Everyone is known since the school bench that the flow of golfstream warms entire continents. So imagine what will happen when it will reduce the direction. Now this process goes and this explains many natural cataclysms ...
Scientists confirmed that the famous ocean flow Golf Stream finally changed its direction. Now it does not reach Svalbard, but turns towards Greenland, which contributes to warmer weather in the American continent, but "freezes" northern Siberia.
The first to stop the Golfstrip, Dr. Dr. Janluigi Zangari, a physicist theorist from the Institute of Frascati in Italy, in his magazine section on June 12, 2010. The article is based on the satellite data of the Colorado Aerodynamic Research Center, coordinated with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Studies of the US Navy. . The author pointed out to stop the rotation of water flows in the Gulf of Mexico and the partitioning of the Gulf Stream. Subsequently, the snapshots were changed on the server of the Colorado Aerodynamic Research Center and now it is already difficult to say who and when.
As passed the current
The cold and more dense Labrador flow "dodged" under the warm and easier flow of Gulf Stream, without interfering with it to heat Europe, reaching Murmansk. Then the Labradorsky flow "emerged" from the shores of Spain called the Cold Canary current, crossed the Atlantic, reached the Caribbean, he heard and, passing through a loop in the Gulf of Mexico, already under the name Gulf Stream rushed back to the north.
Gulfstream was part of the thermohalin circulation system, a key element of thermal regulation of the planet. He separated England and Ireland from becoming a glacier. Smoothed climate in Scandinavian countries.
After the report of Dr. Zangari, the Canadian Parliament created a commission to find out the real state of cases with a golfustrim near the shores of the state. She was headed by a well-known scientist-oceanologist Ronald Rabbit, a technologist for the processing of biomass processing of the World Ocean and Environmental Improvement. A special dye that does not harm the flora and the fauna of the ocean, poured into containers exploding at a certain depth and, thus, traveled the flow of mass movement. Golfstream as the existing current was not detected.
But, as it turned out, a self-regulating system called "worked" and this time. The study on the surpasses for 800 miles (1481 kilometers) east of the zone of former golfustrium. Upon images from the satellite, the temperature of this flow increased relative to the golfustrium. This means that the power of evaporation in the warm zone above the ocean has increased.
A small retreat: the main part of people believes that the wet air is heavier dry, but it is not. O2 oxygen molecules, CO2 carbon dioxide and nitrogen N2 is heavier than H2O water molecules.
What brings us such a change
Presumably very cold to -45 degrees and a minor winter in the territory of the European part of Russia, Western Europe will be snowing with snow, and hurricane winds will be awake on the front border. In mid-February 2011, spring with a temperature of +10 came in Canada instead of frosts. America, apparently, will not remain without a "gingerbread". Confirmation of the recent cold in Montana, South Dakota, Texas, Arkansas and Tennessee.
The main world oceanic flows. Gulfstream originates in the Gulf of Mexico heading towards Europe (the dark color of the River), turns towards Greenland, cools (gray, light color "river"), plunging to the depth, and flows south. According to new data, the rollery of Golfustrum (superficial warm stream) recently recently towards Greenland 800 km.
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Where is
Gulfstream is a warm flow in the Atlantic Ocean, carrying huge streams of water from the Gulf of Mexico to the Northern Ocean, famous for its influence on the climate of the planet.
Characteristics
In essence, it is a powerful inkjet movement of water width from 70 to 90 kilometers. The speed of such a movement in the upper ocean layers can reach several meters per second and significantly fall with the depth level.
Half Stream takes its beginning in the heated Mexican bay, from where it follows in the form of Florida flow. Later, at the level of the Bahamas, it is connected to the antillest flow and is finally formed as one of the most significant flows in the oceans.
At first, his path runs along the coast of the United States, at some distance from the mainland. Swinging to Cape Hatters, he turns northeast and goes into the open ocean.
Near Newfoundland Golf Stream faces a Labrador current, which in itself is quite cold. As a result, abundant evaporation occurs, which is the cause of permanent fogs in the region. Having gotten up from the course, the stream is sent by the course to Europe, along the way making big branches, including the Canary Current, taking the South-Western Europe and the closing cycle of the Atlantic Water Movements.
Another branch goes to the north, repeatedly disconnecting to Icelandic and Norwegian (washing also the UK) directions. What is the meaning of such a massive heat carrier going on the waves? First of all, this climate mitigation is especially affected by Europe. Nowhere else, at such northern latitudes there are no filler meadows and thermal-loving plants cannot grow.
golf Stream flow diagram on map photo
It is thanks to the Golf Stream of the shore, Eurasia is not bored, and the continent does not turn into a solid tundra. This happens due to raising the warm air masses over the flow, which are spread with the wind, without giving freezing the inhabitants of the old world. Another important function of golfustrium is associated with ichthyofauna.
