in the deserts. Absorption wells have survived since then, through which the runoff of heavy rains enters the aquifers. A feature of such an IWL was the displacement of salty groundwater by fresh surface waters, often with salinity up to 30 g/l or more. The result is a lens fresh water floating on saline groundwater. Such freshwater lenses should be operated with the necessary precautions, namely: pumping freshwater with a slight decrease or simultaneously pumping out saline groundwater to prevent the inflow of these salty waters to production wells designed to receive freshwater.[ ...]
Between July and October, strong winds can be caused by the passage of typhoons - tropical cyclones. The passage of typhoons is accompanied not only by storm and hurricane force winds, but also by heavy rains. During the passage of Typhoon Trix from September 18 to September 24, 1965. maximum speeds winds on Sakhalin reached 35 m/s, on Kuril Islands- 40 m/sec. During this period, up to 180 mm of precipitation fell in places in the northern and central regions of Sakhalin. The large surge of water from the sea caused by the hurricane wind, the rolling of rainfall from the mountains and hills into the valleys, the rapid rise in the water level in the rivers caused the overflow of the banks of more than 20 rivers. The rise of water in the rivers of Sakhalin reached two to four meters. The national economy of the region suffered enormous damage.[ ...]
Industrial site No. 2 is located in climatic conditions similar to the area of industrial site No. 1. A relatively small amount precipitation, a significant part of which falls in the form of short-term heavy rains, increased evaporation and lack of air humidity are unfavorable factors for replenishing groundwater in the area.[ ...]
The rate of penetration of air or gas into the soil is called air permeability. AT natural conditions it happens under the influence atmospheric pressure or water that floods the soil surface during snowmelt, heavy rains, etc.[ ...]
For the rivers of the basin Pacific Ocean(Amur, Zeya, Bureya, Ussuri), in areas with monsoon climate the south of the Far East is characterized by a leash regime - a powerful rise in level, often causing catastrophic floods during summer heavy rains.[ ...]
The eastern regions of Siberia and the Far East are characterized by monsoonal circulation of the atmosphere, that is, an active seasonal exchange air masses between continent and ocean. 95% of the precipitation falls here in the summer with the summer monsoon in the form of heavy rains, which can last two or three days.[ ...]
It follows from these data that the formation of a solid phase in the clouds is decisive for the occurrence of showers on the territory of Ukraine. The coagulative growth of droplets in cumulus clouds by itself can lead to the formation of only very weak showers, most of which manages to evaporate under the clouds. At the same time, the coagulation growth of droplets in the upper, supercooled parts of cumulus clouds facilitates their crystallization and the formation of a shower. The formation of thunderstorms, which are usually accompanied by intense showers, occurs when the first radio echo occurs in the area of negative temperatures.[ ...]
The behavior of rivers is determined by physical and geographical features watersheds and climate. In areas with stable snow cover, spring floods occur in rivers caused by snowmelt. On the rivers outside this zone, floods are caused by rains and showers. There is an intermediate type of rivers, where there are both floods. However, on small rivers in the zone of stable snow cover, floods are frequent during heavy rains, and they are often no less than spring floods.[ ...]
Typhoons that originate on the tropical front (outside the territory of Russia, in the western part of the Pacific Ocean) have powerful energy, storm wind force (more than 50-70 m/s), usually exist from 5 to 15 days. They reach the shores of Kamchatka and Sakhalin, causing enormous destruction associated with heavy rains, surge floods, mudflows, avalanches, landslides in the mountains.[ ...]
Particular influence on the composition surface water can have tornadoes - characteristic autumn-winter natural phenomena for Black Sea coast, which capture part of the polluted waters and soils and carry them over long distances up the valley. There they fall in the form of intense rain showers, contaminated with various mechanical impurities and specific chemical components. During the passage of tornadoes, a particularly responsible control over the quality of groundwater intakes is necessary.[ ...]
These data on the features of thunderstorms in warm clouds are of considerable interest, but their paucity is quite obvious. So, almost nothing is known about whether thunderstorms in warm clouds are accompanied by showers, and if they are, then of what intensity. The magnitude of the charges on the drops of heavy rains, the field strength and current strength during discharges inside warm thunderclouds are unknown. To obtain this information, it is necessary to carry out research in tropical and subtropical regions using specially equipped aircraft and ground stations.[ ...]
