What is ASV and how does the bank deposit insurance system work in Russia? How to find out the status of a statement of disagreement with the amount of compensation in the ASU Liquidation of insolvent credit institutions

"DIA status of a statement of disagreement" - such a query in a search engine may greatly surprise uninterested people, but there is nothing special about it.

The DIA is the Deposit Insurance Agency that provides payments to citizens affected by the bankruptcy of a bank.

Statement of Disagreement with the DIA

At the beginning of this century, the state corporation DIA was created in Russia, the task of which was to insure the finances of citizens-clients of banks.

The procedure was mandatory for all banks, without exception, and applied to money in open accounts, debit cards and citizens' deposits.

The exceptions are:

1. Accounts of lawyers (notaries and lawyers) opened for their activities.
2. Bearer deposits.
3. Money held in trust by banks.
4. Deposits in branches of Russian banks located in other countries.
5. Electronic money and transfers for which no accounts have been opened.
6. Precious metal deposits.

If a bank's license is revoked, then all the money invested is returned to its clients in full, but in the amount of no more than 1.4 million rubles.

If the bank is declared bankrupt, depositors who have lost more than 1.4 million rubles will receive the balance after all liquidation procedures have been completed. To receive money, a citizen must submit an application and a passport to the DIA or an agent bank. This must be done during the entire liquidation period.

Note: You can receive both cash and transfer it to the account of another bank.

Usually, the DIA determines the amount to be paid on its own, based on the data of the bankrupt bank, but it happens that the amount is determined incorrectly. For example, if a client opened both a debit and a credit card at the bank, but when calculating the amount to be paid, the last payments on the loan were "lost". In this case, you must write a statement of disagreement with the amount of payments.

Also, a similar situation may arise due to the difference in the foreign exchange rate on the day of the license revocation and the day of closing.

For example, upon liquidation of VPB-Bank on the day of revocation of the license, the dollar exchange rate was 60 rubles, on the day of payment of the deposit - 58 rubles. When returning a deposit of 100 thousand dollars, the client will lose 200 thousand rubles.
Subscriber services for legal entities in St. Petersburg - we will take over all the legal work in your company: consultations, legal opinions, contract work, legal representation and registration actions.

The procedure for submitting an application will be as follows:

1. First of all, it is necessary to receive a primary insurance payment, the maximum amount of which is 1.4 million rubles. Upon receipt, the DIA issues an account statement with a mark on the payment of part of the funds.
2. Fill out a statement of disagreement and submit it to the agent bank. This can be done in person or by registered mail.
3. DIA submits the application for consideration to the bank within 10 calendar days. Consideration takes the same period. If the bank has made a decision in favor of the client, then the correct information is transmitted to the DIA within 10 days. The DIA will correct the register within 5 days, notify the client and reimburse the correct amount. If the bank refused to satisfy, the client has the right to sue.

How to find out the status of the application

The easiest way to find out at what stage the application is through the agency's official website https://www.asv.org.ru.

This requires:

1. Go to the "Deposit insurance" tab - "Find out the status of the application".
2. Enter the necessary data: the name of the bank (to be selected from the list), full name, series and number of the passport.

Take into account: it is important not to forget to click the checkbox opposite the item "I agree with the processing of personal data."

After the search, the system will write at what stage the application is. If the system did not find the application at all, it is worth carefully checking the entered data - perhaps an error has crept in somewhere.

DIA or the Deposit Insurance Agency allows bank customers not to worry about their own deposits. In case of bankruptcy of the bank, individuals will be returned all their deposits in full. If the amount payable is less than it should be, the client must file a statement of disagreement and demand to reconsider the amount.

Watch a video explaining how the Deposit Insurance Agency works:

The domestic banking sector today is haunted by almost detective stories. The press brought to the court of the financial community the criminal schemes according to which some dishonest bankers work with depositors' money. As a result of such schemes, information on the deposit may be absent (in whole or in part) in the register of bank liabilities formed by the DIA with a revoked license.

What schemes are used by fraudulent bankers?

On the asset, "creative" bankers have a fairly extensive range of schemes that they use to reduce their responsibility for depositors' money.

One of the ways is to receive money under a non-standard deposit agreement, and not to a balance sheet account, but “for balance”. In this case, the client is aware of the shadow scheme and deliberately takes a risk in exchange for a higher interest rate, which is set for him personally. In such a scheme, the balance account number of the deposit does not exist, which makes it difficult to recognize the agreement as valid under the relevant legislation. The users of such deposits are persons from the circle of personal acquaintances of top managers and owners of a credit institution. Such VIP depositors always take big risks, i.e. invest multimillion-dollar capital, relying only on the banker's "word of honor".