The places of contact with cold currents (banks) create a good background for the development of valuable fishing species of fish in large quantities, as well as whales and other marine inhabitants. The fact is that the stream stream is captured and small organisms that serve them are captured, and after, they accumulate in those banks.
Deposits of scientists
Scientists of many countries from time to time represent Gulf Stream reports, making disappointing forecasts. According to them, the course becomes unstable, and the pace slows down. Moreover, there is an opinion that it has already stopped. And such a serious failure in the work of the World Ocean will entail catastrophic climate change, by the way, so favorite Hollywood directions.
Among possible consequences allocate:
- Sharp cooling in Europe and the Atlantic part of the United States, up to the local or global glacial period.
- Global warming Also aluminous frosts Old light, moreover, the displacement of poles and lubricating the boundaries of climatic zones are added to this theory.
- Other smaller cataclysms like tsunami, hurricanes and floods.
Such hypotheses are not very riddling, but for the sake of fairness it must be said that there is no sufficient data on the actual speed and the temperature of the golfstrum, at least by its most part. On the contrary, many shining science claim that the work of the warm artery of the planet will not change, and if it happens, the phenomenon will be temporary.
- The flow is not a homogeneous and solid mass, it is divided into several streams moving in one direction. This allows it to be easy to branch and create lateral twists.
- To work out for the year as much heat, however it highlights the Gulf Stream, more than a million nuclear power plants are needed.
- One of the factors that violate water circulation activities in the Atlantic is an accident on the Deepwater Horizon oil platform and the subsequent spill of more than five million barrels of oil.
- The maximum speed of movement is recorded off the coast of the United States - 9 km / h.
- The temporary stop of the Gulf Stream, according to some scientists, was the cause of a small glacial period that had about 14 thousand years ago.
- In the "banks" of Golf Stream and Labrador lives a large number of whales, sailing here as a result of migration.
In 2010, the world community shocked the terrible news: the course of Gulf Stream, the thermostat of our planet, can stop! To understand the scale of the coming catastrophe, it is enough to know that the temporary stop of the flow of 14 thousand years ago led to a small glacial period. But what is Golf Stream, and why is its circulation so important for the climate of the Earth?
The name comes from the English expression Golf Stream, which is literally translated as "the flow of the bay." So conventionally called the warm current along the east coast of North America, but in fact the concept is somewhat wider: under Golfustrim imply a whole system, branched in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. His movement is due to the daily rotation of the Earth. Powerful jets width 70-90 km reach speeds up to several meters per second. It is noteworthy that it is not even hundreds of nuclear stations to work out the same amount of heat as Golf Stations.
Why palm trees grow in the north
Golfstream takes its beginning in the heated Mexico Gulf, from there rolls warm waters in Floridian flow, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Bahamas, it is connected to the ancalial flow and flows into the ocean. At the level of the island, Newfoundland is mixed with a cold Labrador flow, which contributes to active evaporation - that is why the nearest regions are so wet and foggy. And the climate of the old world due to this feature of the golfstrum becomes soft - in other countries on the same latitudes, but the meadows are not growing, the heat-loving plants are not growing. For example, in Normandy, the same palm trees feel quite freely, and the coast of the mainland does not turn into a tundra. And the very northern hemisphere is warmer than southern.
With its average water temperature, 26 degrees are ideal for many species of fish and whales. Microorganisms that serve them with food, thanks to the streams fall straight into the greedily opened mouths.
New Ice Age
Unfortunately, scientists projections about Golf Stream do not console. The course gradually slows down its turn and becomes unstable. This entails a sharp climate change: Finland is languishing from the heat, but snow drops on the azure shore. Natural cataclysms like tsunami, tornadoes and floods occur more and more. That is why environmentalists beat anxiety after oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico: harmful chemicals changed the viscosity and the salinity of water, which affected its course. Apparently, the fantasies of Hollywood directories may well be prior to life - without a golfustrium, the land is waiting for an unclear future in the conditions of a new ice age.
But not only the recycling of "black gold" harms the Golfustrum ecosystem. The so-called greenhouse effect arising from active and reckless technological progress leads to the melting of the ice of the Northern Ocean and, respectively, the emergence of the sucked water in Golf Stream. How much he will cope with them and what the neighborhood will turn - the question of time.