For covering dense materials such as concrete and hard clay bricks of low porosity, it is best to use plasters of the following composition: one part cement, one part stucco lime and six parts sand (by volume). In the composition of plaster for exterior walls exposed to heavy rains, it is possible to reduce the lime content and increase the amount of cement. In this case, the mixture may have a composition of 13/4: aA: 6 or 1:4 + lime (10% by weight of cement) to improve workability.[ ...]
The intensity of water erosion is increasing as a consequence of the decrease in forest cover. The surface component of the runoff increases by 15-25% due to the reduction, and in some places the complete elimination of underground runoff. Time period of manifestation water runoff at the same time, it is sharply reduced, limited to the time of floods and heavy rains. The disappearance of vegetation with their root system reduces the porosity of soils, rocks and soils within the basin, soils and soils degrade as collectors capable of accumulating moisture and water masses. The structure is fundamentally changing. water resources of such a basin, the surface component of the runoff increases to 90 - 93%, and in some places up to 100%, and the underground component decreases from 25 to 7-5% or less.[ ...]
In principle, plants (at least their above-ground parts) are not limited in their supply of oxygen. Environmentally induced difficulties can arise with root respiration when the soil is waterlogged. Soil aeration is provided by a system of pores filled partly with air and partly with water. In conditions of waterlogging of soils (floods, prolonged heavy rains, etc.), all pores are filled with water, and even in the upper, usually best aerated soil horizons, a situation of oxygen deficiency occurs. This disrupts root growth and function; the level of water absorption and transpiration decreases. With a prolonged lack of oxygen for the root system, the plant withers and dies. So it's ok root system plants does not penetrate into the groundwater horizons.[ ...]
Many fuels contain some, sometimes significant, amount of sulfur. The oxides formed during the combustion of such fuel dissolve well in atmospheric precipitation, forming weak sulfuric and sulfurous acid. Acting together with nitric and nitrous acids, they sometimes cause very high, up to pH 2.0, acidity of precipitation and are the cause of "acid rain", which greatly impoverishes the ecosystems of many lakes and rivers in Europe and North America. Heavy rains are less acidic than light drizzles. This is natural - with the same initial concentration of oxides in the air, in the latter case they dissolve in a smaller amount of water. Such light rains, passing in the leeward side of large industrial centers, sometimes cause damage to the leaves of plants, reduce their resistance to viral and fungal diseases. In the industrial centers themselves, numerous chimneys which emit a particularly large amount of nitrogen and sulfur oxides, weak drizzling rains sometimes turn out to be so acidic that they damage not only urban vegetation, but also some types of synthetic fabrics of people's clothes, cause severe irritation respiratory tract and leather, accelerate the corrosion of metal structures and destroy marble sculptures and architectural details of many historical monuments, for example in Italy.[ ...]
Since the main source of charges according to the Grene-Vonnegut theory is the current from the tips, let's consider this issue in more detail. According to fig. 70, positive charges, created by the current from the tips under the peripheral parts of the cloud, should be carried away by the ascending currents to the central parts of the cloud, where they rise up. But during their movement, the charges must cross the region of intense rain, in which they will be mostly captured by drops - a well-known droplet recharge mechanism observed under thunderclouds, leading to the appearance of a "mirror" effect. So there is little chance for positive ions to reach the central part of the cloud, especially since downward currents develop along with the downpour.[ ...]
A very difficult situation with the provision of industrial safety has developed at enterprises and facilities of the metallurgical industry, where hydraulic structures, which are part of metallurgical enterprises and are in a pre-emergency state. Thus, the breakthrough of the dam of the Tirlyansk reservoir of the Beloretsk Metallurgical Plant on August 7, 1994 in the Republic of Bashkortostan occurred as a result of heavy rainfall in the upper reaches of the river. Belaya and the subsequent rain flood.
During the year, a large amount of precipitation falls on the earth. Depending on the season, people either rejoice in the rain or curse the vagaries of the weather. And how many verses have been written about this phenomenon of nature - and do not count! We reward rain with various epithets, but what do we know about this phenomenon from a scientific point of view? For example, what is continuous and torrential rain? We'll talk about this in the next post.
Relationship between cloud shape and rain
We do not live in the rainy place in the world. However, our country cannot be called the most cloudless. From childhood, we were taught to observe nature, many of us wrote down our observations in a special diary. Now such knowledge has come in handy for travelers and for gardeners, for all people who want to know what surprises to expect from nature in the near foreseeable future.
