Moving in a certain direction. On other planets it represents a mass of gases characteristic of their surface. On Earth, wind moves predominantly horizontally. Classification, as a rule, is carried out in accordance with the speed, scale, types of forces that cause them, and places of distribution. Various natural phenomena and weather are influenced by flows. Wind facilitates the transfer of dust, plant seeds, and facilitates the movement of flying animals. But how does directed air flow? Where does the wind blow from? What determines its duration and strength? And anyway, why do the winds blow? This and much more is discussed further in the article.
Classification
First of all, winds are characterized by strength, direction and duration. Gusts are considered to be strong and short-term movements (up to several seconds) of air currents. If it blows strong wind of average duration (about a minute), it is called a squall. Longer air currents are named according to their strength. So, for example, a light wind blowing on the coast is a breeze. There is also a typhoon. The duration of the winds can also be different. Some last a few minutes, for example. The breeze, depending on the temperature difference on the relief surface during the day, can last up to several hours. Local and general circulation The atmosphere is made up of trade winds and monsoons. Both of these types fall into the category of "global" winds. Monsoons are caused seasonal changes in temperature and last up to several months. Trade winds are constantly moving winds. They are caused by temperature differences at different latitudes.
How to explain to a child why the wind blows?
For children in early age this phenomenon is of particular interest. The child does not understand where the air flow is formed, which is why it is present in one place and not in another. It is enough to simply explain to your child that in winter, for example, a cold wind blows due to low temperatures. How does this process happen? It is known that the air flow is a mass of atmospheric gas molecules moving together in one direction. A small-volume air flow can whistle and rip off the hats of passers-by. But if the mass of gas molecules has a large volume and a width of several kilometers, then it can cover a fairly large distance. IN indoors There is practically no air movement. And you can even forget about its existence. But if you put your hand out of the window of a moving car, for example, you can feel the air flow, its strength and pressure with your skin. Where does the wind blow from? The flow movement occurs due to the pressure difference in different areas atmosphere. Let's look at this process in more detail.
Atmospheric pressure difference
So why does the wind blow? For children, it is better to use a dam as an example. On one side the height of the water column is, for example, three meters, and on the other - six meters. When the floodgates open, water will flow into the area where there is less water. Roughly the same thing happens with air flows. IN different parts The atmosphere pressure is different. This is due to the difference in temperature. In warm air, molecules move faster. Particles tend to fly away from each other in different directions. Due to this, warm air is more discharged and weighs less. As a result, the pressure that is created in it decreases. If the temperature is lowered, the molecules form closer clusters. Air, accordingly, weighs more. This increases the pressure. Similar to water, air has the ability to flow from one zone to another. Thus, the flow passes from the section with high blood pressure to the area with decreased That's why the winds blow.
Movement of streams near bodies of water
Why does the wind blow from the sea? Let's look at an example. On a sunny day, the rays warm both the shore and the pond. But the water heats up much more slowly. This is due to the fact that the surface warm layers immediately begin to mix with the deeper, and therefore cold, layers. But the coast is heating up much faster. And the air above it is more rarefied, and the pressure, accordingly, is lower. Atmospheric currents rush from the reservoir to the shore - to a freer area. There they, heating up, rise upward, again freeing up space. Instead, a cool stream appears again. This is how air circulates. On the beach, vacationers can periodically feel a light cool breeze.
Meaning of winds
Having figured out why the winds blow, we should talk about the impact they have on life on Earth. The wind has great importance for human civilization. Vortex flows inspired people to create mythological works, expanded trade and cultural range, and influenced historical phenomena. Winds also acted as energy suppliers for various mechanisms and units. Due to the movement of air currents, they were able to cover significant distances across oceans and seas, and balloons - across the sky. For modern aircraft, winds have a large practical significance- they allow you to save fuel and increase But it should be said that air currents can also cause harm to humans. For example, due to gradient wind fluctuations, control over the control of the aircraft may be lost. In small bodies of water, fast air currents and the waves they cause can destroy buildings. In many cases, winds contribute to the growth of fires. In general, phenomena associated with the formation of air flows different ways impact on living nature.