The first to stop Golf Stream said in 2010 Dr. Gianluigi Zangari, a physicist theorist from Frascati Institute in Italy. Later, the researchers confirmed that the course has changed its direction: now it leaves Spitsbergen Island and turns towards Greenland. Thus, if the concentration of carbon in the atmosphere will continue to grow, the water circulation will really stop. Let's hope that scientists will not allow this ecological tragedy. Humanity (and specifically, each of us) should be aware of the scale of the problem and solve the issues of ecology - the most important and most important ones.
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Warm flow Golfustrim - This is a huge flow in the Atlantic Ocean, with quite high temperatures. In a more specific designation, Golf Stream is the flow that flows along the entire east coast of North America, the length of the Florida Strait to Newfaland Bank. And in a broad sense, Golf Stream is the general name of the system of warm currents of the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean.
This is a rather powerful inkjet flow that has a width of about 70-90 km and the depth almost to the bottom. The maximum flow rate varies from several meters per second on the surface, and up to 10-20 centimeters at the bottom. Golfustrim's total water consumption is 50,000,000 m3 every second, which is more than all available rivers combined. Just because of the warm golfranch, all European countries adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean have a softer climate than the same South Siberia located on the same latitude.
At the same time, winds passing through this course bring such a quantity of heat to Northern Europe that in winter there is about 15-20 degrees higher than it should be. therefore seaports in NorwayAlso, our port in Murmansk is not charmed in the ice all year round. During the Cold War, and especially sharp relationships with old light, the United States developed plan of freezing of Europe. According to their idea, it was necessary to adjust the flow so that Gulf Stream was floating back along the east coast, and did not cross the Atlantic Ocean. From this nothing happened, and the course gives heat, as before.
What is noteworthy, the first mention of this flow was the story of Christopher Columbus, then Europeans and paid attention to him. He ran into him in 1492, when he sailed into the lands of the new world. The following was a conquistador, Spaniard Ponce de Leon, who attempted to go through the Gulf of Mexican, by peninsula FloridaAnd I found an amazing thing, his ship under all sails, and the passing wind was moving in the opposite direction.
Previously, the sailors have repeatedly noted a similar fact without finding him the explanations, but indicated on the maps the fact that the flow helps to return home to Europe to Europe, than to deal with this obstacle to America. But the scientific scientist, and subsequently US President Benjamin Franklin, in 1770, was a scientific study of the flow. It was he who noted his approximate course throughout the distance of the path, and gave the name to the world known to the world.
Golfstream system of warm flows in North. h. Atlantic Ocean, distributed by 10 thousand km from P-ov Florida to O-Went of Svalbergen and New Earth. Detected by Spanish navigators at the beginning of the XVI century. and was called the Florida current. The name Golf Stream in 1722 suggested B. Franklin. It is born in the south.
h. Florida Prol As a result of a strong Nagona, trade winds of water in the Mexican Hall. through Yucatanian prol. When entering the ocean, the stream power is 2160 km per day, which is 20 times the consumption of all rivers of the globe.
Going to the ocean, connects to the antillest flow and 38 ° C.Sh. Its power grows more than three times. Further, the city is moving at a speed of 6-10 km / h on S. along the Atlantic coast. America to Bol. Newfoundland banks, beyond which is called North-Atlantic current.
The width of the flow from Y. on C. increases from 75 to 200 km, the thickness of 700-800 m, the temperature of the water on the surface is dropped from 24-28 to 10-20 ° C. G. has a huge impact on the nature of North. h. Atlantic Ocean and adjacent h.
Sowing. Ocean, as well as climate of Europe, creating very soft climatic conditions in moderate and arctic latitudes.
Photo: Norman B. Leventhal Map Center At The BPL
The main branch of this flow originates in the Gulf of Mexico (from where its name is happening, meaning translated from the English language "The flow of the bay") and penetrates the Atlantic through the Floridian Strait; Further, the current deviates to the north of the Baghamian Bank - a submarine platform located southeast of P-ov Florida.
Going out of the Mexican Gulf, Gulf Stream carries large accumulations of floating algae of the genus Sargassum and various types of thermophilic fish (including volatile).
The eastern coast of Florida Golf Stream is clear, especially Western. The glittering blue of this flow contrasts sharply with greenish-gray cooler waters of the North Atlantic.
The current is not just a homogeneous mass of moving tape of water. It consists of several streams having approximately the same direction. His Eastern Territium has numerous twisting swirls to the right; Some of them are even completely separated from the main stream.
Near the Large Bahamas, Golf Stream takes the branch of the Northern Passage flow and follows in general in parallel to the Eastern coast of the United States, but at a short distance from it.
