Taimyr Nature Reserve- a unique natural location. The purpose of creating such a large protected park is to preserve the ecosystems of the plains and mountain tundras, as well as forest areas Ary-Mas and Lukunsky.
Here, in such natural and fertile conditions, scientists can carefully study natural objects, revealing new facts. The complex of attractions is formed by natural, archaeological, and historical sites. The flora and fauna of these places deserve special attention.
Story
The protected area on the Taimyr Peninsula was created in 1979. The park has a cluster character. Initially it was formed from 4 sections. In 1994, the Bikada zone was added to its territory, which had previously been used for the protection and optimal acclimatization of the musk ox. A year later, the natural location began to be called a biosphere.
In March 013, it was decided to deprive the Taimyrsky Nature Reserve of its status independent institution. The park area became part of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Taimyr Nature Reserves", which previously included the Putransky and Great Arctic Nature Reserves.
Geographical location and territory
The protected area is located in the Khatanga district of the Taimyr district Krasnoyarsk Territory, and also partially in the Dikson region. Area - 1348316 hectares.
The reserve is located on the basis of the North Siberian Lowland along the Upper Taimyr River. The accumulative type plain is distinguished by a special glacial relief with partial overlap marine sediments. On the left bank of the river, the reserve park borders on the spurs of the Byrranga Mountains, which are smoothed out, but are distinguished by partial erosive dissection.
Tundra soils are very wet. Moisture from frozen soil almost does not evaporate, and water permeability is minimal. This negatively affects the flora. The relief is highly dissected, which leads to soliification. The soils heave and slide, forming structures of “bare” earth, characteristic of spotted tundras.
Nature
The climate is sharply continental. It is cold and cold here most of the year. harsh winter, only for a short period of time, giving way to summer. Most of the park is occupied by typical tundra vegetation. The left bank is represented by the arctic tundra subzone, the right bank is a subarctic location.
There are also isolated areas with forest-tundra. Locations can be observed in the mountains arctic deserts. There are almost no flowering plants or mosses. Lichens of scale and foliated rocks are located along the hollows of frost cracks.
On the southern slopes of the foothills there are groups with dryad-moss vegetation. There are also polygonal swamps here.
In the northern locations of the subarctic tundra, the basis of the landscape is represented by hummocks and shrub conglomerates. Flat-hilly bogs are also widespread.
Fauna
(Lemming)
A typical inhabitant of the Taimyr Nature Reserve is the lemming. It is curious that in winter the claws grow together in such a way that they very much resemble a hoof. Another characteristic “resident” of the reserve is the reindeer. This is the largest population of these animals.
The musk ox deserves special attention. These representatives of prehistoric times once lived next to mammoths, but unlike their neighbors they were able to survive until today. Until 1974, musk oxen lived only in isolated areas of Canada, but were brought to the reserve with subsequent difficult acclimatization.
(Muskox)
The reserve contains 21 species of mammals, among which arctic foxes and wolves have found a home. The latter were able to develop an incredibly large population. This is largely due to what lives here a large number of deer, which the “forest orderlies” like to hunt. The musk ox was also bred in the tundra area.
Brown and polar bears are rare inhabitants, but all of them can be found here. Of the rodents, the Middendorff's vole lives in the park. Main marine mammals- beluga, seal and walrus.
Ichthyofauna
(Lake char)
Lake char is found in abundance in mountain lakes. In the deep pool of any local river you can catch grayling, and in the bistrins you can catch char. IN mountain lakes The ichthyofauna is relatively poor, which cannot be said about rivers and lake locations on the plains.
Here you can find salmon. In the rivers there are representatives of the whitefish family - nelma, vendace, whitefish, omul. The local waterways are also characterized by burbot, peled, and smelt.
Birds
The reserve is home to over a hundred species of different birds. These are representatives of loons, geese, raptors, chickens, owls and passerines. A large number of waterfowl have been noted. Of particular value are the common eider, white-billed loon, and tundra swans.
The most rare species birds: white-tailed eagle, golden eagle, gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, red-breasted goose. Most numerous species- long-tailed duck. There are many gulls, arctic terns, waders, godwits, ruffed hawks, dunlins, and sandpipers.
