Each person since childhood understands that the weather is constantly changing, changes are felt both in air temperature and in strength and direction of the wind. There are smooth changes in the state of weather conditions, and there are those that wear a sharp and unexpected character. It depends on many conditions. The periods of changing the weather are associated with the rotation of the earth both around their axis and around the sun. Seasonal weather types are replaced by unexpected variables. Daily changes are very visible on the ground surface. Day Air temperature is always warmer than at night. Also, changes are associated with air movement from one area of \u200b\u200bthe planet to another. So the northern Arctic winds bring cold, and south wind Changes the weather on a warmer and pleasant, but humidity and numerous precipitation can bring air from the tropics.
What is the weather?
This concept is a description of the atmospheric state at a particular point, which distinguishes it from the term "climate" denoting averaged atmospheric status indicators of this region per round year. The weather is formed at the bottom of the land atmosphere, which is called the troposphere, and next layer - Stratosphere. Approximately a height of 50 km.
Weather types are affected by atmospheric pressure, wind power, its direction, presence or absence of clouds, rain - rain or snow, humidity, fog and many other meteorological processes.
Types of weather
Often the description of the weather is based on its main features. This is the presence of wind, sun, clouds or clouds, precipitation. At any point ground surface People see almost identical weather changes. Only in warm countries precipitation is rain, and in nordic regions - Snow. We highlight several types of weather existing on our big planet.
1. Clear weather. For this type, a bright light sky is characterized, without clouds or with a minor amount.
2. Cloud. With such a type of weather, small clarifications are characterized, often accompanied by shrins and thunderstorms.
3. Cloudy. Accompanied by low layered clouds and short-term frosting rains, dampness and fogs.
4. Bad. This type of weather is accompanied by numerous clouds, precipitation, harsh winds with gusts. Winter - blizzard.
What does it mean?
This is basically an anticyclonal weather type. In winter, clear days are occurring after a sharp arrival of the cold and the moderation of the wind strength. Strong frost It is possible to observe in Russia in Siberia, when the air temperature drops to -30 degrees into clear windless days. Air humidity during this period is too small, so precipitation almost does not happen. Dry weather is observed even during cyclones.
In the European part of Russia, this is rarely observed. There are often observed southern air flowwho carry with them the humidity strong fogs and low clouds.
In the warmth of the year clear weather happens in places where very heat air. The heat contributes to the fact that the air is deprived of the slightest moisture. Such weather says about Anticyclone. Although in such heat and with humidity up to 30% and in cyclones may not fall out.
Cloudy with clarification
This is the predominant type of weather for the summer warm period. From the places with a lower temperature, the cool air enters the area with a good warm and warm surface Earth. This leads to the formation of convective air flows up. As a result, cumulative and brown clouds are formed, which, gradually gaining power, discharged by shower.
In the clouds after the rain, enlightened areas appear. In Russia, such unstable weather prevails during the warm periods of the year. This type of weather is characteristic of the Lower Volga. There are often livne in spring. Thanks to the plots with enlightenment, it may sometimes rain go only in one area of \u200b\u200bthe city and be the weather is clear in the other.
Frowning weather
This type is characterized by the presence of low layered clouds, frequent frosting rains or snow. This is the predominant type of weather for winter in Russia and throughout Europe. Warm air Anticyclone from southern edges is steel along the cold surface and cooled. because of high humidity Fog and layered clouds are formed, which are low above the ground surface.
Weak uplink air flows are highly raised, so the vertical power of these clouds is small and covers the lowest edge of the troposphere. Cloudy weather is usually accompanied by morning fogs and drinkers. This zone of blurred atmospheric fronts may be part of the sector of the initial stages of cyclonic perturbations.
Bad weather
Such a cyclone weather type is characteristic of zones both cold and warm fronts. In rainy weather there is an active and numerous cloud formation, abundant sediments both in summer and in winter. Also observed a strong impusty wind. If bad weather happens in winter, then accompanied by snowstorms, snowy drifts. The duration of such a state of the atmosphere continues until cyclonic atmospheric front Located above this area of \u200b\u200bthe earth's surface.
Such types of weather in Russia are found in Western Siberia., as well as in the winter and in the European part, especially the northern and central regions. In the south, there are cases of rainy weather extremely rare.