Despite the fact that folk omens have existed for a long time, scientific observation of precipitation has been carried out for only a few centuries. Meteorologists have established a precise relationship between the shape of clouds and the characteristics of precipitation. Before we find out what continuous rain means, let's talk a little about the mechanism of precipitation generation.
Atmospheric phenomena and processes
For only two hundred years, mankind has known about what types of precipitation, classifications and their names exist. Droplets that originate in the clouds live so little before falling to the ground. But meteorologists have studied in detail the mechanism of the origin of the phenomenon. For example, in order to understand the nature of droplet enlargement, it is necessary to know the laws of thermodynamics and physics.
So, in thin clouds that are visible through the light, only small drizzling drops can arise - such that they do not reach the ground and evaporate directly in the air. A multi-kilometer thick cloud is capable of producing large drops. Such drops form the characteristic sound of rain. This is what we love to listen to during a summer day.
Heavy rain is the most disliked phenomenon
However, there is another category of rain. Long, gloomy and hopeless rains, perhaps, the most unloved phenomenon of nature. Such rain can go on all day, or even for several days, bringing with it a dull and gloomy mood. In such weather, the last thing you want to do is leave the house.
Excessive rain is precipitation that originates in a gray, many-kilometer-long cloud cover. Sometimes this gloomy veil is capable of capturing areas of several hundred kilometers. Even in the presence of gusty and strong winds, clouds are not able to dissipate in a few hours. Therefore, heavy rain can go on for days. In this regard, people reward this phenomenon with the most gloomy and poignant epithets.
Spoiled summer vacation
We have already said that prolonged, tedious rain of medium intensity is very common in autumn time. However, nature brings surprises at any time of the year, and we do not know how to treat them and how to understand. Heavy rain can also occur in summer. Only in this case the rest will be spoiled. July heavy rains bring a noticeable decrease in temperature, which means that bathing season may end too soon.
No harvest
Gardeners also do not favor this type of precipitation; they prefer hot, plentiful, but fleeting showers. If the summer is accompanied by heavy rains, the soil remains cold and wet for a long time, which means that good harvest you can't dream. Heavy rain is a serious test for agriculture in general. With such vagaries of nature, the grain harvest is noticeably reduced, fruits do not have time to ripen. Perhaps only weeds have adapted to such conditions of existence. In Russia and earlier observed summer periods with torrential rains. And in the 16th century, the dominance of gloomy rainy days was observed over the whole of Europe, which resulted in the present. Our ancestors noted this in their annals - "exorbitant sputum."
It's time, sung by poets
But the autumn heavy rain is a more familiar phenomenon, which is even sung by poets. At this time, the clouds go low, and the diameter of the drops is only a few millimeters. Medium drops, which pour out one after another with great frequency, are able to form "rain strings". This is a very beautiful phenomenon when precipitation forms a kind of wall. But if at this time you go outside without an umbrella, then you are unlikely to get very wet, because the intensity of heavy rain is not much higher than the intensity of drizzling rain. Scientists have calculated that, on average, this type of precipitation pours only a quarter cup of water per square meter onto the soil. However, if rainy weather established for a week, or even more - pleasant enough.
Comparison between showers and overflowing rains
Now it's time to find out how the torrential rain differs from the heavy rain. Downpours appear suddenly, but recently, when weather forecasters have learned to predict the weather, this type of precipitation is most often given. The fact is that sudden and heavy downpours, despite their transience, are accompanied by thunderstorms and squally gusts of wind. Sometimes cumulonimbus clouds can also become a natural disaster, only in the truest sense of the word. Strong winds and hurricanes often uproot trees, damage power lines, damage residential buildings and agriculture.
If continuous rain sets in over the entire region, then shower clouds can be characterized by local formation. That is why even in a small town in one area there may be a downpour, and in another at the same time it will be dry. True, such showers last only a few minutes and do not bring any damage to the economy, leaving behind only freshness.
We listen to the weather forecast every day to find out if it will rain today, and whether it is worth taking an umbrella with us to hide from the rain and not get wet. Many of us like to walk in the rain, fall asleep to the sound of rain, while others, on the contrary, try to hide at home at the first drops of rain, they cannot stand the slush and dampness that rains bring.
The first spring rains awaken nature, fill the earth with life-giving moisture, and dissolve the dirty remains of snow. On hot summer days, rains freshen the air, wash dust off the leaves of trees.
