Automation of wastewater treatment processes. Development of typical solutions to automate the processes of biological wastewater treatment with joint removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. Management Methods

Currently, there is a significant number of technological schemes of the biological treatment process, each of which is characterized by the number of aeration steps, the presence or absence of the regeneration of the active ral, in the methods of input in the construction of wastewater and returned yals, degree of cleaning, etc. Each type of structures is characterized by its performance of normal operation. and requires an individual approach to the design of the automated control system.

The impacts that can be used to build an automated control system are as follows:

Returnal ral flow management in order to maintain the concentration of active ral in the aerotane;

Air flow control in such a way as to maintain the predetermined concentration of dissolved oxygen throughout the aerotank;

Control of the flow rate of the active ral system to maintain the age of alternatively;

Changing the ratio of the volumes of the aerotenka and the regenerator (while maintaining the constancy of their total volume) in order to optimally regenerate the ILA;

Distribution of flow of income water between parallel working aerotanes;

Maintaining the optimal value of the pH of water entering the aerotane

The flow control of the yla, produced from septic tanks to maintain the optimal level of the yel and change it depending on the concentration and consumption of the silo mixture, the turbidity of the peeled stretched water, as well as the scale index.

In traditional ACS, algorithmic models are used that bind the control effect with the input data (or their change). The disadvantage of traditional management methods in relation to the process of biological wastewater treatment is the multidimensionality and complexity of the created mathematical models at low accuracy and incompleteness of the initial information and ambiguity of the control criterion. On the other hand, situations arising from the functioning of a wastewater biological treatment unit often allow the use of formal reasoning methods close to the natural course of the arguments of a person expert. To solve the problems of biological treatment management, they can be significantly more effective than traditional ACS, especially from the point of view of the timing and cost of development and modification when changing the requirements for system and external conditions, which is an extremely important factor in the light of continuous improvement of technology and improving the performance of the block biological purification. A characteristic feature of the managed object is the inherent sequencing station the possibility of adjusting the technological scheme and changes in the composition of the equipment. This circumstance improves the requirements for openness, prospects and standardization of the system being created. Changes in the quality of wastewater treatment standards, extension of power of wastewater treatment plants or adding new control parameters will require full processing of mathematical models of traditional ACS, while in the expert system it will only be enough to adjust the rules or add new ones.

In addition, in the process of controlling biological cleaning, distressed situations often occur, to overcome which it is necessary to use the experience of many experts, regulatory and technical, reference and regulatory information, which can not always be available to the operator. The work of the treatment plant is a complex task associated with the features of the state and functioning of wastewater treatment facilities. In practice, technologist of wastewater treatment facilities, making decisions on wastewater treatment, faces the following problems:

Lack of parameters for decision-making, due to a limited time reserve and high cost of specialized laboratory tests;

Infidelity, inaccuracy of natural language instructions for making decisions;

Insufficiency of theoretical knowledge on the wastewater treatment process and the lack of accounting for the features of the functioning of a particular sewage treatment plant.

The wastewater treatment process is carried out in the retardation mode of the system reaction and depends on many input signals. These signals are heterogeneous, come with different periodicity, time for processing the part of them is necessary, as well as special laboratory conditions and expensive reagents. Claimed facilities are partially functioning due to the activities of a variety of living organisms whose reactions to the effects of input parameters are specific and interdependent. Optimal conditions for the existence of complexes of wastewater treatment of wastewater are very difficult due to the variability of these complexes depending on the composition of the sewage. Regulation of the concentration of biogenic elements, maintaining the pH of the medium and temperature in the desired range is positively reflected not only on the development of microorganisms, but also on the biochemical activity of the latter to purify water. For the selection of optimal conditions for the functioning of microorganisms in aerotanks, automated control systems are used, which are based on mathematical models (Table 1.2). Such systems have a number of shortcomings. They work well when the sewage treatment plants are in the normal mode of operation and are poorly applicable in the event of a freelance mode.

Naturally, in the event of problem situations, the knowledge and experience of experts, and the development of simulation models and programs for solving equations is clearly not enough. There is a need to use subjective information accumulated over the years, as well as incomplete data and objective information accumulated over the period of operation of wastewater treatment facilities.

The use of methods and means of artificial intelligence provides new opportunities for solving the problem of managing treatment facilities. Expert systems based on artificial intelligence in the ideal case should have the level of efficiency of solutions of informalized tasks, comparable to human or superior. In any case, the expert system "knows" less than a person expert, but the thoroughness with which these knowledge applies compensates for their limitations. At the moment, abroad there are a number of expert systems (ES) used to clean wastewater (Table 1.3).

Analyzing examples from Table 1.3, it should be noted that to control the biological purification unit, which is an element of a complex system for cleaning household wastewater, the use of a system based on the rules is most appropriate.

Table 1.2 - Models of classical control on biological treatment plants

Name	Example application	Equipment	Disadvantages of models	Advantages of models
Correlation	Establishment of interconnection and inter-dependencies between water characteristics	Claiming facilities	The presence of a large number of external factors, the mutual influence of microorganisms interaction with the substrate results in the complexity of choosing an adequate model of the system description. The models are difficult to develop, they are often inaccurate and excessively simplify reality. Simulation modeling does not work with unknown or unknown situations. Qualitative data cannot be used for a numerical management model. Data is inaccurate or missing, sensors provide erroneous information or missing, not all characteristics required for modeling are analyzed every day, which affects the accuracy of models. The characteristics of the flowing water are strongly changeable and unguided. Delay in obtaining data due to long laboratory tests and analytical calculations.	Evaluation of the behavior of wastewater treatment facilities in response to a certain scenario of development (operating conditions and characteristics of flowing water) and the forecast for the average and long period of possible outcomes in certain acts on the cleaning process Improving the efficiency of contaminants Reducing the consumption of electricity, chemical reagents and maintenance costs of treatment facilities Development of alternatives for modifying existing wastewater treatment plants
Adaptive algorithm	To maintain the required level of oxygen in Aerotenka	Aerotenk
Pragmatic models Fundamental models	Rising bacteria and substrate consumption	Aerotenk
Imitation models Statistical synthesis	Modeling the evolution of states of treatment facilities	Claiming facilities
Clustering	Classification of data from sensors	Claiming facilities
Stokes law	Deposition modeling	Poncolaovka
Curve Gusman	Solid media modeling
Optimization method	Optimization of precipitate treatment	Primary, secondary sumps
Deterministic, forecast models	Deposition	Primary, secondary sumps
Function curves and stochastic models	Forecast of the behavior of sumps	Primary, secondary sumps

Table 1.3 - artificial intelligence products designed for wastewater treatment plants

