I will make a reservation right away that my personal experience in this area is not very great - we (so far) raised only one red deer to its feet. But at the very beginning we faced a huge problem - we could not find information anywhere that would help us out. Actually, that is why I came up with the idea to write a short guide for those who also have to enter in the search engines "how to feed a red deer cub."
First you need determine age animal. Our Yashik came to us through second hands, so only a veterinarian could reliably determine his age - 6-7 days. So, what a red deer cub looks like at a week of age:
Height at withers: 64 cm
The legs are still not very good, they are slightly bent with the letter X. Often "crying".
Teeth: the back teeth (if I can say so) are not yet there, the front teeth are 8 (now Yasha is already 2 months old, but the front teeth are no more), all of them are from below. 2 in the center are very large and funny: o) the rest are rather small.
Weight: 10-12 kg (but taking into account that all his first week he was fed incorrectly)
By the way, it will be useful to understand who is in front of you - red deer or spotted fawn. They are often confused. Red deer is larger (against our 65 at the withers - 45-50 for a sika deer, weight about 4-6 kg). The head is large, the ears are elongated. I would compare them with the length of the nose from the tip to the eyes. The fawn has a neat muzzle with VERY large round ears. Now for the coloring. It should be noted that everyone has spots. In deer, they are located along the ridge and will disappear after the first molt in October, and in sika deer - all over the body and will remain for life.
In red deer, the speck under the tail is yellow and small, outlined dimly. In the case of a fawn, on the contrary, it is white, wider and strikingly different in color from the general background.
And now the most important thing is about feeding. Or is it more correct to say feeding.
Golden rule: don't overfeed.
Feeding
and red deer and fawn is fractional milk supply. We gave cow's milk (necessarily boiled!) With the addition of water and infant formula "Baby 1" (one - that is, from birth). 
Proportions: 1 liter of milk, 8 scoops of the mixture, 0.5 liters of water. You need to feed the first 2 weeks once 8-10 times a day, 100 grams of the resulting mixture. It is better to use a bottle with a simple (not the most expensive) elongated nipple. By the way, because of the structure of the jaws, the red deer, so respected by the mothers Aventa, did not recognize the red deer because of the structure of the jaws. 
After the second week, you need to in the afternoon, between feedlesions, give about 150 ml of water. Once a day, we gave slightly salted (1 teaa spoon without a top per liter of boiled water). TONow we feed 8 times a day, 250 ml each.
At the age of three weeks, the red deer was drunk with a five-day course of probiotic Vetom-2 (I won't tell you why exactly "2", but that's how they told us in the veterinary clinic). Dissolve one sachet in 200 ml of water, divide in half and give twice a day one hour after feeding (so you will need 5 sachets)
Month. At this age, you can transfer from a baby bottle to a cow bottle (for feeding calves - sold in veterinary stores). No, of course you can continue to drink from the little one, but it will be tedious - you have to fill it several times for one meal or have 4 at once. At the same time, we started feeding Yashechka with the Kormilak whole milk substitute. 
Its cost in the Primorsky Territory ranges from 1900 to 2400 for a 25-kilogram bag. This amount is enough for approximately 2 months. The first days we add the feeder to the cow's milk, but we cancel the infant formula (that is, it turns out 1 liter of milk + 0.75 ml of water + 100 g of the feeder), then (well, say, on the fifth day) we give a clean feeder, i.e. ... at the rate of 1: 9, as written on the package. I weighed a plastic container on a culinary scale, it turned out to be 200 grams, i.e. almost 2 liters of water. At the age of one month to two, his daily intake increased from 2.5 to 4 liters of mixture per day, and the frequency of feeding decreased from 6 to 4 times.
Grass
... I wondered for a long time when to start feeding with grass. But everything turned out to be simpler - Yashichek himself reached for the raspberries. And off we go. Most of all he loved dandelions, grapes, raspberries. 
