An apple is a truly unique product, from which there can be not only benefits, but, alas, harm to the human body. Among fruits, it is a very common product, since practically all year round is present in our diet. Fragrant fruits are used in various forms, for example, they are used to prepare compotes, which contain a large amount of vitamins, preserves, marmalades, jam, or they are simply processed into juice. Let's try to figure out who should and who shouldn't eat red-sided, green or sunny yellow fruit so that it brings only health.
The benefits of apples. What vitamins and minerals does it contain?
Many have heard that the apple is very often called the fruit of health - this is true, it contains a large amount of vitamins such as C, B1, B2, P, E, as well as manganese and potassium. Fruit pulp is an easily absorbed source of iron. Apples are used not only for prevention colds but also for treatment severe ailments up to malignant neoplasms... Adequate potassium helps to stabilize blood pressure, well, calcium is necessary to strengthen tooth enamel and bone tissue... Do not forget that apples are almost hypoallergenic and can be consumed by most of the world's population.
The fiber contained in green varieties takes a long time to digest and does not give long time feel hungry. These fruits also contain pectin, which will help improve the complexion and help prolong the youthfulness and freshness of the skin.
The benefits of baked apples are also great, as they do not lose a large amount of nutrients during heat treatment.
Harm of juicy fruits for women, men and children
Nowadays, apple diets are very common, thanks to which it is supposedly efficiently burned excess fat... And therefore, people should not forget that being on it, because of coarse fiber colitis may worsen and work may be disrupted gastrointestinal tract... The harm is especially great for those with gastritis or duodenal ulcer.
Apple seeds contain a large amount of iodine, and in order not to harm the body, it is recommended to consume no more than 5 pieces per day. They contain acid, which for the human body is strong poison... If you limit yourself to the recommended amount, then the seeds, on the contrary, will be beneficial for the body.
Is it possible to eat them with gastritis
You can eat apples, just choose sweet varieties. Due to the content of carotene, iron, manganese, potassium and calcium in them, they are recommended for intestinal infections... With an exacerbation of gastritis in the first week, you should eat only fruits baked in the oven.
With the help of fruits, you can improve health and treat gastritis. To do this, wash the green fruits thoroughly, peel and grate. It is recommended to eat gruel early in the morning, since you cannot eat anything for 4 hours before and after taking, but by 11 o'clock you can have breakfast in peace. It is not recommended to consume the grated fruit at night, as it promotes gas formation, which can worsen well-being and sleep. The first month apples in this form should be eaten daily, the second - 3 times a week and the third - 1 time. But all this should be combined with the prescribed diet, that is, exclude spicy and salty foods, fatty foods, coffee, strong tea, fresh bread.
Useful properties of apples for weight loss
The fruit is the basis of various diets, as well as fasting days. This product allows you not only to effectively reduce weight, but also improve your health. In order not to torture yourself strict diets and at the same time to achieve the desired result, you just need to include apples in your diet, arranging fasting days.
To reduce weight, you should arrange fasting days 1-2 times a week, and for prevention, once a month will be enough. And you also need to know the following nuances:
- First you need to determine which varieties are right for you, since with high acidity you can not eat sour apples, and with low acidity they are appropriate, they are quite appropriate.
- Grated fruits are better absorbed, but do not remove the peel from them, as it contains large quantity nutrients.
- On a diet, it is best to eat raw apples or after minimal heat treatment.
Apple peel: why you shouldn't take it off and throw it away
Many of us doubt its benefits, trying to carefully peel off the skin.
The peel of apples contains both insoluble fibers, which remove excess cholesterol from the blood, and soluble ones, which in turn remove cholesterol from the liver. Thanks to numerous tests, it was possible to find out that the antioxidants contained in the skin of the fetus help slow down the growth of cancer cells.
How to store them in winter
Of course, apples can be stored all winter and there is nothing difficult about that, the main thing is to choose the right variety, carefully remove them from the tree and create suitable conditions.