Name . Developer	Knowledge of knowledge	Basic functions and characteristics	disadvantages
Es real time. (Baeza, j)		Regulation of the work of treatment facilities. Management of wastewater treatment process over the Internet.	Systems based on rules: Do not study during work Difficulties with the process of extracting knowledge and experience of the source data Unable to foreseen, their area is limited by past predefined situations. Systems on precedents: The problem of indexing precedents in the knowledge base; Organization of an effective procedure for finding the nearest precedents; Training, formation of adaptation rules; Removal of precedents who have lost their relevance. Precedents and rules: No syntactic and semantic integration of system modules
ES to determine the state of wastewater treatment facilities. (Riano) 4]		A system for automatically constructing rules used to identify the state of treatment facilities.
ES for managing treatment condition. (Yang)		Expert system for determining the sequence of water purification of water on sewage treatment plants
EC for OS control. (Wiese, J., Stahl, A., Hansen, j.)	Preza-Denta	Expert system for determining harmful microorganisms in the active ral system
ES to reduce damage from water pollution. (University of North Carolina)	precedents	Evaluation of potential impacts to control scattered sources of pollution in river basin based on information and solutions coming from the user.
EC real-time for managing treatment facilities, (Sanchez-Marre)	precedents	PPR when observing, comprehensive control and management of the work of treatment facilities. Combines into the frame structure: training, reasoning, acquisition of knowledge, distributed decision making. Output rules partially moderate data and expertise. The system on precedents simulates empirical knowledge.
Management of the system of active yla. (COMAS, J.)	precedents	The system of control and management of the system of active yals on biological treatment facilities. The core and the main modules are designed based on an object-oriented shell that implements the mechanism of logical output. Manages receipt of data, database, system rules and precedents.

The most characteristic form for solving control problems directly by the biological cleaning unit is expert systems built on the basis of a product model, where knowledge is represented by a set of rules of the form "if that". The main advantages of such an expert system are simplicity of replenishment, modifications and cancellation of information and simplicity of the logical output mechanism. To organize the structure of the expert system, presented in Fig. 1.1, it is required to transform technological information to the decision-making structure, which describes the work of the knowledge base, and then, based on the selected software shell, make a program of work of the expert system.

This will be the goal of this diploma work: to adapt the experience of theoretical research and practical solutions in the use of expert systems to manage the biological wastewater treatment unit to a specific cleaning process, taking into account the design parameters and adopted when designing an individual technological scheme of these sewage treatment plants. As well as the creation of a full-fledged process automation system and the choice of technical means of its implementation.

Figure 1.1 - Structure of the process of wastewater treatment

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Introduction

Automation of technological processes and industries, at the present stage, is introduced into all industries. One of the main advantages of ACS TP is a decline, up to the complete exception, the influence of the human factor on the managed process, staff reduction, minimizing the costs of raw materials, improving the quality of the product produced, and ultimately a significant increase in production efficiency. The main functions performed by such systems include control and management, data exchange, processing, accumulation and storage of information, the formation of alarm signals, building charts and reports

1. Characteristic wastewater to enterprises

Wastewater - any water and atmospheric precipitates, assigned to the reservoirs from the territories of industrial enterprises and settlements through the sewage system or self-selection, the properties of which were degraded as a result of human activity.

Wastewater are:

Production (industrial) wastewater (formed in technological processes in the production or mining of minerals) are discharged through a system of industrial or shave sewage

Household (economic-fecal) wastewater (formed in residential premises, as well as in household premises in production, such as shower cabins, toilets), are distinguished through the system of household or shade sewage sewage

Surface wastewater (divided into rain and thal, that is, the ice, ice, hail tempered when melting), are divided as a rule through a storm sewage system.

Production wastewater can be divided:

In terms of pollutants on:

Contaminated by the benefit of mineral impurities;

Contaminated by the benefit of organic impurities;

Contaminated both mineral and organic impurities;

By concentration of pollutants.

In sewage composition, two main groups of pollutants are distinguished - conservative, i.e. Such, which, with difficulty, enter into chemical reactions and are practically not amenable to biological decomposition (examples of such pollutants of salts of heavy metals, phenols, pesticides) and non-consistent, i.e. such that may be incl. Subjected to the processes of self-purification of water bodies.

The sewage includes both inorganic (ground particles, ores and empty breeds, slag, inorganic salts, acids, lumps); So organic (petroleum products, organic acids), incl. Biological objects (fungi, bacteria, yeast, incl. pathogens).

Technological process of the object

All outdoor installation is equipped with a concrete coating with a slope of drain tray, for collecting precipitation and possible straits of processing products.

Collection of drain trays is sent to the E-314 / 1.2 Blood Capacities, located at different ends of the installation (technological scheme). Water collected in tanks is pumped up with pumps H-314 / 1.2 to the chimsachased sewer (HZK) on the COP, with satisfactory results of the analysis of the collected water and obtaining permission to pump from a removable master of Kos. When pumping, control over the presence of the oil layer is monitored, and when it is discovered, pumping stops.

With significant water pollution, it is diluted with winding water, it is diluted with winding water or exported challating into the brace of Kos.

When the oily layer is detected, it is directed to recycling, through the capacity of O-23, using fuel trucks. The level in the E-314/1 tank is controlled by the LIA - 540 instrument.

Technological process scheme

Disadvantages of the existing system:

- there is no possibility to track and analyze the level of the oil layer, removed from the sensor, which in turn does not allow us to control the entire technological process.

- No automated control and process control system.

- Some of the main advantages of ACS TP, which is not observed in this system, is to reduce the influence of the so-called human factor on the managed process, reducing staff, minimizing the costs of raw materials, improving the quality of the final product, and ultimately a significant increase in production efficiency.

- Existing devices implemented in the system are affected by the environment.

General principles for building automated control systems and technological management systems

There are various principles for constructing control systems by technological processes, which are determined by: 1) the place in the operator's control circuit and 2) the territorial placement of technological objects.

Based on the first principle, the following embodiments are possible.

The information system allows managing staff to monitor the course of the proceeding process on secondary measuring instruments, depending on the readings to receive this, or other solutions for regulating the process of process and, if necessary, adjust control using manual control devices.

Depending on the technical base of measuring instruments, the following methods of implementing measuring systems are possible:

In the first case, indicating devices are used as secondary measuring devices. This method allows the operator to control the process of proceeding the process according to the indications of shooting log or digital instruments, to make data into the account log, make a decision to regulate the process of process and hold it. With all the archaicity of this method, it is still widely used, especially since the addition of measuring instruments by various means of alarm and remote control;

In the second case, registering devices are used as secondary measurement tools: automatic recorders, potentiometers and other similar devices that record on the diagram paper. This method also requires constant monitoring of the operator for the course of the process, but relieves it from the routine testing procedure. For the above cases, the complexity of the search for the necessary values \u200b\u200bregistered at different intervals, a certain complexity of statistical data processing, since It requires their manual or manual entry into the computer, the complexity of creating a closed control system;

In the third case, the implementation of the information system involves a combination of measuring instruments, processing and storing information based on the electronic computing machine. The use of computational equipment allows you to create an automatic system of comprehensive processing of information about the process. Such a system allows you to flexibly approach the data processing, depending on their content, in addition, the required statistical processing of the data obtained, storage and presentation of them in the necessary form on the display screen and solid carrier, and is easily transferred to significant distances. This provides the possibility of organizing an automated system for collecting, processing, storing, transmitting and presenting information.

