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Master class on experimental activities of preschoolers Prepared by the teacher of the MDOU Kindergarten No. 55 "Grasshopper" in Podolsk Podchasova Svetlana Gennadievna
Theme "Wizard of the Air" The purpose of the master - class: presentation of the experience of working with children of senior preschool age on the development of cognitive activity through search and research activities.
Objectives: - to raise the level of professional competence of the participants of the master - class on the development of cognitive activity of preschoolers through search and research activities; - to present to the participants of the master - class one of the forms of carrying out experimental - experimental activities with children of senior preschool age; - to form the participants of the master - class motivation to use experimental and experimental activities in the educational process for the development of the cognitive activity of preschoolers.
Childhood is a time of searching and answering a variety of questions. Research, search activity is the natural state of a child, he is tuned in to cognition of the world around him, he wants to learn. The more diverse and intense the search activity, the more new information the child will receive, the faster and more fully his development goes. It is known that familiarization with any object or phenomenon gives the most optimal result if it is effective. It is necessary to provide children with the opportunity to "act" with the studied objects of the surrounding world. The Chinese proverb says "Tell me and I will forget, show me and I will remember, let me try and I will understand" This reflects the essence of the world around us.
Experience 1 "Catch the air" Material: cellophane bag Course of experiment: take a plastic bag. With a wave of the bag, draw air into it and clamp the bag. Show the children that there is air in it
Experiment 2 "No flowing water" Materials: two bottles, two funnels, plasticine Procedure: Take two bottles and insert a funnel into each of them. On one of them, coat the neck around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap or hole. First, pour some water into a bottle without plasticine - water gets inside unhindered. Now try filling a bottle with plasticine - except for a few drops of water, nothing else will get into the bottle! And all because the air in this container does not have the ability to escape from there through the cracks between the neck and the funnel. And the force of the air pressure in the bottle is greater than the force of gravity that pulls the water down from the funnel, so the water remains in the funnel - until you make at least a tiny hole between the neck and the funnel.
Experience 3 "Launching a rocket" Materials: balloon, cocktail tube, thread, scotch tape. The course of the experiment: this fun will be interesting to the kid for a long time. Pull a thread between two chairs located at opposite ends of the room, after passing it through the juice tube. Inflate the balloon and pinch the end with a clothespin to keep air out. Draw portholes on the ball with a felt-tip pen and write, for example, "Union". Using tape, glue the ball to the tube and pull it to one end of the stretched thread. Unclench your clothespin and enjoy the high-speed rocket launch.
Experiment 4 "Air Race" Materials: sheets of paper Course of the experiment: with the help of air movement, objects can be moved. To test this, arrange paper races. Bend about 2–3 cm up on one side of a sheet of paper, place the flat side on a clean table. Each player must have such a "racing" list. Draw a finish line or use thread to serve as a finishing tape. On command, start waving the cardboard boxes behind the sheets of paper, moving them forward with air currents. As a variation of the game, you can use the strength of your breathing, at the same time you will train the nasolabial muscles, which is very useful for the development of the child's speech.
Experiment 5 "Air in a glass" Materials: a sheet of paper, a glass of water Course of the experiment: to keep the water in an inverted glass, pour water into the glass to the very edge. Cover the glass with a sheet of thick paper and, holding the paper with your palm, quickly turn the glass upside down. The air pressure on the paper is greater than the water pressure on it
Experiment 6 "Life jacket" Materials: tangerine with a peel, tangerine without a peel, a basin of water Course of the experiment: guess which of the tangerines will sink faster - with or without a peel? The question is posed incorrectly - only one will drown at all. No peel. And even despite the fact that the one in the peel is heavier, it will continue to float early, because he is wearing a "life jacket": there are many air bubbles in the peel, which work as lifeguards, pushing the sinking mandarin to the surface of the water ... The same principle can be seen using soda water and a piece of clay the size of a grain of rice. If you throw plasticine into a glass of carbonated water, it will first drown, and then float to the surface, covered with air bubbles. The effect will end when the gas is exhausted - the clay will sink.
Thank you for the attention
An interesting experiment "How to imagine a rocket launch?" Was described in a space box from "Two Palms".
The experiment requires the simplest things:
- balloon
- cocktail tube
- strong threads
- Scotch
The course of the experiment "Ball - rocket".
1. The thread needs to be tied somewhere higher - we hooked on the baguette.
2. Pass the other end of the thread through the tube.
3. Inflate the balloon and spin it without tying it.
4. Attach the ball with tape to the tube.
5. We pass the ball to the chief naturalist.
6. When the child releases the ball, the ball flies upward, like a real rocket. This is a very interesting sight.
This is how we launched our ball-rocket at all the familiar and newly discovered Olesya planets.
Explanation of the upward movement of the ball to the child: “The ball flies up the rope by pushing the air out. The rocket takes off from the Earth according to the same principle.
For teenagers, the answer to the question "Why does the rocket take off" will be different - see the answer of J. Perelman.