Flora
On the territory of the reserve park there are many plants that are listed in the Red Book. Among them, it is worth noting the following: Arctic castillea, Arctic Siberian wormwood, Pole grains.
The flora of Mount Byrranga and the foothills is a separate system, distinguished by a special species diversity. Mosses grow in the Arctic tundra. In marshy meadows you can see dupontia, sedge, and Scheichzer cotton grass.
A typical tundra is characterized by a combination of dryad communities with groups of sedges and moss conglomerates. The southern tundra valleys are overgrown with alder, arnica, willows, and rose hips. You can even find red currants here.
The vegetation of the mountains is represented by grass-moss communities. There are many swamps at the foot of the mountains. On the limestones you can find calciphilic grains, Lesquerella, Ostrogolia, Eremogona, and Dentranthema. Most of these plants are represented by beautiful flowering herbs and shrubs.
The Taimyr Peninsula is the northernmost peninsula of Asia, located between the Yenisei Bay of the Kara Sea and the Khatanga Bay of the Laptev Sea, within the Taimyr National District (Krasnoyarsk Territory). Its extreme protrusion in the north is Cape Chelyuskin, southern border Taimyr is the northern ledge of the Central Siberian Plateau. Its length is about 1000 kilometers, width more than 500 kilometers. The area of the peninsula is about 400 thousand km2. The coast of Taimyr is very indented.
The Taimyr Peninsula is located far beyond the Arctic Circle, on the glaciated edge Great River Siberian. Taimyr is unique in many respects; it stuns the human imagination with its scale - almost 1000 km in latitude and the same in longitude!
The history of the development of Taimyr is fascinatingly interesting. Discoverers and conquerors of the North... How many legendary, sometimes tragic events connected with these stingy, laconic words! The first Russian pioneers appeared in Taimyr in early XVII century.
Daredevils came here for “soft junk” - furs. In 1667, a modest settlement of Dudinka arose in the northern Yenisei - now the capital of the vast Taimyr National District.
And the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century!... The glorious names of Vasily Pronchishchev, the Laptev brothers, Semyon Chelyuskin, Fyodor Minin and many others are associated with it.
A hundred years later, the great naturalist A.F. walked through the Taimyr land. Middendorf. Later, other famous Arctic explorers visited the sea shores of Taimyr: A. Nordenskiöld, E. Toll, F. Nansen.
In 1918, another legendary polar explorer, R. Amundsen, wintered off the northern shores of Taimyr.
The great Russian explorer, the legend Nikifor Begichev, admires his exploits. Many significant events in Taimyr are associated with this fearless man. He discovered unknown islands in the Khatanga Bay, which were later named after him, actively participated in Arctic expeditions, saved them more than once, selflessly searched for and found tragically dead polar explorers. And he himself was buried in Taimyr land.
At the beginning of the 30s. polar explorers G.A. Ushakov and N.N. Urvantsev first set foot on Severnaya Zemlya and described it in detail.
Source http://www.tallom.ru/taimir/ex4.html
The Byrranga mountain range stretches across the peninsula. It is formed by a system of parallel or en-echelon chains and vast undulating plateaus. The Byrranga Mountains stretch for 1100 km and are over 200 km wide. The valleys of the Pyasina and Taimyr rivers divide the Byrranga mountains into 3 parts - western, middle and eastern with heights of 250-320 m, 400-600 m and 600-1000 m ( highest height 1146 m). They are composed of rocks of Precambrian and Paleozoic age, among which traps (magmatic rocks folded in the form of steps).
The climate in the mountains is cold, sharply continental ( average temperature January -30°С, -33°С, July 2°С, 10°С). Spring begins in June, and in August average daily temperatures drop below 0°C. Precipitation ranges from 120 to 400 mm per year. In the east there are glaciers ( with total area over 50 km2). The mountains are covered with vegetation typical of rocky arctic tundra; Mosses and lichens predominate.