Then there are beets, ash leaves, currants. And he also loves berries terribly: o) Honeysuckle, strawberries, currants, raspberries, irga - everything goes with a bang. At the same time, apples are spit out directly. You can give pureed vegetables as a substitute for grass.
Feces. Normally it is like a goat - balls. Our pet had diarrhea at first. Wrong food - diarrhea, not boiling a bottle - diarrhea, overfed - diarrhea again. What to do. Give less food and carefully monitor the sterility of the dishes.
Dehydration on the second day of my life at my house, a veterinarian determined us - Yashka refused to eat, barely stood on his feet. He was given a dropper in his neck (do not do it without a specialist!) With saline through a 4-ku butterfly, 200 ml + half a bottle of glucose. He almost immediately got to his feet, but it was impossible to feed, it was possible to give saline in the evening and replace one meal the next day. In general, having a physician in the family, on the second day we were ready to repeat the drip on our own, but, fortunately, it was not needed. For prophylaxis, see above, drink daily salted water.
Arrangement places. Here, of course, the more the better. Yasha had to live in an open chicken pen, 3x8. The size, frankly, is not great. The net height is 3.5 meters. It is necessary to make a small canopy, 1.1-1.2 m high, with a roof and without one wall - so that it can freely enter, fill the floor with hay, which needs to be changed regularly (because they defecate, most often, for themselves).
General recommendations. The life of these small, defenseless creatures is in your hands. Therefore, it is important to decide what will become of them when they are ready to exist on their own: do you intend to give it to the zoo / zoo / safari park or plan to release it into the wild. The permissible frequency of contact with the animal depends on this. If the fate of a wild beast is destined for him, then do not allow strangers to approach him, i.e. he should know only those 1-2 people who care about him. But you need to remember that even with this option, it is vital for him, no matter how pathetic it sounds, closeness and warmth, a sense of security - when you feed him, do not be lazy to stroke and talk - soon he will begin to recognize your voice. If you are not going to let go into the wild, then you need to hug the first 3-4 weeks as often as possible - you yourself will see how it calms him down.
The most important thing in reindeer farming is feeding, the red deer is less pretentious to the variety of food than the cow, but very picky about the quality and quantity.
The biggest mistake I've seen with other farmers is small paddocks. In a small space, animals, according to them, are better controlled and driven from corral to corral, but here we are faced with another problem - a trampled field. On the project in Smolenskaya, my boss was of a mathematical mindset, and as best he could (and could not badly) hammered into me his view of things. I decided to digitize deer, convert to digital their livelihoods, it is useful for me and it was familiar to the leadership.
Here's what I did: In a large pen, the grass left much slower than in a small one. Pure proportion - X sq. m of area for 1 deer for 1 day, it was not possible to withdraw. For 7.5 hectares it was 17.4, and for 2 hectares it was all 25. All because the deer trampled part of the field. After all, there is the same concept - the living and total area of the apartment, for a small paddock the percentage of the area for lying and trails was noticeably higher, and hence the lack of feed and poor condition for the breeding period. If you do not feed, then our animals will come up to the autumn mating thin and emaciated, and this is a minus for reproduction, and if we feed, then we find ourselves in another problem. Deer are wild animals and will eat as long as there is food, especially as tasty as compound feed. Incorrectly calculated the dose, and females will come to mating with obesity, and this is also a minus in reproduction. Therefore, each reindeer herder should strive to keep his livestock on natural feeding for as long as possible, this is physiologically correct and economically feasible. The area of feeding pens should be calculated taking into account the amount and value of grass cover, rainfall, soil structure, geography, and many other factors. I, in communication with other reindeer breeders, came to the conclusion that for a normal meadow in the Middle Lane, paddocks should be 6-8 hectares. No more, less too. Have 4 pieces of small paddocks of 1.5-2 hectares each for various zootechnical purposes.
That is why every respectable reindeer breeder should determine externally, I would even say - from afar, the condition of his animals and correct it in time so that by September it will come up in perfect condition, otherwise we will lose it in calves.