It is with the warm waters of this flow that a soft winter is connected on Bermuda O-Wah. Near Cape Hatteras (the coast, PC. North Carolina) Golf Stream turns to the northeast and heads to a large Newfoundland Bank. Here it is found with a cold Labrador current, and also comes into contact with the colder air coming from the north.
As a result, fogs are almost constantly observed in the area. From a large Newfoundland Bank Gulf Stream moves in the east direction to the banks of Europe (this part is called the course of Western winds). In about the midst of the North Atlantic, Golf Stream is divided into two currents. One of them should be further east to the shores of Europe, and then turning to the south, forms the Canary current, another, called the north-atlantic flow, will gradually deviate left and continues to move to the northeast.
This flow takes place from the Western banks of the British O-Gossi, where the branch head separates from him again, to the southern shores of Iceland, is the course of Irminger. Another part of the north-Atlantic current is the Norwegian current - follows along the shores of Norway.
Presentations of the selection, popular and in our time, were in the past century.
Gulfstream was compared with his position (messenger) river in the ocean. The studies that existed at that time in this part of the ocean made it possible to relate the flow to geostrophic (ie, the emerging balance of only two forces: a gradient of pressure on the water and the forces of Coriolis) flows. On the surface of the ocean, the golfustim jet has a width of 70-100 km, and the depth from the surface is about 500 m.
The flow runs along the hydrophron - the boundaries of the cold (and less salted) of the slope water in the west and the north and the warm (and more saline) of the Sargasso seas in the East and the south, and the golfustrium jet itself is meandriates within the distance of about 500 km (Fig.2, 3) - in the field of hydrophrite, leading to the formation of warm (to the left of the jet) and the cold (right) of the vortices at a speed of up to 1.5 m / s diameter to 400 km.
This information about the dynamics of golfstrum water was obtained mainly by analyzing the data on the temperature and salinity of water, i.e. thermohalin parameters.
However, within the framework of existing ideas about the nature of the Golf Stream, it is impossible to explain why outside the flow of the mass of water (its bed) move in the opposite direction, why the flow rate is moving, it stops, and then the speed is gaining again, and after 10-20 days the situation is repeated.
And why are numerous attempts to reproduce these properties on the models not crowned with success? We tried to answer some of these questions with the help of direct measurements of the flow rate.
Not so long ago, a new device appeared in the hands of the oceanologists. This Drifter is a float with an antenna that allows you to monitor the movement of water, and from here to determine the speed and direction of the flow, in this case, on the horizon 15 m.
Information about the positions of Drifer in the Ocean is transmitted via a satellite to the data acquisition center. In the area of \u200b\u200bGolf Stream and at some proximity, more than 400 drifters were launched in the past 10 years, each of which issued information on average a year and a half. As a result, a huge material was assembled on the currents and temperature of the water, on the basis of which we conducted our own analysis of the dynamics of Gulf Stream and tried to understand its nature.
The area of \u200b\u200bthe ocean is distinguished, in which speeds are much more.
The speed of flows here is reduced from the south to the north, from 1 to 0.5 m / c. In the southern part of Gulf Stream has a width of about 100 km, and north - more than 300 km. From more detailed information shown in Fig. 5, 6, it follows that the flow of the golfstrum is quite stable in the direction, in any case, in its main part, south of 38 ° C.Sh
We now consider the behavior of the flows in Golf Stream.
To do this, analyze the trace typical of the Golf Stream and the course of the flow rate module (Fig. 7, below).
It can be stated that within the golfstrum, especially its southern part, drifters, and therefore the mass of water, move predominantly unidirectionally and along the toobat, or rather along the edge of the shelf. At the same time, the flow of water is moving not strictly along the isobat, but performs small oscillations to the right - to the left in relation to the movement of the main flow of water.
Such oscillations are small in part of the Gulf Stream south of 38 ° C.Sh. And it is significant north of it. With such a predominantly unidirectional movement of water flow, the speed pulsates, reaching in minima of values \u200b\u200bclose to zero. Sometimes the flow of water moves in the opposite direction, although weakly. What is the reason and power makes the water behave in this way: stop, and then dial the speed and stop again, etc., i.e. pulsate in time and space?
Such behavior of currents is clearly contrary to the ideas about them as thermohalin, geostrophic.
It seems that from the Mexican bay through the Floridian shed in the ocean, a powerful stream of water in the form of a jet is entered, which forms golfustrim. Previously, exactly that was thought. Hence the current and got a name: Gulf Stream, which translated from English means - the Bay River (Mexican) or a jet of the bay.
However, this impression is deceptive. It was later established that Gulf Stream was mainly formed by said sloping cold waters from the north and warm waters of the Sargasso Sea from the south, but not the Mexican Gulf, where the water is practically incomputed. It turned out that in the middle part of the golfstrum, the water consumption is much larger than in South, in the Floridian Strait (and these facts are not consistent with the thermohalin and geostrophic nature of the flow).