To keep the apples well, it is recommended to wipe each of them with a cloth moistened with glycerin or wrap it in thin paper. Best capacity storage is a box or cardboard box. The fruits must be carefully laid and sprinkled with sawdust or shavings. When storing, you need to follow certain rules: do not store them with strongly smelling foods, such as onions and garlic; room humidity should be about 85-90%.
Video about useful properties
Archives Day is an unofficial professional russian holiday all employees of the archives. The holiday "" is celebrated annually in our country on March 10. This holiday was established on March 5, 2002, the initiator of its creation was the board of the Federal archival service Russia.
For the Day of Archives, workers in this field usually timed various talks and lectures, exhibitions, meetings with the public and the media.
Why is it on March 10 that the "Archives Workers' Day" is celebrated annually? Tsar Peter the First in 1720 signed the "General Regulations or Charter" on March 10 according to the new style. This document became the first state act in Russia. It defined the foundations of the organization of the Russian government controlled... In addition, the tsar ordered the introduction of archives in all government bodies of the Russian state. The General Regulations ordered the central government agencies to keep compulsory records of government papers and transfer documents to the archives.
The same document in our country for the first time established the state position of an actuary (archivist) - an employee of archives. This is how the archival service was born in our state. From that time on, the documents of the collegia, intended for long-term or eternal storage, had to be transferred to one common archive, which functioned under the collegium of foreign affairs.
History of archiving
On this beautiful spring holiday on March 10, Archives Day, one should remember how it all began. So.
Do not think that archives did not exist at all until 1720. In fact, archives were known in ancient times and were available to almost all civilized peoples.
Enough rapid development archival work fell on the time of the emperors, especially the Byzantine Empire, in which all the most important documents were kept in the palace of the emperor.
During the Middle Ages, European rulers also paid great attention to the creation of archives. Then the archives appeared in cities.
Although the name "archive" for the first time in Russian legislation appeared only during the reign of Peter the Great, the very concept of storing acts in Russia has been known for a long time. For the first time, written acts began to spread in Pskov and Novgorod. Then the question arose about how to store them. Initially, they were kept in monasteries and churches, then special premises were allocated for this.
In Soviet times, archivists also had their own professional holiday, but it was celebrated on June 1. On this day in 1918, a decree was issued providing for the reorganization and centralization of archival affairs in the Soviet Union.
The same document was established by the Main Directorate of Archival Affairs (GUAD) or Glavarkhiv, which became the first all-Russian archival administration body. This institution is currently called the Federal Archival Agency of Russia (Rosarkhiv). Then, on March 5, 2003, the board of the Federal Archival Service issued a decree on the transfer of professional holiday archivists on March 10.
The Archive Fund of the Russian Federation includes all archival documents that are located on the territory of Russia, regardless of the type of medium, the time and method of their creation, the place of storage, the source of their origin and forms of ownership.
Archive fund Russian Federation subdivided into two large parts: state and non-state. State archives, in turn, are divided into federal archives and archives of the subjects of the federation.
Archive activities
Over the years of their activity, many generations of archivists managed to develop the main directions of this profession. Their main responsibilities include ensuring the safety of documents, as well as their collection (acquisition) and scientific use. We can say that modern archives are witnesses of the history of formation and development Russian state... And the work of the archivists is interesting and even extraordinary.
It is undeniable that the archives have the most important historical, social, scientific, economic, political and cultural significance.
It should be noted that the archives are updated all the time. In the Archive Fund of the Russian Federation, archival documents are stored on shelves, the approximate length of which is 8.5 thousand kilometers. At the same time, the volume of archival documents annually increases by approximately 1.7 million storage units. The earliest of them date back to the 11th century, and the most recent date back to today.