Lake Taimyr is connected to the Taimyr River. Before flowing into the lake it is called Upper Taimyr (length 567 km), and upon leaving it - Lower Taimyr (187 km). Lake Taimyr - the world's northernmost present large lake. It is located far beyond the Arctic Circle, at the foot of the Byrranga Mountains. The northernmost point of the lake is at 76 degrees northern latitude. Most The lake is covered with ice throughout the year (from late September to June). The water temperature in August rises to +8°C, in winter - slightly above zero.
There are many islands near the coast of the peninsula. These islands are partly low, partly high, round in shape, steep, rocky, on some of them small glaciers. The coastal capes are partly low-lying and partly rocky. The shores of the peninsula itself are also steep in places, falling steeply into the sea that washes them, in places they are low and sloping, although not far from these low shores there are mountains consisting of horizontally lying layers of sedimentary rocks.
To the east of Cape Chelyuskin, a mountainous country adjoins the seashore, then the lowland extends for a considerable distance, and then again appears Mountain country with low and gentle shores between it and the sea. The sea near the coast of the peninsula is generally shallow; in some places there are extensive shallows. The sea is accessible to navigation almost every summer in July and August, although there are small ice fields and significant hummocks and stamuki (single ice blocks).
There is no doubt that the area of the peninsula was once the seabed. Middendorf found sea shells near the Lower Taimyr River that currently live in the Arctic Ocean. The northernmost part of the peninsula is almost covered with snow all year round. Summer here lasts no longer than 6 weeks, and even during this time there are snowstorms. The peninsula is covered with tundra, with the exception of the southern part. The first studies of the Taimyr Peninsula, or rather it coastline, produced in the 40s of the 18th century by Russian scientists: Sterlegov, Laptev, Pronchishchev, Chekin and Chelyuskin, in the 40s of the 18th century by academician Middendorf, and the shores of the peninsula and the surrounding sea were explored by Nordenskiöld in 1878 and Nansen in 1893.
Source: http://geography.kz/slovar/tajmyr/
The Taimyr State Nature Reserve was created on February 23, 1979 by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR. Due to organizational difficulties, it began to really function in 1985.
The Taimyr Nature Reserve has a cluster nature and consists of 4 sections - the Main tundra territory in the Khatanga and Dikson regions of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug, the Ary-Mas, Lukunsky and Arctic sections and a protective zone in the Khatanga region of the Taimyr Autonomous Okrug. The reserve's areas cover more than 4 degrees of latitude and represent forest-tundra zones, subzones of southern, typical and arctic plain tundras, as well as mountain tundras of the Byrranga Mountains and the marine area of the Laptev Sea bays.
The main purpose of organizing the reserve was to preserve and study natural lowland and mountain tundra ecosystems in the Main Tundra Territory and the world's northernmost forests in the Ary-Mas and Lukunsky areas. Particular attention was also paid to the protection of the Russian endemic red-breasted goose and the world's largest Taimyr population of wild reindeer.
In 1995, by decision of the UNESCO MAB, the Taimyr Nature Reserve received biosphere status. There is a partnership agreement with NP "Schleswig-Holstein Vattenmeer" (Germany, the Netherlands). Directly nearby western border the reserve contains a wetland international importance"Delta of the Gorbita River", lower reaches of the river. Upper Taimyr included in promising list Ramsar Convention.
The reserve has a Museum of Ethnography and Nature, where collections of cultural and everyday life objects of the indigenous peoples of Taimyr are collected, various exhibitions on the nature of the reserve are held, there is a paleontological collection, and videos are shown. The museum provides classes for schoolchildren.
Up to a thousand people visit the museum every year - local residents, specialists coming to work in the reserve, tourists. Along the boundaries of the reserve there are 2 tourist routes, “Birranga Mountains” and “In the Footsteps of N.N. Urvantsev,” which, due to the very high cost of transport, are visited almost exclusively by foreign tourists.