Rain is precipitation that fall from the clouds floating across our sky. Clouds can have a wide variety of shapes, they look like huge pieces of cotton wool or giant waves they look like bird feathers. Sometimes the sky is covered with a huge black cloud or a solid gray veil.
How clouds are formed
Clouds form in the sky and are made up of water droplets and ice crystals. How do water droplets and ice crystals get into clouds? Warming up the surface of the earth Sun rays evaporate a large amount of moisture, which in the form of water vapor rises into the air.
Also, water vapor rises from the surfaces of reservoirs: rivers, seas, lakes. All plants of the Earth, from the smallest blade of grass to a huge tree, evaporate water, and animals and humans exhale water vapor.
The higher the temperature and humidity of the air, the more water vapor is formed, which condense and turn into tiny droplets of water. From these small droplets of water, as well as from ice crystals, if the air is cold, clouds form. 
Not every cloud makes it rain. In order for the cloud to rain, the water droplets must become larger. In clouds, the size of the droplets gradually increase - water vapor is deposited on small droplets from the air and the droplets become larger, the same droplets move in the cloud in all directions, collide with each other, merge and increase.
If the cloud consists only of water droplets, then the process of formation of a rain cloud is very slow. Mixed clouds, the upper part of which consists of ice crystals, and the lower part of water droplets, form rain clouds faster, because, falling into the lower layers of the atmosphere, where the temperature is above zero, the ice crystals evaporate and turn into large drops of water. Mixed clouds fall to the ground in the form of heavy rains and even showers. Cumulonimbus, stratocumulus, stratocumulus, stratus and altostratus clouds refer to rain clouds.
What are the rains
Rain is water droplets that are very small less than 0.5 mm and larger, reaching a size of 6-7 mm. Rain is atmospheric precipitation that falls from spring to autumn. AT rare cases it can rain in winter too. Scientists divide precipitation into three types: it is drizzling, overflowing and torrential rains.
The rest of the people give rains a variety of definitions - warm and cold, long-awaited and boring, short-term and protracted.
It often rains with hail, with snow, with a thunderstorm. Rain can be blind or mushroom, and even icy, but also radioactive and acidic, exotic and even stellar.
Drizzling rain, drizzle
When it is drizzling, it is impossible to get wet under such rain, but dampness hanging in the air is felt. Drizzling rain - rain with small and frequent droplets, it is almost invisible, small droplets, falling on the surface of the puddle, do not form circles. Drizzling rains reduce visibility and make the day foggy.
Drizzle is very small drops no more than 0.5 mm, which seem to hang in the air, as they have a very low falling speed, drizzle also falls during fog. With drizzle, drops are not visible, and the air itself seems damp, wet.
Heavy rain, rain with thunder and hail
Storm clouds are formed when cold air meets warm air masses, as well as the cause of heavy rains is intense heat, moist soil warms up very much, and the moisture that evaporates from the earth's surface forms heavy clouds overloaded with water. Many of us have observed these evaporations, the damp earth seems to be smoking.
Heavy rains begin suddenly, and just as suddenly end. They usually do not last long, but can be very strong. 
Thunderstorm rains are always torrential, they also appear suddenly, accompanied by strong winds, thunder and lightning, they can fall on a certain part of the city, and do a lot of trouble.
These are uprooted and fallen trees, overturned billboards, broken wires, demolished roofs, flooded streets and entrances of houses, and other areas of the city were spared by the downpour, not a single drop of rain fell there.
Lightning accompanying thunderstorms, falling into residential buildings, causes fires, breaks trees, sometimes lightning hits animals and people.
Tropical showers continue for hours, and a huge mass of water pours onto the ground. Often heavy rains cause floods, rivers overflowing with water overflow their banks, water flows wash away dams and dams, flood settlements, destroy houses, roads, bridges, mudflows descend from the mountains, landslides occur. People often become victims of floods.
Rains with hail occur only in hot weather, when the air is filled with a lot of moisture. Hailstones are formed in cumulonimbus clouds, and when they reach large sizes and cannot stay in suspension, they fall to the ground in the form of hail. The hail has various sizes from a small pea to the size of a chicken egg.
Large hail can pierce the roofs of houses, break glass, and even kill animals and people. Yes, and small hail brings great damage to agriculture, destroys crops in vegetable gardens and fields, damages orchards.
