Right holder illustration ThinkStock. Image Caption. According to experts, Russia fulfills international commitments to combat corruption, but to the real struggle is still far
The international movement of Transparency International published the "Corruption Corruption" index (ILC) - its main annual study, in which the countries of the world are ranked on the basis of assessments of corruption in the public sector by experts and entrepreneurs.
The lower the country in the index, the higher it has the level of corruption perception.
According to the results of 2016, Russia ranked in the 131st place out of 176 in the index, dividing it with Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Iran and Nepal.
Compared to the 2015 index, the position of Russia actually did not change: it received the same number of points (29 out of 100), and the decline in position in the ranking (from 119th to the 131st place) is due to the fact that this year it is in it Considered large quantity countries celebrate in Transparency International.
Last year, Russia's neighbors in the index.
First place in IVK-2016 divided Denmark and New Zealand (90 points), the second occupied Finland (89 points), the third - Sweden (88 points).
United Kingdom, Germany and Luxembourg took 10th place in the index (81 points), USA - 18th place (74 points), China, Brazil, Belarus and India - 79th place (40 points).
Shooting in drodes
Most important external factorIntroduced to the situation in the 2016 IVK-2016 and other countries, in Transparency International, consider the leakage of documents of Mossack Fonseca ("Panaman archives"). In publications on this topic, the offshore people from the environment of high-ranking Russian officials appeared.
received Belarus in IVK-2016 compared with last year
As a result, it is located in the index above Argentina, Mexico and Thailand - in 79th place
Transparency International
occupies Estonia in ILK-2016
1st place among post-Soviet countries
Transparency International
According to general Director "Transparency International - Russia" Anton Pominova, in 2016 in Russia "of the previously existing trend towards the clarification of anti-corruption legislation was supplemented by an unrestrained hunt for individual corrupt officials and equivalent to them."
TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL Vice President Elena Panfilova believes that the hunt for corrupt officials in Russia is only similar to this: "In fact, satisfied visitors shoot in a dash from a pre-harvested gun in the dodes that the owner carefully put on the shelves."
The Russian authorities, on the contrary, believe that the country has a systemic struggle against corruption. In January 2017, the Prosecutor General's Office reported that in the 11 months of last year, 28.4 thousand crimes of corruption, including 5.5 thousand facts of receiving bribes and 4.6 thousand cases of bribes, were revealed in Russia.
According to the results of the study, TRANSPARENCY International formulated recommendations for Russia, which, among other things, is advised to ensure the election of chairmen of courts, adopt lobbying laws and the protection of applicants about corruption, oblige law enforcement agencies respond to civil and journalistic investigations.
"The real anti-corruption and the subsequent development of the country are possible only when the institutions are beginning to be strengthened, the most important of which are transparent, honest elections for monitoring politicians from the head of the village council to the president, as well as independent of any of the branches of the authorities, clothed citizens and business trust And efficiently, and not for sticks working system of the rule of law, "Anton Pominov sums up.
Transparency International produces a "corruption perception index" annually since 1995.
The index is calculated on the basis of data over the past two years (2015-2016) collected by the World Bank, Freedom House, the International Institute for Management Development and Nine Independent Organizations.
Corruption these days turned into one of global problems. It is fighting with it in both separate areas and in the scale of all national statesas well as on international Level. It includes whole line actions aimed at abuse of their official authority for mercenary purposes. The forms of corruption in the countries of the world include bribery, extortion, coumenchery, non-mercy, commercial bribery, receiving rollers, assigning someone else's property or money. Actions that are considered illegal depend on which norms are contained in national legislation. Therefore, the estimated level of corruption in the countries of the world is not always objective.
Fighting internationally
Among organizations that are engaged in the problem of corruption are:
- Global witness. This organization was founded in 1993 in London to combat human rights violations by countries that exploit natural resources.
- Group of states against corruption. She is engaged in implementing instruments adopted by countries in order to combat political corruption. This body was created by the Council of Europe in 1999 and includes 49 states to date.
