The Pacific Ocean is the largest body of water in the world. It stretches from the very north of the planet to its south, reaching the shores of Antarctica. It reaches its greatest width at the equator, in the tropical and subtropical zones. Therefore, the climate of the Pacific Ocean is more defined as warm, because most of it is in the tropics. This ocean contains both warm and warm waters. It depends on which continent the bay is adjacent to in one place or another and what atmospheric flows are formed above it.
Atmospheric circulation
In many ways, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on the atmospheric pressure that forms above it. In this section, geographers identify five main areas. Among them there are zones of both high and low pressure. In the subtropics in both hemispheres of the planet, two regions form above the ocean high pressure. They are called the North Pacific or Hawaiian High and the South Pacific High. The closer to the equator, the lower the pressure becomes. We also note that the atmospheric dynamics are lower in the east than in the east. In the north and south of the ocean, dynamic lows are formed - the Aleutian and Antarctic, respectively. Northern exists only in winter time year, and the southern one is stable in its atmospheric characteristics all year round.
Winds
Factors such as trade winds largely influence the climate of the Pacific Ocean. Briefly speaking, such wind currents are formed in the tropics and subtropics in both hemispheres. There, for centuries, a system of trade winds has been established, which also determines stable hot temperature air. They are separated by a strip of equatorial calm. This area is mostly calm, but there are occasional light winds. In the northwestern part of the ocean, the most frequent guests are the monsoons. In winter, the wind blows from the Asian continent, bringing with it cold and dry air. In summer, the oceanic wind blows, which increases the humidity and temperature of the air. The temperate climate zone, as well as the entire southern hemisphere, starting from subtropical climate, subject to strong winds. The climate of the Pacific Ocean in these areas is characterized by typhoons, hurricanes, and gusty winds.
Air temperature
In order to clearly understand what temperatures the Pacific Ocean is characterized by, the map will come to our aid. We see that this body of water is located in all climatic zones, starting from the northern, icy, passing through the equator and ending with the southern, also icy. Above the surface of the entire body of water, the climate is subordinate latitudinal zonality and winds that bring hot or cold temperatures to certain regions. IN equatorial latitudes The thermometer shows from 20 to 28 degrees in August, approximately the same figures are observed in February. IN temperate latitudes February temperatures reach -25 Celsius, and in August the thermometer rises to +20.
Characteristics of currents, their influence on temperature
The peculiarities of the climate of the Pacific Ocean are that in the same latitudes at the same time different weather can be observed. This is how everything works out because the ocean consists of various currents that bring warm or cold cyclones here from the continents. So, first, let's look at In the tropics, the western part of the reservoir is always warmer than the eastern. This is due to the fact that in the west the waters are warmed by trade winds and the Kuroshio and East Australian currents. In the east, the waters are cooled by the Peruvian and California currents. In the strip temperate climate On the contrary, the east is warmer than the west. Here the western part is cooled by the Kuril Current, and the eastern part is heated by the Alaskan Current. If we consider the Southern Hemisphere, we will not find a significant difference between the West and the East. Here everything happens naturally, since trade winds and high latitude winds distribute the temperature over the surface of the water equally.
Clouds and pressure
Also, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on atmospheric phenomena, which are formed over one or another of its areas. Rising air flows are observed in low pressure areas, as well as in coastal areas where there is mountainous terrain. The closer to the equator, the fewer clouds gather over the waters. In temperate latitudes they are contained in 80-70 percent, in the subtropics - 60-70%, in the tropics - 40-50%, and at the equator only 10 percent.
Precipitation
Now let's look at what weather conceals the Pacific Ocean. zones shows that the highest humidity here occurs in the tropical and subtropical zones, which are located north of the equator. Here the amount of precipitation is equal to 3000 mm. In temperate latitudes this figure is reduced to 1000-2000 mm. We also note that in the West the climate is always drier than in the East. The driest region of the ocean is considered to be the coastal zone near the California Peninsula and off the coast of Peru. Here, due to problems with condensation, the amount of precipitation is reduced to 300-200 mm. In some areas it is extremely low and is only 30 mm.
