The ratio of floors in the population is an important factor that determines the size of the increase and the norm of use. The political composition of the herd of boars undergo geographic and age variability. At the stage of embryos in Central Asia, the Volga delta and the Caucasus prevail - 60 - 66% (Sadden, 1956, Lavrovsky, 1962). In the Far East, the ratio of floors in embryos 1: 1. In the west of the range in Belovezhskaya, among the female embryos, 45% (goat, 1969) are composed.

Among adults, the sexual relationship is approaching 1: 1 with some predominance (50.9%) of females for populations of Central Asia (Sadden, 1956) and Caucasus (52%, Donaurov and, Heat, 1938).

Reducing the participation of pigs among adult individuals is explained by their increased death under adverse conditions (floods, harsh winters, predators, etc.), as well as during dotted hunting with dogs. Among adults are dominated by males (64%) in the west of the range (Severs and Sablin, 1953), and according to P. G. Kozlova (1969), the secsi is 55.6%.

In the Pereslavsky state forestry farm, males accounted for 49%, females 51% of the livestock.

The age structure of the population also determines the increase in the population, so the definition and understanding of its changes are necessary for the proper management of the economy on the boar. In the kaban population, the following classes of age are distinguished: piglets (sebots), swelling (agudoviki and two years) and adults (three-year olders and older). Sometimes adults are broken down by class classes: 2 - 3 years, 2nd years, 5 years, 6 years and older. In a normal population, the proportion of age groups decreases with increasing age.

In the population of Belovezhskaya forest, the age structure looks like this. The greatest percentage is the piglets of about 50% (with fluctuations over the years from 44% to 64%), the subtitus in different years range from 8.9% to 22.6%, adults - from 17.9%, to 31.1% of herd (Severs, Sablin, 1953; Goat, 1969).

In the lower reaches Or, by many years of data, age The composition is as follows: piglets - 49.8%, livestock, swelling - 13.5% and adult individuals - 36.7%.

In the Pereslavsky state forestry farm, the age structure of herd in 1965 - 1967. It was characterized by such a percentage: piglets 39.9 - 55.0%, the subtitus - 20 - 31.1%, adults 22.2 - 39.0% (Ivanova, Rykovsky, 1967).

Poland and age structure are very dynamic categories that are strongly changing over the years, depending on the conditions of the year, population density and the magnitude of the fishery.

The change age Kabanov structures occurs as a result of spontaneous. Disasters: Badmiths, floods, epizootia, etc. During such disasters, 2 / s livestock is killed, and the recoverable part of the population undergoes "rejuvenation".

Such a picture was repeatedly observed in Belovezhskaya Pushcha (Kartsev, 1910, Goat, 1969). A similar phenomenon noted A. A. Saddensky (1956), when, following the mass death of boars during floods in 1946 and 1947. In the future, the herd was rejuvenated and the percentage of young individuals in the population was 63.3%.

In the areas of grades of boars, in particular in the Pereslavsky State Foresthew System, we observed that in the period after the release of large batches of boars shift age The structures took place in the direction of the increase in young individuals. In 1967 - 1969 The share of adults decreased to 17%, and the cuts and piglets increased to 83%. The reason for this, firstly, the outbreak of reproduction from the delivered individuals and good survival of young people, thanks to feeding and guarding and, secondly, a lot of participation in the batches of imported animals piglets (up to 82%).

Intensive hunting for boar in separate areas leads to the rejuvenation of herd, large adults are rare.

A. A. Sadden (1956) notes that after the season, when intensive hunting with dogs was carried out, the number of seccces increases, since such a hunting method is first mined, pigs with piglets and a swelling are mined. According to the same author in 1949 in the Stade of Kabanov, the lower river. Or there were 30% of the secccy, 11% of pigs, 4.2% of the counters and 54.2% piglets. The effect of the mentioned method of hunting is obvious.

To calculate profits from pig breeding, it is important to know the live weight of animals. It is impossible to put a boar for scales, but there are methods for which animals can be measured without them. A beginner farmer needs not only to know how to determine the weight of the pig without weights, but also to understand the averages for animals of different ages and the breed, so that it is necessary to correct their nutrition if necessary and achieve the maximum profitability of production.