- International Anti-Corruption Academy.
- Transparenci International. This is a non-governmental international organization that is engaged in combating political corruption and studying its level in different countries World. It has been functioning since 1993. Yearly this organization Publishes a list of countries in terms of corruption.
Indicators
The statistical assessment of corruption is complex, if at all possible, the task due to the extremely inaccurate content of this concept. The first indicators appeared in 1995. However, each of them focused on a separate aspect of this multifaceted phenomenon. The first organization, which began to assess the level of corruption in the countries of the world has become "Transparenci International". To date, she publishes three indicators. However, the most famous perception of corruption remains. Own assessment of the situation in the countries of the world gives a global bank. It publishes employee surveys of more than 100 thousand firms and a set of indicators of public administration and the quality of institutions.
In Germany
Barometer of world corruption (sociological survey conducted by Transparenci International) showed in 2013 that political parties are the most bribery organizations. This is a negative phenomenon and on the household level. About 11% of respondents said that they demanded a bribe and only a few of them had the courage to refuse to "senders." The most problematic factors for doing business in Germany under the report on global competitiveness are the tax sphere and restrictive norms. labor legislation. However, faith into ethical standards of politicians is high enough, so corruption statistics in state sphere Shows that here it is not enough.
In France
In 2011, Transparenssi International in his country's report said that the country does not do everything in its forces to overcome bribery. Corruption's perception index in 2015 amounted to 70 points. France took the 23rd place in the world ranking. The state ratified several important anti-corruption documents, including the OECD and UN Convention. The problem of bribery is not sharp in France. National companies usually have a good reputation as corporate social responsibility.
In China
Corruption in the country has become the subject of attention of the press after secretary General communist Party Si Jinping announced a campaign against bribery in 2012. In 2015, China ranked 83rd in the overall ranking of countries. Experts believe that bribery, kickbacks, theft and conversion of state funds is worth a state, at least 3% of GDP.
In Canada
The level of corruption in the countries of the world shows that the situation in this state is the least dangerous. In Rating, Canada is located in the 9th place. However, an increasing number of residents see their politicians and national institutions as fundamentally corruption. But none of the Canadian officials were mentioned in Panaman documents.
In Somalia
The level of corruption in the countries of the world is negligible compared to this country. She completes the rating of Transparenci International. Bribery and raidness here is ubiquitous practice. So it happened historically. During cold War The country was a field for fighting two political ideologies. To date, there is no official government in the state, individual clans right in the territories. IN coastal areas Wire pirates. This is also one of the poorest countries of the world. It does not produce almost nothing, even vegetables and fruits will be taken from neighboring Ethiopia. Crime is flourishing in the country, and corruption is not just ordinary practice, but part of the life of all people. Many experts believe that it is the historical condition of this negative phenomenon that leads to the fact that all attempts to combat it do not bring any result.
Corruption in Russia
The cottage and receipt of bribes in various fields is considered a significant problem in the Russian Federation. It affects all aspects of life. Most of all corruption is distributed in such areas as public administration, law enforcement agencies, health and education. Corruption in Russia is associated with the historical model of the development of the state, in which the norms of writing law play a smaller role than informal customs. In 2015, the Russian Federation occupied 119th place in the corruption perception index. This situation affects the well-being of the population. Some experts believe that the rapid growth of tariffs for gas, water and electricity is a direct consequence of the widespread spread of bribery and raidness. The anti-corruption campaign in Russia began immediately after independence in 1992. Decree of President Yeltsin prohibited officials to engage in business and obliging them to publish information about their income, personal property, bank deposit and securities, as well as financial liabilities.
Corruption in Ukraine
Bribery is considered as one of the main problems. Corruption in Ukraine is distributed in all areas. Transparenci International puts the country to the 130th place in the ranking. Bribes are given in order to be provided by law public services Or to reduce their waiting time. The largest level of corruption is observed in the automotive inspection, police, health care, judicial system and higher education. The struggle against bribery is a key aspect for further receipt of international loans.