Climate of the Pacific seas
In the classical version, it is generally accepted that this water reservoir has three seas - the Japanese, Bering and Okhotsk. These bodies of water are separated from the main reservoir by islands or peninsulas, they are adjacent to continents and belong to countries, in this case Russia. Their climate is determined by the interaction of ocean and land. On average, the temperature above the water surface in February is about 15-20 below zero, in coastal zone- 4 below zero. The Sea of Japan is the warmest, so the temperature there remains within +5 degrees. Most harsh winters pass in the north. Here the thermometer can show below -30 degrees. In summer, the seas heat up to an average of 16-20 above zero. Naturally, Okhotsk in this case will be cold - +13-16, and Japanese can heat up to +30 or more.
Conclusion
The Pacific Ocean, which is, in fact, the largest geographical object planet is characterized by a very diverse climate. Regardless of the time of year, a certain atmospheric influence, which generates low or high temperatures, strong winds or complete calms.
The Pacific Ocean is the largest body of water in the world. It stretches from the very north of the planet to its south, reaching the shores of Antarctica. It reaches its greatest width at the equator, in the tropical and subtropical zones. Therefore, the climate of the Pacific Ocean is more defined as warm, because most of it is in the tropics. This ocean has both warm and cold currents. This depends on which continent the bay is adjacent to in a particular place and what atmospheric flows are formed above it.
Video: 213 Climate of the Pacific
Atmospheric circulation
In many ways, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on the atmospheric pressure that forms above it. In this section, geographers identify five main areas. Among them there are zones of both high and low pressure. In the subtropics in both hemispheres of the planet, two areas of high pressure form above the ocean. They are called the North Pacific or Hawaiian High and the South Pacific High. The closer to the equator, the lower the pressure becomes. We also note that the atmospheric dynamics are lower in the east than in the east. In the north and south of the ocean, dynamic lows are formed - the Aleutian and Antarctic, respectively. The northern one exists only in the winter season, while the southern one, in its atmospheric characteristics, is stable all year round.
Winds
Factors such as trade winds largely influence the climate of the Pacific Ocean. Briefly speaking, such wind currents are formed in the tropics and subtropics in both hemispheres. A system of trade winds has been established there for centuries, which determine warm currents and stable hot air temperature. They are separated by a strip of equatorial calm. This area is mostly calm, but there are occasional light winds. In the northwestern part of the ocean, the most frequent guests are the monsoons. In winter, the wind blows from the Asian continent, bringing with it cold and dry air. In summer, the oceanic wind blows, which increases the humidity and temperature of the air. The temperate climate zone, as well as the entire southern hemisphere, is subject to strong winds. The climate of the Pacific Ocean in these areas is characterized by typhoons, hurricanes, and gusty winds. 
Air temperature
In order to clearly understand what temperatures the Pacific Ocean is characterized by, the map will come to our aid. We see that this body of water is located in all climatic zones, starting from the northern, icy, passing through the equator and ending with the southern, also icy. Above the surface of the entire reservoir, the climate is subject to latitudinal zonality and winds, which bring hot or cold temperatures to certain regions. In equatorial latitudes, the thermometer shows from 20 to 28 degrees in August, approximately the same figures are observed in February. In temperate latitudes, February temperatures reach -25 Celsius, and in August the thermometer rises to +20. 