In another scheme, the client's money also goes "off the balance", although the depositor does not even know about it. A completely real agreement is concluded with him, the money is initially credited to the balance account, as it should be. But then the metamorphosis begins, which is not known not only by the client, but also by the bank's operating staff. With the help of a special computer program (ABS, hidden from prying eyes, which dishonest bankers install secretly from everyone), an expense is drawn up from the deposit account without the consent of the depositor. It can be a cash order or a non-cash payment in favor of an organization under the control of fraudulent bankers. In the course of "off-balance sheet" deposits 1-2 employees from among the management.

Thus, money is invested in a high-risk business, which can result in losses. It is understood that the client's money does not disappear at all; at the right time, it is returned to the official banking ABS. But nevertheless, these investments are not protected by the state for quite a long time and there is a high probability that they will be lost forever. Interestingly, with this scheme, the deposit account statement reflects only official transactions known to the client. True, the bank delays the issuance of the statement by about a day, if the client wishes to receive one, because the procedure is consistent with the one who controls the second shadow ABS, while under normal circumstances, in a bona fide bank, the document is printed out right in front of the client.

The schemes described above are sometimes used by bankers in circumstances when the Central Bank temporarily prohibits a credit institution from accepting new deposits from the population or restricts the volume of such transactions. This happens due to the problems identified by the regulator in the financial organization during the audit. But dishonest bankers are trying to come up with shady schemes to continue their high-risk business bypassing the prohibitions. At the same time, the depositors themselves do not even know about the prohibitions and restrictions imposed by the Central Bank on their bank.

Another common case for the withdrawal of client money is the registration of new deposits by splitting old ones into amounts of less than 700 thousand rubles. (i.e. the limit insured by the state), but already in the pre-crisis period, which threatens to end for the bank with the revocation of the license. Here, deposits are made out to dummies in collusion with fraudulent bankers. As a result of such actions, the amount of funds for distribution among other clients to whom the bank is in debt is reduced. Note that the DIA treats any crushing operations during this period as fraudulent. Therefore, all depositors, without exception, strongly discourage splitting the deposit into different persons at the very moment when it became known about the bank's problems with a lack of money.

In the banking environment, not often, but still there are openly criminal cases of deliberate destruction of information about customer deposits. Moreover, most often it is the electronic database that is erased from the bank's computer server. Although there is a risk of loss and paper documents. True, such stories are extremely rare and occur only when the impending bankruptcy is already becoming obvious to everyone.

Mosoblbank example

It cannot be said that many credit organizations commit such shady schemes. However, from the last cases with the revocation of the license, such worked in the well-known Master-Bank, My Bank, BPF and Moscow Lights.

But Mosoblbank, which has been rehabilitated since the end of May 2014, amazed with its inventions even the employees of the DIA and the Central Bank who had seen a lot. By the way, the Central Bank drew attention to the oddities in the reports of the MOB with the deposits of the population back in 2011-2012. But then the regulator had no legal basis to thoroughly check the bank's deposit base, because the secret of the deposit is protected by the state. At that moment, the Central Bank decided to limit itself to setting a limit for the credit institution on accepting new deposits and a statement to the General Prosecutor's Office and the Ministry of Internal Affairs about the presence of signs of criminal offenses. It is strange that it is precisely these state bodies that have not yet received a response.

Another "innovation" of Mosoblbank in the context of restrictions on attracting new money from the population can be called the distribution of bank shares to potential depositors for free or for a purely symbolic amount. The fact is that, according to the law, the Central Bank's restrictions do not apply to the bank's shareholders (even those who have only one share), so they can deposit money without violating the sanctions.

How does the state protect the depositor?

It is important to understand why bankers invent their "highly artistic" schemes. The fact is that the state, through the hands of the Central Bank, is trying to protect any commercial bank from investing client money in a high-risk business that may end in collapse. After all, high risks turn into not only big profits, but also losses. And the losses will be not only for bankers, but also for depositors who entrusted them with their money. Therefore, the Central Bank requires a large number of reports from its supervised, requires compliance with standards, regulates their risks. On the other hand, banks are trying to hide their activities that the Central Bank does not like, so they “paint” a beautiful picture for the Central Bank about their supposedly “prudent” business within the framework that the regulator sets them.