ingwardust.narod.ru,
What was the main and deeply personal goal of the expeditions for them? Maybe “the weight of memories, where rivers, hills, sweat, cold, blood, fatigue, dreams and holy feeling are mixed required work"(quote from Oleg Kuvaev's novel "Territory")?.. The first Russian people visited Taimyr at the beginning of the 17th century. - in order to buy “soft junk”, that is, furs. Apparently, they succeeded, because in 1667 the village of Dudinka appeared on the map of the peninsula, now administrative center and the main port of Taimyr. The Great Northern Expedition was the name given to the campaign to explore the North in 1733-1743: several expeditions along the Arctic coast of Siberia (“Second Kamchatka Expedition”, “Siberian-Pacific”, “Siberian”), the purpose of which was to pave a sea route to Far East, while simultaneously studying the territories adjacent to the Arctic Ocean. The campaign participants were divided into nine independent detachments. The Lena-Yenisei detachment of forty people under the command of Vasily Pronchishchev (1702-1736) with the navigator Semyon Chelyuskin (1700-1764) in the summer of 1735 on the double boat "Yakutsk" reached the mouth of the Olenyok River, where they wintered for damage to the bottom of the vessel. In the summer of the following year, Pronchishchev from the Khatanga Bay walked along the eastern coast of Taimyr to the north. Having reached the cape, which was later named after him, Pronchishchev ordered to take the opposite course. On August 29, he broke his leg and died the same day. And two weeks later, his wife Tatyana, the world’s first female polar explorer (born in 1713), also died, as her comrades understood, from longing for her husband. In total, Pronchishchev's expedition managed to cover 500 km from Khatanga Bay to Thaddeus Bay. Chelyuskin took command; his group managed to reach the northernmost point of the peninsula, which now bears his name. In 1739-1741, moving on the same heroic boat "Yakutsk", Khariton Laptev (1700-1763) explored Taimyr and compiled the most accurate description and map at that time. The southwestern coast of the peninsula was named the shore of Khariton Laptev, and when naming the Laptev Sea, this honor was given along with Khariton and his cousin Dmitry, also a polar explorer, who rose to the rank of vice admiral.
Another prominent figure among the researchers of Taimyr, whose name is immortalized on the map, is Nikifor Begichev (1874-1927), twice awarded the Big Gold Medal Russian Academy Sci. As a boatswain, he participated in the polar expedition of Eduard Toll on the schooner "Zarya" to explore the New Siberian Islands in 1900-1902. On this expedition, Toll went missing, and in 1903 Begichev went in search of him, miraculously escaped death and saved his commander Alexander Kolchak. In the summer of 1906, he again went to Taimyr, to Dudinka, and took up the fur trade, but the researcher in him turned out to be stronger than the merchant. In 1908, at the mouth of the Khatanga and Anabar rivers, flowing into the Laptev Sea, he discovered islands that now bear the names Bolshoy Begichev and Maly Begichev. In 1915, he evacuated sailors from the ice-covered barque "Eclipse", which was looking for the missing expeditions of Brusilov and Rusanov, and then from the icebreakers "Taimyr" and "Vaigach" stuck off the northwestern coast of Taimyr. On this expedition, Begichev and his comrades went through places where no European had ever set foot. In 1921, he participated in a Soviet-Norwegian expedition to search for two missing members of Roald Amundsen’s expedition of 1918-1920 on the schooner Maud in Taimyr and discovered the remains of one of them. In 1922, as part of Nikolai Urvantsev’s expedition, Begichev went down the Pyasina River by boat and discovered the remains of another of Amundsen’s companions on Dikson Island. In the village of Dikson in 1964, a monument was erected to Nikifor Begichev. Much of this village today, alas, has fallen into disrepair, but this monument is in order. 
