By the decision of the USSR CEC dated July 29, 1936, the provision on the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was approved.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 1, 1939, in order to special differences between citizens awarded the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union and making new heroic feats, establish a "Golden Star" medal, having a form of a five-pointed star.
The first medal was awarded the hero of the Soviet Union by the polar pilot A. S. Lyapidevsky. During the Great Patriotic War, the first differences were honored with fighter pilots M. P. Zhukov. S. I. Healthy and P. T. Kharitonov who committed their feats in the sky near Leningrad.
Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is the highest degree of differences and is assigned to personal or collective services to the Soviet state and society associated with the commission of the heroic feat.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is assigned by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
The Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded:
- the highest award of the USSR-Ordden Lenin;
- Sign of special differences - the "Golden Star" medal;
- Mrink of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Hero of the Soviet Union, who committed a secondary heroic feat, no less, for which others who committed such a feat, honor the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, is awarded the Order of Lenin and the second medal "Golden Star" and to commemorate his features a bronze bust of the hero with an appropriate inscription, Installed in his homeland, what is being recorded in the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on awarding.
Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded by two medals "Golden Star", for the new heroic exploits, similar to previously perfect, can be awarded again awarded the Order of Lenin and the "Golden Star" medal.
With awarding the Hero of the Soviet Union, Lenin's Order and the Medal "Golden Star", at the same time with the Order and the medal gives the diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In the event that the Hero of the Soviet Union will be awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, then a bronze bust of the hero with an appropriate inscription, installed in his homeland, is built into commemoration of his heroic and employment, established in his homeland, what is being recorded in the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the assignment of the title of Hero of the Socialist Labor.
Heroes of the Soviet Union enjoy benefits established by law.
The medal "Golden Star" Hero of the Soviet Union is on the left side of the chest over the orders and medals of the USSR.
The deprivation of the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union can be produced only by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
More than 11,600 soldiers, officers and generals of the Red Army, partisans and underground workers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the acceptance committed during the Great Patriotic War.
The author of the Medal project is the artist I. I. Dubasov.
The first three medals were awarded a military pilot of the Hero of the Soviet Union A. I. Tinchen.
Among the distinction of a lot of foreigners awarded the highest degree. The title of the Hero of the Soviet Union received four French pilots "Normandy-Neman" regiment: Marseille Albert. Rolland de la Puap, Jacques Andre, Marcel Lefevre. It was posthumously awarded the title of Jan Nacchatka, the commander of the partisan detachment, consisting of Czechs and Slovaks.
Among the post-war heroes of the Soviet Union were the pilots of the 64th Fighter Aviation Corps who fought in North Korea against the American and South Korean Aces.
On June 8, 1960, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was assigned to the Spaniard Ramon Mscadera, who arrived in the USSR from Mexico after serving a 20-year sentence for the murder of Lion Trotsky, committed to them in 1940 by order of Stalin. A year later, Fidel Castro and President Egypt Nasser became the heroes of the USSR.
For the exploits committed during the war years. The title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded the people who received the stigma of the famous Motherland under Stalin. Justice was restored with respect to the defender of the Brest Fortress Major P. M. Gavrilova, the hero of the French resistance of Lieutenant Girika (posthumously), the cavaller of the Italian medal resistance to Polezhaev (posthumously). Lieutenant Lieutenant In 1945, he made an escape from captivity to Canya German Bomber. Instead of the award, he was put in the camp, as a "traitor". In 1957 he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1964, the hero was the intelligence officer Richard Zorge (posthumously). With M. S. Gorbachev was awarded the title of Hero, the famous marinesco submariner, undeservedly forgotten after the war.
The Medal of the Golden Star of the Hero of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is established as a distinctive sign for citizens of the honored title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
Description Medals Golden Star Hero of the USSR
Dimensions Star - 30 mm. Weight - 34.2 g.
Materials gold - 20.5 g, silver - 12.2 g
Artist Dubasov Ivan Ivanovich.