There are many more divisions of weather by various types. There is a gradation for air temperature. It is from the extremely hot to the cool in the warm season and from thawed to the extremely frosty in winter.
There are still medical predictions that take into account the influence of weather conditions, atmospheric pressure And the wind strength on the human well-being and warn people in their forecasts. It is very important because many people react to change weather conditions.
People often cannot navigate and call the ordinary things that are faced daily. We, like the scouts, "eye is closed." We can argue about high matters, complex technologies, but to say what weather phenomena is not in a state. Of course, this is not an indicator of illiteracy. Rather, these concepts are so habit and natural that they do not need, as it seems to us in interpretation. Indeed, why give the definition of what is so understandable, without any increasing words? And each of us heard a story about the weather in school. Perhaps answered without a knock on the appropriate teacher's questions. But now everything is worn in memory. Let's restore knowledge so as not to get to come!
What it is?
Probably, this is the most difficult question. Weather phenomena are all what happens in the toposphere, forming under the influence of climatic and natural factors. They can be periodic and spontaneous. It all depends on the circumstances. Form under influence - daily and annual. It is necessary to describe them separately. For the completeness of the picture, some examples must also be given. So, the weather phenomena is precipitation (all), wind, rainbow and listed can be further. Now you probably understood what it was about. This is what directly affects all living organisms on Earth, then from which, ultimately, the development of plants depends, and therefore the existence of the animal world (together with us).
Rain
The story of weather phenomena can be started with water droplets, which fall from time to time to our head. This process is not entirely self-independent. The fact is that water is in permanent motion. She goes from one aggregate state To another. In the form of a couple, we see it in the sky (clouds and clouds). But at a certain point, it goes into a liquid state and shed to earth with rain or shower. Such weather phenomena in summer (in warm time) are observed more often than in winter. It rains are different: ordinary, protracted, storm, "blind", short-term, mushroom, and so on. And this is not just poetic epithets. These terms indicate the characteristics of the rain. For example, protracted is an adjective means that it goes long, without ceasing. Shower has an increased intensity, during a certain period, water falls more than during other precipitation. We are all loved by mushroom (blind) rain. It snaps against the background of sunlight. Clouds do not cover the shining. Short-term rain flies suddenly and quickly passes. Most often it is difficult to predict in advance.
Snow
Consider weather phenomena in children's team Obviously, they fall out in the cold season. Water located in gaseous condition In the high layers of the atmosphere, bypassing the layers of low temperatures, freezes. Snowflakes are obtained proper geometric shape. Each of them is individual, unique. But they all have six rays with needles at the ends. These are frozen water molecules. Snow has great importance For vegetable and animal world. He plays the role of a "warm blanket", shelting the land and in it root systems From cold. Small animals are hidden in it. Still snow creates a "stock" of water for spring. When the Earth begins to warm up, the plants wake up and require moisture for development. Her melting snow gives them.
Wind
The movement of the mass of air, which is parallel to the earth's surface, forms this weather phenomenon. Causes its temperature difference. Class wind in speed, duration and exposure capacity. For several months monsime blows. They are caused by seasonal temperature differences. Passat - winds that never stop. They are constant. Causes their difference in air temperature in various latitudes. In addition, the geography of the terrain (mountains and steppe, ocean) is also affected. Air is never static. He is constantly moving by changing the direction. This is due to the uneven distribution of atmospheric pressure. The wind blows from areas with a high indicator towards those zones where it is lower.
Grad.
This is another type of precipitation. He should not be confused with snow. Grad - ice floes falling from the sky. He can go not only in frosty days. If the snow is obtained by frozen water passing through low temperature layers, the hail is formed upstairs in the clouds. Ice particles themselves may have different size - From a few millimeters to a centimeter and even more. Unusual ice precipitations Often describe those who explore abnormal weather phenomena. In the summer, Grad can bring a lot of harm to agricultural enterprises. Ice balls harm plants, and they can completely destroy the harvest. Therefore, the weather and weather phenomena are so important for Agrrays. Special service is based on forecasts to prevent negative consequences precipitation or winds. People learned how to fight with cumulative clouds in which hail originates. They produce special charges, forcing it to shed rain to the formation of ice-grade floors.