The average weight of the pig depends on several main factors:

1. Age;
2. Breed;
3. Feeding conditions and content.

Like people, pigs sometimes put their weight records - there are more tons of animal achievements, and the length of its body has almost reached 3 m. There are also dwarf individuals, which are kept as decorative animals. On average, representatives of rocks, most often bred in agriculture, reach a living mass from 140 kg (the weight of Vietnamese pigs) to 350 kg (large white pigs).

Borov breed big white

How many swords weighing reproductive age depends on their gender. Adult boys are usually heavier than 100 kg sow. So, the female of the white pig on average weighs 200-240 kg, and the male - up to 360 kg. However, with good feeding and low mobility, a large sow can be compared with a mass with an average boar and weigh about 330 kg.

Weight piglets depends on how correctly they are refilled. At birth, the mass of the piglet does not exceed 1 kg, but at 7 months, when the animal reaches puberty and begins to eat naturally, it comes to 90-110 kg.

To control the process of feeding, it is important to know how much piglets weigh the last months:

• 0 months - when piglets are born, their weight on average is 800-1000 g, up to 1400 g in large breeds and not more than 600 g from representatives of the Vietnamese rock. If the pig is born too small, it can affect the further set of mass and the productivity of the animal. To avoid problems, the sow is necessary to feed well during pregnancy.
• 1 month - up to 9 kg. The mass is quoted quickly, as the cub is powered by maternal milk.
• In 2 months, the pig starts to feed the specially composed of the diet, and in 3 months the average weight of the pig reaches 25 kg.
• Starting from 3 months, the pig is starting to actively refill, so the weight of 4 months comes to 60 kg.
• In 6 months, the animal approaches the reproductive age, its weight comes up to 80 kg.

For more information on the average amount of piglets on weeks, you can learn from the weight table of piglets.

The adult pig is becoming 9-10 months. The mass of pigs of young age begins with a 130 kilogram, they reach the maximum size by the end of the first year. However, already upon receipt of one and a half centners of the live weight of pigs, they can be scored.

How to measure the weight of an adult pig

In order to find out the real mass of the animal and compare it with how much an adult pig weighs, you will need a measuring tape, a special table, calculation formulas and calculator. The pig breeding uses three methods for determining the mass, characterized by accuracy.

Measurement on the table

If the test of pig breeding is not enough to determine the mass of animals on the eye, you will have to spend some measurements. You need to know only two parameters: body length from the nape before the start of the tail and chest girth behind the blades. The head during the removal of the measure should be sent forward, and not inclined, and to be on the same axis with the torso, so the animal will have to get carried away for a while.

To simplify the measurement, some rules must be followed:

• It is necessary to measure the animal early in the morning;
• Before measuring, the pig does not need to feed;
• You should use a soft tape, without induce it into the skin of the animal, so as not to cause unpleasant sensations from it and observe the measurement accuracy.

The resulting dimensions are searched in a special pig weight table (given above), in which the vertically lists the possible lengths of the body, and horizontally - chest girths. In the cell at the intersection of parameters there is an exemplary mass of the animal. The measurement error in this case is 4-11%.

Calculation by formula

A special formula is used to compile a table for which it is possible to calculate the weight of the animal with a higher accuracy independently.

Live mass \u003d 1.54 × x + 0.99 × k - 150

• X - chest girth in cm;
• K - the length of the body in cm.

The accuracy in this case is higher, but a pair of% can be deducted from the result if some volume of absorbed food is taken into account.

Calculation of the category of fatness

A more accurate formula is based on fatness. It is also more convenient, as it is possible to find out the weight of the pig without weights and the table with it. To use it, it is also necessary to learn the length of the body and chest girth, the coefficient (which is 150 in the previous formula and one for all cases) changes depending on how much the part is fattened.