Who is awarded Citizens who are awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
Base award Citizens who have reached the highest degree of differences - the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union.
Price Medals Golden Star
Today, prices, the goldstar medal starts from 27,000,000 rubles.
Price updated as of 03/20/2020
Awarded medal "Golden Star" Hero of the USSR
The award was established on August 1, 1939, the changes in the description of the medal were made on October 16, 1939 and 19, 1943. First presentation medals "Golden Star" Hero of the Soviet Union It took place in November 4, 39. Medal at number 1 received the hero of the Soviet Union Anatoly Vasilyevich Lyapidevsky, awarded this title back in 1934 for successful actions during the operation to save the Chelyuskintsev. In history, there are multiple Hero Star Cavalers, three times this awards were honored: Semyon Mikhailovich Budyona; Ivan Nikitovic Kozhevub and Alexander Ivanovich Pokshkinin, four times of Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov, and later Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. During the Second World War, the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union and, accordingly, 11,144 citizens were awarded the Golden Star.
Medal Golden Star Hero of the USSR in the premium system of the USSR
award
junior award
Description of other Awards of the Second World War USSR: Medal for courage of the USSR The highest medal in the award system of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the medal for the defense of the Caucasus for the award of the Red Army and civilians who participated in the defense of the Caucasus.
Golden Star Hero Medal of the USSR
The appearance of this award is directly related to the emergence of the highest degree of difference for the commission of the heroic attachment - the hero of the Soviet Union. Initially, together with the assignment of the title Hero of the USSR, the Order of Lenin was awarded. Later, a question arose how to distinguish the heroes from other ordinarians, because the Order of Lenin could be obtained for various merits. As a result, as a distinguishing mark for citizens who were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, this award was established.
There were many sketches at the competition, most of them contained portraits of Lenin and Stalin, as well as the symbols of the country, the Red Banner, the Red Star I.T.D. The best of them were selected and manufactured in the metal, and submitted to Stalin, the head of the USSR immediately pointed to the Golden Star. Initially, the medal was called and contained the inscription "Hero SS", but in October 1939 she was renamed and received its official name Medal "Golden Star" Hero of the Soviet Union, so as not to cause associations with the Nazi detachments "SS", the inscription on the "Hero of the USSR" was changed.
"To establish the highest degree of difference - the assignment of personal or collective services to the state related to the commission of the Heroian feat, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union."
In April 1934, 85 years ago, the title of the Soviet Union's Hero of the Soviet Union was established by the decision of the USSR CEC. It was assigned to special merits or feats in front of the country and the people. Until now, there are those who, without regretting their lives, defended the right of our great country to exist, defended it and performed a feat. And while we have the opportunity to speak with alive heroes or talk about them, we must value this and the possibility of this use.
The first heroes of the USSR - pool pilots
Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org.
The special decision of the USSR CEC, and since 1937, the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, established special rules for awarding and assigning the honorary status of the Hero of the Soviet Union. Interestingly, it was originally no signs of the differences, usual now, that is, such as the Golden Star or, was not envisaged. Awarded only an honorary certificate from the CEC of the USSR, which contained a description of the feat and the surname of the hero.
Nevertheless, with the first award, another year before the official introduction of title, an interesting case occurred. All seven famous pilots participating in the salvation of the shopping center "Chelyuskin" received the Order of Lenin. Especially for them was approved by the Regulations on the award, according to which he was supposed to give all the award-ranked Hero of the Order of Lenin. Moreover, they became heroes in 1934, when there was no official position and the ruling. Pilots A. Lyapidevsky, M. Vodopyanov, V. Molokov, I. Doronin, M. Slepnev, N. Kamanin and S. Leanievsky became not just the first heroes of the Soviet Union, they became truly folk heroes. Thousands of young men and girls, according to their example, went to the aircraft and on airports to help the country conquer such an inaccessible sky.
The first heroes are women. Source: https://www.pnp.ru.