Global effects
In many areas of the planet they predominate air masses, having a certain direction of movement. In the region of the poles, as a rule, eastern ones predominate, and in temperate latitudes- westerly winds. At the same time, in the tropics, air flows again take an eastern direction. At the boundaries between these zones - the subtropical ridge and the polar front - there are so-called calm areas. There are virtually no prevailing winds in these areas. Here the air movement is mainly vertical. This explains the appearance of zones high humidity(near the polar front) and deserts (near the subtropical ridge).
Tropics
In this part of the planet, trade winds blow in a westerly direction, approaching the equator. Due to the constant movement of these air currents, the atmospheric masses on Earth are mixed. This can occur on a significant scale. So, for example, trade winds moving over Atlantic Ocean, carry dust from African desert areas to the West Indies and some areas North America.
Local effects of air mass formation
When figuring out why the winds blow, we should also talk about the influence of the presence of certain geographical objects. One of the local effects of the formation of air masses is the temperature difference between not too distant areas. It can be caused by different light absorption coefficients or different heat capacity of the surface. The latter effect is strongest between and land. The result is a breeze. Another local factor of importance is the presence of mountain systems.
Mountain influence
These systems may represent some kind of barrier to the movement of air flows. In addition, mountains themselves in many cases cause wind formation. The air above the hills warms up more than the atmospheric masses above the lowlands at the same altitude. This contributes to the formation of low pressure zones over mountain ranges and the formation of wind. This effect often provokes the appearance of mountain-valley atmospheric moving masses. Such winds prevail in areas with rough terrain.
An increase in friction near the valley surface leads to a deflection of the parallel-directed air flow to the height of nearby mountains. This contributes to the formation of a high-altitude jet current. The speed of this flow can exceed the strength of the surrounding wind by up to 45%. As mentioned above, mountains can act as an obstacle. When going around the circuit, the flow changes its direction and strength. Changes in mountain ranges have a significant impact on wind movement. For example, if there is a pass in the mountain range that the atmospheric mass overcomes, then the flow passes through it with a noticeable increase in speed. In this case, the Bernoulli effect works. It should be noted that even minor changes in height cause fluctuations. Due to a significant gradient in air speed, the flow becomes turbulent and continues to remain so even behind a mountain on a plain at a certain distance. Such effects are present in some cases special meaning. For example, they are important for aircraft taking off and landing at mountain airfields.
Most children at a certain period of their development become “why kids”. The flow of questions from them does not stop even during meals, and mothers and fathers, as well as grandparents, sometimes simply get lost and do not know how to answer this or that “Why?..”.
Some kids come up with different questions just on the fly, and for every answer that their parents prepared for them, they already have about five new questions on this or another topic. By the way, most often children ask their mothers and fathers all these “Why?..” at the most inopportune moment of time.
Explain to a child a difficult physical or biological process so that he understands, it can be very difficult. For example, this is how to answer a baby, or why does the wind blow all the time? If you start to get lost, coming up with various explanations, the child will very quickly “fall asleep” on you. big amount questions. Next we offer you short story for children, from which they can easily understand why the wind blows.
How to explain to a child why the wind blows?
Before you start your story, explain to your child, or even better, demonstrate this: if you heat it with your mother’s hairdryer balloon, then it will inflate even more and begin to rise upward. If after this you put it in the refrigerator or take it outside in winter, it will again decrease in size and go down.
Why is this happening? Yes, because air, when heated, becomes lighter, and when it cools, it becomes heavier. Next, it will be easier to explain to the baby that the wind is the same as air. And it blows because the air is from warm countries rises up, and the cold north wind immediately flies to take its place. Wind is the constant, never-ending movement of warm and cold air.
For a more accessible understanding, you can also draw an analogy with water. Every child has seen water flowing in a river at least once. And the wind is exactly the same rivers, only air ones, which constantly flow around the entire globe.
Head: Babushkina Vera Vladimirovna
Author: senior group Babushkin Maxim
MBDOU kindergarten No. 10 “Golden Key” Kstovo
Research work “Why does the wind blow?”