At the present stage of the development of technology, information and control systems, built on the basis of digital computing equipment, serve as the basis for automated and automatic control and control systems for technological processes and production as a whole.

One of the type of automated control systems is an informational and consulting system, otherwise called the decision support system or the expert system. This type of systems implements the automatic collection of technological data from the object necessary processing, storage and transmission of information. Information processing allows you to convert it to a format suitable for storage in the database, extracting the required data from it, on which the synthesis of recommendatory information is possible.

The development of information and consulting systems is the automatic control system (SAU). Building CAU is possible both based on the analog and digital element database. The most promising base, at this stage of the development of the technique, are microprocessor block-modular information collection systems, further processing of information using industrial computers, synthesis of control effects and transmit control signals to the control object of the transmitting modules of the block-modular collection system - information transmission.

The use of modern computing technology allows you to organize information transfer between different automatic control systems, in the presence of communication lines and the corresponding information transfer protocols. Thus, the automatic control system built on a similar principle ensures the solution of the management and control problem with the technological object, the possibility of integrating the system with other levels of the hierarchy.

In terms of territorial location, the control and management system is divided into centralized and distributed systems.

Centralized systems are characterized by the fact that control objects geographically dispersed and managed from the central control point implemented on the digital control machine. With this dignity, that in one control station focuses all information about the state of the technological process and control is manufactured, such a system is essentially dependent on the state and reliability of communication lines.

Distributed control systems allow control of dispersed objects to which autonomous control controllers are affected. Communication with the central point is carried out by the so-called supervisor control over the entire course of the technological process, as well as are generated and the necessary correction signals for autonomous control controllers are transmitted.

In addition to analyzing the general principles for building automated control systems, management and requirements imposed by state standards in the design of such systems, the customer's requirements for the automated control system of the technological process were taken into account.

First of all, today it is necessary to combine the ACS by technological processes and the central dispatching into a single information system. Equally important to automate pipelines. This will make it possible to accurately and promptly receive important technological information: pressure, temperature, consumption of the transported substance.

Information of this kind is needed to technologists for prophylactic and repair work, assessing the stability of the technological process. Measuring the amount of transported carbon dioxide is necessary for technological accounting. Ultimately, operational access to information appears, which improves the quality of making management decisions.

The tasks are delivered and solved:

1) Thorough study of the entire technological process and the rationale for the need to implement an automated system.

2) Selection of sensors and devices to implement the task.

3) Selecting the hardware system.

4) Development of a functional scheme, taking into account the implementation of the elements of the automation of the technological process.

5) Development of software and hardware of the automated control system and process control system.

6) Description of the functionality and technical capabilities of an embedded automated system.

Functional scheme of an object with an embedded automated with and stmay

Description of the functional circuit of the automated system

The functional scheme of automation of the technological object is presented in Fig. (2). The scheme indicates the location of the primary measurement transducers of control technologically. System sensors are made of materials resistant to environmental impacts and having explosion-proof execution, as well as pressure excerpts up to 10.0 MPa. Automated wastewater pumping from the E-314/1 container is made using the LV 540/1 position control valve, working with a wave radar level sensor. The LIDC 540 Rosemount 5300 position (by section phases). When the water level is reached, 100% opens the FV 540/1 regulating valve. Which gives windwater into the container, due to the hydrostatic force. When the oil layer is reached, which is determined by the LIDC 540 level sensor (by section phases), the valve closes.

2. List of applied devices

1) LevelLida. - 540: Rosemount 5300

Rosemount 5300 is two-wire waveguide levels for measuring the level and level of the boundary of the liquids, as well as the level of bulk media. Rosemount 5300 provides high reliability, modern security measures, ease of use and unlimited possibilities for connecting and integrating into the ASUTP system.

Operating principle waveguide levels:

Rosemount 5300 is based on temporary resolution reflectometry technology (TDR \u003d Time Domain Reflectometry). Microwave nanosecond radar pulses of low power are guided down the prison submerged into the technological environment. When the radar pulse reaches a medium with another dielectric permeability coefficient, a portion of the pulse energy is reflected in the opposite direction. The time difference between the moment of the transfer of the radar pulse and the moment of receiving the echo signal is proportional to the distance, according to which the level of the liquid or the border level of the two media is calculated. The intensity of the reflected echo signal depends on the dielectric permeability of the medium. The higher the dielectric constant coefficient, the higher the intensity of the reflected signal. The waveguide technology has a number of advantages compared to other methods of level measurement methods, since the radar pulses are practically immune to the composition of the medium, the atmosphere of the tank, temperature and pressure. Since the radar pulses are sent by the probe, and not freely distribute in the space of the reservoir, then the waveguide technology can be successfully used in small and narrow tanks, as well as in tanks with narrow nozzles. In 5300 levels, for the convenience of use and maintenance in various conditions, the following principles and design solutions are used:

Modular structures;

Advanced analog and digital signal processing;

The ability to use probes of several types depending on the conditions of application of the level gauge;

Connecting a two-wire cable (power is fed by a signal circuit);

Supports the HART communication digital protocol, which provides digital data output and the ability to remotely configure the device using a portable communicator model 375 or 475 or a personal computer with the ROSEMOUNT RADAR MASTER software installed.

2) FV540 - Shut -ling - control valve

The locking valve is designed for automatic control of fluxes of liquid and gaseous media, including aggressive and fire hazardous, as well as for overlapping pipelines.

The principle of operation of the regulating valve is to change the hydraulic resistance, and, consequently, the bandwidth of the valve due to the change in the cross section of the throttle node. The plunger movement is controlled by the drive. When the drive rod is moving under the action of the control signal, the valve plunger makes returnable movement in the sleeve. On the cylindrical surface of the sleeve, depending on the required conditional bandwidth and the passing characteristic, a set of holes or profiled windows is made. The area of \u200b\u200bholes through which the working medium is throttles, depends on the height of the lift of the plunger.

The membrane-spring drive of direct or reverse action converts the change in the pressure of compressed air supplied to the working cavity into the movement of the rod. In the absence of pressure of compressed air in the working cavity of the drive, the plunger under the action of the force developed by the spring is set to the extremely lower position in the NZ drive (execution - normally - closed).

The positioner is designed to increase the accuracy of the positioning of the drive rod and the valve rod connected to it.

3) Technographer-160m.