It is no coincidence that Gulf Stream still began to speak not as a river arising from the bay, but as about the flow, carrying their waters from P-Oov Florida.
Golphustrine is a large seaside flow in the Atlantic Ocean.
Thanks to its warm water, European states located on the shores of the ocean have a softer climate than without it.
It would seem wherever water and air, and what is the effect of Golf Stream to Europe so much?
The answer is very simple: the warm water of the flow heat the air, which with the wind reaches the shore of Eurasia, without giving countries located on the continent, frozen.
The power of the flow is really impressive.
Water consumption per second is more than in all the planet rivers and is 50 million cubic meters. m. Heat in Golf Stream as much as 1 million nuclear power plants would highlight.
Golfstream warm water reserve receives from the Gulf of Mexico and carries it along the coast of North America to almost Canada, where he turns into an open ocean, heading towards Europe.
Wasten a tremendous margin of warmth along the way, the course still brings so much energy to the mainland that the tundra was not formed in Europe. And should have been, because Above 60 degrees of northern latitude in other places, the planet lives northern deer, and in Europe on the same latitude, green meadows.
The biological productivity of the Gulf Stream was not the subject of special research. Plankton biomass in the golfustrium zone is also small. The golfustrium region cannot be a downtown of nagulya neither boreal, nor subtropical fish, since the first to avoid warm water golfstrum, and the second find favorable conditions in the area of \u200b\u200bthe front zones of Golf Stream and Water Atlantic.
The importance of Golf Stream is to participate in the "breeding" of the largest fishing breeds of fish and zooplankton.
Facing cold waters in the north of the ocean, the current creates the so-called "banks", which are the perfect place of existence of flora and fauna. In such places, fishing fishing flourishes: Herring, cod and others. The development of small crustaceans forms "Fields of feeding" for a variety of cetacean, arranging annual migrations here.
Gulfstream is a powerful warm atlantic flow. The effect of Golf Stream is noticeable even in the Arctic Ocean in the form of Nordska and Norwegian flow. The flow of Golf Stream the culprit of unstable weather conditions in the area.
Golfstream
Gulfstream, the warm flow in the average latitudes of the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, moving in the northeast direction. The fastest flow in the Atlantic Golf Stream is one of the very powerful forces of nature.
Golfustrim water consumption is about 50 million cubic water meters every second, which is 20 times more than the flow of all rivers of the world, combined. Locally, in each individual area, the direction and nature of the flow is also determined by the outline of the mainland, the temperature regime, the distribution of saline and other factors.
Gulf Stream in a wide sense - the whole system of warm flows in the North Atlantic, the rod and the main driving force of which is Golf Stream
It is known that the north of Cape Gatteras Golf Stream loses its stability. It has quasiperiodic oscillations with a period of 1.5-2 years, similar to the fluctuations in the jet flow in the atmosphere, known as the index cycle. Considering the influence of the golfustrim on the climate, it is assumed that in the short historical perspective, a climatic catastrophe is possible, associated with a flow violation.
In particular, according to the doctor of geographic sciences, the oceanologist Bondarenko, A. L., "The mode of" work "of Golfstrum will not change."
This is argued by the fact that the actual transfer of water does not occur, that is, the flow of Rossby wave. It carries heated aquatic masses from the Indian Ocean and the south of the Atlantic to the northwestern coast of Europe.
But the North Atlantic flow of Gulf Stream cannot explain all the disappearances
Thanks to the Golf Stream of Europe, adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean, differ in a softer climate compared with regions lying on the same geographical latitude.
Over the North Atlantic, Western winds are taken away from the waters of warm water and is transferred to Europe.
This flow is sent by a narrow stream along the coast of North America. An additional factor in the deviation in the eastern direction is the power of Coriolis. A continuation of Golf Stream to the northeast of the Great Newfoundland Bank serves the North Atlantic current.
Now Golf Stream for Europe and the United States is a generous gift of nature to their economies and the population. The cuisine of the weather of the northern hemisphere is located in the North Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. Gulf Stream performs the role of the heating system, it is also called the "Europa Stove".
The cold and more dense Labrador flow "dives" under the warm and more light flow of Gulf Stream, not interfering with it to heat Europe.
Water density Labrador flow is only 0.1% higher than the density of Golfustrum. As a result, the sea does not freeze the sea all year round, and in Europe palm trees grow and build houses with cardboard walls.