- Introduction
- General information
- Human use of wind
- Experiment
- Bibliography
1. Introduction.
While walking outside, I had a question: “Why does the wind blow?” Mom explained to me that wind is air that moves. Warm air rises because it is lighter than cold air, and cold air sinks. This movement of air forms wind. The sun warms the earth and the air heats up from the earth, but on the earth there are plants, houses, water - they are heated unequally, which means the air above them is of different temperatures. Air moves over fields, seas, forests, hot deserts all the time. The air swirls around the entire earth, the wind blows sometimes stronger, sometimes weaker. I wondered: “Why does the wind blow?” So I decided to answer this question.
Problem: why does the wind blow?
Object of study: wind.
Target: find out why the wind blows.
Tasks:
- select and study literature that talks about wind, what types of winds there are
- determine why the wind blows
- find out through experiment how the wind appears, what can strengthen and weaken the wind
Relevance:
The importance of wind in our lives is difficult to underestimate. In the absence of movement of air masses, water evaporating from water surfaces under the influence of the sun would still hang over the reservoirs in the form of clouds. Accordingly, the wind performs the most important role in the water cycle in nature, thereby supporting life on earth. Wind has also been used by man since ancient times to improve life.
Hypothesis: wind is air that moves.
Research methods:
- reading literature on this topic
- conducting experiments
- observation
- analysis of the results obtained
During my research, here's what I learned:
2.General information.
In the arsenal of weather vagaries, one of the main places is, of course, given to the wind. It can be warm and gentle, or it can blow with such force that the flow of air tears off the roofs of houses and carries away household utensils.
It brings rain with it, or vice versa, it disperses the clouds hanging over the city, returning blue sky and good weather. He obeys only his own desires, is unpredictable and can turn out to be both a friend and an enemy. But what is wind really, and how does it arise?
What is wind?
Wind is the movement of air mass from an area high pressure into a zone of low pressure. As a rule, these movements are directed horizontally.
Although there are ascending and descending air currents that form atmospheric pressure differences in different parts of the planet, they are not usually called winds. In addition to pressure differences, the speed and direction of winds are also influenced to some extent by ocean currents, the rotation of the Earth, terrain, and other factors.
How do winds appear?
During daylight hours The sun gives the surface of the Earth great amount thermal energy, heating the land and the thickness of the oceans. But this heating is extremely uneven and depends on many factors.
The most important of them is the distance to the Sun: the equatorial regions, due to the fact that the Earth’s axis of rotation is located vertically to its orbit, are slightly closer to the star, and they receive more energy than the poles.
Land warms up during the day better than water, but water retains thermal energy better.
All this leads to the fact that atmospheric air, which is heated primarily by the planet's surface, is warmer in some places than others. The heated air rushes upward, creating a rarefied space, and cooler air from the neighboring zone rushes in its place.
On the formation of winds big influence are influenced by local conditions. In certain parts of the planet, as a result of such influence, specific local winds. They, along with constant ones, participate in air circulation and largely form climatic conditions in certain areas of the planet. Sometimes the formation of local winds is influenced by temperature differences near the shores of reservoirs, in mountainous areas or on plains. Wind speed is measured using a wind meter (anemometer) or probes. Short-term winds lasting a few seconds are called gusts. Wind average duration called a squall. The name of continuous winds depends on their strength:
Tornado- an intense wind that is observed mainly over the land of North America, and is also formed as a result of the interaction of cold Arctic air masses with warm ones over Caribbean Sea. This wind repeats itself very often and is squally in nature.
Sukhovey– also wind, which is associated with atmospheric air pressure. It blows in desert and semi-desert areas, in steppe zones– for example, in the deserts of Kazakhstan. The dry wind blows monotonously for several days, and since the air temperature is high and the humidity in such an area is low, it dries out the soil very much and has a detrimental effect on vegetation.
Marshmallow- warm humid wind. It is common in the region Mediterranean Sea, but its character differs from in what part of this area it blows. In the eastern region, the zephyr often brings with it showers and is most intense in the summer, while in the western region it is a light, refreshing, pleasant wind.