Archives can be called repositories of historical memory. The work of archivists is not only about issuing copies of documents or archival certificates. Employees of this service also participate in publishing projects, they prepare interesting exhibitions based on documentary materials, conduct lectures, talks and excursions, as well as carry out publications and messages in the media, etc. All this contributes to the increase general culture population and interest in the past.
The archives are always visited by numerous researchers, since they contain a lot of useful and even unique information.
Not so long ago, archivists in their work mainly used only pen and paper. Since the early nineties of the last century, computers, printers and scanners have appeared at their disposal.
A modern archivist is not only a qualified specialist in his field, he also knows how to competently use the achievements of information computer technologies in his work. This profession currently requires deep knowledge not only of the specifics of archiving, but also historical knowledge, knowledge of many legal issues, the ability to work with computers and duplicating equipment.
We sincerely congratulate all specialists on the holiday of March 10, the Day of Archives. From the bottom of our hearts we wish you successful work, happy family life and a confident tomorrow. May all your wishes come true, and dreams lead to big and daring incarnations.
This day is celebrated unofficially, however, it has long been fixed on March 10th. Although Archives Day originally passed complete procedure approval within the framework of the Federal Archival Service, the signature of the president under the decree, however, as well as the decree itself on the establishment of an official holiday for archivists, there was no such thing.
Archive history
March 10 is historical date for everyone involved in archives. On this day in 1720, Peter the Great signed an act, according to which he prescribed the introduction of all government bodies the authorities of special archives, where various important documents would be kept. Moreover, the storage time of each document was regulated by its limitation period. The Day of Archives in Russia began with this decree, and another unprecedented profession was born - an archivist. The main task of these specialists is to neatly store important documents, and also by cataloging and organizing papers to be able to quickly access them. It can be said that the famous Peter's reforms began in Russia with the establishment of the archival service.
An important mission
The storage of documents is important not only from the point of view of jurisprudence, as it has a great cultural and historical task. It is thanks to the precise work of archivists that we have the opportunity to find out how people lived several centuries ago, which means to learn a little more about our history, about ourselves. It's not just storage of important historical information, but also documents capable of preserving the country's sovereignty, ensuring the security of its borders, as well as continuing scientific and technical experiments without a time gap, passing on the accumulated knowledge and best practices from generation to generation. However, you should think about this not only on the day of the archives on March 10, but as often as possible.
Statistics
In our time, the archives of the Russian Federation are truly gigantic knowledge and a huge document flow. It was estimated in 2008 alone that the repository numbered over 600 million units on a wide variety of media. Moreover, the first of the documents date back to the 11th century - a time when there were not only methods for storing documents, but also the very concept of the safety of some pieces of paper.
Top secret
Every year, on Archives Day, an interesting document is declassified. Naturally, if his information cannot harm the interests of the country. Therefore, people are looking forward to this unofficial holiday with great interest. Which one former secrets will be made public on this day of archives?
When is the Day of the Archives of Russia in 2019
No one will doubt important role archives, because they are repositories of history, our past, invaluable experience in the development and formation of the country. By the Decree of the Great Reformer Peter I in 1720 on March 10, according to the new style, the archives were opened in all state institutions. At the same time, the position of an actuary (now an archivist) appeared, who was ordered to "diligently collect letters, repair the registers, and rewrite sheets." in Russia 2017 will be celebrated for the 297th time, in just 3 years the employees of the Russian archival service will celebrate their 300th anniversary.