I give you a plate from the site, maybe someone will come in handy. Notice how thin the line is between Good and Very Good Condition.
So, autumn has come, we have coped and the second stage of feeding has begun.
We need to deceive the deer, they, like any females, including those of the human race, will never get pregnant if they do not have a guarantee of a good apartment and the opportunity to feed the baby deer. We need to deceive the females, to make them think that everything will be fine. Avoid crowding and abundant feeding. In autumn, the grass is not the same, so we add silage / haylage and grain to the diet. Here you don't have to worry about overfeeding - you won't get too fat in the fall, especially with such physical exertion that the male is experiencing, but still don't overdo it. After all, deer is a herbivore and an excessive amount of concentrated feed causes acidosis and death of the animal. The normal dose is considered to be 1–1.5 kg per adult deer and 0.5–0.75 kg per calf, depending on the quality of the feed and the ambient temperature.
We put a family of deer (20–25 females per male) on an area of 2 hectares, so small corrals came in handy. For industrial breeding, where the accuracy of whose calf and from whom is no longer important, then we put one hundred females and 4-5 males on 8 hectares, naturally without horns.
The food of reindeer in natural conditions is exclusively seasonal. In summer, the deer willingly eats - eats and eats the trefoil (watch), reed shoots, iris rhizomes, reeds, meadowsweet, heather, wild rosemary, willow-herb and cotton grass. In autumn and early winter, the grass and reed shoots become very hard and the deer begin to feed on willow and aspen shoots, branches of oak, pine, and mountain ash.
He does not deny himself a forest delicacy and eat a lot of raspberry and blackberry shoots, in autumn deer eat fallen acorns, beech nuts, wild apples and mushrooms. If they come across, the deer does not disdain and the branches of birch, maple, linden, ash, eats horsetails and wild sorrel, leaves and berries of cloudberries.
In winter, practically the only food for reindeer is moss, called moss moss. In order to live normally, the reindeer have to hunt for themselves at least ten kilograms of lichen under the frozen, hard cover of snow. This type of moss is considered the main food of reindeer during the harsh winter season. Reindeer moss in winter does not allow deer to get sick, as it contains a huge amount of anti-inflammatory minerals.
In the spring, the reindeer moves back to the branches and green shoots of trees. Birch buds, young willow bark and green shoots of poplar, aspen, oak and bird cherry are the main diet of reindeer. But in the spring, reindeer also do not forget to eat moss moss - Icelandic moss.
Reindeer spends a lot of time looking for shale emissions from the earth. Essential for maintaining the mineral balance in the deer's body, salt is the main delicacy for the reindeer. Many kilometers of marches, the reindeer have to overcome in search of salt.
Reindeer are kept in captivity in large herds, several hundred heads each. In this case, the main food for the reindeer is moss-lichen, which grows in the tundra. Such herds pass tens and hundreds of kilometers in pastures. If reindeer are kept in small pens, cereals are the main diet. Wheat, oats, barley, straw, brown bread and bran. This menu is, of course, different from the natural one. But, in recent years, meadow grass has become a great delicacy for the captive reindeer. Because it is very expensive to buy it and many owners of small farms and zoos are trying to purchase feed of lower quality, but also at a lower cost.
The population of reindeer in recent years, due to commercial slaughter in the wild, has sharply declined. Deforestation, forest fires, large atmospheric precipitation create very difficult conditions for food. Reindeer, as one of the most beautiful and noble creatures of nature, always admires its appearance.
Our company invites all interested parties to buy lichen moss for eating reindeer, especially in the winter season. The sale of reindeer lichen is carried out in summer and autumn by prior order from a warehouse in Moscow and the Moscow region. For consumers outside the Moscow region, moss for eating reindeer is delivered with the help of transport companies.
You can also buy high-quality mezhventsovy insulation from us.
Article: what do reindeer eat (eat)? Expert advice "Forest House" - copyright, and can not be copied without the written consent of the site owner.