Breeze – warm wind with less localization than, for example, the monsoon or trade wind. The breeze mainly blows at night from the shore to the sea, and during the day from the sea to the shore. The direction can change several times a day.
Bora- represents a sharp wind, characterized by coldness. Its localization is mountain ranges, from which it blows onto the valleys. The wind can reach quite high speeds (up to 9 points), but is of a fickle nature.
3.Use of wind by man.
To understand how the wind helps a person, it is enough to remember that the power of the wind has been used by man since ancient times. By inflating the sails of ships, the wind played a very important role in the study and development of our planet. To harness the power of the wind, people built windmills to grind the seeds of cereal plants, which were then used as food.
Currently, wind power is used through its intermediate conversion into mechanical energy to generate electricity. In remote areas where there are no power lines, wind turbines are used. For example, polar explorers use the power of the wind to obtain light and heat. Wind is also used in aviation. It is known that to create additional lift, airplanes always take off against the wind. Also, by using tailwinds, aviation saves significant amount fuel.
An important factor in surface erosion is wind. With its help, the rocks of the planet are transformed into sedimentary rocks. Wherever there is sand now, there used to be only mountains. Forming the surface of the planet, it was the wind that brought it to its modern form.
When noting how the wind affects a person, one should remember it main role in the transport of plant seeds over distances. Also, the role of wind as an assistant in fertilizing plants with pollen is enormous. Taking an active part in the life of plants, wind is the main factor in the life of the planet's flora, which is the main supplier of energy and building materials. It is difficult to underestimate the aesthetic importance of wind. It's nice to feel the light refreshing touch of the breeze on a hot summer day.
4.Experiment
I decided to test why the wind blows through an experiment.
- Hold a snake over the candle “How does the wind come about?”
- Where is it warmer?
- Ships
- Storm in a teacup
- Experience with a turntable
When I placed the snake over the candle, it began to spin. Why does it rotate? Because warm air goes up and lifts the snake.
I also decided to check where it is warmer above the battery, or under the battery. First I held my hand under the radiator, the air there was cool.
Then I held my hand over the radiator, the air there was warm. This means it is warmer at the top, because warm air always rises.
I blew on the boats and they sailed. They swam because they were pushed by the breeze that I exhaled.
I put a straw in a glass of water and blew into it, thus creating a storm in a glass of water.
The spinner spins because the wind from the hair dryer hits its blades. If you blow hard it spins quickly, if you blow quietly it spins slowly.
5.Conclusion
From literature I learned that wind is the movement of air. That warm air rises upward because it is lighter than cold air, and cold air sinks down. This movement of air forms wind. I was very interested to know what types of winds there are: tornado, breeze, bora, dry wind, zephyr. I also learned why a person needs wind: winds carry the seeds of many plants; They help mills work and sailing ships sail. I also learned about devices that measure the strength and direction of wind - anemometers.
After conducting experiments, I found out that:
- Warm air rises to the top, cold air sinks to the bottom
- The wind pushes the ships
- There may be strong and weak winds
Thus, the problem that interested me is solved. The goal I set for myself has been fulfilled.
Wind- this is a flow of air that moves at a certain speed parallel to the surface of our planet.
Direction of the wind in geography it is determined based on the direction of the world from which it blows.
So there is 4 main directions wind:
1) if the wind blows from the North, then it is the North wind;
2) if the wind blows from the South, then this South wind;
3) if the wind blows from the West, then it is the Western wind;
4) if the wind blows from the East, then it is the East wind.
Also distinguished intermediate directions, for example North-West wind or South-West wind.
The simplest device that allows you to measure wind speed is called vane. This is a special flag made of metal and fixed on a vertical axis. He turns in the direction the wind is blowing.
In the geography textbook it is written about determining the winds in this way:
The wind blowing from south to north is the south wind. Likewise, if from north to south, then it is a north wind. The same goes for Western and Eastern.
To remember where the wind blows from, there is a mnemonic rule. If you are on the ground at a certain point, which can be represented as the center of a circle. Then you can draw a circle around this point. Then we can assume that the wind blows into the center of the circle.