Devices showing and registering technology 160m are designed to measure and register for twelve channels (K1-K9, KA, KV, COP) of voltage and DC forces, as well as non-electrical quantities converted to DC electrical signals or active resistance.

The devices can be applied in various industries to control and register production and technological processes.

Devices allow:

Positional regulation;

Indication of the channel number on a single-digit scoreboard and the values \u200b\u200bof the measured value on the four-digit;

Analog, digital or combined registration on the diagram ribbon;

Exchange of data on the RS-232 or RS-485 channel with PC;

Measurement and registration of instant flow (root intake), as well as the registration of the average or total value of the consumption per hour.

Registration is carried out by a six-color felt-walled print head, an entry resource of one million points for each color.

Interface Parameters: 2400 bt / s transmission rate, 8 data bits, 2 stop bits, without readiness control and without readiness signals.

4) Universalth industrial regulator kr5500

Regulators Universal industrial series KR 5500 are designed to measure, indicate and regulate the strength and voltage of DC or active resistance from pressure sensors, flow, level, temperature, etc.

Regulators can be used in metallurgical, petrochemical, energy and other industries for monitoring and regulating production and technological processes. The undoubted advantage of these devices is an extended range of climatic conditions of their application: they can operate in range -5 -5 ... + 55 ° C with a humidity of 10 ... 80%.

Universal industrial regulators of the KR 5500 series are highly accurate and reliable devices of the most advanced level, with a programmable user of regulatory law (P, PI, PID) and with 1 or 2 outputs of various types. The exchange of data with a PC is carried out by means of RS 422 or RS 485 interfaces. The functions of the root removal and erection to the square can be monitored not only the temperature, but also other parameters of technological processes - pressure, consumption, level in units of the measured value. The measurement results are displayed on the LED scoreboard.

Purpose

Digital indication regulators and a programmable type of regulation of the PID, PD, PD - are designed to measure and regulate the temperature and other non-electrical values \u200b\u200b(pressure, flow, level, etc.) converted into electrical signals of the strength and voltage of DC.

Conclusion

sewing technological control automated

In this paper, the issue of automation of the technological process for collecting wastewater was considered.

It was originally established which parameters we need to control and regulate. Then the control objects and equipment are selected with which you can achieve the goal.

The high efficiency of applying automated control of parameters and optimizing the operation of various technological systems with mechanisms operating in variable modes is confirmed by many years of international experience. The use of automation allows you to optimize the operation of technological installations and improve the quality of products.

Bibliography

1. Project documentation of the IP CJSC - 9. OJSC Uralorgsintez 2010

2. Rosemount 5300 waveguide levels. Operation manual.

3. Product catalog "Modern means of control, regulation and registration of technological processes in industry" NFP "Sensorika" Yekaterinburg.

4. Automation of production processes in the chemical industry / Lapshenkov G.I., Polotsky L.M. Ed. 3rd, recreation. and add. - M.: Chemistry, 1988, 288 p.

5. Catalog of products and applications of OJSC "Heat Parborbor" Chelyabinsk

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Automation of sewage treatment plants

The volume of automation work in each particular case must be confirmed by economic efficiency and sanitary effect.

On the sewage treatment facilities can be automated:

devices and devices that register changes in the technological regime during normal operation;
devices and devices providing localization of accidents and providing operational switching;
auxiliary processes in the work of structures, it particularly belongs to pumping stations (pump bay, drainage water, ventilation, etc.);
constructing the disinfecting of the sew under the cleaning.

Along with the comprehensive automation solution, it is advisable to automate individual technological processes: the distribution of wastewater on structures, regulation of precipitation levels, yel.

Partial automation in the future should provide for the possibility of transition to a comprehensive automation of the entire technological cycle.

The relatively small implementation of automatic control installations in wastewater treatment techniques at the food industry enterprises is explained by the fact that most of the sewage stations have a small or average performance, by virtue of the capital costs of automation are often expressed by significant amounts N cannot be compensated for relevant operational cost savings. In the future, automatic dosage of reagents and control of wastewater treatment efficiency will be widely applied on sewage treatment facilities.

Technical requirements for the automation of wastewater treatment processes can be reduced to the following:

any automatic control system should allow local control by individual mechanisms when inspection and repair;
the ability to control simultaneously in two ways should be excluded (for example, automatic and local);
translation of the system from manual control to automatic should not be accompanied by disconnecting in the work of the mechanisms;
the scheme of the automotive management should ensure the normal flow of the technological process and ensure the reliability and accuracy of the installation;
with a normal stop of the unit, the automation scheme must be ready for the next automatic start;
the locked block must exclude the possibility of an automatic or remote start after an emergency shutdown of the unit;
in all cases, the violation of the normal operation of the automated installation should be alarm to an item with permanent duty.

pumping stations are the main units and drainage pumps; Enabling and shutdown depending on the level of fluid in tanks and pitches, automatic switching when breakdown of one pump to the backup; Sound signal supply in cases of failure of the pumping units n overflow in the receiving tank;
drainage veils - emergency signaling;
power valves of pumping units (when starting the unit on a closed valve) - opening and closing, selected with the operation of pumps;
mechanical rake - work in accordance with the specified program;
electrical instruments - switching on and off electrical instruments depending on the temperature in the rooms;
receiving tanks of sludge pumping stations - clutching the waste fluid;
pressure pipelines of sludge pumping stations - emptying after stopping pumps;
the building grille with mechanical cleaning is to enable and disable mechanical robbles depending on the level of levels before and after the grid (clogging of the grid) or by temporary graphics;
polesovka is the inclusion of the hydroeleevator for pumping sand via temporary graphics or depending on the level of sand, automatic maintenance of a constant flow;
sustainers, contact tanks - release (pumping) il (sediment) via temporary graphics or depending on the level of the alley; work scraper mechanisms for temporary graphics or depending on the level of the alley; Opening of the hydraulic shutter at the start of the movable scraper farm;
wastewater neutralization stations, chloroant lime chloride - dosing of the reagent depending on the flow rate of the effluent.

A characteristic feature of the wastewater of food industry enterprises is the absence of a nitrogen and phosphorus rate for biochemical processes.

Therefore, it becomes necessary to add missing elements in the form of biogenic additives.

The addition of additives is associated with the complexity of regulating the volume of additives depending on the size of wastewater and contamination. Taking into account the changing wastewater consumption, the dosing of biogenic additives is especially difficult, therefore, to measure wastewater consumption by the Institute of Soyuz), the automation scheme has been developed, in which the diaphragms and float showing the DEMM-280 type diffmanema sensors are applied.

The pulses from the diffmaneometer are transmitted to the electronic regulator of the ERC-67 ratio, which an electric actuator type mg actuator, acting on the control valve, leads the flow rate of biogenic additives in accordance with the size of wastewater flow. At the same time, the required estimated ratio between wastewater consumption and biogenic additives is set to the regulator, depending on the change in the concentration of contamination in the wastewater entering the sewage facilities.