The following were awarded civil war participants in Spain. The USSR then actively helped Republicans, and the awards were awarded 60 people. Among them appeared the first foreign warriors who fought in the ranks of the Soviet units - the Italian Primo Djibelly and Bulgarian Volkan Mountains.
Conflicts and the eastern borders of the USSR took place. Japanese militarists experienced the power of our country and tried the taste of the Soviet bayonet on and. As a result of these fights, the Japanese were defeated, and the number of Heroes of the USSR had already increased by 70 people, and the first twice heroes appeared. However, despite this, such a familiar Golden star has not yet appeared.
Birth of stars
On August 1, literally a month before the start of armed Japanese provocation on the Khalkhin-goal River in September 1939, a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR introduced a special distinctive sign for the heroes of the Soviet Union - the "Golden Star" medal. By decree on August 16, 1939, its appearance was approved. The first awards with new medals were made after the end of the conflict with the Japanese on the Khalkhin Gol River. Then the 421 serviceman of the Red Army received a star for the difference during the Soviet-Finnish war.
Order of Lenin and Star Hero of the Soviet Union. Source: https://www.pinterest.ru.
The medal is a golden five-pointed star with smooth bike beams on the front side. Golden star with a toe and ring connects with a gold-plated rectangular plate, which is covered with a red moored ribbon. The plate has on the back of a row pin with a nut to attach to clothing. On the back of the coin the medal there is an inscription "Hero of the USSR". All those heroes who received their honorary titles earlier than the star was introduced, they got it, and those who had no Order of Lenin, got him. From that moment on, in our country there was a sustainable and unchanged tradition of the honorary presentation of the highest award. The star could see several times, but the Order of Lenin was given only at the first award. With subsequent awards, the numbers on the reverse side of the medals were not in a row, but corresponded to the sequence numbers of the stored stars. With a rewarding on the Hero's homeland, a bronze bust was established. And since 1967, the USSR government has established special benefits in everyday life for awarded. Of course, most awards fall on the period of the Great Patriotic War.
Heroes of Fatherland
Winners heroes. Source: https://pinterest.com.
At the beginning of the heroes of the Soviet Union, 626 people were, among them there were three women - Marina Svalov, Valentina Grizodubova and Polina Osipenko. Five people became heroes twice. When the enemy attacked our homeland, all the people rose to her defense. All on the lips of such heroes like Gastello, Maresyev, sailors ... pilots, tankers, artilleryrs, sappers and sailors - perhaps there was not a single kind of troops who would not distinguish the whole Pleiagee's heroes. Many civilians and partisans were also awarded this high award. No wonder for the period of war accounts for 91% of all awards to the title of hero in the entire history of the award. In total during the war, the medal received 11,657 people, of which over 3 thousand are posthumously. Over 100 of them were awarded this title twice, and Georgy Zhukov, Ivan Kozhevube and Alexander Tashkin - three times.
The heroes of steel and 44 people from the allied to us armies, including 4 French pilots. Especially distinguished 167 twice the red-known Rifle division. Its ranks were the most awarded Hero Honor - 108 people.
Cosmonaut heroes.
The Medal of the Golden Star - what we need to know and what is the essential difference between the Golden Star from the Hero Hero of the Soviet Union.
The highest difference in the USSR was the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union. He was honored by citizens who committed a feat during combat operations or distinguished by other outstanding merits to the homeland. As an exception could be assigned in peacetime.
The title of Hero of the Soviet Union was established by the decision of the USSR CEC dated April 16, 1934.
Later, on August 1, 1939, as an additional sign of distinction, for the Heroes of the USSR, the medal "Golden Star" was approved, in the form of a five-pointed star fixed on a rectangular block.
At the same time, it was found that the decent title of the Hero who had repeatedly had a decent "Golden Star" medal was awarded. With a rewarding, his bronze bust was installed on the Hero's homeland. The number of awards by the title of the Hero of the Soviet Union was not limited.