That is, any wind that blows on you is named after the point on the circle from which it blows on you.
The old nautical saying - The wind blows into the compass, the current out of the compass - means that the wind blowing from the south is called south, and the current towards the south is also called south.
If the wind blows from the south, it is a south wind; if it blows from the north, it is a north wind. If the wind blows from the west it means the west wind, if it blows from the east it means the east wind. In general, as the wind is called, it means it blows from there.
What kind of wind is blowing (south, north, west, east or any other intermediate) is usually determined by WHERE the wind is blowing FROM. That is, if the wind blows from the south, then it is southern, and if from the southwest, it means southwest, etc.
In our area, for example, the north wind always brings cold weather, the west wind always brings wet and rainy weather, southern - warm, sometimes raining, eastern - more often dry (frosty in winter) weather.
Firstly, it is worth noting the fact that wind is a flow of air moving at a specific speed in a time period. So, if we talk about the south wind, this means that the wind blows from the south. If we talk about the north wind, the wind blows from the north. If we talk about the western wind, it blows from the west. If about the east, it blows from the east.
To see where the wind is blowing, use a weather vane, and also use a wind rose.
There are four main wind directions:
1 - South wind - blows from south to north;
2 - North wind - blows from north to south;
3 - West wind - blows from west to east;
4 - East wind - blows from east to west.
I have heard people call the north wind south and vice versa only because they did not know the rule for forming the names of winds. The wind gets its name from the direction from which it blows, and not from the direction in which it blows. That is, the southern wind blows from the south and therefore often turns out to be warm, the northern wind is cold, because it blows from the shores of the northern Arctic Ocean. Very often the name of the wind consists of two words, since it may not blow exactly from the south or north, but from an intermediate direction. For example, in my region the prevailing winds are southwestern, but the wind almost never blows from the east.
Wind is the movement of air masses. Warm on top, cold on bottom. Everything is as it should be according to the laws of physics.
If air currents rush from the north - the wind is north, if from the south - south.
Knowing the cardinal directions in the area where you live means being able to predict the weather.
The north wind brings cooling, the south thaw, and the east and west bring moderate temperatures.
If you know where the bad weather is coming from and watch the wind, you can understand whether there will be precipitation or whether everything will pass by.
The wind gets its name from the direction of the world from which it blows.
Those. if the wind blows from the south side, then its name accordingly is Southern, if from the southeast, then it is called Southeast, and so on.
To avoid confusion, stand facing the wind and look at the compass; the side farthest from you will correspond to the name of the wind.
I have always been interested in various natural elements. One of the most interesting and amazing natural phenomena for me is the wind. How nice a light, refreshing breeze is on a hot summer day, but how it spoils the weather on a chilly and rainy autumn. :(
What is wind
Wind is the movement of air masses in a horizontal direction.
But for me, the wind is a flow of air that refreshes the body in the summer heat, it is the feeling of a light caressing touch of the sea breeze, it is hair fluttering through the air, the rustling of leaves on the trees.
Where does the wind come from?
Previously, people thought that the winds were powerful creatures that had great power. According to legends, the winds blew for a reason. Reason strong winds, hurricanes, storms were considered the wrath of these creatures.
Now, our thinking has changed somewhat. Most of us no longer believe in the existence of spirits. Therefore, I will explain from a scientific point of view how wind is formed. This phenomenon occurs due to differences in atmospheric pressure. Areas with different pressures have different temperatures and density. Cold air is dense, it weighs more than warm air and the pressure in it is higher, so it tends to move into an area with warm, rarefied air. As a result of these processes, wind arises.
For me the wind is unique phenomenon. You can tell a lot of interesting facts about him. Here are just a few of them:
- The wind can blow in a vertical direction, but at the same time significantly loses speed.
- The most terrible winds blow in Antarctica. Their power lies in enormous speed(just imagine, it reaches approximately 60 km per hour!), combined with exceptional low temperatures. I definitely wouldn’t be able to live in such conditions.
