How many wonderful holidays our calendars know, but there are some among them, the importance of which many people greatly underestimate. One of them - .
World Meteorological Day - Caring for Humanity
In 1961, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) announced 23 march a solemn holiday for all meteorologists in the world. Since then, many events have occurred that have significantly influenced humanity's current knowledge of the Earth's climate.
Interestingly, 2014 was the warmest year on record. global climate... Rapid warming on Earth has been going on for more than 35 years, and the highest rates were recorded precisely in the 21st century. Record temperature marks are seen in Europe, North America and in the east of Eurasia, and the warmth of the ocean last year amazed even the most skeptical of meteorologists.
WMO Secretary General Michel Jarraud noted that climate change affect every person on our planet. Starting from tourism and agriculture, ending with the development of countries and cities, as well as health care - the weather always makes adjustments in people's lives.
Annual celebration World meteorological day traditionally celebrated under a specific motto. In 2017, it was: “Knowledge of the climate as a basis for action on climate”. And in 2018, the motto was “Prepare for the weather, take into account the climate”. British scientists have conducted serious research into the impact of human activities on changes in weather and climate. Thanks to the qualitatively new knowledge about the Earth's climate, today weather forecasts 5 days ahead is as accurate as the forecasters' promises 25 years ago 2 days ahead. Michel Jarraud proudly announced this in his interview to correspondents.
Climate knowledge saves lives
In the 1960s, the budget allocated by WMO to deal with the consequences of natural disasters in the world was about $ 4 billion per year. Today this amount has increased 10 times! But such a huge figure is fully justified - according to statistics, almost 80% of all cataclysms depend on climate change.
The international cooperation of the WMO Offices in the field of observation and study of hydrometeorology makes it possible to qualitatively plan any events in the field of aviation, shipping, agriculture and other human activities. In Russia, the representative of this worldwide system is Roshydromet, which has a whole network of hydrometeorological stations in several regions of the country.
Solemn celebration 23 March World Meteorological Day in Russia, by tradition, it was marked by a meeting of colleagues and veteran meteorologists, who are congratulated by representatives of the authorities, cooperating enterprises and educational institutions.
A lot depends on the weather outside: plans for soon, mood and even well-being in meteorological people... Realizing this, humanity in time immemorial began to monitor the weather, which over time made it possible to identify certain patterns and make more or less accurate forecasts... This is how the profession of a meteorologist appeared. And here professional holiday people observing the weather - World Meteorology Day - appeared much later.
The importance of forecasts
An accurate weather forecast is necessary not only to know whether to take an umbrella with you tomorrow or not. The tasks of meteorology are much larger.
Due to the different natural disasters(hurricanes, floods, etc.) world economy annually suffers millions of losses. Knowing about an impending disaster allows people to prepare as much as possible. This means that the amount of losses will be significantly less.
Meteorology plays a very important role in the transport sector. It is in view of the weather forecasts that the flights of aircraft and ships are delayed or postponed. A bad weather warning can help avoid serious disasters and save thousands of lives.
From the above, it becomes clear that it is difficult to overestimate the role of meteorology in the life of society, so it was decided to annually celebrate the professional holiday of people who are engaged in leaving weather forecasts. Celebrate it 23 march because it was on this spring day in 1950 that the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) was created.
A bit of history
Meteorology is a very ancient science. Ancient Greeks are considered its founders. In the fourth century BC, Aristotle's book "Meteorology" was published, in which the scientist explained the origin of such phenomena as rain, hail, wind, etc. winds, and gave the main signs by which you can make a short-term weather forecast.
However, not only scientists and thinkers were involved in meteorological issues, but also the most ordinary people... It was the experience of generations that made it possible to develop a large number of folk example related to weather events. Interestingly, most of these will actually "work".
Systematic observations of the weather in Russia began to be carried out in the 17th century. With the development of technology, people have become various devices for determining the basic parameters of the weather: the strength and direction of the wind, the level of humidity, atmospheric pressure, etc.