Introduction

1. Structure of automatic control systems

2. Dispatch management

3. Control of the work of wastewater treatment facilities

Bibliographic list

Introduction

Automation of biological wastewater treatment - the use of technical means, economic and mathematical methods, control systems and control systems, partially or fully liberating a person from participation in the processes occurring in the sandballs, primary and secondary septiles, aerotanks, oxcents and other structures at the biological treatment station Wastewater.

The main objectives of the automation of systems and drainage structures consist in improving the quality of drainage and wastewater treatment (uninterrupted waste and pumping wastewater, the quality of wastewater treatment, etc.); reduction of operating costs; Improving working conditions.

The main function of systems and structures of biological wastewater treatment is improving the reliability of the work of structures by monitoring the status of equipment and automatic verification of the reliability of information and stability of the work of structures. All this contributes to the automatic stabilization of the parameters of technological processes and indicators of the quality of wastewater treatment, operational reaction to the perturbing effects (change in the amount of waste water removal, change in the quality of purified wastewater). Operational detection contributes to the localization and elimination of accidents and failures in the operation of technological equipment. Ensuring storage and operational data processing and presenting them in the most informative form at all levels of management; Data Analysis and Development of Governors and Recommendations The Production Personnel coordinates the management of technological processes, and the automation of preparation and processing of documents allows you to accelerate the workflow. The ultimate goal of automation is to increase the efficiency of management activities.

1 Automatic Control Systems Structure

Inside each system, there are the following structures: functional, organizational, information, software, technical.

The basis of the creation of the system is the functional structure, while the remaining structures are determined by the most functional structure.

According to the functional basis, each management system is divided into three subsystems:

· Operational control and management of technological processes;

· Operational planning of technological processes;

· Calculation of technical and economic indicators, analysis and planning of the water management system.

In addition, the subsystems can be separated by the criterion of efficiency (the duration of the functions) on hierarchical levels. The groups of the same level of the same level are combined into blocks.

The functional structure of the ACS operation of the treatment facilities is shown in Figure 1.

Fig.1 Functional structure of the ACS of operation with cleaning facilities

2 Dispatch management

The main technological processes controlled and controlled by the dispatcher on the structures of biological wastewater treatment is:

· Unloading of sand from sandballs and raw sediment from primary sumps;

· Stabilization of the pH value of water entering the aerotanks at the optimal level;

· Reset toxic wastewater into an emergency capacity and subsequent gradual feeding in aerotanks;

· Reset part of the flow of water in the drive or swap water;

· Distribution of waste water between parallel working aerotanes;

· Distribution of wastewater along the length of the aerotane for the dynamic redistribution of the working volume between the oxidizing agent and the regenerator in order to accumulate the yel and increase the average daily quality of purified water;

· Air supply to maintain the optimal concentration of dissolved oxygen throughout the aerotane;

· Feed return active Ла to maintain a constant load on IL for organic substances;

· Ural unloading from secondary septicles;

· The withdrawal of excessive active ral from aerotanes to maintain its optimal age;

· Inclusion in the operation of pumps and superchargers and their shutdown to minimize energy costs for pumping water, sludge, precipitation and air.

In addition, the following signals are transmitted from controlled objects to dispatcher points: Emergency disable equipment; violation of the technological process; Limit levels of wastewater in tanks; limiting concentration of explosive gases in industrial premises; The limiting concentration of chlorine in the premises of the chloroor.

If possible, dispatching places should be placed not far from technological structures (pumping stations, blowing stations, laboratories, etc.), since the issuance of control exposure is made on various electronic and pneumatic regulators or directly to actuators. In the dispatching items provided for auxiliary premises (rest rooms, bathroom, storeroom and repair shop).

3 Control of the work of treatment facilities

Based on these technological control and process management, the schedule of wastewater flow, its quality and energy consumption schedule for minimizing the total costs of water treatment are predicted. Control and management of these processes are carried out using a computing complex operating in or the manager of the dispatcher or automatic control.

Qualitative process control and optimized management of them can be provided with a measurement of such parameters as the degree of waste water toxicity for the microorganisms of the active yel, the intensity of bio-oxidation, the BPK of the incoming and purified water, the activity of the ral and others that cannot be determined by direct measurement. These parameters can be determined by calculating on the basis of measuring the rate of oxygen consumption in the technological tanks of small volume with a special load mode. The rate of oxygen consumption is determined by the time to reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen from the maximum to minimal specified values \u200b\u200bwhen aeration is turned off or to reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen during the specified time under the same conditions. Measurement is carried out in the cyclic action setting consisting of a technological unit and a microprocessor controller, controlling the meter nodes and calculating the speed of oxygen consumption. The time of one measurement cycle is 10-20 minutes depending on the speed. The technological unit can be installed on the airline of the aerotane or aerobic stabilizer service. The design provides the operation of the outdoor meter in winter. The rate of oxygen consumption can be determined continuously in large-volume reactors with the post. The supply of active sludge, wastewater and air. The system is equipped with a flat jet dispenser with a productivity of 0.5-2 and 1. Easy design and large water costs provide high measurement reliability in production conditions. Meters can be used to continuously control the load on organic substances. A greater accuracy and sensitivity of measuring the speed of oxygen consumption is provided by pressure gauge measurement systems equipped with hermetic reactors, the pressure in which is maintained by adding an oxygen. The source of oxygen is usually an electrolyzer, controlled by a pulsed or continuous pressure stabilization system. The number of oxygen submitted is a measure of its consumption. Meters of this type are intended for laboratory studies and systems for measuring BOD.

The main purpose of the ASU of the air supply is the maintenance of the given concentrations of dissolved oxygen throughout the aerotank, the stable operation of such systems can be ensured if used to control the signal not only an oxygen, but also a wastewater consumption or oxygen consumption rate in the active area of \u200b\u200bthe aerotane.

Regulation of aeration systems allows you to stabilize the technological treatment of cleaning and reduce the average annual costs of electricity by 10-20%. The share of energy consumption at aeration is 30-50% of the cost of biological purification, and the specific energy consumption of aeration varies from 0.008 to 2.3 kWh / m.

Typical systems for the release of rally support the specified level of the IL water section. The section of the section layer is installed in the side of the sump in the stagnation zone. The quality of adjustment of such systems can be improved if you use the ultrasonic warning device of the media section. Higher quality of purified water can be obtained if applied to regulate the tracking level of the SL - water section.

To stabilize the scale regime not only sumps, but also the Aerotenk system - the pumping station of the return yel - the secondary sump must be maintained to maintain the specified recycling coefficient, that is, that the consumption of the unloaded ral is proportional to the flow rate of the increasing wastewater. The standing level is measured for indirect control of changes in the scale index or the malfunction of the flow rate control system.