Russia occupied the 135th place out of 180 in the Transparency International Corruption Corruption Index, sharing this line with Paraguay and Kyrgyzstan. Loud courts over officials did not affect the opinion of experts on corruption in the country
Leaders and outsiders
Russia in 2017 scored 29 points out of 100 potential in the Corruption Perception Index), which is internationally international anti-corruption organization TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL (TI).
The same number of points scored Dominican Republic, Honduras, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Mexico, Papua - New Guinea And Paraguay, testified by the audited organization. The listed countries share the 135th line from 180 in the rating of the least corrupt states, which was TRANSPARENCY.
In the Transparency release it is noted that for the third year in a row, Russia is gaining 29 points in the index, at the same time worsened the position of the country in the ranking: according to the results of 2015, she held the 119th line, and at the end of 2016 - the 131st. This is due to the include in the index of new states, as well as with change in other countries, explained to Transparency. For example, the states held at the end of 2016 the same place in the ranking as Russia, a year after a year (on one or two points) improved their results; This is Iran, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Nepal.
Leaders and Outsiders Index The last few years remain unchanged: New Zealand (89 points), Denmark (88 points), Finland, Norway and Switzerland (85 points) are held. Close the Somalia rating (9 points) and South Sudan (12 points).
"Those countries that have scored less average - we have 43 points, which states where there are no institutions themselves who can guarantee security from corruption," RBC said the director of the Russian branch of Transparency Anton Pominic.
According to the rating methodology, zero value The index corresponds to the highest possible level of corruption, a hundred is minimal. Transparency makes up its index using regularly published studies of a number of international organizations - World Bank, Freedom House, BERTELSMANN Foundation and others. Each of these studies analyzes separate aspect: Investment risks, freedom of speech, living standard, complexity of business, but they all affect corruption anyway. "We are delayed from there issues related to our topic, bring them all to a rollerous scale and consider the values \u200b\u200bfor each country for existing sources for each country," said Rasynov.
Arrests did not help
The perception of corruption in Russia has not changed the loud corruption in the late 2017 - early 2018 trials Over the officials: former minister economic Development And the ex-governors and, emphasized in the Ti release. Severe verdicts, according to the experts of the organization, "did not make a sufficient impression on respondents to recognize any movements in opposition to corruption."
Raspinov believes that to improve the position of Russia in the ranking, there is not enough systemic approach to the fight against corruption, and leads as an example, many Western companies who fell on to bribe the Russian officials: Siemens, Daimler, Hewlett Packard, Pfizer. "When, instead of reforms aimed at the independence of the judicial system and parliament, we grab someone from officials for sight or in order to confuse with him for something, it does not impress any citizens or foreign investors," the director of the Russian TRANSPARENSY branches.
"We must share inept attempts to make a fight against corruption in several loud deeds And the real perception of corruption, "Alexander Huriji agrees to the public authorized to protect the rights of entrepreneurs. - Entrepreneurs and citizens do not see improvements, with the exception of lower corruption reduction due to the widespread launch of the MFC country. "
In his opinion, representatives of global corporations can pay attention to such ratings. At the same time, Juggi indicates that most entrepreneurs are skeptical. "The business will never honestly decipher the bribe, and the subjective factor of perception is seriously affected by the compilation of such ratings," he argues.
The Parliamentary system of Canada has three main branches of power: Monarch, Senate and the House of Commons. Currently, the monarch in Canada is british Queen Elizabeth II. One of the least corrupt countries, Canada makes her open and democratic parliamentary system. In addition, the country is also known for its high quality Life, education system and transparency of government decisions. Laws here are implemented by bodies executive powerIn which the Queen includes, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers. The legislative branch is represented by the Queen, Senate and the Chamber of Communities. Laws adopted by the executive and legislative power are interpreted Supreme Court Canada.