Alexander Middendorf (1815-1894) did at least four important things for the development of Taimyr: he improved the maps of Chelyuskin and Laptev based on his own studies of the peninsula, discovered the Putorana Plateau, was the first to formulate the patterns of the Siberian climate, and also determined the geophysical boundaries of the perennial layer ( "permafrost"). Near the Nizhnyaya Taimyr River, Middendorf in the 1840s collected many shells in the top layer of soil (permafrost thaws only 30 cm) sea mollusks, this proved his own theory that the peninsula rose from the depths of the Northern Arctic Ocean. The baton from him as an explorer of the shores of Taimyr was taken up by the famous polar explorers Swede A. Nordenskiöld in 1878 and Norwegian F. Nansen in 1993. Geologist Nikolai Urvantsev (1893-1985) dedicated his entire life in science to Taimyr, whose expedition in 1920 discovered in the area of the Norilsk River, a significant deposit in terms of reserves coal. And the next year - a deposit of copper-nickel ores with a high platinum content. Despite these merits, Urvantsev served two terms in “correctional” camps: 15 and 8 years, one of them, by a cruel irony of fate, in Norillag. But this did not prevent the “pest”, a doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, after his release from continuing his work on the development of the subsoil of Taimyr and other northern regions Russia, Norilsk ore deposit could begin to benefit the country much earlier. Back in the XVI-XVII centuries. residents of Mangazeya, a Western Siberian city on the Taz River, traded copper products smelted from Norilsk ore, this was proven by archaeological and chemical research from 1972-1975. The Mangazeans walked along the river to the location, undoubtedly knowing exactly what they were going for. Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov in 1619 under fear death penalty banned navigation on Siberian rivers. For what reasons is not known exactly, although there are different versions, but he was clearly afraid of something, in any case, the ruler acted extremely myopically and shortsightedly. The city fell into decay and disappeared. But Urvantsev knew about Mangazeya and did not let this knowledge go in vain.
The fact that without the ability not to give up in the North you cannot survive is proven by the folklore of its indigenous peoples. They have difficult relationships with civilization and in our time, they find it difficult to socialize, trusting only nature in everything. This is their choice, but for those disinterested collectors of folklore who have studied it - and, fortunately, there are such enthusiasts in Taimyr - a wise and harmonious world opens up. In Norilsk and Dudinka, thematic exhibitions of indigenous peoples’ creativity are often held, Scientific research, in which specialists from Dolgans, Evenks, and Nenets also take part. Thanks to them, today we can find out how these people see their land, what they learned from the experience of their people. Here, for example, are two Nganasan proverbs: “Hands that don’t like to work cannot keep warm in mittens,” “Don’t put patches on your clothes when partridges are walking along the waistcoats.” And here is how I.S. talks about one custom of this people. Braginsky in the book “Worlds and Tales of the Nganasans” (talking about a competition between young people): “Sitting on both sides of their chosen one, they composed their allegorical songs - improvisations, competing in wit. One of them who, not understanding the allegorical text of his opponent, could not answer it, was considered defeated and gave the winner some kind of metal decoration.” Riddles of the Dolgans in their laconic figurative form suggest a similarity with the Japanese haiku couplets: “A herd of deer feeds around the lake” (teeth), “Rime does not stick to a strong tree” (deer antlers). Shamanic spell songs during rituals, if you learn to understand their signs, are a whole program of the path to the light. For the indigenous northerners, the shaman is both a confessor, a judge, and a teacher. This has always been the case, and it will probably continue to be so.
general information
A peninsula in the north of the Asian part of Russia.
Administrative affiliation: The peninsula is part of the Taimyr district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory of the Russian Federation (until 2007 - Taimyr Dolgano-Nenets Autonomous Okrug).
Administrative division: 4 municipal districts - the village of Dikson (within the boundaries of the Dikson district), the village of Dudinka (within the boundaries municipality“the city of Dudinka and the territory subordinate to the city administration”), the rural settlement of the village of Karaul (within the boundaries of the Ust-Yenisei region), the rural settlement of Khatanga (within the boundaries of the Khatanga region).
Administrative center: Dudinka (25,200 people, 2010).
Languages: Russian, in places where indigenous peoples live compactly - Nganasan, Dolgan, Nenets, Evenki.
Ethnic composition: Russians - 58.6%, Dolgans - 13.9%, Nenets - 7.7%, Nganasans - 1.9%, Evenks - 0.8%, Enets - 0.5%, Ukrainians, Tatars, Belarusians, Azerbaijanis and others - 16.6%.
Religions: Orthodoxy, Islam, animism, shamanism.
The largest settlements Taimyr region (outside the peninsula): Dudinka, Khatanga, a total of 28 settlements. The city, which, although surrounded by the lands of the Taimyr region, is not included in it, is administratively a city of regional subordination. However, Norilsk is closely connected with the rest of Taimyr by infrastructure and cultural relations.