Fog
This phenomenon is represented by small droplets of water or parts of ice, which is collected at the surface of the Earth. Fog has a different density. Sometimes it strongly reduces visibility than dangerous for drivers and passengers. It is formed due to contact of air flows having different temperature. In this case, the atmospheric moisture forms fog particles. Most often, he is observed near water bodies where enough evaporations. But in places with small humidity can be formed. This is explained by the human activity. Fuel, burning, leads to condensation of water vapor, which can cause the appearance of fog.
Frost
Another type of precipitation. It is formed when the daily temperature fluctuate is high enough. That is, in the afternoon warmth, and moisture evaporates quickly. And at night the temperature drops, then water is settled by droplets on earth and plants, and those in turn freeze. Most often, others cover items with low thermal conductivity. It can be observed on the grass, wood, land. The wind prevents the formation of Inea. It just carries the wet air. There are so much interesting cases Drop by this type of precipitation. Referred to their inneeva flowers. These are the accumulations of ice crystals of various shapes that cover individual sections of surfaces. They really resemble flowers and plants.
Rainbow
It is impossible to pass by this phenomenon, studying the weather phenomena. In the summer, the rainbow often appears after or during the rain. sunlight Refracted through the droplets, like on lenses. It turns out that physicists are called an interference phenomenon. White light form 7 colors (spectrum). But this does not mean that everything will be visible to the human eye. The viewer of the rainbow is in the form of a multicolor rocker, whose ends tend to land (but do not concern it). It appears only when the sun shines at the same time and it's raining. You can also see it from a fountain or waterfall. Rainbow - the phenomenon is very beautiful and impressive.
Weather signs
Since changes in the state of the atmosphere are important for many people, special services We study it, predicting and notifying the population about their conclusions. Now you can see such information on various specialized resources, in newspapers and magazines. In order to unify the data, the designations of weather phenomena were created. They are understandable to people talking and thinking in any language. For example, seeing snowflake, any will understand what to expect. The rain is denoted by droplets, the wind - the arrow, next to which special indicators (speed and direction) are written. The rainbow in special forecasts is depicted by a short curved curve, a triangle. Thunderstorms, it is customary to draw in which it often accompanies. There are other, special signs.
How to tell children about nature phenomena
Parents often encounter such a problem. They are difficult ordinary things to clothe into lexical forms. Probably makes sense to start creating a plan. Weather phenomena can be talked short or detail. It is advisable to spend several "lessons" so that the child remembers the material. Moreover, in life, it will be constantly in life. Topic: "Weather phenomena" for children is very interesting, especially if you submit information along with examples. Well, if you show them "in natural conditions", Not, so at least prepare pictures. The fact is that it is easier to perceive this rather complicated material. Yes, yes, do not be surprised. This is us, adults, everything is clear, and the kids need to learn a lot. Topic: "Weather phenomena" for children younger age Still a little complicated. So, for example, what to talk about the rainbow? The physics of the kid in the garden has not yet studied, do not know anything about the light. You can spend experience with a pyramid and try to explain in simple words, what's happening. And better, of course, see any phenomenon with your own eyes. Breeding now there is no shortage of video materials containing such information. They necessarily need to use.
Overall plan
Weather phenomena need to be told harmoniously and consistently. The fact is that they are all interconnected, sometimes born due to the same reasons. So that the children understand what flows out, you need to adhere to logic. It is recommended to start with winds. For them to consider precipitation - from simple to complex. If the child understands how it turns out to rain, the sources of hail with snow will also lose. A more complex will be the appearance of fog and ynei. Perhaps you have to just point out their existence without going into the origins. They can be considered later when the child is working for the necessary basic knowledge.
In order for the attention of the defers to not scattered (like that fog), it is necessary to "dilute" the stories with such facts that helped them to focus, caused interest. In this case, weather phenomena may become such. This is a kind of transition from the "boring" theory to practice. If you are talking about the rain, then you can see that the harbingers of his appearance will be clouds or clouds. Of course, this is a kind of trick, but for understanding the process this fact Important. In addition, children will be interested folk signsthat exist practically for any of the phenomena. To the rain - swallows low fly, the wind dust raises the post. But the burgundy sunset says that the hurricane is planned. It will take a lot. If you accompany such examples a story about the weather phenomena, then with the memorization there will be no problems. And it is recommended to repeat the material whenever changes in the weather occur.