The mainstay of the winter diet for reindeer are various forage lichens, united by the common name - reindeer lichens.
The main and very useful property of this food is that it almost does not change its nutritional value according to the seasons of the year and is equally well absorbed by deer both in winter and in the snowless period of the year.
In terms of chemical composition, reindeer lichen is a carbohydrate feed and, in terms of nutritional value, can be equated to potatoes. It is believed that 100 kg of raw reindeer lichen contains 25-29 kg of feed units. The disadvantage of this feed is the extremely low content of digestible protein and minerals assimilated by the body.
When grazing on reindeer pastures (pine and larch dry forests, mountain tundra), deer feel a great need for minerals. Therefore, in winter and especially in spring, deer greedily eat human urine in the snow, lick barrels from under the fish, gnaw harness made of rawhide, bone and horn, which often causes diseases of the oral cavity.
As a result of mineral deficiency in spring, deer have metabolic disorders, exhaustion, weakening of the skeleton, and with careless fishing on the lasso in spring, bone fractures often occur.
To replenish the diet with minerals in winter and spring, it is recommended to feed the reindeer with rock salt enriched with phosphorus and calcium salts. The best type of winter mineral feeding is mineral licks produced by the Artyomovsk salt mine department.
Such licks are produced in the form of briquettes (1.5-2.0 kg) and contain 75% sodium chloride and 25% phosphorus-calcium components. In addition, the composition of licks contains trace elements: iron, copper, cobalt, manganese, iodine and others (in proven useful compounds and preventive doses).
If there are no such licks, the reindeer should be given coarse stone or common table salt mixed with oven ash. Salt feeding should be started in the middle of winter (January 15-25 - February 1), when low-lying pastures, rich in snowy greens, become inaccessible due to deep and dense snow.
Top dressing continues throughout the winter and calving period until the green vegetation appears and the deer stop approaching the feeders. At least 5 g of salt is required per deer per day during the entire period. Thus, a herd of 2,000 deer of the main livestock consumes 10 kg of salt or briquettes per day, or about a ton for the entire period.
Salt is given to the deer in troughs with long, dense boardwalks and bumpers to prevent spillage. Such feeders are convenient because they are not overturned by reindeer, and when the herd moves, they can be easily transported to a new pasture. For a herd of 2000 deer, you need to have 3-4 feeders, which are evenly spaced along the daily path of the herd.
If there are not enough feeders, there is a crowd around them, strong deer do not allow young animals and weak deer, that is, just those animals that especially need mineral feeding, to approach them.
When the reindeer are transferred to a fresh section of the salt feeder, they are driven in front of the herd, making their way through the virgin soil, and the reindeer are especially willing to follow. Upon arrival at the site, the feeders are transported across the pasture in such a way that they are evenly distributed throughout the plot.
If you put a large amount of salt in the feeder and immediately for several days, then part of it is lost - the deer sprinkle salt on the ground. Therefore, it is recommended to pour a 1-2-day supply into the feeders and replenish it as it is fed.
In order to accustom deer to mineral feeding, no special techniques are required.... As soon as it becomes clear from the behavior of the deer that they need mineral salts, feeders are installed at the grazing area. During the first 2-3 days, most deer begin to come up regularly and lick the salted briquettes.
Salt feeding strengthens the body of the deer and promotes the good development of the fetus in pregnant females. Reindeer, regularly receiving mineral supplements, have an improved appetite, they dig up and eat food more vigorously, which is very important for maintaining normal body condition of the females by the calving period.
In herds, where salt feeding is regularly carried out, the barrenness of the fish sharply decreases, the number of perasteles and births of dead calves decreases, the number of calves is reduced in the first days of life, new horns in young animals grow faster, and the coat shines and gives the impression of being greased, diseases decrease. Therefore, mineral feeding is now an obligatory method for improving the winter feeding of reindeer.