- Wind with the highest speed - tornado. This natural phenomenon usually lasts only a few minutes and, for unexplained reasons, always occurs in the afternoon. What's surprising is that every tornado is unique. It has its own exclusive look, shade, sound and even smell!
- The most high speed wind fixed on the planet Neptune.
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How many associations does such an element as wind evoke in me? This is freedom of action, and the endless feeling that you don’t need to do anything, and power, since this element can be destructive, and much more. As for me, every person can associate himself with the wind, since every person loves freedom, and this element has no boundaries, no obligations and cannot be tamed.
Why does the wind blow on the planet?
Wind is the movement of air. The Sun makes it move, not directly, but indirectly. Sun rays heat the Earth, and the resulting heat heats the air, causing it to rise upward. It cools at the top and goes back down. Also, another reason for air movement is the rotation of the Earth around its axis. Thanks to this feature of our planet, winds are formed in the Northern Hemisphere that move to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere - to the left.
You can check how heat affects the air without leaving your apartment. To do this, you need to go to the door where the balcony is located and take with you 2 candles, or napkins or cotton wool. Place these objects at the bottom and top of the opening and see where they deviate. If you take candles, you need to light them and also place them. You can already check by the fire, where it leans, that’s where the wind will blow. At the top of the opening, the air will be warm and will flow out, and at the bottom there will be cold air that will move inward.
Wind is an element whose occurrence can be predicted, but sometimes it can be unpredictable. It is one of the factors that determine the weather on soon.
Here are some Interesting Facts wind related:
- Port Martin is considered the most windy place on the ground. There average speed The wind is 20 meters per second.
- The fastest winds in solar system blow on Neptune. Their speed can exceed 2000 km/h.
- Vertical winds occur in nature. This is not a long lasting phenomenon as they quickly lose their speed.
- In 1999, Oklahoma recorded the highest strong wind, which reached a speed of 512 km per hour.
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One of the first pieces of knowledge I acquired as a child was precisely why the wind blows. I asked my mother this question when we were walking down the street, and the elements were almost raging around us. When I got older, I myself learned in detail about this phenomenon.
Cause the wind blows
Before you start talking about why the wind blows, you need to understand what it is. this phenomenon. In essence, wind is a stream of horizontally moving air. It's that simple.
The occurrence of wind is caused by the fact that Atmosphere pressure distributed unevenly over the Earth's surface. This difference, in turn, is largely due to differences in air temperature in different areas.
The wind blows from an area where the pressure is high to a direction where the pressure is low. To better understand this principle, you can imagine an ordinary balloon. When it is inflated, it is subject to the compressive forces of the rubber walls. Therefore, if the ball is untied, almost all the air will quickly leave it, creating a short-term weak gust. For reference, here are some examples of types of winds:
- trade winds and monsoons - tropical;
- westerly winds ( temperate zone);
- easterly winds(polar belt).
You can easily find detailed information on this topic yourself.
Why do hurricanes occur?
In everyday life, any strong wind is called a hurricane. But the real phenomenon may originate in the Atlantic or in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean. A hurricane is a cyclone formed in tropical zone.
This phenomenon occurs when a certain area of the ocean warms up to 26 degrees or more. This causes very warm and moist air to rise upward, where it condenses, thereby causing other air masses to rise. In the process, it all spins with enormous force, which causes a strong wind. At the same time, hurricanes are considered to be phenomena when air moves at a speed of 130 kilometers per hour or more. Both normal and hurricane winds are of the same nature. But the latter bring with them great destruction.
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One day I became interested in how to explain such a phenomenon as “gusts of wind”. After a little searching on the Internet, I came across a lot of information about Ancient Greece, where everything happened “thanks to the power of the Gods and their desires.” However, modern scientists have provided many more answers than the mythology of the Greeks.
What moves air flow
If we take away the many descendants and minor demigods, then we can note only a few main characters of mythology. In Ancient Greece there were 4 main gods of the winds:
- Boreas - North wind.
- Notus - South wind.
- Evus - East wind.
- Zephyr - West wind.