If suddenly the Labrador current comes with a density with a golfustrim, then it will rise closer to the surface of the ocean and block its movement to the north. All came. We get a scheme of the flows of the glacial period.
The study of ice in Greenland shows that climate change processes can occur during three-to-ten years.
The air temperature in Europe over these several years comes with Siberian. Now in the thicker of the Gulf of Mexican Bay found giant oil stains. Oil poured over several months from a well drilled BP at the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico.
Together with him disappeared and the Norwegian current. The first to stop Golf Stream in August 2010 was reported by Dr. Zangari, a physicist theorist from Italy. The average water temperature in the north of Gulf Stream fell by 10 degrees.
Gulf Stream is a warm flow in the Gulf of Mexico, which goes to Florida, flows along the east coast of the United States to about 37 degrees S.Sh. And then breaks away from the coast to the East
Letters come to the editors with a request to clarify whether the warm current will indeed disappear soon.
Such flows exist in the Pacific - Kurosio, and in the southern hemisphere.
For the same reason, the northern hemisphere in general is a bit warmer southern. The root cause of such an unusual of the North Atlantic is that water over the Atlantic Ocean evaporates a little more than falling in the form of precipitation.
In the place of the water dropped into the depths of water in the North Atlantic, water comes from the south, this is the north-Atlantic flow. Thus, the reasons for the north-Atlantic current are globally, and it is unlikely that they can significantly affect such a local event as oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico.
But such a magnitude of seasonal anomalies is quite common and is observed in one or another region almost annually. No reports are not confirmed that Gulf Stream between 76 and 47 meridians in 2010 has become colder than 10 degrees Celsius. But the ice continued to melt, and at some point the water from the lake began to flow into the North Atlantic, causing it and thus preventing the lowering of the water and the north-Atlantic flow.
The continuation of the golfstrum is the north-Atlantic flow that is cooled in the north flow into the southern hemisphere.
Changing the continuity of the flow of golfustrum in scientific circles is the topic for discussions. In the occurrence and direction of the golfraim, several factors are involved. Almost a third is located on the path of Golfustrum. Under the first, they actually imply Golf Stream - the ocean flow along the east coast of North America to 90 kilometers wide and speed up to several meters per second.
Separate flows in the oceans are combined into the systems included in the community covered. The most famous sea current is Golf Stream. The name is translated into Russian as a bay course. It has been preserved from those distant times when I am meant that the flow occurs as a flow of waters aside from the Mexican bay through the Floridian shed in the Atlantic.
Now it is known that only a small share of golfustrium waters is taken out of the bay. The flow comes from there, now prefer to call Florida. Oceanic flow, reaching the latitude of Cape Hatteras on the US Atlantic Coast, takes a powerful influx from Sargassov Sea.
This is where the Golf Stream itself begins, the mighty "river in the ocean", which goes to a depth of 700 - 800 m and reaching a width of 110 - 120 km. Each is noted one feature of the Golf Stream: it is not eliminated on the outlet of the ocean, as it should be in the northern hemisphere under the influence of the rotation of the Earth, and to the left!
This is the result of an elevated ocean level in its subtropical part. The average temperature of the surface layers of flow 25-26 ° (at depths of about 400 m - only 10 - 12 °). However, in the golfustime at a distance of the length of the vessel case there are large differences in temperatures reaching 10 °, and the color change and transparency of sea water occurs literally in front of the eyes.
In the surface layer of flow, the nucleus of water of the elevated temperature is usually detected, the most significant at the surface of the ocean, and the core of high salinity water with the center at 100 - 200 m.
This feature is traced to a large Newfoundland bank. Thus, an idea of \u200b\u200bgolfstream as a very warm current passing through colder waters is valid only for the surface layer, but in it the warmest waters in just a few degrees exceed the surface temperature of the Sea of \u200b\u200bSargassov.
Surface velocities actually golfustram can reach 2.0 - 2.6 m / s.
Even at depths of about 2 km, they are still significant: 10 - 20 cm / s.
The flow of golfustrim
When leaving Florida Strait, the flow capacity is 25 million m3 / s (and this value is more than 20 times higher than the consumption of all planet rivers); After the attachment of the antillest flow (from the Sargassov Sea), the stream power increases to 106 million m / s.
And such a mighty stream rushes to the northeast to a large Newfoundland Bank. Hence the Golf Stream, as well as the flow of the slope discrepaning from it, turns to the south, including in the north-Atlantic cycle.
And through the ocean, east, towards Europe, the north-atlantic flow is rushing, which is sometimes considered part of the secondary oceanic cycle of water.