In winter and spring, reindeer willingly eat protein supplements and react very positively to it.... On the Kola Peninsula, herds of transport reindeer did not lose their fatness and working capacity for a long time, with a daily supply of 250 g of fishmeal per reindeer. A special experience of selective feeding of weak whales in the preliminarily period gave a positive result: with a minimum expenditure of labor and protein feed, the whales grew up normally and raised calves.
Protein feeding becomes especially important under unfavorable conditions of winter and spring grazing in some years. As a result of the high height and density of the snow cover, ice formations on the soil and snow surface, large areas of spring pastures are made inaccessible for deer. In such areas, the animals' fatness sharply decreases and the weakest deer begin to withdraw from exhaustion.
Under these conditions, even an insignificant addition of protein substances to pasture fodder gives a great positive effect, dramatically improving the general condition of the body and preventing the loss of live weight. As a protein supplement, you can use fish and meat-and-bone meal, fish waste, compound feed, etc.
The cheapest is to feed deer with fish waste (heads and entrails) mixed with a small amount of compound feed for cattle. Eating such a mixture of 3-4 kg per day during the critical periods of spring lack of food, the animals are more energetically looking for and digging up pasture food, even a short-term feeding helps to avoid the spring migration of deer.
They very quickly get used to feeding with fish meal, fish waste and other protein feeds and, as soon as the feed is brought into the herd, they quickly gather to the feeders.
Concentrated feed can be transported to herds by airplanes and helicopters... Such feeding in the herds of the Malozemelskaya tundra showed that even significant expenses for air transport are fully paid off by preserving tens and hundreds of reindeer, which were timely maintained during the critical period of unavailability of pasture feed.
The work of recent years has revealed the biological and economic efficiency of the introduction of carbamide and other substitutes for fodder protein in the diet of deer. Enrichment of the usual winter-spring mineral feeding with carbamide at the rate of 10-15 g per reindeer per day helps to maintain body condition, accelerate the molting process, and improve the growth of horns.
Calves from calves fed with urea are better developed, have a higher live weight and increased vitality compared to calves whose mothers did not receive urea.
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Recommended perennial crops sown outside the enclosure are mown annually just before flowering, and then once or twice more. After the first mowing, it is advisable to feed non-pure legumes and alfalfa grass stands with nitrogen fertilizers (60-80 kg / ha), which will increase their yield and the amount of crude protein. The last mowing can be done even after the first frost, keeping the forage moist in small piles under sheds in feeding plots or in sunny glades, where it thaws in the thaw or in early spring.
The sooner the hay is dried, the better its quality. The most common method of field drying of grasses in bulk is the most inefficient and leading to the greatest loss of nutrients. The stalks of leguminous crops need to be flattened, which speeds up the wilting of the mowed mass by 1.5-2 times, and the loss of nutrients is reduced by 15-20%. With repeated drying after rain, a sharp decrease in the quality of hay occurs: the amount and digestibility of protein, sugar and starch decrease by 4-5, fat - 2 times. Noteworthy is the technology of harvesting placer hay with a moisture content of 25-30% with treatment with anhydrous ammonia (10-15 kg / t), which prevents the stack from self-heating, increases the protein content and helps preserve the crop from rodents.
A more advanced technology is pressing hay with a moisture content of 20-25% from rolls into bales, rolls or rolls wrapped in plastic wrap, which allows you to maintain nutritional value, significantly improves the digestibility of crude protein and reduces the cost of feed by about 20-30%. This technology is widely used in the agriculture of Western European countries and in our advanced farms.
It is better to store loose, baled or rolled hay in sheds and under sheds, in the worst case - in haystacks with a bed of beds. It should be noted that with open access to food, wild boars can destroy tons of oat or oat-vetch-pea straw, alfalfa, goat's or rapeseed hay in a few days and leave deer without food. Therefore, when keeping reindeer and wild boar together, high-quality hay should only be stored in closed sheds or outside the enclosures.