In addition, for every ruble received from individuals, the bank is obliged to make contributions to the DIA fund. By withdrawing money from the balance sheet (that is, “hiding” it from the eyes of the Central Bank), a dishonest banker not only makes the cost of attracted investments cheaper, but at the same time greatly increases the risks of investors and underestimates the volume of the CER fund created only for the benefit of depositors.

The fact is that the volume of the DIA fund is adjusted on a quarterly basis. Banks submit there updated information on the amount of funds raised for the last quarter, deducting a share of 0.1% for insurance. An exact register with the names of all depositors and their account balances is transferred by the bank to the DIA only upon the occurrence of an insured event. At this moment, employees of the state corporation can legally check the compliance of the electronic register of customers with the data stored in the bank. If it is impossible to obtain an electronic database, the registers are restored manually by the hands of the DIA on the basis of paper documents, incl. accounting registers.

In the history of bankruptcies, it is rare, but it happened that the DIA learns about the discrepancy between customer data and the bank register from the depositor's statement of disagreement with the amount. This can be submitted through an agent bank at the time of obtaining insurance there. In addition, you can find out about the presence of your surname in the register and the exact amount of payments by sending a written request to the DIA, but after the license has been revoked from the bank. Under ordinary non-criminal circumstances, it is enough for a depositor: to wait for the start of payments (two weeks after the date of the revocation of the license), to find out the names of agent banks from the press or on the DIA website and come to one of them, taking only a passport with him.

How can an investor protect himself?

To protect your deposit from fraudulent actions of dishonest bankers, we recommend following some simple rules:

1. Avoid banks where any problems with the law are known from the press. The same applies to banks, whose deposit operations are limited or suspended by the Central Bank. The same applies to banks closely associated with odious politicians or structures whose risks of being involved in corruption schemes are very high in practice.
2. Do not trust "familiar bankers" promising high interest rates in exchange for: a non-standard deposit agreement, the absence of an incoming cash order (if the deposit is replenished in cash) and the absence of a balance account number of the deposit (always 20 characters, starts with the numbers "423" for resident individuals) ... When crediting money to a deposit, compare the deposit account number indicated in the cash order with the account number indicated in the agreement. They must match exactly.
3. Periodically (for example, once a quarter or half a year) order from the bank a statement of the movement of funds on the deposit, especially after a new replenishment, write-off or calculation of interest. The extract should be certified with a seal and a manual signature of the head of the organization's division. This document must be kept until the contract is closed. Also store all receipts, cash orders and non-cash payment documents accompanying the deposit.
4. At the moment when everyone already knows about the bank's lack of money, it is not recommended: to re-register the deposit for several other persons (i.e. deliberately split into smaller amounts) or to conclude a fictitious loan agreement, even if it is offered by bank employees. Such schemes will be viewed by the DIA as suspicious and may result in lingering problems for the depositor, incl. through the court. Split into amounts less than 700 thousand rubles. it is recommended at the very beginning, even before the conclusion of the contract, and not when it became clear that only a few days remained before the bank's license was revoked. In a crisis of non-payments, it is better to try to join the queue in order to withdraw money through the cashier or to issue a payment order.

What if something "terrible" happened?

In case, nevertheless, information about your deposit is absent in the register of obligations of a bank that has just closed, there is also a recipe. First, you need to fill out a special application to the DIA about your claims to receive a deposit. Secondly, to attach the evidence base, i.e. deposit agreement and receipts and expense documents described above. In such cases, the employees of the DIA quickly restore the rights of depositors and after two weeks include them in the register of obligations for insurance payments.

A longer procedure will be faced by those persons who were refused by the DIA to include the deposit in the register of obligations, because they suspect them of intentionally splitting the deposit, or who have a non-standard agreement without a balance account number in their hands. On such precedents, there is already a positive judicial practice in favor of the depositor. Although you will have to spend money on a good lawyer and have patience for several months in advance. Note that the courts still do not always meet the “grinders” halfway.

The sums of deposits exceeding the insurance of 700 thousand rubles. the DIA is included in the so-called register of first priority creditors, i.e. it is possible to hope for their partial return based on the results of bankruptcy proceedings in the event of bankruptcy of the bank.