Live weight \u003d (x × k) / n

• X - chest girth in cm;
• K - the length of the body in cm.
• N is the ratio ratio. It equals 142 for fatty, 156 for medium and 162 for thin animals.

• Body shape;
• The thickness of the strip, determined to the touch for the prostheliness of the vertebrae of the thoracic spine;
• Paul and age.

Fat, or greasyThe pigs have rounded shapes, their neck merges with the blades, the back is wide and smooth, without visible outlines of individual parts. The spiche has a thickness of 7 cm, the vertebrae is not tested. Also, political pigs include the same characteristics, only they can have a thickness of 5-7 cm.

Normal, ham and bacon, Pigs, entering the middle category of fatness, have a spicent of 3-5 cm thick, solid fat. The torso is even, the stomach does not respond. The spinal proceeds can be forgiven, with an effort to pressing on the skin in the region of 6 and 7 of the breast vertebrae. The weight of the adult pig from this category does not exceed 110 kg.

Thin, or meat, Pigs have a spicent with a thickness of 1.5-3 cm, the vertebrae is easy to grope, but they do not protrude through the skin. Signs of fatness appear weakly, the interception of the blades is visible.

Thus, it is not necessary to be a specialist to determine a living mass with sufficient accuracy - the starting pigs will help the table weight of pigs, and with experience it will be possible to weigh an animal on the eyes. The methods described can be used not only to learn the weight of the boar, but also for measuring the pig - formulas are used the same. The difference between singular ages is only that very small piglets can be measured on the scales, just holding on their hands.

Video: Weighing piglets of the Vietnamese breed

Know how much the pig weighs on average and how to measure the weight of the pig, it is important not only to determine the profit from the sale of pork, but also to care for animals - the selection of the diet to maintain its health, calculating drug dosages, etc. In addition, the mass is used when determining the category of pigs.

Sebolets

They have a children's shape, short fig, small ears, covered with short bristles. Light spots are well noticeable on the head .. The painting of the housing is striped, yellowish brown, which keeps up to 5--6 months, completely disappears in August. The tail is short and thin, reaching the middle of the hip. In the winter outfit, the case seems more powerful thanks to the abrasion. Legs are relatively short and covered with dark hair. With good lighting and on a short distance at this time, a tassel is already noticeable. On the illustration on the right, the letter A is indicated by the segments at the age of 4 months, the letter b - 8 months ..

Cancer

Next class age "SVIDENTS". It is considered from year to 2 years. There is no more accurate definition, since even the boars older than the older look like a classic swelling. The head due to the abstract winter bristles seems short and stupid, children's forms completely disappear. The shape of the case becomes more powerful, especially in the front part, light strips are not peeled. On the lips, it is clearly seen a bloating through which the isy of the lower fangs is viewed. The ears are short, covered with powerful bristles. The tail is long, almost to the jumping joint, with a tassel at the end. By December, the length of the lower fangs is equal to an average of 116 mm. The width at the base is 19.0 mm., At the beginning of the sleeve - 12.0 mm. The number of brandt - 1.6 girth of the upper fangs of 54 mm. Middle weight 38.0 kg. On the illustration on the left - the male, on the right - the female. The question of weight is quite controversial. Since it depends entirely or from the abundance of natural feed, or from the corresponding feeding. So, for example, in the Moscow Regional Society sebolets Reach weight 41 kg. Thanks to abundant feeding, naturally the weight of the feedback is significantly higher. At the same time in societies, where not everything is so safe, weight indicators are significantly lower. This example is given to emphasize the exceptional value of winter feeding.

In appearance, three age groups can be distinguished: piglets (segolets), swelling (two years) and adult individuals. It is especially easy to distinguish between piglets and adults, it is harder to distinguish between the cuttings, since a large sweeper can be confused with a pig.

Pigs are characterized by smaller dimensions, painted lighter adults (light color is saved up to a year) and longoneg. Svilkins (for the 2nd year of life) develops the withers, bristles grow up along the back. Adult animals are massive sweeping, bristles on the back grows stronger. Especially good is the difference manifests itself in secccy.