What is the weather? This is all what is happening at the moment outside the window: whether it rains, whether the sun shines, warm on the street or cold. The weather can be very volatile even for one day. In the morning you can extend from the morning coolness, the day to suffer from the heat, and in the evening - to get into the thread under torrential rain.
Weather definition
If we talk scientificThe weather is the state of the atmosphere on some particular territory at a certain period of time. The atmosphere is an air sheath globe.
The weather is characterized by such indicators as:
- temperature and humidity of air;
- atmosphere pressure;
- strength and direction of wind;
- precipitation.
One of the rare and very dangerous weather phenomena is a tornado. This is the strongest whirlwind, which looks like a huge pillar, descending on the ground from the thunderstorm clouds. Most often it is formed during a strong thunderstorm. Tornado sweeps everything in its path, and it is impossible to hide from him.
Fig. 1. Tornado
The weather directly depends not only on the time of year and day, but also on which site the planet is this place, from moving air masses and many other indicators.
The weather is not stable, and can change not only by season, but also for short periods of time.
Top 4 Articleswho read with this
Main weather indicators
As the weather is a combination of several basic indicators, it is necessary to consider each of them.
- Temperature
The sun heats the air and, thus, affects the temperature testimony. It is positive (above 0 degrees Celsius) and negative (below 0 degrees). On her testimony big influence Remote aerial massesthat endlessly move. Samoa cold dot Planets is Antarctica, and the hottest is the Libyan desert in Africa.
- Atmospheric pressure and wind
The air shell puts pressure on the ground surface, and is called atmospheric. This is a non-permanent value, and due to the pressure difference, the wind is formed - the rapid flow of air.
- Precipitation
Water under influence sun heat evaporates, and a lot of moisture falls into the air. It is cooled, forming moisture droplets that are going to rain clouds. Thus, precipitates are formed, which can fall on the ground in the form of a hail, shower, snow, dew, and inlet or fog.
Fig. 2. Shine
Why need to study the weather?
The science studying the weather is called meteorology. Thanks modern research Humanity got the opportunity to find out in advance what to expect from the weather in the coming days.
All the information you need is going to meteorological stations, aircraft, sea ships, space satellites. Based on the data obtained, synoptic maps are created.
Fig. 3. Meteorological station
Weather forecast make up not only to find out how to dress on the street and take an umbrella with you. It is of great importance for transportation, agricultural work and certain types of industries. And thanks to the timely prediction of tornado, floods and other natural Disasters You can save a lot of human lives.
01.04.2013 11:33
Despite the huge selection of Internet sites about the weather, only a few of them use their own forecasts. For example, it is not necessary that the weather on Sinoptik.ua can be clarified by Yandex, as both services, like hundreds of others, use Finnish data meteorological service Foreca.
Also hardly significant differences In the forecast will be at the British BBC and Russian RP5 . Both services enjoy the data of the British Meteorological BureauMetOffice.
And here are the American giants asWeather Underground, Accuweather, Weather Channel Build their forecasts based on the American numerical prediction model GFS (Global Forecast System).
Strictly speaking, today in the world there are three main global numerical weather forecasting models, or atmospheric hydrodynamic models. That is, data from all meteorological stations of the world, satellites, ships and other systems are analyzed, collected and treated with three main methods based on nonlinear equations.
In the city of Reading in United Kingdom there is an ECMWF model office (European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). It is this prediction model that Foreca uses one of the world's leading providers of the "weather" content. Today, this model is the newest, quickly develops and gained the fame of the leader with the accuracy of long-term forecasts.
The UKMET model is the brainchild of the oldest meteorological service of the world MetOffice - British government meteoobyuro. It is believed that it is richer than others by scientific potential and gives the most accurate short-term forecast.