Blind or mushroom rain
Blind rain or mushroom rain occurs in summer, during such rain the sun shines in the sky, and such rain is also called solar rain, after a sunny rain a rainbow necessarily appears.
To fall under such a rain, and even seeing a rainbow, is considered a good omen. Also, according to folk signs, mushrooms begin to grow after the rain - hence the name - mushroom rain. This is a warm and short rain.
Heavy or prolonged rains
Heavy rain can last from several hours to several days. During prolonged rains, the entire sky is covered with clouds, the sun does not peep through the clouds, the day becomes dark, gloomy. Long rains, especially in autumn, are accompanied by a decrease in air temperature. These are cold rains, tedious, annoying, turning all the colors of the world around into dull, gray colors.
freezing rain
Freezing rain occurs when the air near the earth's surface has more low temperature- (from 0 degrees to - minus 10 degrees) than in the upper atmosphere. Raindrops, falling into the cold air, are covered with an ice crust, inside the crust the water remains in a liquid state.
Falling to the ground, such ice balls break and the water, flowing out, instantly freezes. Getting on the branches of trees, on wires, on surrounding objects, freezing rain gives objects and trees a fabulous unusual view, each branch is covered with an ice crust, and sidewalks and roads turn into an ice rink.
This natural phenomenon looks beautiful, but dangerous, as wires break under the weight of ice, branches break, pedestrians are injured.
Acid and radioactive rain
acid rain are rains that contain acids and toxic substances released into the atmosphere from harmful industrial enterprises and automobile exhaust. industrial production pollutes the air with harmful gases that rise up and fall into the clouds, combining with water droplets - form acid. And acid rain falls on the earth, bringing only harm to all life on Earth. Acid rain destroys crops, destroys fish in reservoirs.
Radioactive rains carry an even greater danger - the radiation background rises, which leads to genetic mutations and diseases. internal organs, to oncology and damage to the skin. The reason for the occurrence of radioactive rain are accidents at nuclear power plants, at enterprises that use radioactive substances in the production and testing of nuclear weapons.
exotic rains
Exotic rains are unusual rains wonderful, mysterious. Rains, which, together with water, bring various objects to the surface of the earth: coins, grain, fruits, and even spiders, fish, jellyfish and frogs.
Sometimes raindrops are painted in different colors - blue, red. Why does it rain so much? Often on hot summer days, dust whirlwinds can be observed above the earth's surface. Rotating, this air column draws in various small debris - pieces of paper, wood chips, plastic bags, even plastic bottles and raises it all above the surface of the earth.
More powerful tornadoes are capable of lifting large, heavy objects into the air, and if such a tornado passes over the surface of reservoirs, then, together with water, it sucks in and lifts living creatures that live in water high into the air. The wind blowing in the upper layers of the atmosphere carries tornadoes and whirlwinds over long distances, and when the strength of the wind weakens, “gifts from heaven” fall to the ground along with rain, and sometimes without rain.
Why do colored rains come? The wind raises the pollen of plants high into the sky, and the pigment contained in the pollen paints the rain in different colors - blue, green, yellow. Also, a whirlwind can suck water from a swamp, in which there are large quantities of tiny microorganisms that give the water a brown, red color, or, passing over a desert, raise a lot of multi-colored dust into the air.
Star and meteor showers
Star rain is a starfall, or rather, these are meteoric bodies that fly into the atmosphere of our Earth and reach speeds of up to tens of kilometers per second, when rubbing against the air, they heat up and begin to glow, and then collapse. Such a phenomenon can be observed at a certain time, at night, it seems that the stars are falling. People often make wishes when they see shooting stars.
A meteor shower or rock shower is a rain that consists of many meteorites. When a large meteorite is destroyed, both large and small fragments fall to the ground. Large meteorites, hitting the surface of the Earth, explode and form meteorite craters. It is believed that about a thousand small meteorites fall on our planet every day.
Why bubbles form when it rains
Raindrops, falling into puddles, hit the water, splash out on top of the water surface, and the air that has fallen under the water film forms bubbles. Larger and more noticeable bubbles form when heavy rain with large drops or heavy rain.
There is such folk omen if large bubbles form on the puddles, then the rain will end soon. The sun will shine brightly and the sky will turn blue-blue.
After the director of one of the American radio stations got wet to the skin, falling under the autumn rain, the program "Weather Forecast" appeared on the air, which had not previously existed. The information turned out to be relevant, because it will never be superfluous to find out whether it is worth taking an umbrella today and whether you need to leave the house, since, for example, in Portugal, rain and wind are a good reason not to show up for work.