Tips for a successful ball launch - rockets:
1. Inflate the balloon as much as possible.
2. Attach the ball with tape, pointing the tail of the ball towards you (in the photo, the placement of the ball is incorrect).
3. Prepare as many balls as possible so that the experiment can be repeated over and over again.
And here you can watch a short video of our space experiment with the launch of a ball - a rocket:
Having worked hard on the creation of planets, cosmic bodies and tired of launching rockets, it's time to rest and "wiggle" your brains, guessing riddles. 
A simple and very beautiful trick "Rocket taking off" with a rocket taking off from a tea bag.
This trick is very popular with children and everyone who has not seen it before. No special skills are required to display it.
Before showing it, the presenter tells the audience a story. I read about this trick more than 10 years ago in some magazine. The story there was for adults and I didn't remember it very well. Therefore, when I showed the trick to my daughter, I came up with a story that can be told to a child myself.
“Aliens have arrived on our planet - to get acquainted with earthlings. When approaching the Earth, they had a technical failure, their instruments went out of order, and upon landing, their spacecraft collapsed. The aliens themselves were miraculously saved.
They met with earthlings, they really liked it on Earth, but they had to get ready to go home.
Can we help them go home?
We'll make a rocket for them and help them take off.
We take a double bag of tea, cut off the top of it where it is fastened with a paper clip (after cutting off the top, the bag should turn into a tube, i.e. the bags glued in the middle will not work for focus). Pour the tea into a cup or teapot.
We trim one edge of the tea bag with scissors so that the bag can be placed vertically and it stands steadily. The second edge can be left as it is, or you can bend its corners to the middle. Rita and I are still drawing a rocket on it with felt-tip pens.
Now we take the finished rocket to the cosmodrome (the safest thing is to go to the kitchen on the table), set it on the platform (on a saucer), set it on fire from above (you need to set it on fire very carefully so that the rocket does not fall, otherwise the focus will not work).
Attention: only adults can light a bag and make this experience!
And we begin the countdown: 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 - START!
Rita loves launching rockets so much that recently we even started drinking tea bags.
This trick can be demonstrated to children just like that, it is possible - when studying the laws of physics, when studying the topic "Space", as well as at an extracurricular event for Cosmonautics Day or when making crafts by April 12.
I thought that only toddlers liked this trick, and older children would not be surprised by them. Because those familiar with the laws of physics can easily explain this phenomenon.
When burning, the air heats up and rises up, forming a stream of hot air. When the bag is burnt and its weight becomes such that this stream can lift it, light remnants of the almost burnt bag also rise up.
But it turns out that this trick is liked not only by children, but also by adults.
Who cares, an example text of a focus with a flying tea bag for adults:
“The Russians built a rocket and flew on it to the moon. They flew in, and their rocket broke, there was no way to get back. We left it, and the Americans had already landed on the moon. We went to ask them to sell the rocket. They say they will sell for a million dollars. The Russians began to examine it (pick up a tea bag).
- What's this? - point to the tab.
- Head fairing, so that when entering the atmosphere, the air resistance is less.
- How much it costs?
- 300 thous.
- Nafig! (or more culturally: “We don’t need this”) - tear off the label.
- And what's that? - show the thread.
- It's a cable.
How much it costs?
- 300 thous.
“And we don’t need to cut the thread.
And what's that? - point to the top of the bag with a paper clip.
- This is a cabin for astronauts with the latest equipment!
- How much it costs?
- 300 thous.
- And we don’t need to - cut off the top of the bag.
- And what's that?
- Fuel.
- What is the price?
- 100 000.
And we don't need to - pour the tea leaves into the mug. Then straighten the rest of the bag to make a tube).
- And what's that?
- Fuel tank.
- What is the price?
- Why is it needed without fuel? Not at all.
- Then we take it! - place the bag vertically on the saucer, like a pipe.
The Russians got into it and commanded:
- Ignition! - light the bag on top with a match.
- Ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one, START! - the bag takes off without burning out.
For Cosmonautics Day, you can make or a visual study aid with your child.
Enjoy your creativity! Especially for blog readers "MORE creative ideas for children"(https: // site), sincerely yours, Yulia Sherstyuk
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Before the start of the thematic week, show your child a photo or presentation about planets, the solar system, space, read a thematic book.
- Making a rocket for space travel. A rocket can be made from chairs, pillows, boxes, cardboard, bottles, drawn, molded from plasticine, laid out from counting sticks, cubes, constructor.
Here are some examples of Rocket crafts:
- Play cosmonaut preparation for flight.
The test of the suit begins. Does the helmet fit comfortably on your head? (Turns, head tilts to the right, left, forward, backward, circular rotation of the head).
An astronaut can move through space using a device placed in a knapsack on his back. We check how tightly the satchel is held behind the back. (Circular motion, raising and lowering the shoulders).
Are the multiple zippers and buckles fastened well? (Turns and inclinations of the body to the right, left, forward, backward, circular movements of the body, inclinations to the feet).