Video: Pacific Ocean
Characteristics of currents, their influence on temperature
The peculiarities of the climate of the Pacific Ocean are that in the same latitudes at the same time different weather can be observed. This is how everything works out because the ocean consists of various currents that bring warm or cold cyclones here from the continents. So, first, let's look at the Northern Hemisphere. In the tropical zone, the western part of the reservoir is always warmer than the eastern. This is due to the fact that in the west the waters are warmed by the East Australian trade winds. In the east, the waters are cooled by the Peruvian and California currents. In the temperate climate zone, on the contrary, the east is warmer than the west. Here the western part is cooled by the Kuril Current, and the eastern part is heated by the Alaskan Current. If we consider the Southern Hemisphere, we will not find a significant difference between the West and the East. Here everything happens naturally, since trade winds and high latitude winds distribute the temperature over the surface of the water equally. 
Clouds and pressure
Also, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on the atmospheric phenomena that form over one or another area. Rising air flows are observed in low pressure areas, as well as in coastal areas where there is mountainous terrain. The closer to the equator, the fewer clouds gather over the waters. In temperate latitudes they are contained in 80-70 percent, in the subtropics - 60-70%, in the tropics - 40-50%, and at the equator only 10 percent.
Precipitation
Now let's look at what weather conditions the Pacific Ocean conceals. A map of climate zones shows that the highest humidity here occurs in the tropical and subtropical zones, which are located north of the equator. Here the amount of precipitation is equal to 3000 mm. In temperate latitudes this figure is reduced to 1000-2000 mm. We also note that in the West the climate is always drier than in the East. The driest region of the ocean is considered to be the coastal zone near and off the coast of Peru. Here, due to problems with condensation, the amount of precipitation is reduced to 300-200 mm. In some areas it is extremely low and is only 30 mm. 
Video: 211 History of Pacific Ocean Exploration
Climate of the Pacific seas
In the classical version, it is generally accepted that this water reservoir has three seas - the Japanese, Bering and Okhotsk seas. These bodies of water are separated from the main reservoir by islands or peninsulas, they are adjacent to continents and belong to countries, in this case Russia. Their climate is determined by the interaction of ocean and land. In the above water surface in February it is about 15-20 below zero, in the coastal zone - 4 below zero. The Sea of Japan is the warmest, so the temperature there remains within +5 degrees. The most severe winters occur in the north. Here the thermometer can show below -30 degrees. In summer, the seas heat up to an average of 16-20 above zero. Naturally, Okhotsk in this case will be cold - +13-16, and Japanese can heat up to +30 or more.
Video: Pacific Ocean nature pacific ocean USA
Conclusion
The Pacific Ocean, which is essentially the largest geographical feature on the planet, is characterized by a very diverse climate. Regardless of the time of year, a certain atmospheric influence is formed over its waters, which generates low or high temperatures, strong winds or complete calms.
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Atmospheric circulation in the Pacific Ocean.
The main features of atmospheric circulation over the Pacific Ocean are determined by five areas of high and low pressure, and in accordance with the location of pressure centers, the direction of the Pacific Ocean winds is formed:
- On Saturday tropical latitudes both hemispheres There are two constant dynamic areas of high pressure over the Pacific Ocean - the North Pacific, or Hawaiian, and South Pacific highs, the centers of which are located in the eastern part of the ocean. Subtropical highs determine the existence in the tropical and subtropical latitudes of the Pacific Ocean of a stable system of trade winds, consisting of the northeastern trade wind in the Northern Hemisphere and the southeastern one in the Southern Hemisphere.
- At equatorial latitudes these areas are separated by a constant dynamic area low blood pressure, more strongly developed in the west. Trade wind zones are separated equatorial belt calm, in which weak and unstable winds predominate with a high frequency of calms.
- North and south of subtropical highs in higher latitudes there are two minima - the Aleutian, centered over the Aleutian Islands, and the Antarctic, extended from east to west, in the Antarctic zone. The first exists only in winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the second - throughout the year.
The atmospheric circulation over the Pacific Ocean is significantly influenced by the climate and topography of the surrounding continents. For example,
- Cordillera prevent oceanic air flows from penetrating deep into the American continents and contribute to the stationary (stopping) of subtropical anticyclones near the eastern shores of the ocean.