You should not put hay in the typical nursery-type feeders with a roof, which are usually recommended for reindeer in all hunting publications. They are small-sized, very laborious to maintain, the hay in them quickly erodes, turns white, loses the last moisture, and ungulates, roe deer in particular, do not eat such food. In any case, it is more expedient to lay hay from storage on snow. In the thaw, it will become more humid and, accordingly, more attractive and beneficial for ungulates.
There should be no ropes, twines, twines and wires in the hay, otherwise they entangle the legs of the animals, cutting into the skin to the bone, or hang on the horns, which leads to the death of the animal caught on the tree. There should also be no polyethylene, which ungulates often eat, getting volvulus. Another, more expensive way is high-temperature drying of crushed herbaceous crops or wood pulp from cutting waste for the production of grass and wood flour, chaff, pellets, briquettes and feed mixtures in units of the ABM type, which ensures maximum preservation, digestibility and assimilation of nutrients and vitamins, significantly increases the productivity of animals, simplifies the distribution of feed and provides high economic efficiency. Herbal flour from oriental goat's rue and rapeseed "00" in terms of protein content exceeds grain crops by almost 1.5 times, and in terms of the amount of mineral substances - 2.5-3 times. Alfalfa pellets with special mineral additives and biologically active substances are the staple food of deer and wild boar on many North American and European ranches. The industrial production of this feed in Russia promises considerable benefits for farmers and businessmen.
Whenever possible, all wild ungulates give preference to more moist protein (from leguminous grasses) forage - haylage (45-60% water) and non-acidic silage (65-85% water). In terms of fodder merits, these fodders are close to the green mass of grasses. The best silage is obtained from a mixture of crops: sunflower with peas, vetch or corn, oats with peas or corn, corn with soybeans or peas. Silage and grain silage are usually prepared from oats or barley with the addition of vetch, peas and sunflowers. The main preservative factor that ensures the preservation of the plant mass during sealed storage is carbon dioxide (CO2). Silage and silage technology is relatively simple and well established in agriculture. The crushed (3-4 cm) green mass in silage and haylage trenches and mounds, treated with chemical or biological preservatives, is carefully compacted and immediately covered from all sides with a polymer film to isolate it from air and atmospheric precipitation.
It is preferable to place silage and silo storages inside the aviary. In this case, the animals will feed directly from trenches or mounds, in which the food does not freeze even in severe frosts due to the generated heat. It is important to prevent the animals from opening the feed from above and from the sides, which usually leads to freezing, contamination with excrement and spoilage. Juicy fodder imported from outside (haylage, silage, roots and tubers), laid out in small heaps in winter on feeding grounds, usually freeze strongly and become inedible. It is preferable to lay out such food in small portions only in a thaw or in spring in places well warmed by the sun. Succulent food in many respects contributes to the gradual transition of ungulates from winter food to green spring food. Therefore, in a severely frosty period, the ration of animals should be hay, in a slightly frosty period - mixed, in the spring period - mainly hay and silage.
Concentrated feed (grain, grain mixtures, grain waste, wastes from flour milling, bakery, starch, sugar, brewing industries, etc.) are rich in protein and are readily eaten by ungulates. Grain and any grain mixtures, however, cannot fully satisfy the needs of animals for essential nutrients. They need a variety of feed and micro-additives in various combinations and ratios in the composition of feed. The biological usefulness of the latter is usually achieved by introducing premixes (1-5% of the mass of compound feed), which include synthetic preparations of vitamins, amino acids and enzymes, mineral salts, antibiotics, antioxidants, natural minerals, immunomodulators and other biologically active substances that contribute to prevention of diseases associated with a lack of vitamins and microelements, normalizing metabolism and energy, increasing the digestibility of feed and the productivity of animals. Along with compound feeds, the feed industry produces protein-vitamin concentrate (BVC), which is added to grain mixtures from 25 to 50%, and protein-vitamin-mineral additives (BVMD), which are usually added to compound feed up to 25-35% by weight. They cannot be used in their pure form (for more details on feed and biologically active feed additives for animals, see: Mukhina et al., 2008).