Do the gloves fit snugly around your hands? (Rotational movements with the hands extended forward at chest level, alternating and simultaneous waving of the arms, raising the arms up in front of you with alternate flexion and extension of the hands, lower down through the sides, also alternately flexing and unbending the hands).
How does the radio work? (Half-squats, jumping on two legs in place).
Are your boots too tight? (Walking in a circle on toes, heels, outer and inner feet, from a toe, side canter to the right, left, step in single file).
Is the "heating system" of the spacesuit OK? Is it easy to breathe in it? (Inhale - hands up, exhale - hands down).
- Launch a rocket.
Slide a paper rocket onto a cocktail tube and blow into the tube until the rocket takes off:
Inflate a balloon - a rocket, glue a cocktail tube to it with tape. Pull a thread through the room, thread it through the tube. Now release the ball. Air will start to come out of it, and the ball will fly.
- Having become acquainted with the planets of the solar system, you can depict them in different ways.- mold from salt dough or plasticine, draw with prints of cut potatoes or a cork lid, lay out with buttons or plasticine, make a mobile from cardboard or felt figures.
We made the following drawing: we drew a starry sky by sprinkling white paint on black paper with a brush. Each planet separately, cut out and glued them to the starry sky.
The moon can be drawn like this. Cut a circle out of cardboard, draw circles - craters on it with wax crayons, and then paint over the entire Moon with watercolors.
Flashlight "Constellation". Draw constellations on black cardboard, make holes in the places where the stars are located. Glue the resulting cards onto paper cupcake tins, place them on a flashlight, and tie them with string. Now light a flashlight in a dark room and point it at the wall to get a projection of the constellation.
We decided to tell you what experiments can be done with air and indoors.
Non-flowing water
Take two bottles and insert a funnel into each bottle. On one of the bottles, coat the neck around the funnel with plasticine so that there is no gap or hole. First, pour a little into a bottle without plasticine - it gets inside without hindrance.
Now try filling a bottle with plasticine - except for a few drops of water, nothing else will get into the bottle! And all because the air in this container does not have the ability to get out of there
through the cracks between the neck and the funnel. And the force of air pressure in the bottle is greater than the force of gravity pulling down from the funnel, so the water remains in the funnel - until you make at least a tiny hole between the neck and the funnel.
Rocket launch
This fun will be interesting to the kid for a long time. Pull a thread between two chairs located at opposite ends of the room, after passing it through the juice tube. Inflate the balloon and pinch the end with a clothespin to keep air out. Draw portholes on the ball with a felt-tip pen and write, for example, "Union". Using tape, glue the ball to the tube and pull it to one end of the stretched thread. Unclench your clothespin and enjoy the high-speed rocket launch.
You can clearly see the whole process in this video made by foreign enthusiasts. In principle, everything is clear without translation. / P>
Dancing coin
Surprise your baby with this trick - put a large coin on top of a bottle with a long neck, after having moistened the rim of the neck. Place the coin bottle in the bowl. Start pouring warm water into the basin. You will see how the coin starts to move and even bounce - this is due to the fact that the air expands from the heat and tries to escape from the bottle, pushing the coin while doing so.
Air racing
With the help of air movement, objects can be moved. To test this, arrange paper races. Bend about 2-3 cm up on one side of a sheet of paper, put the flat side on a clean table. Each player must have such a "racing" list. Draw a finish line or use thread to serve as a finishing tape. On command, start waving the cartons behind the sheets of paper, moving them forward with air currents.
As a variation of the game, you can use the strength of your breathing, at the same time you will train the nasolabial muscles, which is very useful for the development of the child's speech.
Singing air
Show your child how to play music with bottles. If you blow over the neck of an empty bottle, the air inside it vibrates and makes a sound. Arrange several bottles in a row with different amounts of water in them. The more water, the correspondingly less air will remain in the bottle, and the less air, the faster it vibrates and the higher the sound is. Guided by this principle, you can try to reproduce some simple melody.
Air weight
Does your young researcher doubt the existence of such an invisible substance as air? Then do a little experiment. Take a stick and two identical balloons. Hang the stick exactly in the middle, and hang equally inflated balls around the edges. The stick hangs straight, which means the balls weigh the same. Now pierce one of the balls with a needle, it will burst and release air. What's going on with the stick? It will immediately tilt towards the inflated balloon, because it is heavier than the empty one, which means that air exists and even has weight!
Life vest
Guess which of the oranges will sink faster - with or without the peel? The question is posed incorrectly - only one will drown at all. No peel. And even despite the fact that the one in the peel is heavier, it will continue to float early, because he is wearing a "life jacket": there are many air bubbles in the peel, which work as lifeguards, pushing the sinking orange to the surface of the water ...
The same principle can be seen using soda water and a piece of clay the size of a grain of rice. If you throw plasticine into a glass of carbonated water, it will first drown, and then float to the surface, covered with air bubbles. The effect will end when the gas is exhausted - the clay will sink.
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