Over time, a whole network of stations was created on the planet, built for meteorological observations... And after launch artificial satellites Earth, observations began to be carried out from space.
How is it celebrated?
WMO celebrates Meteorology Day each year with a theme. According to this theme, a motto is being developed, as well as a number of educational and promotional activities are being carried out. Here are several options for the themes under which the international holiday was held:
- "Warning about natural disasters and minimization of their destructive consequences ”;
- "Polar Regions: Understanding global impacts for the weather ";
- "Climate of the future", etc.
So, meteorology is one of the most ancient sciences, which in our time has critical importance in the life of society.
One of the most significant achievements of WMO is the development and launch of a global climate research program. This made it possible to increase the accuracy of forecasts and significantly reduce the level of losses arising from negative weather events.
Many spheres of human activity depend on weather conditions. In order to prepare in advance for its changes, it is necessary to have a reliable forecast. It is based on collected data and mathematical models. A professional holiday is dedicated to specialists engaged in this field - the Day of the Hydrometeorologist.
When celebrate
The Day of Workers of the Hydrometeorological Service of Russia is celebrated annually on March 23. It is not a national holiday. Celebrated for the 11th time in 2019. The event was established by the Decree of the President Russian Federation dated 19.05.2008 No. 812 "On the Day of workers of the hydrometeorological service". The document was signed by D. Medvedev.
Who is celebrating
All employees of the department, regardless of their rank, position and length of service, are involved in the events on the occasion of the Day of Workers of the Hydrometeorological Service. Among them are employees of weather control stations, observatories, laboratories, service personnel, researchers, workers of information resources dedicated to weather conditions.
The holiday is considered by teachers, students, graduate students, graduates of specialized educational institutions... Their relatives, friends, acquaintances and close people join the celebration.
History and traditions of the holiday
The event was first celebrated in 2009, after the publication of the corresponding Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on May 19, 2008. The holiday is one of the youngest. Its date has symbolic meaning... It is timed to coincide with the formation of the World Meteorological Organization in 1950.
The tradition implies a feast with colleagues, friends, relatives, acquaintances, close people. Congratulations are made to the heroes of the occasion. Toasts, wishes of health and success in responsible work are heard. Those gathered discuss the news, share their accumulated experience, talk about everyday work, exchange gifts. Among them are souvenir and thematic products.
Events are transferred from classrooms to cafes and restaurants. The management rewards employees with certificates and valuable gifts. For outstanding services, by presidential decree, he is awarded the title "Honored Meteorologist of the Russian Federation." Attached to it Chest sign made of silver, in the form of a composition of oak and laurel branches. The carriers are employees who have made a significant contribution to the monitoring. the environment, its use in sectors of the economy and training.
The Day of Workers of the Hydrometeorological Service of Russia in 2019 is marked by events in cultural institutions. On their stage, the leadership of the structure and creative teams... TV and radio stations broadcast stories about the profession. They tell about everyday work, the main characters talk about the work of weather stations and making forecasts.
About the profession
Employees of the hydrometeorological service collect and process information about weather conditions... With the help of instruments, readings of temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed sensors are recorded. Their tasks include compiling meteorological forecasts for a certain period of time. For this, the computing power of computers is used, which contain mathematical models of atmospheric processes.
The accuracy of predictions faces a fundamental limitation. Their validity has been proven to be limited to 21 days. This is due to the nonlinearity of the laws that govern air phenomena and the emergence of chaotic regimes. The profession of a hydrometeorologist is associated with the need for deep knowledge of the natural sciences.
Meteorologist is a rare profession:
Nerves are strong, intuition is accurate,
The people around are all ungrateful -
It is believed that only untalented people here are ignorant.
But how wrong they are, they themselves do not know.
You are all in science, they are guessing.
Cyclones, precipitation and wind roses
To know - you need a doctor's degree.