Rain is one of the types of precipitation that falls mainly from nimbostratus and altostratus clouds in the form of water droplets with a diameter of 0.5 to 7 mm. Rain usually comes from clouds mixed type containing supercooled droplets or ice crystals.
Raindrops fall when small spherical water particles coalesce into larger ones, or when they freeze to an ice crystal. Unlike the generally accepted opinion, they do not have the shape of a teardrop, since they are flattened on the underside due to the pressure of the oncoming air flow.
At first, these droplets are light enough that the air allows them to remain in the cloud. Since inside the cloud they are constantly moving and colliding with each other, merging and increasing in size, they begin to gradually sink down, continuing to increase. This process continues until the water particles gain the required mass, enabling them to overcome air resistance and shed raindrops on the ground.
If the water particles are in clouds, inside which the temperature is high enough not to turn into ice crystals, the droplets merge with each other constantly and extremely intensively. It does not rain as often from them as from clouds, inside which the temperature is below zero: in order to fall out of the cloud, ice crystals gain the necessary mass quite quickly.
If at this time there is a very high difference in temperature between the cloud and the earth's surface, then the frozen crystals melt before reaching the earth's surface - and raindrops fall on the ground (the largest drops are obtained when hail melts).
Interestingly, the larger the raindrops, the stronger the rain, but usually it passes rather quickly. The speed of such precipitation can be from 9 to 30 m/s (this is usually typical for summer or spring rain). But if the raindrops turn out to be small, then such precipitation can last for several days or even weeks - the water flies to the ground “slowly”, at a speed of 2 to 6.6 m / s, which is typical for autumn rains.
Precipitation intensity
One of the important indicators of the amount of precipitation in nature is the fixation of the intensity of rain - the volume of raindrops falling in a certain time.
Rainfall depth is usually measured in millimeters: one millimeter of water is equal to one kilogram of raindrops per square meter (precipitation rate typically ranges from 1.25 mm/h to 100 mm/h). Given the amount of precipitation that falls over a certain period of time, light, moderate and heavy rain are distinguished.
Heavy rainfall
At a speed of 2.5 mm/h, light rain falls regardless of the time of the year at positive temperatures in temperate and high latitudes from dark altostratus, stratonimbus and cumulonimbus clouds. Heavy precipitation lasts from several hours to several weeks and covers a vast territory. If precipitation of this type is prolonged, then they quite often harm nature: the humidity in the atmosphere increases greatly, and plants begin to rot due to oversaturation with moisture.
Drizzling precipitation
Moderate rains come at a speed of 2.5 to 8 mm/h in the form of small droplets from stratus and stratocumulus clouds. These precipitations do not last long, from several hours to two days, their amount is minimal, and therefore the rain does not have a negative impact on nature.
heavy rainfall
Heavy precipitation is heavy rain with wind, which often falls in temperate latitudes, usually in the warm season. Such heavy rain is characterized by a high rate of precipitation (more than 8 mm/h) and a short duration, no more than a few hours. The exception is May rain, which can last up to three days, as well as heavy rainfall that falls in tropical and equatorial latitudes. The rainy season here often lasts several months, and heavy rain pours almost non-stop with an intensity of 25-30 mm / min.
It should be noted that a thunderstorm often accompanies heavy rain, so in such weather it is better to take shelter in order to avoid accidents. Interestingly, the occurrence of a thunderstorm is directly related to the Sun - in the middle latitudes, such a natural phenomenon can be observed in the afternoon and very rarely before dawn.
In Europe, the heaviest rain fell on the territory of Germany in the twenties of the last century, when its rates were 15.5 mm / min. As for the heaviest precipitation on a planetary scale, on the lands of Guadeloupe, rain was recorded with an intensity of 38 mm / min.
Heavy rain is often accompanied by thunderstorms and heavy winds, which causes significant harm to both nature and humans. The consequences of such rain and wind are often landslides, floods, soil erosion. Such weather conditions can cause death of a person, as well as cause an ecological disaster. When it comes to heavy rain, it is not so much its duration that is important, but its intensity: the more drops fall, the more detrimental the consequences will be.
rainy season
Regions have been recorded on Earth where precipitation the largest number precipitation. This phenomenon is known as the "rainy season" and can be observed in tropical and subtropical latitudes. The closer to the equator the rainy season, the more prolonged precipitation, lasting from May to October. In tropical regions more distant from the equator, the rainy season consists of two periods and gives people a certain respite (the rainy belt does not stand still and gradually moves after the zenith of the Sun from the northern to the southern tropic and back).