9. Luxembourg, CPI 82
Luxembourg is the richest and most of the smallest countries in European Union. This is the only remaining sovereign principal in the world. Low level of corruption is another an interesting feature Luxembourg. This country has a single parliamentary system with a constitutional monarchy. The Government of Luxembourg is configured to implement anti-corruption laws. Administration in the judicial system is also very transparent.
8. Netherlands, CPI 83
The Netherlands is a constitutional monarchy with a unitary parliamentary system. The current head of state is the King Willem-Alexander - is responsible for the appointment of mayors and members of the government. The head of this government is the Prime Minister. In order for the level of corruption in the country as low as possible, the Dutch government adheres to the transparent judicial system and conducts effective programs To combat bribery.
7. Singapore, CPI 84
Singapore is the fifth of the least corrupt country in the world. It has one with a Westminster parliamentary system. There is a special agency called CPIB in the country (Bureau of Investigating Corruption Cases), which studies cases of corruption and takes measures to combat it. The powerful judicial system of Singapore is known worldwide with its legitimacy and impartiality.
6. Switzerland, CPI 86
Switzerland is a neutral confederative republic, where the population has the right to influence the activities of the government through referendums. Such direct democracy makes the Government of Switzerland by one of the most stable democratic systems in the world. The country also has a solid legal database and effective laws to combat corruption. This helps the government to maintain the cleanliness of the system within the public sector.
5. Norway, CPI 86
Norway is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The head of state is the monarch, and the government has been working under the guidance of the Prime Minister. The judicial system of Norway does not depend on the executive and legislative branches of power. The country also has strict and effective legislation to combat corruption. It helps maintain high standards in the Norway's public sector.
4. Sweden, CPI 87
Sweden is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. This country is known worldwide with its high quality of life, equality, development, education and health care. State system Sweden is also distinguished by transparency and stability. The state bodies of Sweden consider corruption as "abuse of power". In addition, there is an effective anti-corruption unit that deals with investigations and stops it.
3. Finland, CPI 89
Finland is the Parliamentary Republic, the head of the government of which is the Prime Minister. Political leaders Finland is focused on combating corruption. The government of the country has a transparent mechanism, and an independent judicial system and a strong legal framework reduce the likelihood of occurrence. various shapes Corruption.
2. New Zealand, CPI 91
New Zealand is the second least corrupt country in the world. It has a parliamentary system with a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is considered to be the Queen of Elizabeth II, and his government follows a Westminster model. The judicial system of New Zealand is completely independent of the executive and legislative power, which guarantees its impartiality.
1. Denmark, CPI 92
Denmark is the least corrupt country in the world, so here it is almost impossible to meet any of the forms of corruption (in business, administrative, etc.). The country has a single parliamentary system with a constitutional monarchy. Transparent mechanism, integrity, an independent judicial system, civil activity and social trust are the main factors that make Denmark the most prosperous country in the world. The Danish Criminal Code prohibits the forms of bribery in the country. In addition to K. low level Corruption, Denmark also has a high standard of living, social mobility, literacy and equality.
Corruption is caused by many factors, the main of which is the corrupt government. It robs the richness of the country and uses its resources to gain benefits for themselves. Also in corruption to blame dishonest officials, bad economic conditions, political instability and great amount other reasons.
Life in one of the most corrupt countries of the world is very heavy due to the low standard of living, high level of unemployment and economic stagnation. On the other hand, the least corrupt countries of the world have a strong economy and provide an ideal environment for investing money, which leads to a high level of life of the population.
Here is what the top 10 most non-corpoled countries of 2018, according to the study international Organization Transparency International, which evaluates countries by corruption levels in the public sector.
Estimates of countries range from 0 to 100 points. "0" refers to the most corrupt country, and "100" refers to the country with the lowest level of corruption.
The country of tulips and windmills opens the rating of states with the lowest level of corruption.
The Netherlands possess an independent judicial system. And because of this, in the country a minimum of cases of corruption at any level of power. If you add confidence, social tolerance and effective measures to combat corruption to this culture, it becomes clear why the Netherlands is one of the least "sales" countries.