When regulating the reset of excess ral, it is necessary to calculate the number of sludge, which has affected during the day, to remove from the system only an increase in the alley and stabilization of the age. This provides high quality yla and optimal biosidation rate. Due to the lack of meters of concentration of active yals, this task can be solved using oxygen consumption rate meters, because The rate of iron growth and the rate of oxygen consumption are interconnected. The system of the system integrates the amount of oxygen consumption and the amount of remote sludge and 1 times a day correctly adjusts the specified consumption of excess ral. The system can be used both in continuous and during periodic reset of excess ral.

The oxintakes make higher requirements for the quality of maintaining the oxygen regime due to the danger of IL intoxication at high concentrations of dissolved oxygen and a sharp decrease in the purification rate at low concentrations. When operating oximensions, it is necessary to control both the supply of oxygen and the discharge of exhaust gases. The oxygen supply is regulated either by the pressure of the gas phase, or by concentration of dissolved oxygen in the active zone. Resetting exhaust gases regulate either proportional to wastewater consumption, or by oxygen concentration in the treated gas.

Bibliographic list

1. Voronov Yu.V., Yakovlev S.V. Watering and wastewater treatment / Textbook for universities: - M.: Publisher of the Association of Construction Universities, 2006 - 704c.

To effectively control the process of cleaning wastewater industrial enterprises from phenolic compounds (on the example of bisphenol-a) using advanced oxidative processes (UV radiation, λ \u003d 365 nm, H2O2, FECL3) proposed an exponential model for reducing the concentration of phenolic compounds identified in the Statistica software environment . In order to stabilize the unstable parameters of the model, the idea of \u200b\u200bregularization A.N. Tikhonov, a procedure was carried out by the "Comb regression" procedure. The obtained regularized model, which establishes the dependence of the degree of decomposition of phenolic compounds in the aqueous medium under the action of physicochemical factors (photo-fanta reagent) on the process parameters, is statistically significant (R2 \u003d 0.9999) and has improved predictive properties than a model identified by Method of least squares. Using a regularized model for reducing the concentration of phenolic compounds by Lagrange multipliers in the MathCAD system, specific optimal levels of FECL3, H2O2 expenditures are defined, which ensure a decrease in the concentration of phenolic compounds in wastewater to the maximum permissible level.

regularization

incorrect tasks

modeling

wastewater

improved oxidative processes

1. Vuccov I., Boyadzhieva L., Solakov E. Applied linear regression analysis. - M.: Finance and Statistics, 1987. 240 p.

2. Drayer N., Smith G. Applied Regression Analysis. - M.: Publishing House "Williams", 2007. - 912 p.

3. Eliseeva I.I. Econometrics. - M.: Yurait Publisher, 2014. - 449 p.

4. Karmazinov F.V., Kostyuchenko S.V., Kudryavtsev N.N., Eslastkov S.V. Ultraviolet technologies in the modern world: monograph. - Dolgoprudny: Publishing House "Intellect", 2012. - 392 p.

5. Moiseev N.N., Ivanilov Yu.P., Stolyarova E.M. Optimization methods. - M.: Science, 1978. - 352 p.

6. Rabbank Ya. Experimental methods in photochemistry and photophysics: T. 2. - M.: Mir, 1985. - 544 p.

7. Sokolov A.V., Tokarev V.V. Methods of optimal solutions. In 2 tons. 2. General. Mathematical programming. - M.: Fizmatlit, 2010. - 564 p.

8. Sokolov E.M., Shainkman L.E., Dergunov D.V. A study of a decrease in the concentration of phenolic compounds in aqueous media using mathematical modeling // Bulletin of the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - 2013. - T. 9, No. 2. - P. 23-31.

9. Sokolov E.M., Shainkman L.E., Dergunov D.V. Nonlinear kinetics of decay of phenolic compounds in aquatic environment // Fundamental studies. - 2014. - No. 9, Ch. 12. - P. 2677-2681.

10. Sterligova A.N. Inventory management in supply chains. - M.: Infra-M, 2009. - 430 p.

11. Sychev A.Ya., Isak V.G. Compounds of iron and mechanisms of homogeneous catalysis Activation O2, H2O2 and oxidation of organic substrates // Chemistry successes. - 1995. - № 64 (12). - P. 1183-1209.

12. Tikhonov A.N., Arsenin V.Ya. Methods for solving incorrect tasks. - M.: Science, 1979. - 285 p.

13. Tikhonov A.N. On the regularization of incorrect tasks // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1963. - № 153 (1). - P. 45-52.

14. Tikhonov A.N. The solution of incorrect tasks and the regularization method // Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences. - 1963. - № 151 (3). - P. 501-504.

15. Tikhonov A.N., Ufimtsev M.V. Statistical processing of experimental results. - M.: Publisher MSU, 1988. - 174 p.

17. Marta I. Litter, Natalia Quici Photochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment // Recent Patents On Engineering. - 2010. - Vol. 4, No. 3. - P. 217-241.

18. Xiangxuan Liu, Jiantao Liang, Xuanjun Wang Kinetics and Reaction Pathways of Formaldehyde Degradation using the UV-Fenton Method // Water Environment Research. - 2011. - Vol. 83, No. 5. - P. 418-426.

The wastewater of a number of industries (chemical, pharmaceutical, metallurgical, pulp and paper, mining and processing, etc.) make a significant contribution to pollution of surface and underground water facilities with phenolic and hard-acid organic compounds. Phenol is a potentially dangerous carcinogenic substance representing a significant medical problem, even at low concentrations.

Advanced oxidative processes (AOP) play an important role in the decomposition of organic substances contained in wastewater in the wide range of concentrations. AOP processes generate hydroxyl radicals that are strong oxidizers capable of carrying out the mineralization of a wide range of organic substances. The hydroxyl radical has a high redox potential (E0 \u003d 2.8 V) and is capable of responding with actually by all classes of organic compounds. Oxidizing hydroxyl radicals can be initiated by photolidium as a result of a photo-fantal process.

Cleaning wastewater from phenolic compounds using advanced oxidative processes occurs mainly in photochemical reactors. Photochemical reactors are the devices in which photochemical reactions are carried out. But they are not only performed transformations, but also projected by mass and heat exchange processes and the intensive movement of the medium. From the correctness of the choice of the type of reactor, its design and operation mode, the efficiency and safety of the cleaning process depends the greatest extent.

When using photoreactors to solve various applied tasks, large volumes of reagents should be exposed to effectively exposure.

An important element of the photochemical cleaning module in the general system of local wastewater treatment plants is the reagent dosing system, FECL 3 catalyst and hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2.