Tropical summer rain usually starts suddenly, and raindrops, having formed one continuous stream, pour onto the ground in such a dense wall that little can be distinguished at a distance of one meter. As a result, precipitation of such intensity can, in a few hours, not only completely flood cities and villages, but also cause mudflows and floods.
Interestingly, for local residents the rainy season is a common occurrence, they have long been accustomed to such weather conditions and know how to act, for example, almost all houses in Thailand are built on stilts. That is why tourists are not recommended to visit equatorial and tropical countries during this period. Storms and hurricanes also occur quite often, only in the Philippines in one rainy season about thirty hurricanes and storms fly over the country.
Precipitation in temperate latitudes
The farther from the equator, the weaker the rainy season, and in temperate latitudes it completely disappears: precipitation here is evenly distributed throughout the year and their abundance depends not so much on the Sun, but on winds and mountain ranges. For example:
- Spring rain is typical for the whole territory of Europe and during the first two months the rains constantly alternate with the Sun. Showers often begin in the last days of spring;
- In Germany, warm rain can be observed throughout the summer. In Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, in the middle and of Eastern Europe one of the most rainy months August is considered
- Autumn cold rain is observed in Norway, France, Italy and the Balkans in October and November, when warm weather is gradually replaced by frost;
- Winter cold rain can be seen mainly in the south of Europe - in the Balkans, in the west and south of the Iberian Peninsula, but it is also not uncommon for northern territories, for example, often falls in Scotland and the Faroe Islands.
rain and nature
The role of precipitation in the life of nature can hardly be overestimated, since they both give life and take it away. Rain and wind, forming squalls, thunderstorms, hurricanes can destroy houses, break crops, nullify all human efforts and even deprive him of life or health. The consequences of heavy rainfall are often catastrophic.
Raindrops also give life: after rainfall, nature is renewed and revived. For example, mushroom rain is eagerly awaited by all mushroom pickers. This is a drizzling warm rain that falls from clouds that are low above the earth's surface during the growth of mushrooms. Interestingly, unlike other precipitation, mushroom rain is short-lived, raindrops wet the soil well, and all mushrooms in the soil begin to grow extremely well.
What is rain like?
We are all familiar with the reckless summer downpour, and the quiet autumn drizzle, and the unexpected warm blind rain. It rains at any time of the year and in almost all corners of our planet. What happens to rain? Let's figure it out.
Rain as a natural phenomenon
Rain is a type of precipitation that falls to the ground in the form of water droplets. Why does it rain? It falls from clouds that contain water droplets and ice crystals. At temperatures (in clouds) below 0 degrees, ice crystals grow, which become larger and heavier and fall out of the cloud. In this case, drops of water are frozen to the crystals.
Falling to the ground, the crystals begin to melt in warmer lower layers atmosphere, turning into rain.
Types of rain
Rains vary in size of water droplets, in intensity and duration. Depend on the season, atmospheric pressure, air temperature and many other circumstances. AT scientific classification Rains are divided into three types:
- rain shower,
- drizzling rain,
- torrential (hard) rain.
A rain shower consists of the largest and heaviest droplets. This kind of rain starts and ends abruptly. It is not long and is often accompanied by a thunderstorm, and sometimes hail.
A lingering rain is a rain of medium intensity, but the longest of all. It is the prolonged rains that can last for several days, and in tropical regions they go for months.
Drizzling rain sometimes does not even look like rain in the usual sense for us. It consists of very small drops, under which it is impossible to get wet, which do not even leave marks in the puddles.
In addition to these main types, the following rains are also known:
- Exotic. Rains in which animals, fish, plants, seeds and herbs (as well as other objects) raised by a hurricane fall from the sky along with drops of water.
- Colored rains (red, black, yellow) are formed due to the admixture of dust or pollen to water droplets.
- Freezing rain consists of drops in an icy shell. Breaking at the surface of the earth, such drops cover everything that they fall on with a crust of ice.
- Acid and radioactive rains contain impurities of harmful substances.
- Virga, or rain under the clouds. This is rain in which water droplets do not reach the surface of the earth.
Other Interesting Facts on this and other similar topics you will find in our section
Loading...