Holiday Archives Day 2017
In Russia, each large enterprise there is a small archive that stores documents and business correspondence production-related. In any city and village there are also repositories of historical events, which can be used to track changes in the names of streets, enterprises, cultural objects, educational institutions- in one word all historical process given settlement... One can imagine how great the detachment of archivers is, whose professional holiday falls on March 10th. V large cities and regional centers On Archives Day 2017, events take on a wide scale - conferences are held where archive workers share their experiences, raise their concerns, and there are quite a few of them. In our time, when electronic technologies are actively developing, storing information in paper form is rapidly losing its relevance. Translating a large amount of documentation into digital format requires appropriate equipment and skills. The routine work of archivers is being replaced by a more progressive form of accounting. This question is especially relevant when it concerns valuable historical documents drawn up on paper. As you know, this material tends to deteriorate and decay, the ink fades and disappears over time. The employees of the archives, who are in charge of the ancient manuscripts, are responsible for their preservation and restoration, scanning the primary sources and keeping them in electronic form is incomparably more reliable. Therefore, today's archivists undergo retraining and improve their qualifications. To keep up with the times, they, in addition to professional knowledge, must:
- have the skills to work with various media;
- be able to use computers and other office equipment;
- using new technologies to digitize all available material.
But there are still archives in the country, where progress has not reached. It remains the responsibility of the support staff to ensure the proper storage conditions for the papers. It is necessary to monitor the temperature and humidity in the room, observe the measures fire safety, keep a careful record of all stored documentation.
Features of the profession of archive workers
The service associated with the storage of historical documents seems boring and monotonous only at first glance. In fact, most archivers are very educated people, their work is related to historical events and important documents. By virtue of their profession, they get to know unique facts, which took place many decades, or even centuries ago, because the historical past of the country is a fascinating material. Russian Day of Archives 2017 will be celebrated by people responsible for the preservation of the most important historical heritage all areas of science, technology, culture, education. The history of the Russian state, its military exploits, scientific achievements and discoveries of world significance - all this is invaluable material for posterity. Thanks to the totality of information, you can get a complete and reliable picture of the country's development.
The profession of an archivist is within the power of attentive people with a good memory, and since work is connected with people, you need to have the appropriate human qualities - tolerance, sociability, delicacy.
Ordinary citizens actively use the services of archives: someone needs to find the missing years for registration of pensions, someone compiles the genealogical tree of their family, and someone is looking for a street that has been renamed - all this information is carefully stored in the archives and is provided at the request of clients ... Scientific information is of undeniable value; from the archives, an inquisitive people recognize and restore ancient models of the first aircraft, models of sailboats or costumes of our ancestors, which are later exhibited in museums. The archives also store state secrets, access to which becomes possible after the expiration of time. In the State Archives of the Russian Federation, which occupies two buildings - along Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 17 and Berezhkovskaya embankment, 26, there are about 7 million files related to the history of Russia in the XIX-XXI centuries, many documents have access to work on them. reading rooms... The restoration of historical moments is unthinkable without archives, and the Archives Day celebrated on March 10 is a holiday of people whose work is so needed by the country. We congratulate them on their professional holiday and wish them further success in their work.
(2 votes, average: 5,00 out of 5)Per centuries-old history humanity has accumulated a colossal amount of historical, cultural, literary, political, economic, educational, public documents and data as various organizations, institutions, governments of countries, ministries, educational and educational institutions and many others, and every inhabitant of the planet - evidence human activity and the actions of people.
Gradually, the world community came to an objective decision on the need to systematize work with both a huge legacy and modern documentation. As a result, on June 9, 1948, by decision of UNESCO, the International Council on Archives (ISA) was founded. Today the ISA unites about 1.9 thousand members from more than 199 countries.Later, in 2007, the date June 9 formed the basis for the establishment of the professional holiday of the International Day of Archives. The date was set by the International Council on Archives at the General Assembly in Quebec, Canada.
ISA is professional organization of the global archival community, is non-governmental in nature and serves to provide support for archives around the world. Supreme body Management of the UIA is the General Assembly. Between meetings The General Assembly the Council is chaired by the Executive Committee. Financing International Council archives are carried out by its members from various archives around the planet.
© Sputnik / Igor Zarembo
ISA brings together national archival departments, professional associations of archivists, regional and local archives, archives of various organizations and individual archivists. The advice does not depend on political processes and influences, and its members can be both state, public and private archival institutions, and their individual representatives. At the same time, the UIA cooperates with intergovernmental organizations, including UNESCO (UNESCO), Council of Europe (Council of Europe), IFLA ( International Federation library associations and institutions), ICCROM ( International Center research in the field of preservation and restoration of cultural property) and others.