In the field, it is quite possible to distinguish between the adult male from the pig, and not only because the secation is long bending fangs (just the fangs on the distant distance at dusk are poorly visible), but rather along the silhouette. The males are distinguished by a larger head, the massive front of the body, they have a stronger than the well-developed withers and a more magnificent "mane" on the ridge of the back. They look slightly females, perhaps due to the fact that their torso is flattened from the sides, and in the females of the body of the barrel.

In young individuals - piglets and swelling - sexual demorphism is poorly developed.

Pigs usually weigh 25 - 45 kg (the weight of the beast largely depends on the feeding conditions and the timing of breeding), the subtitus - up to 65 - 70 kg (with good feed sometimes more), adult animals: females from 120 to 180, males - from 140 up to 200 kg. The weight of the largest secccy reaches 260 and more kg.

The most affordable definition of age is the development of the dental system and the degree of womb. Two works of determining the age of boar for this technique are known: for Western European boar (goat, 1975) and for Ussuri Kaban (Bromley, 1969). Below is a description of the dental system of boars of different age groups to the autumn-winter season, i.e. during the hunting period.

Piglets (7 - 11 months) - Total teeth 36. To this age, the 3rd dairy cutter Replaced with constant, and 1 and 2nd incisors are noticeably erased. Begins the change of milk fangs. Anxiously dairy, but begin to be used. In the 3rd front tooth tooth, the chewing surface becomes cone-shaped. At the 1st large indigenous tooth by 10 to 11 months, chewing bugs are smoothed.

Swells (18 - 23 months) - all teeth 40. To this age, the change of dairy teeth to constant is usually ends. The second big native tooth Fully developed.

Two-year individuals - all teeth 40 - 42. Begins to develop the 3rd indigenous tooth. Overcome completely differentiated and have erased vertices. Fangs of males reach lengths up to 40 mm, in females they are noticeably shorter.

Three-anniversary individuals - the number of teeth 44. The cutters are weakly erased, the spraying is increasing. Starting 1 and 2nd renewed teeth.

Four-year individuals. All the teeth are traces of the womb, and most importantly, begins to smooth the 3rd rearranged tooth, where Dentin's dashes appear.

Pentiguous individuals. In 1 and 2 cutters, the top internal sides are stepping. As a result of erasing, the cutters are shortened. The surfaces of the front and rear rooted teeth are strongly cut, and the 1 and 2nd are erased by the bugs and folds of enamel, denin takes a star form, especially for the 3rd large indigenous tooth, although he remains more bumps. In the secccy on the upper fangs there are transverse grooves that correspond to the age of the beast (this feature does not appear in all individuals).

Six and seven-year-old individuals. The cutters are strongly feasible and shortened. Indigenous teeth are much stronger than in animals of previous ages. The domestic teeth denin protrudes with dark stripes, the lumps and separate dentin stars are beginning to be stitched with dark spots. The 1st large indigenous tooth starts the crown.

Eight-year-old individuals and elder individuals. The teeth begin to collapse and fall out. The 3rd incisors and 1 and the 2nd oppressive teeth are especially common. Fangs gradually thinned. The crown of all indigenous teeth erased. For old individuals (10 years and older), posterior teeth are erased almost to the gum, the folds of the enamel disappear.

Hunt for boar How fascinating is so dangerous. Wounded boar or frightened female with young people are dangerous. The hunter with experience explains why it is worth risking life. Each hunt has an ideal script. This is when everything goes like a written one - and the beast runs out in the right place, and the hunter is always labels, and the photo with trophy then lists on the wall of your apartment or country house.

Cabanium hunting

For the most popular - corrugated - hunting for boar, the perfect scenario is such.

In the fall, before the opening of the hunting season on the ungulate, the huntsman circles the land. Inspect the places where boars usually hold. This is usually forest areas, where animals feed. When traces of boars are found, you can arrange a pen. Hunters, or how they are called them in these cases - arrows (usually from six to twenty people) are located on one side of the forest array, in which the herd is detected, and the signboards begin to make noise and move towards the shooters. Boars are trying to get away from danger and go to the line of shooters. There are no yawning here, because these seemingly bulky and awkward beasts are actually running very quickly.