And let someone say that you are charlatans,
They will predict will try thunderstorms, tsunamis
And let them work night and day -
After that we will not find them even with fire.
We to you, the weather prediction masters,
We wish you to be on a strong platoon less often,
Peace of mind - we need an accurate forecast,
So as not to freeze a warm nose in winter.
Who will make the forecast accurate
Who will predict a hurricane?
Only he is a meteorologist
He knows the count of cyclones.
On your holiday, I wish you happiness
Only sunny weather
Cash hurricanes
Let the income increase.
I want meteorologists
Congratulations on their glorious day.
The forecast is excellent for the whole year
It's fun for you to compose.
Let them be not scary in life
Rains, storms and blizzards.
And they will only be next to you
Loved your hands.
In the work of joy, victories,
Love your science.
With cyclones, fronts
Let there be no time for boredom.
All over the world congratulate
On this day today is you.
Everyone celebrates your holiday.
Meteorologists - you are top class!
After all, any weather forecast
You always predict
And at any time of the year
Tell us everything about her.
On the preservation of nature
You must take care
Well, we wish you
Happiness, joy, love!
Long years, who's health,
So that in any bad weather,
Despite all the hardships
Your prediction came true!
Meteorologist, happy holiday!
We hope the forecast does not fail.
Let the cyclone stay away.
Happy light awaits you only for the sun!
Don't forget to predict the weather for us.
After all, the life plan depends on it.
And we is in a hurry to wish you well
And just out of fun hurricane!
Rain dances in the morning through the puddles.
The winds sing with polyphony,
And the atmospheric front will whirl
My greetings to the forecasters.
May the festive date of March
Before you on the table will spread
Have fun with your colorful card!
And he will offer to drink to her ...
Let with lightning, with spring thunder
Thunderstorm happiness will be poured on you!
And you will leave the umbrella at home,
Not believing my prediction.
Listen to us, weather!
Forecasters on edge
Don't break today
Obey the forecast.
Meteorology day
Defies logic
But congratulations sincerely
All of you, experts.
May everything come true for you
The predictions never end
And cash flow
The rains are knocking on the windows.
Meteorologists today
Celebrate their special day
Congratulate from the bottom of my heart, guys,
On a wonderful holiday, you are not lazy.
I want to wish you cyclones
Kindness, love, good luck,
Let the storms of money help
Solve all tasks for you.
Good weather
Always happy in your hearts
I wish you victories and happiness,
And the mood is just ah!
We can't go anywhere without meteorology,
The weather is always important to us
We must know for sure
Today is the sun or a thunderstorm!
So today we
We celebrate the holiday with the whole world,
And together we are all from the heart,
We wish you accurate forecasts!
Meteorology -
Complex matter
Here for forecast accuracy
All criteria are important.
To you, summary specialists,
I want clarity
So that you can warn
Any danger.
May it always be in the personal forecast
The sun is winning
And enthusiasm and positive
The clouds are dispersed.
Holiday March 23 - World Meteorology Day (Meteorologist Day)
The topic of weather is the most relevant and popular in the human environment. A lot depends on the weather, and our mood and state of health, our plans and, of course, their implementation. For a long time, mankind has been interested in the weather. In Russian chronicles, the first evidence of weather appears in the description of events dating back to the second half of the 9th century. In the second half of the 17th century, by order of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, daily records of the state of the weather in Moscow and its environs began to be kept. And after the invention of the barometer, attempts were made to predict the weather by changing atmospheric pressure... On December 1, 1725, the first in Russia regular instrumental meteorological observations of the weather began at the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
In 1872, the International Meteorological Organization (IMO) was established. On October 11, 1947, the Convention was opened for signature, which established the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) to replace IMO. April 2, 1948 Soviet Union joined the Convention, and on March 23, 1950 the Convention entered into force. This day is the official date of the establishment of the WMO, created within the framework of the United Nations. The World Meteorological Organization has set itself a lot of tasks, this is facilitation of world cooperation in the creation of a network of stations producing meteorological observations, and assistance in the creation and maintenance of systems for the rapid exchange of meteorological information, and promotion of the further application of meteorology in aviation, shipping, in solving water problems. , v agriculture and in other areas of human activity and many others.