- The climate of the northwest Pacific Ocean is influenced by seasonal changes in atmospheric pressure over Asia and the seasonal monsoon circulation it causes.
- In the tropics there is a significant impact on atmospheric circulation have islands Indonesian archipelago. The complex orography of these islands in the conditions monsoon winds promotes the development of convection, cloud formation, and significant precipitation. During condensation, a lot of heat is released, which leads to the formation of a permanent pressure depression.
Winds of the Pacific Ocean.
Fig 1. General circulation atmosphere.
For the Pacific Northwest characterized by monsoon atmospheric circulation. In winter it dominates northwest monsoon , bringing cold and dry air from the Asian continent, in summer - southeast monsoon , carrying warm and humid air from the ocean. Monsoons disrupt trade wind circulation and lead to the flow of air from the Northern Hemisphere to the Southern Hemisphere in winter, and in the opposite direction in summer.
In temperate latitudes northern hemisphere predominate in winter strong westerly winds , and in summer - weak southern ones. The frequency of storms in the northern temperate latitudes of the Pacific Ocean in winter is 30%, in summer - 5%. The frequency of storm winds is determined by the occurrence large number cyclones on polar fronts (where tropical and polar air masses).
In the subtropics and tropics of the northern hemisphere dominate northeast trade winds . In tropical latitudes constant winds reach the force of a storm extremely rarely, but from time to time there are tropical hurricanes- typhoons. In the Northern Hemisphere, typhoons mainly travel from the area east and northwest of the Philippines to Japan. Most often, typhoons occur in the warm half of the year in the western part of the Pacific Ocean; in the eastern part of the ocean, typhoons are rare and occur only in the Northern Hemisphere.
IN equatorial zone observed mostly all year round calm weather .
In tropical and subtropical zones southern hemisphere sustainable dominates southeast trade wind , strong in winter and weak in summer. In the tropics of the Southern Hemisphere, typhoons originate in the area of the New Hebrides and Samoa islands and move towards Australia.
In southern temperate latitudes observed strong constant westerly winds . The frequency of storms here is 25-35%.
At high latitudes of the southern hemisphere winds are subject to the general cyclonic circulation characteristic of the Antarctic low pressure area. In the northern part of Antarctica, westerly winds prevail, often of hurricane force - up to 75 m/sec (the so-called “furious fifties latitudes”). Near the mainland they dominate easterly winds , which, merging with katabatic winds of predominantly south-eastern directions, form an air flow along the coast from east to west.
Latitudes between 40 and 70 degrees south have been known to sailors since the age of sail as the "Roaring Forties", "Furious Fifties" and "Shrill Sixties" due to the foul weather, gale-force winds and large waves created by the movement of air masses. , which, flowing around Earth, do not encounter obstacles in the form of any noticeable land masses.
The Pacific Ocean owes its name to Magellan. During the three-month journey in the fall of 1520 from Tierra del Fuego to the Philippine Islands, he did not encounter a single storm in the ocean.
This pool is considered the warmest among ocean waters, second only to the Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic Oceans, respectively. What is the temperature of the Pacific Ocean?
The Pacific Ocean - what is it like?
The name given by the Spaniard Vasco Nunez de Balboa to the Pacific Ocean "Great" fully consistent with its scale. The area of the ocean exceeds the entire land area of the planet by the whole of Africa.
Despite his modern name, today the Pacific Ocean is the most turbulent.
Long time on maps pre-revolutionary Russia the ocean was marked as Eastern. Most strong hurricanes planets are born precisely in its depths.
The ocean is surrounded on all sides by a chain of underwater and surface volcanoes. The seismic instability they create is the main reason for the appearance of giant waves . They can reach speeds of 700-800 km/h.