Largest rivers:(lower reaches), Pyasina, Upper and Lower Taimyr, Khatanga.
Largest lakes: Taimyr, Portnyagino, Kungasalakh, Labaz, Kokora.
Largest bays: Middendorf, Pyasinsky, Sims. Taimyrsky, Teresa Klavenes, Thaddeus, Maria Pronchishcheva Bay.
The most important ports: Dudinka, Khatanga.
Major airports: in Norilsk (Alykel) and Dudinka.
Numbers
Area: the peninsula itself is about 400 km2, the Taimyr region is 879,900 km2 (it also includes the Arctic archipelagos of Nordenskiöld and Severnaya Zemlya, the islands of Sibiryakov, Uedineniya, Sergei Kirov and others).
Population: Taimyr region - 34,400 people. (2010); Norilsk - 230,100 people (2009).
Population density in the area: 0.039 people/km 2 .
Length of the peninsula: from north to south - 1000 km, from west to east - more than 500 km.
The most high point:
is located in the Byrranga mountain range (1146 m).
Economy
Industry of the Taimyr region (mainly outside the peninsula): food, fuel, electric power. Their specific gravity in volume industrial production Taimyr is 96.4%.
Agriculture: reindeer husbandry, 18 state unitary agricultural enterprises and 159 peasant farms. More than 30 oil and gas fields have been discovered in the region (the most significant of them are Messoyakha, Pelyatkinskoye, Suzunskoye, Tagulskoye, Payakhskoye, Vankorskoye). The main gold resources belong to the geological Taimyr-Severozemelskaya gold province in the northern part of the peninsula.
Climate and weather
Sharply continental, the peninsula is located beyond the Arctic Circle, many Atlantic cyclones end their existence above it.
Long lasting Cold winter with temperatures down to -60°C and below and short, cool summers.
On the extreme northern point peninsula - Cape Chelyuskin - average annual temperature air temperature is -14.1°C, the average January temperature is -27.7°C, July + 1.5°C.
In Dudinka the average temperatures are respectively:-10.1°C; -28.5°C; + 13.2°C.
In Khatanga: -13.2°C; -38.0°C; +13.1°C.
Average annual precipitation: 400 mm, in winter there is often a blizzard, sometimes lasting up to two weeks.
Attractions
■ Dudinka: Taimyr Museum of Local Lore (74 thousand exhibits and modern art project “Fish of Happiness”), Center folk art, Memorial Museum Dolgan artist Boris Molchanov, the House of Culture, where the Taimyr Song and Dance Ensemble of the Peoples of the North “Heiro” (which also often tours abroad) and the Dudinsky Chamber Theater are based and give performances;
■ Khatanga: Mammoth Museum;
■ Dixon: monument to Nikifor Begichev;
■ Cape Chelyuskin: a natural quartz block with a diameter of almost three meters, next to it is a stone pyramid built by members of Roald Amundsen’s expedition in 1919;
■: created in 1979, opened in 1985, consists of five clusters, the title of biosphere was awarded to it by UNESCO in 1995. On the territory of the reserve there is a Museum of Nature and Ethnography. Museum of Ogduo Aksenova, Dolgan poetess and author of the Dolgan primer;
■ Nature reserve Putoransky(located slightly south of the peninsula, founded in 1988) - a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site.
Curious facts
■ In 1850, a battle on bows took place near Lake Turuchedo on Taimyr. Nenets tribes fought with the Enets. Tungus (Evenks) and Nganasans. The conflict arose over habitats. The Nenets were defeated, but a peace agreement was concluded under which they were allowed to live in a small area on the right bank of the Yenisei
■ Translated from the Nganasan language, the name of the Byrranga mountains means: tori, from which rivers flow big stones, between which there are valleys where mosses and lichens grow.”
■ Lake Taimyr during the spring flood becomes the fourth largest lake in Russia after Lake Baikal, Ladoga and Onega.