According to the perfect scenario, you will raise a gun, shoot, and your trophy. But in reality, everything often happens quite differently. I will describe several remembered cases.

• Tea with brandy and flock of segolets

My familiar Hunter Gennady stood on the room and missed. On the promotation there were 15 shooters with an interval of 80-100 meters from each other. The boars in the pen were, a whole herd of segolets along with a milf pig. It was categorically forbidden to shoot a pig, because in a year she will bring offspring again, and it will be possible to successfully hunt the young man again. Therefore, it was necessary to be very attentive and cold-blooded.

But the flock will be released only on one arrow. At best, if you run a while along the line of shooters, then two or three hunters will be able to shoot. This injection hunting is somewhat similar to Roulette - one chance out of ten. On the previous hunt, Gennady took a boar, so the chances this time were (on probability theory) minimal. The pen just started, the shouts of the shouts and bark of dogs were heard away. You can have time to drink hot tea from thermos. The gun hung near the bitch of the sprawling spruce, in the crown of which Gennady stood.

Screams and Lai are approaching, but the dogs clearly went face. "The left earned," the hunter thought, continuing to get a fragrant drink, where, except for tea and lemon, was a fairing portion of brandy.

At this time, incomprehensible cracks rang out of the nearest undergrowth from the side of the head. From there, the bullet flew a hefty pig and rapidly rushed under that very spruce, where the hunter was so comfortable. Gennady did not have time to think about how the pig knocked him down. Following her, one after another ran with a dozen of ferments. When the Small is Topot and the grunts of runaway animals, Gennady slowly rose. The back of it was covered with cold sweat. And this happened not from fear that a frightened kabanih with his fangs and hooves could cripple, but also to deprive life. He was afraid of what he would tell his comrades in the hunt. Why did not shoot in the sebots that run right through it? "I will tell the truth," he decided, and here the shooters came out in the top three stars to the left of him. "So two herds in the pen", "the thought flashed in the head of the hunter. This changed the situation. "Or maybe they will not understand what happened to me. If the cables are delivered, they may not be cut out that there were two herds. " With such thoughts, the hunter raised a thermos from the ground and a mug with spilled residues of ill-fated tea.

Comic case, but could become tragic. Hunting for boar is quite serious and dangerous. It is impossible to relax for a minute.

• Secake-recordsman

Another story occurred in Ukraine, too, with my friend - Alexander - and also on a corruption hunt. The first pen turned out to be empty. In the second, Alexander went to the sign. Near him, the local huntsman Fedor came from him. Dogs who also worked in the pen and "tight" knew their nice, this time somehow ran away completely in the other way. Fedor was still before the hunt, he wanders the Wear here, judging by the footsteps, the sizes of unprecedented, fabulous. "For sure! Pots grabbed him! Laa guessed. We run there rather, Sanya! "

I had to stop a couple of times to translate your breath and listen to the dog lady attentively, the sound of which gradually approached and turned to the left. "This sekhech did not go to the swamp. On the edge of the forest goes. I know where he should come out! Run more! " - Quickly shouted Fedor, and the hunters ran again on the autumn Ukrainian forest.

Here they saw the huge secaguch, which crossed the swamp under friendly barking dogs. Fedor, having rushing a gun, rushed back with Kabana. Alexander stopped huntsman. "I'll take it," he shouted and went towards Kabana. Usually the beast, noting a person, turns away. This broken in the forest right on the hunter. "We will not take such a must and bullet," I thought Sasha and made the first shot. Sekhan continued to go, as if the bullet was passed by. "It is impossible to miss this distance! Even with a hangover! " - Sasha distorted the shutter and made another shot. After the second boar, donkey on the hind legs, but continued to move towards the hunter on the front. The distance was quickly reduced. "God loves the Trinity," Sasha thought and did another shot, going to the chest. The beast staggered, fell on her knees and with the morning sigh fell on his side. The distance between him and the hunter had no more than four meters.