For stable functioning of reactors and increasing the efficiency of mineralization of organic compounds, optimization of the purification process is necessary to determine the optimal doses of reagents introduced into the reactor. Optimization can be based on minimizing the costs required for reagent reagent, taking into account the environmental control of the cleaning process. As an ecological regulator, the function of the dependence of the concentration of the organic pollutant on the process parameters (concentrations of reagents and the UV irradiation time), bounded by the maximum permissible value of the concentration of phenolic compound. The concentration function is determined on the basis of a statistical analysis of the experimental data of the AOR-process by the least squares method (MNC).

Often the task of determining the parameters of the regression equation by the least squares method is incorrectly supplied, and the use of the obtained equation when solving the optimization problem to determine the optimal doses of reagents can lead to inadequate results.

Thus, the purpose of the work is to apply the regularization methods to construct a stable model of the dependence of the concentration of phenolic compound on the parameters of the photochemical purification process and identify the optimal levels of hydrogen peroxide and chloride (III) levels when minimizing the costs of reagents.

To build a mathematical model of the dependence of the decrease in the concentration of phenolic compound on the parameters of the AOR-process with the joint effects of hydrogen peroxide, the chloride of iron (III) and the ultraviolet radiation of the wavelength of 365 nm per phenolic pollutant in the aquatic environment in order to solve the optimization problem for identifying chemical reagent levels of chemical reagents Experimental studies on model solutions containing phenolic compounds (bisphenol-A, NFOR), using liquid and gas chromatography. During optimal planning of the experiment, the effect of UV radiation and oxidizers to the level of decomposition of an organic pollutant at various concentrations of the EMB - X1 (50 μg / l, 100 μg / l) was estimated; hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 - x2 (100 mg / l; 200 mg / l) and activator - iron chloride (III) FECL 3 (1; 2 g / l) - x3. The model solution containing the ejection, hydrogen peroxide and FECL 3, was exposed to UV radiation for 2 hours (irradiation time T - x4). The samples were taken after 1 and 2 hours after irradiation, and the residual concentration of EQ (Y) was measured. Measurements were carried out by LC-MS / MS liquid chromatograph. Semi-life products during photodegradation Norma were determined using GS-MS gas chromatograph.

When implementing the photo-fenton process (Fe2 + / H2O2 / hν), for the mineralization of organic pollutants in an acidic medium at pH \u003d 3, the FE (OH) 2+ complex is formed:

Fe 2+ + H 2 O 2 → Fe 3+ + OH ● + OH -;

Fe 3+ + H 2 O → Fe (OH) 2+ + H +.

Under the action of UV irradiation, the complex is subjected to decomposition, resulting in a radical OH ● and the FE 2+ ion:

2+ + hν → Fe 2+ + OH ●.

Quantitative description of the photo fenton process on the macro level, in relation to the degradation of an organic pollutant in an aqueous medium, can be described by the model:

where 0 is the initial concentration of the organic pollutant; 0, 0 - initial concentrations, activator containing iron (II) ions and hydrogen peroxide, respectively; k - reaction rate constant; R is the reaction rate; α, β, γ - reaction orders of substances.

When creating a mathematical model of a decrease in the concentration of a phenolic compound, from the factors of the photochemical cleaning process with the participation of a photo-fantalous reagent, we will proceed from linear models or models that can be reduced to linear coefficients using a suitable conversion that can be recorded in general form in the following way :

where Fi (x1, x2, ..., xm) is arbitrary functions of factors (regressors); β1, β2, ..., βk - model coefficients; ε - Error experiment.

Based on the law of the active masses, the dependence of the concentration of phenolic compound on the factors of the process mathematically can be submitted to the following expression:

where η is the level of residual concentration of BPA at time t, mg / l; X1 - the initial concentration of the NK, mg / l; x2 - concentration of hydrogen peroxide, mg / l; x3 is the concentration of chloride of iron (III), g / l; X4 - the time of cleaning process, h; β1, β2, β3, β4, β5 - model parameters.

The coefficients in model (2) are located nonlinearly, but during linearization by logarithming on a natural base, the right and left parts of the equation (2), we obtain

where in accordance with (1)

However, with such a transformation, a random perturbation (experiment error) enters the model multiplicatively and has a logon distribution, i.e. and after logarithming it gives

After linearization and the introduction of new variables, the expression (2) will take

where the predictor variables x1, x2, x3, x4 and the response y are logarithmic functions:

Y \u003d lny, x1 \u003d lnx1,

X 2 \u003d lnx 2, x 3 \u003d lnx 3, x 4 \u003d lnx 4;

b0, B1, B2, B3, B4 - model parameters.

Typically, in the processing tasks, the experiment matrix and the response vector are known inaccurate, i.e. With errors, and the task of determining regression coefficients by the least squares method is unstable to errors in the source data. With poor conditionality of the FTF information matrix (F - regressor matrix), MNC estimates are usually unstable. To overcome the poor conditionality of the information matrix, the idea of \u200b\u200bregularization was proposed, substantiated in the works of A.N. Tikhonov.

In relation to the solution of regression problems, the idea of \u200b\u200bregularization A.N. Tikhonov Interpretated A.E. Hoorl as a "comb regression" procedure. When using the "comb regression" method to stabilize the MNQ estimates (determined B \u003d (FTF) -1FTY), regularization is associated with the addition of a certain positive number τ (parameter of regularization) to the diagonal elements of the FTF matrix.

The choice of the regularization parameter τ Hooler, Kennard and Beltvin proposed to be implemented as follows:

where M is the number of parameters (excluding a free member) in the initial regression model; SSE is the residual sum of the squares obtained by the source regression model without adjusting to multicollinearity; b * - vector-column regression coefficients converted by formula

where bj is a parameter with a variable xj in the source regression model defined by MNA; - The average value of the J-th independent variable.

After selecting the value of τ, the formula for estimating the regularized regression parameters will be

where I is a single matrix; F - Matrix of regressors; Y - vector of the values \u200b\u200bof the dependent variable.

The magnitude of the regularization parameter, determined by formula (4), takes a value equal to τ \u003d 1.371 · 10-4.

A regularized model for reducing the concentration of phenolic compound, built in the Statistica system, taking into account formula (5), can be represented as

where from the OST and with the residual and initial concentration of the phenolic pollutant, respectively, mg / l; - concentration of hydrogen peroxide, mg / l; Sa - concentration of iron chloride (III), g / l; t - time, h.

Determination coefficient values, R 2 \u003d 0.99995, Fisher's criterion F \u003d 5348.417, exceeding the critical value (F cr (0.01; 4,11) \u003d 5.67), characterize the adequacy of the regularized model by the results of the experiment at the significance level α \u003d 0.1.