The World Meteorological Organization, as a specialized intergovernmental organization of the UN system, allows to maintain interstate cooperation in the field of hydrometeorology and operational hydrology. which is possible by coordinating global, regional, national observing systems and international exchange hydrometeorological data.
Representative of Russia in this global system observations is Roshydromet with its network of hydrometeorological and aerological stations, which includes the Northern Interregional Territorial Administration for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring
At the initiative of the World Meteorological Organization, since 1961, the world meteorological community began to celebrate March 23 as World Meteorological Day (WMD) - a professional holiday of meteorologists all over the planet. Each year, WMO celebrates this day under a specific motto, with particular emphasis on a specific and relevant day. this moment topic.
Every year, in order to draw the attention of the population, the public and government bodies to hydrometeorology, not only as a science, but also as an operational service acting in the interests of developing sectors of the national economy, during the celebration of World Meteorological Day, comprehensive media coverage of various aspects of the hydrometeorological service is carried out.
World Meteorology Day is celebrated with solemn gatherings in teams, meetings with service veterans, holiday greetings received from territorial authorities, serviced organizations and enterprises, educational institutions.
Installed holiday - World Meteorological Day (Day of the Meteorologist)- this is a sign of respect and gratitude to people who have chosen an interesting, but at the same time very difficult profession... The celebration of the World Meteorological Day is intended to enhance the authority of Roshydromet and the recognition of important role labor of Russian hydrometeorologists.
History of Meteorology. Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation
Photo: World Meteorology Day (Meteorologist Day)
Even at the dawn of his history, man was faced with unfavorable atmospheric phenomena. Not understanding them, he deified the formidable and natural phenomena associated with the atmosphere (gods - Perun, Zeus, Dazhbog, etc.). With the development of civilization in China, India, the Mediterranean countries, attempts are made to regularly observe meteorological observations, the first scientific views about the climate. The first work on atmospheric phenomena was compiled by Aristotle. Modern scientific meteorology dates back to the 17th century, when the foundations of physics were laid. The great scientist Galileo and his students invented a thermometer (1610), a barometer, a rain gauge, that is, a new opportunity for instrumental observations appeared. Beginning with mid XVII v. the academy of experimentation in Tuscany organized the first small network of instrumental observations, which were carried out at several points in Europe. In addition, weather observations were an indispensable part of the programs of all sea voyages.
At the same time, the first meteorological theories appeared. E. Halley gave the first explanation of the monsoons, and E. Hadley published a treatise on the trade winds. By the middle of the 18th century. MV Lomonosov considered meteorology to be an independent science, the main task of which was "weather forecasting."
V mid XIX v. state networks of stations are emerging. And at the beginning of the century, the foundations of climatology were laid in Germany by the works of A. Humboldt and G. Dove. About 1820 G.V. Brandes in Germany came up with the idea to put on geographic Maps observations of the Mannheim network of stations. Thus, the first synoptic maps appeared, which made it possible to detect areas of high and low pressure... They turned out to be mobile and moved, as a rule, from west to east. After the invention of the telegraph, from the 50s, on the initiative of the astronomer W. Le Verrier in France and Admiral R. Fitzroy in England, the synoptic method of research atmospheric fronts quickly entered common use... On its basis, a new branch of meteorology arose - synoptic meteorology.
By the middle of the XIX century. includes the organization of the first meteorological institutes, including the Main Physical Observatory in St. Petersburg (1849). In the second half of the 19th century, the foundations of dynamic meteorology were laid, that is, the application of the laws of hydromechanics and thermodynamics to the study of atmospheric processes.
In the XX century. new, in-depth approaches to climatological research appeared. A particularly great contribution to the development of the problems of climatology in Russia was made by the works of A.A.Kaminsky, L.S.Berg, M.I.Budyko, M.M.Somov, and others.