Golfstream Wikipedia
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Gulf Stream (English - Gulf Stream, literally the flow of the bay), one of the most powerful warm flows of the oceans. Located in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean; Emerging from the Floridian Strait, goes along the coast of North America to Cape Hatteras, which has his separation from the coast. Next, the Gulf Stream applies in the open ocean about 38 ° of the northern latitude of up to 40-50 ° West longitude. In this area (sometimes called Delta Golf Stream), the flow is divided into several branches, the main of which, called the North Atlantic flow, extends to the northeast to the coast of Northern Europe.
Sometimes an erroneously called the entire system of warm flows from the shores of the Florida Peninsula to Svalbard Islands and the New Earth archipelago.
The reasons for the origin of the golfstrum are the meridional distribution of wind, the gradient of the density of water, the rotation of the Earth.
When leaving the ocean from the Floridian Strait of Water Translation by Golphustrum is 25-29 million m3 / s, which is ten times higher than the flow rate of all rivers of the globe. In the ocean, the transfer of water with a golfustrim increases and 80-90 million m3 / s is 3,80 °. When leaving the Floridian Strait, the golfustrim width is 60-75 km, the speed of water movement is 1-3 m / s.
After the head of the golfustrium from the shore in the area of \u200b\u200bCape Hatteras, the Golf Stream width increases to 100-150 km, the speed decreases to 0.5-1.5 m / s. Gulfstream covers the top layer of the ocean with a thickness of 700 m to 1 km. The most important feature of the golfstrum as a jet flow at the West Bank is its instability associated with hydrodynamic reasons.
A snapshot of a golfstrum from space shows not a solid stream compared to the river in the ocean, but rather a wide band of complex vortex movements with a common direction of movement in the northeast, the so-called meanders and whirlwinds of golfustrium, having dimensions from several tens to several hundred kilometers.
Gulfstream carries a large heat supply and salts. The average annual water temperature on the surface at exit from the Floridian Strait is over 25 ° C with saline of 36.2-36.4. With the promotion of the current in the north-east, the temperature of the surface layer in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Golf Stream Delta decreases due to the interaction with the atmosphere to 13-15 ° C.
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Overall, the Gulf Stream and its continuation in the form of the North Atlantic flow have a great influence on the hydrological and biological characteristics of the seas and the actual Arctic Ocean, as well as the climate of the countries of Europe.
The mass of warm water heated the air passing over them, which is transferred to Europe by Western winds. An important climatic phenomenon is the North Atlantic oscillation, the occurrence of anomalies of atmospheric circulation (including the origin of cyclones). The offset of the position of the golfustrim and changes in its costs and temperature determine the dynamics of global ocean circulation.
Although these oscillations are not very high (tens of kilometers, 1-2 ° C and no more than 5-10 million m3 / s), they are the most important climatic factor in the northern part of the Atlantic. Currently, it is impossible to reliably determine whether the North Atlantic oscillation is the cause of these changes or the fluctuation itself to some extent their consequence.
The observed interannual changes in the position and intensity of the Golf Stream significantly change the transfer of moisture from the Atlantic to Europe, especially in the winter period.
Lit.: Stommell G. Golfstream. Physical and dynamic description. M., 1963; Burkov V. A. Total circulation of the World Ocean.
Golf Stream (current)
L., 1980; Ocean Circulation and Climate: Observing and Modeling The Global Ocean. San Diego, 2000; Ocean circulation. Boston, 2001.
The main analysis of the northern equatorial direction of the Pacific Ocean. The feature of the speed and temperature of the moisture of Japanese flow. The main essence of the appearance of Western drift. Characteristics of the formation of warm leakage of Golf Stream in the Atlantic Waters.
Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.
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Report
On the topic of the flow of the hub and golfustrim
Prepared:
Parfenov Danil 7 "A"
year 2014
Japanese flow, or karos
The blue flow is formed from the northern equatorial flow of the Pacific Ocean, which, turning to N due to a meeting with the Philippine Islands, comes to the island of Formosa and, starting from here, is called the Japanese flow. It has only about 100 nautical miles wide, then it shies to the right and goes west of Liu-Kiuza Islands to the Japanese Islands.
Eastern outdoor outlook less than a certain, rather than West. The speed of the Japanese course at first about 35-40 maritime miles, the Lou-Kiuza islands comes to 70-80 nautical miles.
In the summer of the northern hemisphere, the speed of the Japanese current is greater, sometimes even up to 100 nautical miles. The temperature of the Japanese flow water at its beginning in August about 28 °. Approaching Japan, the flow passes the Van-Dima strait between Nipone Island and Liu-Kiuise Islands, expands and reaches the width of 300 marine miles, and its speed decreases.