Domestic mixed feed and premixes are specially designed for poultry of all kinds and game birds, pigs of all ages, cattle, horses, sheep and goats, herbivorous and carnivorous fur animals, laboratory and house animals, dogs and domestic reindeer. Wild ungulates have been left behind by technological progress, and there is also a vast field of activity for technologists and businessmen.
Grain for ungulates needs to be fed (but not stored!) In crushed or crushed form - this way it is much better digested by the body. Compound feed, bran, flour, oilcakes and meal they eat willingly and in large quantities, which often leads to blockage of the esophagus, cessation of chewing gum and belching, swelling of the scar and death of animals. Therefore, it is better to give these feeds in small portions mixed with silage, haylage and chopped root crops, or after soaking them for 3-4 hours in cold water, which prevents the feed from swelling in the stomach. Complete feed mixtures prepared during silage, silage or just before feeding are the most useful and promising for farming.
Concentrated feeds are spread for animals in feeders and on feeding tables, raised above the ground to the height of their breasts, or on snow to increase moisture. It should be taken into account, however, that some of the reindeer food can be eaten by wild boars: they stand on their hind legs, with their front legs rest against the edge of the feeder, reach for food or throw it to the ground with their snouts.
All feed should be not only high-calorie, but also of high quality. Their quality is usually determined by smell and color. The hay should be green and fragrant. Good quality silage smells like pickled apples. Musty and putrid odors, the presence of mold, gray, brownish or brownish color of hay, haylage, silage and grain feed are obvious signs of their unsuitability.
The feeding of ungulates in hunting parks should be regular and abundant throughout the entire autumn-winter and early spring period, and with their high density - almost all year round. One roe deer requires about 1.5 kg of juicy, 0.2 kg of concentrated feed and about 1 kg of high-quality hay per day. The diet of sika and red deer in maral and reindeer herding usually consists of 1.5-2 kg of high-quality hay, 2-6 kg of silage and 0.3-1 kg of concentrated feed, provided with free water year-round, and its structure is not the same in seasons. years (Table 4). With a shortage of natural food and on very frosty days, the calculation rate is almost doubled. In winter, one red deer needs about 10-13 quintals of coarse, 12-15 quintals of juicy and about 2-2.5 quintals of concentrated feed, sika deer and fallow deer, respectively, about 6, 8 and 1.5-2 quintals, roe deer - slightly less, since they are more picky about food and leave a significant part of the laid out feed in the feeders. It is less labor-intensive to spread a double portion every other day, but in severe frosts you have to feed the animals daily. Animals usually go to the feeders twice a day - in the morning and in the evening, but hungry - at any time of the day.
In trophy farms, males during the period of growth of horns significantly increase the share of concentrated feed: crushed oats, wheat and barley, as well as corn and mixed feed with biologically active feed additives, bran, oilcake and meal - up to 0.5-0.7 kg per a day for one roe deer and up to 1.2-2 kg per individual for different species of deer and fallow deer. It will not be superfluous at this time to add to the feed bone, meat and bone meal and fish meal, feed precipitate, monocalcium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, crushed chalk and feed mineral complex additives (DCMC). It would be very nice if our feed industry mastered the production of special concentrates for "trophy" animals. Females need an increased rate of concentrates in the last two months of pregnancy.