Among foreign ports the largest:
- Port of Shanghai. Located in the East China Sea. The depth of the water area at the berths is 11 meters;
- Port of Singapore. Located at the junction of the Indian and Pacific oceans. The depth of the water area at the berths is 16 meters;
- Port of Vancouver. Located on the shores of the Strait of Georgia. The depth of the water area at the berths is 16.8 meters;
- Port of Sydney. Located in Port Jackson Bay. The depth of the water area at the berths is 13.7 meters;
- Port of Long Beach. One of the Air Force ports. The depth of the water area at the berths is 17 meters.
Flora and fauna
Animal and vegetable world The ocean is amazing in its diversity. It has not yet been fully studied. Every year, scientists discover species of vegetation unknown to science and sea creatures. Today there are more than 100 thousand species. About 20 of them are deep-sea. They live in the area of the famous trenches: Mariana, Kermadec, Tonga and Philippine Trench.
The Pacific Ocean is main place of seafood production. Almost half of the world's catch is caught here. The largest fisheries in ocean waters are for anchovies, mackerel and sardines. Feel great in ocean waters seals And different kinds whales
Of particular value are giant clam pearls that they produce. The largest specimen known to date weighs more than 7 kg. to his appearance this pearl resembles a man dressed in a turban.
The bottom vegetation of the Pacific Ocean has more than 4 thousand species. The most common of them is kelp.
Pacific horror They call the giant mollusks tridacnis that live off the coast. Their weight reaches half a ton. Despite the horror that their appearance causes in humans, they bring great benefits to the ocean. By passing huge masses of water through themselves, they saturate sea water plankton and oxygen.
Pacific waters
The ocean basin includes a large number of bays and seas. Among the significant straits is the Panama Strait. The most famous seas:
- Yellow;
- Beringovo;
- Japanese;
Characteristics and properties
The most salt waters oceans are located off the coast of tropical islands and continents. This is due to the low amount of precipitation that falls in these areas. The density of salt here is 35.5‰. The lowest ocean salinity is observed in the region of cold currents in the eastern part of the basin.
In the northern seas of the Pacific Ocean, the density of salt in water is completely close to 0.
No one can say for sure how many freshwater rivers and streams flow into the Pacific Ocean. On the map you can only see large rivers, of which there are about 40. The largest freshwater drainage into the ocean is considered Amur river. Unlike the Atlantic and Indian oceans, the Pacific does not have much salty seas type Red or Mediterranean.
Currents
All currents of the Pacific Ocean are divided into various groups . The most common division:
- northern and southern;
- warm and cold.
Warm currents can be found in the Japan area. Here flows a current called Kuroshio. Another warm flow can be found off the coast of Australia and New Zealand. This group also includes the Southern Trade Wind and Equatorial Currents. The most famous cold currents in the Pacific Ocean are the Californian and Peruvian.
All currents have a direct impact on the temperature distribution on the surface of the pool. This determines the climate of the areas adjacent to the ocean.
Climatic conditions
The quietest zone ocean is located in the interval from the Tuamotu Islands to South America. It was here that Magellan's famous journey took place. This is an area of light winds.
Natural phenomena
The strongest tides Ocean waters can be observed off the Korean coast. In this area of the pool the difference in levels is up to 9 meters. On the opposite Korean side, the difference in tidal levels is only 0.5 meters. It is very rare to see calm weather west of the Tuamotu. Strong winds and hurricanes blow in this part of the ocean.
The strongest ocean winds walking in December off the coast of Australia. In the northern part of the Coral Sea, which is part of the Pacific Ocean, at the beginning of autumn there is a transformation of powerful tropical cyclones in warm western winds.
Why is this water area the warmest?
The average temperature of the Pacific Ocean is +19.4 degrees Celsius. This highest rate among all the oceans. Located in southern latitudes Indian Ocean colder than the Pacific by 2 degrees. The Atlantic Ocean, whose waters are located north of the Indian Ocean, is also inferior to it.
At first glance, this phenomenon seems inexplicable. After all, a significant part of the Pacific Ocean is in contact with northern seas and Antarctica. According to scientists, the temperature of the water in the Pacific Ocean is largely influenced by have such factors, How:
- large volume water concentrated in the equator, tropics and subtropics;
- significant amount algae, shellfish and other ocean inhabitants.