More than 90 percent of the total number of heroes of the Soviet Union appeared in the country during the Great Patriotic War. This high rank was awarded 11 thousand 657 people, of which 3051 are posthumously. In this list, 107 fighters that have become twice with heroes (7 awarded posthumously), and 90 women (49 - posthumously) were also awarded.
On the picture: Three times Heroes of the Soviet Union (from left to right) Major General Aviation Aviation Tashkin A.I., Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov G.K. And Major General Aviation Kozdadub I.N. During a meeting in Moscow. A photograph provided Igor Bozhkov.
As a Pskov peasant repeated the feat of Susanin
The attack of Hitler's Germany in the USSR caused an unprecedented raising of patriotism.
The Great War brought a lot of grief, but she also opened the height of courage and character hardness, seemingly ordinary ordinary people.
So, who could expect heroism from the elderly Pskov peasant Matthew Kuzmin. In the first days of the war, he came to the draft board, but there he was dismissed - too old: "Go, grandfather, to grandchildren, we will understand without you."
Meanwhile, the front was inexorably shifted east. In the village of Kurakino, where Kuzmin lived, the Germans entered.
In February 1942, the elderly peasant was unexpectedly summoned to the commandant in the commander - the commander of the 1st Mornetral Division, the Kuzmin - an excellent tracker, perfectly knowing the terrain and ordered him to assist the fascists - to hold a German squad in the rear of the best battalion of the Soviet 3rd shock army .
"You will do everything as it should - I will pay well, and if not, the peary on yourself ...". "Yes, of course, of course, do not mind worrying, your graduate" - the Kuzmin felt preferably.
But after an hour, the tricky peasant sent the grandson with the note to our: "The Germans ordered a detachment to you in the rear, in the morning they assign them to the development of the village of Malkino, meet."
In the same evening, the fascist detachment with his conductor went on the road. Kuzmin drove the Nazis circles and deliberately exhausted the invaders: forced to climb the hills with steep slopes and getting through a thick shrub. "Well, you can do, your gradually, well, there is no other way here ...".
At dawn, tired and frozen fascists were on the fork in Malkino. "All guys came." "How come!?" "And so, here will rest and there will be visible ...". The Germans looked around - they walked the whole night, but moved from Kurakino just a couple of kilometers and now stood on the road in an open field, and twenty meters before them there was a forest, where, now they understood that, there was a Soviet ambush.
"Oh, you ..." - a German officer snatched a gun and discharged the whole clip in the old man. But at the same second, a rifle volley broke out of the forest, then another one, the Soviet machine guns were shot dead, the mortar denounced. The fascists rushed, shouted, randomly shot in all directions, but none of them gone alive.
The hero was killed and took with him 250 Hitler's occupiers. Matvey Kuzmin, born three years before the abolition of serfdom, became the most elderly hero of the Soviet Union. At that time he was 83 years old.
Matvey Kuzmin Such examples of the set. This patriotism is laid in each of us, regardless of age. More about patriotism in Russia
"The star of the hero" is a distinctive award sign, which was awarded to citizens of the USSR, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Golden Star medal began to be awarded to Russian citizens for exceptional merit to the Fatherland. The award has experienced a few changes and appeared in a few years, after the pilot Anatoly Lyapidevsky was awarded the title of Hero of the USSR.
Premium Sign of the USSR
A decree that it is necessary to establish a reward, appeared on August 1, 1939, but before the release of the award appeared the second decree, which brought into the first few changes.
"Golden Star" of the USSR
For example, initially the title, and the award was called the SS Hero, but after it was replaced, the reason for which the Second World War served. Officials believed that the CC abbreviation causes a negative association from citizens, reminding the SS of Fascist Germany, therefore the award, and the title, and at the same time the abbreviation on the "Golden Star" changed. Now the reward was awarded the heroes of the USSR.
Ivan Ivanovich Dubasov, who at that time was the main artist "Goznak" was engaged in the development of the Medal design.