The carcass managed to move from the spot only the jeep winch. Then, inly, barely dragged the animal in the Body "UAZ". The boar after weighing was about 400 kg, and the trophy itself as a result of measuring fangs, resembling small mammoth tails, and registration in the "Safari International Club" (SCI), took the first place in the world. Unfortunately, a larger copy is currently produced.

Hunting of boar from towers

Another way to hunt a boar - from the tower. At first glance, it is less emotional and attractive, but she has its advantages. First, you can hunt alone, without a team and without a padded. The probability of getting the beast is almost one hundred percent, since the tows stand right at the bait, and the animals, if they are not disturbed by frequent hunting, attend such places regularly. In good farms, for example, in Zavidovo, Hengery even know the number of pigs and time (with an accuracy of fifteen minutes!) When animals come to the tower. This usually happens with the onset of twilight. Of course, on the tower, which is a miniature hut with a door and a boomer, located on durable pillars high above the ground (3-4 meters), hunting is almost safe for the arrow.

Once it was lucky to sit with a colleague on the tower in Zavidovo, however, without weapons, only with a camera. During the specified by the Events, a small caverium ran out of the forest from the forest - the scout. Seboolets twisted a little on the court, walking food, sniffed something, and the rest appeared after half a minute. Count the boars was difficult. We were constantly knocked out, but the beasts turned out to be at least 35-40. Seboolets, swelling, females, small males.

But it is hovering. In farms, it is easier for the ticks to go to smaller quantities and alternately. Females with a young man or someone's loners. Old large boars are very careful (therefore, they lived to the revered age!) And come, as a rule, at night. It is difficult to hunt them, sometimes you have to sleep without any other night. The beast can come up, and, having a surveillance smell, do not approach the tower. You can simply "dry", embarrassing turning on the tower, and creak the seat, cough, drop something. It is possible with insufficient illumination to simply smear or easy to hurt the beast. There are night vision sights, but the use of them on the hunt is prohibited.

Hunting for boar on oats

Such a hunt for boar in August is successful. It also occurs from the tower on the edge of the field specifically for these purposes of planted oats. Ties are very simple. Most often this is a wide board, fortified in a tree crown at an altitude of 3-4 m. Sitting on the tower at the end of August, of course, warmer than late fall or in winter, but they pushed mosquitoes, and it is especially impossible to move. Apply ointments, naturally, should not. By the way, at the same time goes and bears on oat fields and they are also hunting. In the evening, and especially at night it is difficult to understand who came out of the forest - a boar or a bear. The hunter produces a "not the beast." It is also fraught with the payment of the fine, or need to be equipped with licenses and boars and a bear.

Nikolay Kokoulin

Cabani security rules

• "Standing on the Room" - the term refers to the collective, "corrugated" hunt, where the arrows stand still on the "rifle line". The point of standing on the "number" defines the head of the hunt. Usually the duration of the pen does not exceed the hour.
• It is categorically impossible to shoot along the line of the arrow, but only at an angle of at least 15 degrees.
• Do not shoot on a poorly visible goal. Otherwise you can get into the penny or dog.
• You can only charge the weapon only on the room, and immediately discharge after the end of the chapter.
• It is strictly forbidden to leave the room until you are removed by the head of the hunt.
• Shoot only animals on which hunting is organized.

Boar hunting prices

• Freeding licenses Seboolets, a sweeper and an adult boar have a different cost.
  • hunt for boar-ferret (young piglets of this year) - from 10-15 000 rubles;
  • hunting for a Cabancake-Svitanka (young boars last year's support) - from 15-20,000 rubles;
  • hunt for boar-secacy (large male with fangs) - from 25-30,000 rubles and higher!
• The most expensive are large "trophy" males - secsi. Meat of such copies is most often not suitable for food. Hunting is carried out exclusively due to the trophy qualities of the animal, in this case - fangs.
• Add to these prices the cost of hider service, accommodation and other services. However, the further the farm is located from the capital and the worse there infrastructure, the lower the price of trophies.