Range maximum temperature in the surface layer of water is in the range from +30 to +3°С. Atmospheric currents regulate the temperature of ocean waters.
The most Maximum temperature surface waters ocean is observed in the equator and tropics. It is +25-29°C.
The western part of the ocean is warmer than the eastern part by an average of 2-5°C. Coldest of all water in northern latitudes. Even in summer, the water temperature in the Bering Strait does not exceed +5-6°C.
The formation of ice in the Pacific Ocean is observed in the Antarctic zone, as well as in the northern seas.
What is the average temperature by month?
The temperature of ocean water depends on the area of its basin. Average annual temperature determined by the state of surface waters in the basin as a whole. in winter it amounts to:
- December- +14.6°C;
- January— +13.7°С;
- February- +13.9°C.
Average ocean temperature in the spring:
- March- +13.9°С;
- April- +13.5°C;
- May- +14.1°C.
Average ocean temperature in summer:
- June- +15.2°С;
- July- +16.6°C;
- August- +17.3°C.
Average ocean temperature in autumn:
- September- +17.6°C;
- October- +16.6°C;
- november- +15.6°C.
But temperatures at the same time can significantly vary. For example, the water temperature in February varies from 27°C near the equator to -1°C closer to the Bering Sea. In August, the temperature is 25-29°C at the equator, 5-8°C in the Bering Strait.
In the interim between 40° south and 40° northern latitude the temperature off the coast of America is 3-5°C lower than that of New Zealand. North of 40° north latitude in the east is 5-7° C higher than in the west south of 40° south latitude.
Find out a few more interesting facts about the Pacific Ocean from this video:
The Atlantic and Pacific, Indian and Arctic oceans, as well as continental bodies of water, make up the World Ocean. The hydrosphere plays vital role in shaping the planet's climate. Under the influence of solar energy, part of the water in the oceans evaporates and falls as precipitation on the continents. Surface water circulation moisturizes continental climate, brings heat or cold to the mainland. Ocean water changes its temperature more slowly and therefore differs from the temperature regime of the earth. It should be noted that the climatic zones of the World Ocean are the same as on land.
Climate zones of the Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean has a large extent and four atmospheric center with different air masses - warm and cold. On temperature regime water is affected by water exchange with Mediterranean Sea, Antarctic seas and the North Arctic Ocean. IN Atlantic Ocean pass through all the climatic zones of the planet, therefore in different parts The ocean has completely different weather conditions.
Climatic zones of the Indian Ocean
The Indian Ocean is located in four climatic zones. In the northern part of the ocean monsoon climate, which was formed under the influence of the continental. Warm tropical zone It has high temperature air masses Sometimes there are storms with strong winds, and even tropical hurricanes occur. Largest quantity precipitation falls in the equatorial zone. It can be cloudy here, especially in the area close to Antarctic waters. Clear and favorable weather occurs in the Arabian Sea region.
Climate zones of the Pacific Ocean
The climate of the Pacific Ocean is influenced by the weather of the Asian continent. Solar energy is distributed zonally. The ocean is located in almost all climatic zones, except for the Arctic. Depending on the belt, in different areas there is a difference in atmospheric pressure, and different circulations air currents. Predominate in winter strong winds, and in summer – southern and weak. In the equatorial zone, calm weather almost always prevails. Warmer temperatures in the western part of the Pacific Ocean, cooler in the east.
Climatic zones of the Arctic Ocean
The climate of this ocean was influenced by its polar location on the planet. Constant ice masses make weather conditions harsh. in winter solar energy does not flow and the water does not heat up. In summer there is a long polar day and a sufficient amount of solar radiation. It falls in different parts of the ocean different quantity precipitation. The climate is influenced by water exchange with neighboring water areas, Atlantic and Pacific air flows.
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