For each resident of the Netherlands there are 51,885 GDP dollars (based on purchasing power parity - PPS).
9. Luxembourg - 82 points
This is the second country in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) per capita - 103,388 dollars. Although in Luxembourg there is a relatively low level of corruption, there is a serious distrust between citizens and political parties. Almost 53% of Luxembourg residents consider their politicians corrupt.
8. Canada - 82 points
In 2017, GDP (PPP) per capita in Canada was $ 47,307. The country has one of the most advanced and largest economies in the world, based, mainly on the abundance of natural resources and developed retail chains.
Nevertheless, there are some other problem areas. In the absence of significant measures to combat bribery, almost 30% of business executives in Canada said that they consider both bribery and corruption among the main problems of the state. Such data cites the BestReviewof resource.
7. Sweden - 84 points
Those who live in Sweden can boast of high quality of life, gender and racial equality, excellent medical help, good education, compliance with civil liberties and the economic competitiveness of the country.
GDP (PPP) per capita in Sweden according to 2017 data amounted to 50,757 dollars.
6. Singapore - 84 points
The only one asian countryIn addition to the top ten countries with minimal corruption. A huge contribution to this was subside whether Kuan Yu is the Father-founder of Singapore. For one generation, the country managed to escape from the shackles of poverty, get rid of corruption and become a region that has an important international influence.
GDP (PPP) per soul of the Singapore population is $ 89,276. The above indicators are only in Luxembourg and Qatar.
One of the statements of Lee Kuan Yu says: "Start with the fact that you will plant three friends. You know exactly what, and they know for what. " Perhaps this is one of the most effective ways to combat corruption in the world.
5. Switzerland - 85 points
Bank country I. ski resorts Stably enters the top 10 different ratings in terms of living, conditions for doing business and the transparency of the financial system. It is very prosperous both in the economic and in politically. GDP (PPS) per capita of each Swiss last year amounted to 60,501 dollar.
High incomes of citizens (especially in Geneva and Zurich, who are among the most expensive cities in the world), an excellent education system, high-quality health care and almost complete absence of corruption - all this makes Switzerland a miniature paradise on Earth. That's russian oligarch Roman Abramovich recently filed a request for Swiss citizenship.
4. Norway - 85 points
The economy of this country is based mainly on natural resources and huge reserves of natural gas, oil, minerals, fresh water and seafood.
In the sizes of Norway, one of the highest gDP indicators (PPS) per capita - $ 70,066. For comparison: at each Russian in 2017, only $ 25,740 of GDP (PPP) accounted for.
3. Finland - 85 points
Economically competitive country with good level Education, a complete set of civil liberties and high quality of life. In terms of GDP (PPP) per capita in 2017, Finland is included in the top 30 best countries in the world. This indicator is $ 42,502.
2. Denmark - 88 points
In 2017, Denmark was included in the top 3. It is also one of the least corrupt countries in the world, although its indicator has decreased somewhat compared to the previous rating (previously it was 90 points).
GDP (PPP) per capita in Denmark is estimated at $ 47,992. The country has a very developed economy and offers its citizens a high standard of living, excellent education, an excellent health care system, civil liberties, power transparency, democracy and high incomes.
1. New Zealand - 89 points
This is the most honest and least corrupt country around the world. New Zealand is very developed market economyFounded mainly on tourism and exports of wines, meat and dairy products. And GDP (PPP) per capita is $ 38,555.
Due to the low level of corruption, New Zealanders have everything you need to live a stable life, including a strong economy, a wide selection of public services, a high standard of living, gender and racial, civil liberties and transparency of power.
As for Russia, then in the ranking she took 135 lines (29 points), hit by the very corrupt states. A little better things are in Ukraine - 130 position. Belarus far overtook his neighbors former USSRBy adding to 68 stitching with 44 points.
And the most corrupt country in the world is Somalia.
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