The main task of the ISA sees the preservation of the world archival heritage, the protection and expansion of the memory of the world and assistance in the realization of the right of peoples to know and study their history.
Without the past, there is no present and future
In fact, archival institutions, like the profession of an archivist (archivist), have existed on earth for thousands of years, but in ordinary life the work of the archives' staff, regardless of their regional and national identity, is not conspicuous to anyone. Nevertheless, practically no side of life and work of people around the world can do without their knowledge and skills.
Archivists provide access to retrospective documentary information, helping to understand the past and solve the problems of the present.
The leadership of the International Council of Archives, establishing a professional holiday, hoped that the archivists of each country, thanks to International Day archives, will be able to draw the attention of the public of their state annually to the problems associated with the storage and management of documentation within the framework of existing archives, as well as remind of the importance of preserving archival documentation as a collective heritage and memory of society.
Archival excellence from time immemorial
The first archives on earth were combined with libraries where they collected and artwork and official government documents, and court sentences, and even metric records of residents.
The first library-archives appeared in Mesopotamia, and they were not only urban, but also private archives that belonged to ordinary artisans. Starting from the first Sumerian archives, people not only collected important and memorable documents, but sorted and systematized them, for which they used clay tablets with certain marks (cuneiform - Ed.). Each plate was placed on the shelf with documents and helped to find the required job faster and easier. This is how data storage technology was formed.In the Assyrian libraries, the process of storing and organizing written works was significantly improved: the works were not only stored, but also rewritten in order to increase the safety of data, which, moreover, was checked for authenticity and reliability. During the development of the Assyrian libraries, the famous Ashurbanipal library appeared.
Unlike Mesopotamia, where records were kept in the form of cuneiform, in Ancient egypt the texts were written on papyrus. Each Egyptian library had special caretakers who oversaw the preservation of books and structured catalogs of diplomatic letters, laws, sacred texts, city documents, mathematical, medical and astronomical works, moral codes, and collections of poetry. It was the Egyptian libraries, especially the library of the Pharaoh, that had a tremendous impact on the archives. Ancient rome and Greece, which are considered among the most significant in the world.
© Sputnik / A. Zotov
When the Roman Empire collapsed, virtually none western country I haven't done archiving for a long time. Only Byzantium continued to preserve historical documents and texts and develop archival work. It was in Byzantium thanks to a large number various libraries, a technology for the preservation of documents by belonging to a particular department appeared.
In Europe, archives revived after the development of Christianity. In France, in the 6th century, the first archives appeared in monasteries and kept not only church, but also historical works... City archives appeared in the country only seven centuries later. Spain also had its own archives, but mostly only city ones. They kept royal decrees and other essential documents... In England, the development of archiving came along with the Norman conquest of the country - archives began to appear not only in monasteries, but also in universities and city councils. It was in England that they first began to use act books, in which a census of all documents in the archives was carried out.
Started its activity on January 1, 1999. However, the national archival system dates back to the first mention of the Republic of Estonia, when the State Central Archives was established in Tartu on March 3, 1920. The law on archives appeared later - in 1935.
© Sputnik / Vadim Antsupov
V Soviet time the archive in Estonia continued to operate as a government institution and was subordinate to the leadership in Moscow. In the 1990s, after Estonia left the USSR, archival self-government returned. According to the Archives Act, adopted in 1998, the Estonian National Archives, including the Historical Archives in Tartu, came into operation as early as 1999. State Archives and a film archive in Tallinn, as well as 15 rural archives throughout Estonia. Currently, thanks to the development information technologies there is an archival information system in Estonia, which allows to combine data from various fields and different regions countries and provide access to them in the most user-friendly way.
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