Mythology is silent about Notus and Evus, while whole legends and twisted myths were composed about Boreas and Zephyr, which told about their exploits, love affairs, battles, greatness and strength. With their power they described storms, gusts of wind, and bad weather.
Boreas was most revered, for several reasons:
- The north wind destroyed the Persian fleet that attacked Greece.
- Boreas's wife was Orithia.
- He had the ability to crush enemies with the power of wind.
For his power, sanctuaries were erected in his honor in Athens, he helped the Greeks in future battles and the fertility of mares. Entire epics were written about the power of Boreas’s wings, which told how he swept away enemy regiments with just one flap.
The Greeks associated gusts of wind with the wrath of the gods if they caused destructive damage to merchant ships or buildings. In such cases, they made sacrifices to the gods in order to appease them, and hoped that the bad weather would stop.
How the Wind Blows - Modern Version
After reading science articles, was able to find an explanation in more or less understandable language. The sun's rays pass through our atmosphere, warming up all its layers. And, as you know, when the temperature increases, the air expands, but since the light passes unevenly, all areas acquire different temperatures, respectively, different pressure. Places where the pressure begins to drop can be said to “push out” less dense areas, allowing the air to gain speed.
This is roughly how we get that pleasant summer breeze that pleases us on hot days. Of course, it’s not particularly pleasing at -20 in winter, when the nose is already at the limit of freezing...
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For as long as I can remember, I have always disliked the wind. I don’t surf; I don’t plan to travel on sailing ships. Personally, the wind can be useful to me only in the heat, when it brings a little relief and a breath of air. But more often than not, the wind spoils my mood and hairstyle, persistently drives cold rain under the umbrella, or even turns the umbrella inside out, and most importantly, makes me indignant and exclaims “yes.” where does it even come from, this wind??. Since I walk to work every day, the last question arises more and more often, so I had to dredge up my knowledge from geography lessons from the depths of my memory.
What is wind and why does it appear?
Wind - it's fast,impetuous(that’s exactly how we feel the wind on us, in gusts) air movement. Air moves from a place where there is more of it to where there is less of it. Cold areas have more air per unit area. Heated air has less density and therefore does not have much impact pressure.
Example: why the wind almost always blows near bodies of water
Since childhood, I remember that our parents never allowed us to go swimming on the first hot day in June. They said: “The water hasn’t warmed up yet.” Really, water heats up slower than air. So, between water and air, until it stands for several days hot weather, a favorable situation arises space, where the wind can blow up - from the colder surface of the water ( high pressure areas) to warm land ( region low pressure ).
There are regular winds (depending on latitude, they are in a western or eastern direction), and there are those that are formed taking into account local characteristics. The wind could have been even stronger (I'm afraid to imagine it) if it had moved unhindered. But there are obstacles on the surface of the Earth that interfere with the rapid flight of air:
- mountains;
- hills;
- forests;
- built by man buildings.
Therefore, in a city, between houses you can hide from the wind, but in a field there is nowhere to hide. The wind is capable of demolishing trees and roofs of buildings in its path, and a person is defenseless in front of it.
The only thing I value about wind is that it is a renewable energy resource, which, moreover, humanity has already learned to use.
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Traditionally, in the summer, my family and I go to the lakes of Khakassia to relax from the noisy city. Tents, fire, fish soup, mountains, sunset and... wind. Like this peculiarity in the form of wind is inherent in Khakassia, there is almost constant wind there, although I see a very big plus in this - the absence of blood-sucking insects. But why the wind blows is worth understanding.
What is the wind?
The wind itself is a movingairflow. Winds vary in strength, direction and duration. Wind is a unique phenomenon. There is a holiday in his honor - wind day, and it is celebrated on June 15th. The purpose of creating such a holiday is to attract attention society to wind energy potential. After all, according to experts in this field, wind energy helps solve not only energy problems, but also economic and environmental ones.
Why is it windy?
More Halley explained occurrence of wind By the way, this was more than 300 years ago. His idea was as follows: when the temperature changes, it comes into effect archimedes power,there is a rise warm air and lowering the cold.