The modern meteorological service of Russia considers the date of its foundation June 21, 1921, when V. I. Lenin signed the decree of the Council People's Commissars"On the organization of a unified meteorological service in the RSFSR."
On January 1, 1930, in Moscow, in accordance with the Government Decree on the creation of a unified meteorological service for the country, the USSR Central Weather Bureau was formed.
Currently, the Research Hydrometeorological Center of the Russian Federation occupies key positions in the development of the main directions of hydrometeorological science.
The Hydrometeorological Center of Russia, along with methodological and scientific research work, carries out extensive operational work, and also performs the functions of the World Meteorological Center and the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center of the World Weather Watch in the system of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). In addition, the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia is a regional center for area weather forecasts within the World Area Forecast System. On a regional scale, the same work is carried out by the regional hydrometeorological centers.
Scientific and operational-production activities of the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia are not limited to weather forecast. The hydrometeorological center is actively working in the field of hydrology of land waters, oceanography and marine meteorology, agrometeorology and produces wide range various specialized products. Yield forecast of major crops, urban air quality forecast, long-term forecast of the level of the Caspian Sea and other inland water bodies for management water resources, forecast of river flow and related floods and floods, etc. are also the areas of scientific and practical activities of the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia.
World Meteorological Day is celebrated annually on March 23rd. On this day in 1950, the UN Convention establishing the World Meteorological Organization entered into force.
Flag of the World Meteorological Organization.
This year the holiday is held under the motto “Preparing for the weather, taking into account the climate”. The World Meteorological Organization is drawing public attention to the challenges of a changing climate that will increase the number of extreme weather and water shocks in the future.
Currently, no media outlet is complete without a weather forecast. And few people know that the first forecast was published in the London Times more than 150 years ago - on August 1, 1861. The author of the stuck idea was Robert Fitzroy - Vice Admiral, the first head of the first national weather service on the planet, which was created in England in 1854. A hydrographer and meteorologist by training, he previously led a scientific expedition aboard the ship "Beagle" with the participation of Charles Darwin.
Yes, meteorology is the youngest natural Science... But despite her young age, she is already modeling future weather on supercomputers. The word "weather" is firmly embedded in our lives and, according to search engines, ranks third in queries.
At the same time, people learned to make the first predictive conclusions back in Ancient Greece... It is known that Socrates' wife had a grumpy character. Once she got her husband so bad that he left the house and sat on the threshold, holding his head. Then she poured a bucket of water over him. "Thunder is always followed by rain!" The philosopher justly exclaimed.
People perceive the weather differently. Some, including those with a stronger personality, are susceptible to meteopathy. For example, Napoleon, with all his vigor, lost his composure in bad weather, became lethargic and depressed. This happened in the vicinity of Waterloo, when the promising day began with a heavy downpour, and ended in complete defeat.
Image Point Fr | Shutterstock.com
Often, the vagaries of the weather influenced fashion and even gave rise to new entertainment. So, the English king Edward VII, the son of Queen Victoria, once rolled up his trousers in the rain. After that, cuffs came into fashion.
According to legend, several English archers training on the lawn were caught in the rain. Interrupting their lesson, they went to the nearest pub. The rain did not stop, and they decided to continue, breaking off the arrows and drawing a target on the wall. The game of darts was born.
Dmitry Zimin | Shuttertock.com
In the process of observing the weather, different temperature scales... The most widespread is the Celsius scale, where the freezing point of water is taken as 0. However, the Fahrenheit scale has taken root in North America. It is curious that both scales nevertheless converge in one meaning. A temperature of -40 Celsius is exactly equal to a temperature of -40 Fahrenheit.
In mid-latitudes, the weather is highly variable. It can change every day and several times a day. This is well known in the United States. Mark Twain once said: "If you don't like the weather in New England, wait a few minutes."
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