With high-quality, abundant and balanced nutrition, rapid growth of young stock, high fertility of females and raising good offspring are guaranteed, and males will have powerful horns, which has been proven by many years of practice in antler reindeer herding. Feeding the boar. This ungulate needs specific protein food (in nature - earthworms, insects, carrion, cereals and legumes, fruits), which ensures the maximum accumulation of fat reserves. In hunting and farming households for wild boar, they usually lay out grain waste or grain of oats, barley, wheat and rye, as well as corn, peas, sunflower, lupine, potatoes, beets, carrots, Jerusalem artichoke, apples, pears, acorns, beech nuts, mixed feed, cake , various wastes from food enterprises, meat and bone meal. With such an assortment, it will be very beneficial for the farmer to have close friendships with the managers of grain elevators and various food enterprises. Often, such food is brought into open-air cages and left in heaps under the open sky, which leads to its deterioration. Wild pigs, despite being omnivorous, do not eat all the feed offered to them, but, as practice shows, only benign, highly nutritious and mostly moist. In most cases, animals with a well-developed self-preservation instinct do not approach spoiled food as long as they have the opportunity to find another. In hunger, they eat such food, but the consequences can be sad for both animals and farmers. Cases of poisoning and death of wild boars, especially underyearlings, by poor-quality food are recorded everywhere.
It should also be noted that wild pigs are very careful about any new food and, even when hungry, do not immediately eat it. Sometimes they ignore Jerusalem artichoke or grain feed for weeks if it contains a large proportion of vetch seeds. They do not immediately eat silage, especially corn silage. They eat carrots, cabbage and turnips poorly, and more readily when chopped.
Whole grain must be crushed before being placed in the feeders. As our experiments show, its digestibility by wild boars in this case increases by almost a third, and the farmer, accordingly, does not "throw away" a third of the feed into the manure! The boar's favorite food is corn and peas. Potatoes are also considered the best food, although this is not entirely true. It is rich in carbohydrates, but low in protein, so this food can only be regarded as "supportive". Jerusalem artichoke is much more valuable in all respects.
Wheat, barley, soybeans, oats, vetch-pea-oat mixture, grain and leguminous mixtures of crops, mown at the stage of milky-wax ripeness, dried and stored in heaps and stacks - is also good and, most importantly, relatively cheap feed. The delivery of unthreaded haystacks, folded during stacking on drags (felled branchy trees), to winter shelters of animals in open-air cages can become one of the main methods of feeding. Wild boars also willingly eat stacks of alfalfa and green rape, mowed after frost and stored in heaps at feeding grounds.
A wonderful product for animals (but so far expensive for a farmer) is a granulated compound feed intended for fattening domestic pigs to fatty conditions. It is preferable to lay out cereal feed and compound feed in strong, long and stable wooden or metal troughs or on platforms made of boards built on the ground, which prevents food from being trampled into the mud and reduces the risk of infection with helminths, and in winter it is better to sprinkle the feed in small portions on the snow to increase moisture ... At the same time, part of the food remains in the snow, however, as it melts, all the food will be eaten. In order to avoid competition for food and fights leading to injuries, it is advisable to spread the food as wide as possible. For underyearlings, separate feeding grounds are arranged, fenced off from the penetration of adults, which will make it possible to guarantee their food supply, significantly reduce injuries and make it possible to carry out deworming. In the case of joint keeping of wild boar and red deer, the feeding grounds for the former will also have to be fenced off, since the deer dominate, quickly eat food and at the same time shit in troughs.
The estimated period for feeding wild pigs in hunting farms is 70-165 days, depending on climatic conditions, the daily rate of laying is 1-3 kg per head, depending on the type of feed and the severity of winters. The annual feeding rate in Zavidovo is 100-110 kg of potatoes and about 7 kg of peas per individual, which is not enough in snowy winters. In January - March, the calculation rate is increased to 2-3.5 kg per animal. In Belovezhskaya Pushcha and in the Berezinsky Reserve, from 0.5 (November) to 2-4 kg (until March) are spread per one animal per day. On frosty days, the daily ration is increased to 3-4 kg per individual. In fact, under natural conditions, during the snowy period, each wild boar requires at least 300-500 kg of high-quality feeding. In open-air cages, with a large population and a shortage of natural feed, each wild boar requires at least 1 ton of feed per year, which is very noticeable for a farmer's wallet. Otherwise, the animals will die.
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