As for American GFS, it has the biggest coverage (almost the entire globe) and, according to experts, is the most conservative. The GFS model is operated on by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) - National Center US atmospheric and ocean studies. Now the initial GFS data is in open free access on American servers. Nevertheless, experts argue that for our latitudes it is the least adapted, since it does not take into account the snow covers.
The hydrodynamic atmospheric model is a unique, complex and expensive product that exists in a single instance. One run model takes several hours of processor time on a supercomputer. Therefore, for meteorological service different countries and commercial organizations The owners provide access not to the model itself, but to the final results of the calculations: global fields of meteorological values \u200b\u200bon the planet for different heights At different points in time.
In turn, weather services can use their interpolation algorithms and presenting the settlement data of the model. Therefore, differences in weather forecasts arise even where they take the same model as the basis.
Many meteoreracessions combine these major global models and use a variety of additional "wind amendments" from leading world meteorological organizations.
It is quite a unique product of American and Indian programmers with computational facilities in Denmark and Germany.
- 7. http://www.intellicast.com.
Professional American Metexite for the most advanced users with its own forecast based on the GFS model coverage over the entire globe. The resource belongs to Weather Services International (WSI), which is part of the Weather Channel group of companies. WSI claims that they own the world's largest commercial meteorological database, collaborating with USA, Canada, Japan and Great Britain. These forecasts enjoy the majority of world airlines, the resource supplies weather content for 60,000 media and energy sector companies.
The non-English-speaking user of the site when looking for weather in his city should not forget to switch from the Fahrenheit scale on Celsius.
In addition, Intellicast specializes in providing information about hurricanes and tornadoes. It is here that most ordinary Americans receive warnings about impending natural disasters.
- 8. http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/
The Weather Air Force of the Air Force from one of the world's leading news agencies appeared online in 1997 and provides weather information under the license of the British Meteorological Service Metofichce, that is, uses the prognostic model of UKMET. The Meteorological British Bureau is the oldest weather service in the world: it was founded in 1854, and in 1861 introduced the first official weather forecast for English newspapers. Now the forecast is made up for 5,000 cities in the world. What is the most interesting, it is short-term forecasts from the Air Force that are the most accurate for Kiev for reviews on the Internet.
- 9. WWW.WEATHER.COM.
Service of the American television channel about the weather The Weather. Channel (TWC), now transformed into a huge corporation. The channel began its broadcast in 1982, and the site opened in 1995. What is noteworthy, the founder of the Canal John Colman is the leading criticism of the theory global warming. Naturally, Americans use the GFS forecast model. Weather.com replays the search engine Yahoo, and from the features of the resource - various specialized services, for example, forecasts for gardeners with plants care tips. Unfortunately, the data is represented only on the Fahrenheit scale, so the resource is not popular in our latitudes. But for the inhabitants of the Western Hemisphere - this is No. 1.
- 10. http://www.accuweather.com.
American Commercial Weather Service based on the GFS model with 2 million locations around the world in the database. The company was founded in 1962, and the site appeared in 1995. Now the service specializes in paid Services For meteorologists, selling predicted content in the form of XML files and the development of a convenient "weather" software for PC, smartphones and tablets. As for ordinary users, here you can find a clock forecast and much more for well-own English. For Russian-speaking, wishing to learn the forecast for american model GFS and enjoy the deployed weather services, - Website WunderGround.com, where you can even "remove" data from one of 25,000 world weather stations.
On the Internet there are dozens of sites providing meteodens, but only the units of them use their own forecasts. Many services extract information from the same resources. We decided to figure out which services are the most reliable information.
Sinoptik .ua. - Ukrainian meteosite with the most accurate weather data. Resource provides information for all settlements Ukraine, as well as for more than 100 thousand large cities World. Forecasts long-term perspective It is taken from the Finnish meteorological service Foreca, and the actual data comes online from the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center. In addition, Sinoptik .ua has comfortable cards Weather on specified routes and provides information on water temperature in black, Mediterranean and other European seas.
Meteo .gov .ua It is one of the most accurate sites providing weather information. The service is a forecast based on monitoring of about 10 thousand ground meteorological stations, about 200 of which are located in the territory of the Ukrainian state. Information is also supplied to the Hydrometeorological Center of 1,000 Aerological Stations, 100 drifting stations, 600 buoys and data from space satellites. The forecast is drawn up for all settlements of Ukraine and the largest European cities for the next 5 days.