The determination of optimal specific values \u200b\u200bof the concentrations of chemical reagents (FECL 3, H 2 O 2) required for water purification, when the minimum specific level of costs is reached, it is a problem of nonlinear (convex) programming of the form (7-9):

(8)

where f is the function of funds associated with the margin of chemical reagents F \u003d Z (C2, C3); Gi is a function of a decrease in the concentration of phenolic compound in the aqueous medium in the process of physicochemical purification, G \u003d COST (C1, C2, C3, T) (limit function); x1, x2, ..., xn - process parameters; x1 - the initial concentration of phenolic compound, x1 \u003d c1, mg / l; x2 and x3 - concentration of hydrogen peroxide and iron chloride (III), respectively, x2 \u003d c2, mg / l, x3 \u003d c3, g / l; t - time, h; BI is the maximum permissible concentration of phenolic compound (MPC), mg / l.

The function of financial resources representing a two-decreased cost model associated with the reserve of hydrogen peroxide and iron chloride (III), taking into account the Wilson formula can be represented as

(10)

where Z (C2, C3) is the specific total costs associated with the reserve, rubles; A - specific overhead costs of one total supply, rub.; C2 - specific consumption of hydrogen peroxide, mg / l; C3 is the specific consumption of iron chloride, g / l; I1, I2 - specific tariffs for storage of hydrogen peroxide and iron chloride (III), respectively, rubles; M1, M2 - the share of the price of products, which comes to the cost of performing one order for hydrogen peroxide and iron chloride (III), respectively; I1, I2 - the proportion of the price of products included on the cost of maintaining the stock of hydrogen peroxide and iron chloride (III), respectively; K2, K3 is a specific purchase price of a unit of hydrogen peroxide (rubles / mg) and iron chloride (III) (rubles / d), respectively.

To solve the system (7) - (9), a set of variables λ1, λ2, ..., λm, called Lagrange multipliers, constitute the Lagrange function:

there are private derivatives and the system of N + M of equations is considered.

(11)

c n + M unknown x1, x2, ..., xn; λ1, λ2, ..., λm. Any solution of the system of equations (11) defines a conditional dot, in which the extremum function f (x1, x2, ..., xn) can occur. When complying with the conditions of Kun - Takker (12.1) - (12.6), the point is a saddle point of the Lagrange function, i.e. The solution found (7) - (9) is optimal:

The problem of identifying the optimal parameters of the process of purification of industrial wastewater from phenolic compounds when the minimum level of current specific costs are achieved, which are necessary for waters, was solved under the following source data: the initial concentration of the phenolic pollutant in the wastewater 0.006 mg / l (6 PDK); cleaning time determined by the technological process - 5 days (120 hours); maximum permissible concentration of pollutant 0.001 mg / l (B \u003d 0.001); Specific procurement price of a unit of stock in a hydrogen peroxide 24.5 · 10 -6 rub. / mg (k2 \u003d 24,5 · 10 -6), by iron chloride (III) 37,5 · 10 -3 rub. / g (K3 \u003d 37.5 · 10 -3); The share of product prices, which come to the cost of maintaining the supply of hydrogen peroxide and iron chloride is 10% (i \u003d 0.1) and 12% (i \u003d 0.12), respectively; The share of product prices coming to the cost of completing the order for hydrogen peroxide and iron chloride is 5% (M1 \u003d 0.05) and 7% (M2 \u003d 0.07), respectively.

Resolving the task (7) - (9) in the MathCAD system, we get a point x * with coordinates

(C2 *, C3 *, λ *) \u003d (6.361 ∙ 103; 5,694; 1.346 · 10 4),

in which the conditions of Kuna - Takker are observed (12.1) - (12.6). There is a point that belongs to the area of \u200b\u200bpermissible solutions, in which the condition of the regularity of Slater is performed:

COST (C2 °, C3 °) \u003d COST (10 3, 1) \u003d - 7.22 · 10 -9< 0.

The appearance of the conditional point was determined in accordance with the criterion of the Sylvester in relation to the Matrix of the Hesse function of Lagrange:

In accordance with the criterion of the Sylvester, the matrix L is neither positive or negatively defined (semi-defined) (δ 1 \u003d 4.772 · 10 -8 ≥ 0; δ 2 \u003d 6,639 · 10 -9 ≥ 0; δ 3 \u003d -5,042 · 10 -17 ≤ 0).

From the fulfillment of the conditions of the KUN - takcker, the regularity of the slatter and on the basis of the study of the method of arrangement of the hessse matrix of the Lagrange function in the conditional point it follows that the point (6.361 ∙ 10 3; 5,694; 1.346 · 10 4) is a saddle point of the Lagrange function, i.e. The optimal solution of problem (7) - (9).

Thus, to reduce the level of phenols in industrial wastewater from 0.006 mg / l (6 MPC) to the maximum permissible (0.001 mg / l), specific costs of 1,545 rubles / l will be required. This value of the specific cost is minimal when used in the process of cleaning the optimal specific levels of hydrogen peroxide 6.361 · 10 3 mg / l and iron (III) chloride (III) 5.694 g / l.

Lagrange multiplier method for technical and economic conditions (C 1 \u003d 0.006 mg / l; T \u003d 120 hours; B \u003d 10 -3 mg / l; k 2 \u003d 24,5 · 10 -6 rub. / Mg, k 3 \u003d 37 , 5 · 10 -3 rub. / G; i 1 \u003d 10%, i 2 \u003d 12%; m 1 \u003d 5%, m2 \u003d 7%) solved the problem of determining the optimal specific values \u200b\u200bof the ingredients used as oxidizing agents in the photocatalytic decomposition process Phenolic compound contained in industrial wastewater to the PDC level.

The identified regularized mathematical model that establishes the dependence of the level of decrease in the concentration of phenolic compound in the aqueous medium from the parameters of the photochemical cleaning process, has better predictive properties than the model determined by the least squares method. Using the obtained regularized mathematical model, the method of mathematical programming was solved by the method of mathematical programming to determine the estimates of optimal specific levels of flow of chemical reagents (FECL 3, H 2 O 2), which are sustainable solutions.

The considered approach to identifying the optimal parameters of the process of photochemical cleaning with the use of regularization will ensure efficient control of wastewater treatment from phenolic compounds.

Reviewers:

Yashin A.A., D.T.N., D.B., Professor of the Department "General Pathology" of the Medical Institute, FGBOU VPO Tula State University, Tula;

Korotkov A.A., D.B., Professor, Head of Department of Bioecology and Tourism, FGBOU VPO "Tula State Pedagogical University. L.N. Tolstoy, "Tula.

The work went on the edit on 02/16/2015.

Bibliographic reference

Sheinkman L.E., Dergunov D.V., Savinova L.N. Identification of the parameters of the process of photochemical purification of industrial wastewater from phenolic pollutants using regularization methods // Fundamental studies. - 2015. - № 4. - P. 174-179;
URL: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id\u003d37143 (date of handling: 09/17/2019). We bring to your attention the magazines publishing in the publishing house "Academy of Natural Science"

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