Nipone's northern shores, between the last and left to the right to the ocean, the cold current appears in the Ocean - Oya-Sieo,coming from the Kuril Ridge of the islands; Its temperature is several degrees below, rather than Japanese. Having passed the parallel of the northern tip of Nipion, Ya. T. Gradually loses its strength, evades the right to the open ocean and, starting from here, called Western driftJapanese flow.
It goes to the east across the ocean between parallel 40-50 ° C. sh. With a speed of 10-20 marine miles. Going to America, the flow is separated, part of it turns on N along the coast of Canada and Alaska, forming warm Aleutian current . The speed of this flow is insignificant. Another part of the drift of Ya. T. Wars south and goes under the name Californic flowalong the shore of America.
The average speed of the Californ flow of 15 nautical miles. Passing the parallel of the southern tip of the California Peninsula (tropic), the flow gradually evades SW and W and is poured into the northern equatorial current.
The Japanese flow in many respects is like Golf Stream. Japanese Current Draif Golf Stream
Warm flow Golfustrim - This is the flow in the Atlantic Ocean, which begins near the Bahamas, and completes its way near Europe and goes to the north-Atlantic current. Gulfstream is an amazing phenomenon. First, it is warm, secondly, with its waters of Gulf Stream heats eastern Europe. It forms a warm climate in Eastern Europe: it is thanks to him that deciduous forests and even palm trees are growing here, and the tundra does not strike.
Why does golfstream exist?
The fact is that the hot and cold water of the Atlantic Ocean form a kind of conveyor.
golf Stream flow on world map
Hot equatorial waters rise upstairs and form a flow, and reaching the end of the path, cooled.
At the same time, they are lowered down into the thickness of the water, and move back to the beginning of the flow. Thus, warm golfustrim and exists.
Some scientists claim that Gulf Stream slows down the course of its water, and some - that it completely stopped. Who is right, it is now difficult to find out, but the flow of Gulf Stream really has several reasons to slow down.
The first one is global warming.
Glaciers are intensively melting, salty oceanic salty water. The decrease in salinity violates the golfustrim balance. The second reason consists in a very large amount of oil, which was bottled in the Gulf of Mexico. It also affects it, breaking and slowing down.
The stop of the warm current Golf Stream carries a lot of dangers: the cooling of Europe, climate disorders, the appearance of the glacial period.
It plays a huge role in the life of our planet.
Posted on Allbest.ru.
The flow of the World Ocean. The mechanism of the occurrence of the flow system Golfustrim.
Circuit circulation and flow of flow. The speed and temperature of the flow, their change. The influence of the system on the geographic shell. Possible development of changes in the flow system.
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The effect of the flow of golfustrim on the climate of moderate latitudes
Circulation, dynamics of surface and deep waters in the North Atlantic.
The history of the development of ideas about Golf Stream, its origins and branching. Speed \u200b\u200band expenses of the water sources, Meandra and Vorki. Temperature field and change it. Influence on the climate of Europe.
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Possible decrease in temperature difference between pole and equator with stronger greenhouse effect. Golf Stream and secrets of the Bermuda Triangle. Slowing Golfustrum in the past.
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Direction, color and causes of golfustrum, its first scientific research. Golfstream and its continuation. Postal service of the most famous ocean course of the world.
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Geological structure and relief of the Pacific Ocean.
Underwater edge of the mainland. Mid-ocean ridges and ocean beds. Water salinity distribution, climate and flow. Phytoplankton Pacific Ocean, his animal world, rich mineral deposits.
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Oceans of the world
Pacific Ocean as the largest area, the deepest and most ancient oceans.
Complex studies of the nature of the Atlantic and the peculiarity of its flow. The organic world and the climate of the Indian Ocean. The history of the study of the Arctic Ocean.
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Golf Stream flow system and its value for geographic shell
The general patterns of circulation of golfustrum flows, the causes of the occurrence and distribution.
The influence of the golfustrim on the climate, its value for the life and economic activity of a person, the possible positive and negative consequences of their impact.
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General characteristics of the Korean-Japanese tourist area: geographical position, vegetable and animal world, landscape structure.
Ethnocultural, historical features and tourist recreational resources. The most important directions of tourist flows.
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Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean as the second largest after the quiet, its geographical position, the characteristics of the bed and transition zones, washed off areas. The climatic conditions of the ocean, relief of its bottom and existing currents, features of the organic world.
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Analysis of modern studies of the Pacific
Heyerdal and J.-I. Coushe in the study of the Pacific Ocean. The results of the work of research courts and round-the-world expeditions. Achievements of international projects aimed at opening and clarifying the conditions of the least studied sections of the ocean.
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