The scientific point of view confirms Halley’s thoughts; modern scientists formulate the reason for the occurrence of wind as follows: uneven heating of the earth's surface.
The most curious thing about the wind
You can observe the wind absolutely different corners Earth. I will reveal the most interesting facts about the wind.
In addition to the many scientific varieties of wind, there is also a classification given by humanity.
- The wind is a doctor. This is what people call the cool, summer sea breeze.
- watermelon wind. It is present on the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea, during the ripening period of melons.
- Indian wind. The gentle Kamchatka wind helps women dry their clothes quickly.
Why does wind occur in the mountains?
So it’s time to explain the cause of the wind in mountainous area Republic of Khakassia. Mountains can act as wind-forming factor, so be it obstacle for him. At high altitudes in the mountains, air warms up faster than in the lowlands, and this creates low pressure zone, which leads to wind formation. Here it is interesting phenomenon represents the wind. And I’ll tell my children about it around the campfire on my next trip to the lakes.
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Just a week ago the weather in my city changed dramatically. An anticyclone came to us from Asia, which brought “hellish heat”. In this weather, only light can save you breeze. He always brings freshness and coolness. My little daughter does not tolerate heat well, so she is forced to sit out the hottest sun in the apartment. During another evening walk, she asked me a completely unchildish question. She was interested in why the wind blows on Earth. To be honest, I was immediately confused, because I didn’t know how to correctly and easily present information about this natural phenomenon.
How to explain to a child why the wind blows
I'll tell you from personal experience, that for children at an early age quite often this phenomenon is of particular interest. The child cannot understand why the wind blows in one place and not in another. The main thing is to say that x cold wind is formed due to low air temperature.
So that my daughter would understand everything, I showed her clear example. She took a partially inflated balloon and started blowing it with a hairdryer. The ball is noticeable increased its volume and rose upward. So I made it clear that heated the air is light , he always rises. After that, I took the same balloon and put it in the refrigerator. She began to tell her daughter that the Earth is huge, so one place can be cold, and on the opposite side will be hot at the same time. I took the ball out of the refrigerator and we saw that it reduced its volume.
Thanks to this experiment, my child realized that cold air always tends to occupy the territory of warm air. This is how the wind arises.
- This air flow between warm and cold territory on the ground.
Prevailing winds
In certain areas of our planet, different wind flows are formed. The prevailing winds on Earth are:
The main significance of all these winds is that they bring coolness and precipitation
My father, when he was young, loved to fly hang gliders, and at some point in his life, he even made some parts for small airplanes. Such people are romantics and dreamers in life. Approach any pilot (amateur or professional) - they will start such conversations about life). I myself had the opportunity to fly on a maize truck and a motorized hang glider. This is an incredible feeling, all the emotions cannot be described. I highly recommend it.
Trike The dominance of wind on the planet
In most places Earth air masses predominate and have a certain direction. Usually, at the poles easterly winds meet moderate climate - western, and in tropical The wind is again blowing in an easterly direction. Calm places, where the winds hardly prevail, are found in polar region And subtropical zone . Here the air moves mainly vertically, what is the reason high level humidity.
The role of wind in people's lives
Wind plays a huge role in people's lives, influencing:
- transport design;
- energy production;
- recreation and sports;
- increased destruction.
The first point includes the use of wind to propel vessels with sails or non-motorized ones. aircraft(for example, a hang glider). As a source energy wind was used for the first time Sinhalese() to light the stoves. Another example is the use of windmills for machining and for energy production. The first mention of the mill is attributed to Heron, who lived in 1st century AD. Currently gaining momentum wind power(wind power plants).
Wind power plants In sports and recreation used for hang gliding, paragliding, hot-air balloon And so on. If speak about destructive wind, it can both destroy a poorly constructed bridge with sudden gusts and damage power lines. Also, wind can intensify the fire. Wind speed from 12 m/s capable of knocking down large tree. Wind speed 35 m/s can damage buildings, strip paint from cars, or break windows. And, here, in front of the wind at speed 90 m/s Not a single building in the world can stand anymore.
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