■ Mythical " Golden woman(presumably this is a gold statue of the goddess Juno, taken from Rome by barbarians) enthusiasts are searching throughout Siberia. It is known that Ermak Timofeevich was still looking for her. According to Taimyr legends, it is hidden somewhere on the Putorana plateau and is guarded by “wild” Evenks.
The Taimyr Peninsula has a heterogeneous surface in its structure, which is divided into three parts: the North Siberian Lowland; the Byrranga Mountains, which have a height of 1125 meters above sea level; coastal plain running along the coast of the Kara Sea. The tip of the peninsula is Cape Chelyuskin.
On the Taimyr Peninsula, Arctic and subarctic climate, in winter the temperature here drops below sixty degrees, summer is short and cold. Respectively vegetation cover very scarce. In the northern part of the peninsula, several types of shrubs grow: crowberry, wild rosemary, lingonberry and partridge grass. Willow, horsetail and birch grow in the southern part. It is difficult for trees to squeeze out in such a climate, so they have the wrong low shape, their tops are dried out or frostbitten, some of the trees spread along the ground. Large territories Taimyr is occupied by forest-tundra, where lichen and reindeer moss grow, which are the main food for reindeer. Breeding and domestication of wild reindeer is the basis of livestock farming here. In addition to reindeer, the following animals live here: ermines, wolverines, arctic foxes, sables, white and brown bears, polar wolves. On the coast of Taimyr there are seals and walruses.
The entire territory of Taimyr is dotted with water arteries: rivers, lakes and bays. To the very big rivers This area of land can be attributed to Pyasina, Upper and Lower Taimyr and Khatanga. And the most big lakes The regions are: Taimyr, Labaz and Kungasalakh. A large number of migratory birds fly to the vast wetlands of the peninsula, including many rare and endangered species, especially swans, geese, ducks, partridges and waders.
To preserve the unique biological diversity On the Taimyr Peninsula, the Putorana Nature Reserve was created, which is protected by the state. The territory of the land plot was included in the lists of the World Natural heritage UNESCO.
Lake Taimyr is located on the Taimyr Peninsula, located between Kara Sea and the Laptev Sea. There is an assumption that the word “taimyr” among the ancient Tungus meant “rich or valuable.” If we consider that the Tungus had in mind the wealth of lakes, then they were right, since there are indeed a lot of lakes on the territory of the peninsula. Lake Taimyr is the largest and ranks second after Lake Baikal in size.
This lake is located at the foot of the Byrranga Mountains. The Nizhnyaya Taimyr river flows from Lake Taimyr, which flows into the Kara Sea, and the lake is fed with water by the Upper Taimyr, which carries its waters to the lake.
Map of Lake Taimyr (click to enlarge)
Where is Lake Taimyr located? See the map above.
Lake Taimyr can be called a record-breaking lake, since it is the only lake on our planet that occupies the northernmost position far beyond the Arctic Circle.
The lake basin of this lake was formed as a result of glacier activity, therefore maximum depth The lake does not exceed 26 meters.
The northern part of the lake is in the zone permafrost, so the reservoir is covered with a thick two-meter layer of ice for more than nine months. For such a long period more than eighty percent of the lake's water surface freezes to the very bottom. The lake is free of ice cover for less than three months, but even this period cannot be called favorable. At this time, storms and hurricane winds rage over the lake. The northern shores of the lake are composed of rocks that are easily eroded. Therefore, landslides often occur in this part of the lake.
Lake Taimyr, like most reservoirs in Siberia, is characterized by sharp changes in water level, reaching up to seven meters in the lake.
The northern position of the lake determines temperature regime this territory. The average annual temperature here does not exceed -13 o, and in July the highest heat is only 12 o. In this region, polar night and polar day are common occurrences. Due to the harsh conditions, these places are not inhabited by people, so there are no settlements here. The only inhabited place here was once a weather station.
However, some representatives of the animal and flora adapted to the harsh conditions here. The waters of the lake are rich in omul, burbot, grayling and vendace; Siberian mason goby, muksun, broad whitefish and whitefish are also found. These places are favored by swans, ducks and geese, peregrine falcons and buzzards. During the period short summer the birds manage to raise their offspring, and with the onset of cold weather they fly south.
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