The medal was made of two metals: silver and gold. For the manufacture of awards, high sample gold was used 950. Silver was part of the alloy, and a block was made of it.
The medal "Golden Star" was a sign of difference, which was awarded only to people awarded the highest title - Hero of the Soviet Union. The medal looked as follows:
- Star with five rays.
- Rays have two faces on the front side.
- The length of one beam is 11.5 mm.
- Reverse stars has a smooth surface.
- The surface of the reverse is limited to the rim.
- On the reverse there is an inscription.
- The inscription is made by convex letters.
- The size of letters is 4 by 2 mm.
- The distance from the center of the medal to the peak of the beam is 15 mm.
- The distance between two opposite rays is 30 mm.
The block, to which the reward is attached, was made of silver, she had several varieties. Changed depending on the year of release.
The total weight of the award is 34.260 g, gold in it approximately 20,500 g, silver - 12,200 g.
Although the shoe was made of silver, but the gilding was applied to her, the medal was attached to the block with the help of a ring and an ear. The pad was a rectangular plate, the height of which is 1.5 cm, and the width is 1.95 cm. And the block has a frame that are located in its upper and lower part.
The inner side of the block wrapped with a red ribbon made of silk. On the basis of it there are slots. The block has an uneven pin and nut from the inside: it is necessary so that you can attach a medal with a block to clothing. The weight of the pad is about 13 grams, the width of the silk tape, which adorns the inner side, is 20 cm.
Premium sign facilities:
- until October 1943 was produced with a rectangular block, did not have an intermediate link, fastened through connecting rings;
- with an intermediate connecting ring of a small size and a rectangular block.
For awarding the medal reversed, the Roman number II and the number were applied to its reverse. The same thing happened in the case, if the "star" was handed to a person on the third and fourth time: Roman figures III and IV were applied to the reverse, as well as the number.
If a citizen has lost a reward for a good reason, he was given it again, but the letter "D" was applied to the reverse, which testified that the man got a duplicate. A good reason was considered a loss of award as a result of hostilities.
The largest number of medals were awarded during the Second World War, after the "star" handed astronauts, pilots and other outstanding citizens who distinguished during the war in Afghanistan and the Korean War. Over the years of World War I, the award was presented with 11 144 citizens, until the beginning of the war of the war, only 625 people were honored.
In the history of Russia
With the collapse of the USSR, the situation in the country has changed. Award the Hero of the USSR to citizens "Star" was already inappropriate, therefore it was decided that the introduction of award was required, which would be awarded particularly distinguished citizens. Thus, on March 20, 1992, a decree was published on the establishment of the title of Hero of Russia and award.
"Golden Star" Hero of Russia
In the Russian Federation there was a medal made of gold, it was not much different from the one that was awarded to citizens of the USSR, but still some differences were.
- On the reverse medals on the smooth surface there is an inscription: "The Hero of Russia", previously it was the "Hero of the USSR".
- Golden star connects with a block with a toe and rings.
- Instead of a red ribbon of silk, began to use a ribbon of three colors. Silk tricolor is perfectly combined with gold.
- Weight is 21.5 grams.
The material from which the Golden Star began to make did not change, to wear the award accepted on the left side. It should be higher than other premium signs and medals.
Sulambek Susarkolovich Oskanov was the first to be awarded the title of Hero of Russia, Major Aviation received him posthumously. On February 7, when performing a flight task, a failure of techniques occurred, as a result of which Major died. The award was awarded on April 11, 1992.
But according to the leadership, the hero of Russia was supposed to be a living person, so the title and medal also assigned the widow of the deceased pilot.
Special love of both at the time of the USSR, and in Russia, astronauts used, so the award was presented quite often.
According to the latest estimates, which are dated 22.11.2016, the number of awarded is 1040 people, while 473 of them are awarded the title posthumously. But statistics are not considered accurate, since the lists of the awarded are not published, to calculate the number of heroes is quite difficult, despite the available data.
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