Pogoda .yandex .ru. It is among the top ten most accurate weather sites in the world. Weather information for the site provides the Finnish Foreca service, which is engaged in the preparation of the ECMWF model. The resource is meteidata for more than 12 thousand cities in 228 countries. Foreca also collaborates with Google, Microsoft, airlines and other organizations. The first paid content for mobile devices meteorological service has launched in 1997. In Yandex, the company supplies information about average temperature All over the planet online. The resource has a convenient and intuitive interface, where you can get acquainted with the weather forecast for the next 10 days.
BBC .co .uk. - lead site with the most accurate predictions About the weather worldwide. Online resource has become operational since 1997. The news agency provides a weather forecast under the license of the British Meteorological Service Metoficce, specializing in the prognostic model of UKMET. Metoficce is one of the oldest world services, the foundation of which occurred in 1854. The first information on weather forecasts appeared in English newspapers in 1861, thanks to the Meteorological British Bureau. The meteorological service is a weather index for 5 thousand cities in the world. BBC short-term forecasts are considered the most accurate in the world.
American Meteosite. Intellicast..com is one of the most accurate weather sites in the world. It is based on the GFS model and is able to make a forecast at any point of the globe. The owner of the meteorological service is Weather Services International (WSI), which is included in Weather Channel Corporation. WSI owns the world's largest commercial meteorological database. She cooperates with the United States, Canada, Japan and the UK. Most of The world's airlines enjoy this particular resource to clarify weather conditions. The service provides weather content for 60 thousand media and energy sector companies. The site has the opportunity to learn weather both on the Fahrenheit scale and Celsius. In addition, the site provides information on impending tornadoes and hurricanes. For Americans, the Intellicast .com is a source of warning of impending natural disasters.
Accuweather .com. - One of the most accurate American sites about the weather. The informer is a commercial weather service based on the GFS model, which supplies a forecast for 3 million settlements around the world. It was founded in 1962 by Joelem Mares, and her site appeared in 1995. First, the predictions of the service were transferred through television and published in the media. At the moment, the company specializes in paid services for meteorologists, sells predicted content in the form of XML files, and also leads to the development of a comfortable weather software for PCs and mobile devices. The site contains the weather forecast for the hour. In addition, here you can find many useful informationwhich is available for owning english language. The forecast for the site is prepared for a month, and all data with regular frequency is updated.
Weather .com. - One of the most accurate sites about the weather worldwide. Among Americans, this resource is the most popular. The former service of the American television channel about the weather The Weather Channel (TWC) turned into a global corporation. The channel began its broadcasting in 1982, and his site appeared only in 1995. The founder of the canal was the leading critic of the theory of global warming John Kolman. Forecasts from Weather .com are broadcast search engine Yahoo. The resource has its own characteristics in the form of various specialized services. For example, the site contains forecasts for gardeners and recommendations for vegetation crops. All data are presented on the Fahrenheit scale, so in Russia, the resource is not popular. Nevertheless, the site provides a forecast for 100 thousand cities of the entire planet.
Gismeteo .ru.it is one of the most accurate weather forecast sites. In Russia, this resource is the leader in attendance among other weather sites. The service clarifying the forecast to 4 times a day. In this regard, the site regularly comes up fresh, current information. The forecast for Gismeteo. RU concluded for up to 30 days. Here visitors can also view the animated weather maps for any regions of the planet.
METEOWEB .RU It ranks second among the most accurate sites about the weather in Russia. The project is an independent resource, which was created 20 years ago by astronomers and meteorologists. The site provides information on the forecast for the long term: here you can find out the weather status for a week or the next 10 days. In addition, METEOWEB .RU predicts the state of the meteorological field for meeting-dependent people And makes recommendations for them.
Meteoinfo .ru. It is the most accurate weather service that represents the weather information. The resource is the official website of the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia. It provides information on weather conditions for 5 thousand cities of the country. This meteorological station He keeps its work since 1930, which allows you to judge its huge experience in weather predictions. The site provides weather data in Europe for the next 48 hours. Also on Meteoinfo. Ru can be found in the forecast archive.
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