Initially, insurance compensation was limited to the amount of 100,000 rubles, and the Deposit Insurance Agency included only federal banks. Since 2006, the amount of compensation has almost doubled and amounted to 190,000 rubles, and already in 2008 400,000 rubles were paid to the affected depositors.

The sources of funds for the DIA fund are: Insurance premiums of banks, which constitute the main source and occupy more than 80% Profit from investment of the fund's resources is about 14% Property contribution of the Russian Federation 5% At the moment, more than 800 banks are included in ABC, and the amount of insurance payment is 700 000 rubles. The DIA carries out procedures for the control of the banks of the participants, controls, forms the flow of funds and manages the funds of the fund. Recently, the DIA has also been entrusted with the functions of financial rehabilitation of banks, as well as the appointment of bankruptcy commissioners and the conduct of liquidation procedures in insolvent banks.

How does ASV work?

The main function of the DIA is to protect the savings of depositors who place deposits in Russian banks in rubles and in any other currency, but only on the territory of Russia.

For any bank licensed to work with deposits of individuals and operating in the Russian Federation, participation in the state deposit insurance system is mandatory. Citizens making deposits in banks do not need to additionally sign an insurance contract with the DIA, since all banks included in the register of the compulsory insurance fund automatically receive a compensation guarantee for their depositors in the DIA system. The Deposit Insurance Agency returns to the depositor the amount of the deposit upon the occurrence of an insured event, then the calculations for reimbursement of the deposited amount of the deposit between the bank and the DIA are carried out without the depositor's participation.

How do banks insure deposits?

The deposit insurance system obliges the bank to transfer insurance premiums to the fund on a quarterly basis in the amount of 0.1% of the amount of all existing deposits of individuals from its own funds. Investors' funds are not included in the deductions. This is how the insurance fund is created. Thus, the bank client does not need to additionally insure his deposit, the insurance has already been completed. Thus, all your deposits up to the maximum reimbursement limit are reliably protected and you do not need to worry about the bank's reliability and additional insurance.

How can I find out if a bank is included in the deposit insurance system?

As noted above, all banks licensed to carry out banking activities and working with individual funds are required to conclude an insurance contract with the DIA, it will not be superfluous to check whether your bank is on the list of participating banks or not on the website of the Deposit Insurance Agency. Many banks on their booklets and websites necessarily provide information for depositors that the bank is in the insurance system. Is interest insured? The state limit on the payment of the sum insured is limited. A depositor of a closed bank will receive up to 700,000 rubles. Interest on the deposit will also be reimbursed if they are part of the deposit (capitalized), but if both the interest and the deposit are within the maximum amount. If citizens have deposits in foreign currency, then in the event of an insured event, compensation is made at the exchange rate at the time of the insured event. If you have an amount that exceeds the maximum compensation, it makes sense to divide it into deposits in different banks.

Where to apply for payment of the sum insured?

If it so happens that your bank can no longer fulfill its obligations, the payment for the insured event is made either by the DIA Fund itself or by the bank appointed by the Fund. You will find the exact information where to go either in the media (the bank is obliged to inform depositors) or by going to the website of the deposit insurance agency asv.org.ru or at the bank itself. In order to receive the amount of compensation due to you, it is enough to come to the Deposit Insurance Agency or to the agent bank. appointed by the DIA with a passport and a standard application, which can be obtained on the DIA website.

Which deposits are refundable and which are not?

Deposits of individuals (including debit cards) and deposits of individual entrepreneurs are insured and subject to reimbursement. Exception: Bearer deposits. Trust Deposits. Contributions of entrepreneurs of certain types of activities (advocates, lawyers, notaries).

Deposits in foreign branches. Deposits in precious metals according to the law of precious metals. metals do not belong to cash). Transfers without opening an account, including electronic transfers. The maximum amount to be reimbursed is 700,000 rubles. The state guarantees depositors an unconditional return of the deposit no later than two weeks from the date of submission of the application. According to the law, all banks carrying out banking activities in Russia necessarily become participants in the deposit insurance fund, then a deposit of up to 700,000 rubles can be safely entrusted to any bank, since in the event of bankruptcy or license revocation, you will return your savings within 14 days.

Under what conditions does an insured event occur?

An insured event occurs when: The bank's license of the Central Bank is canceled or revoked. The Central Bank introduces a ban on the satisfaction of creditors' claims (bank bankruptcy, serious financial difficulties of the bank).

Do not pay attention to "smart" advice that you need to choose a reliable bank, albeit with low interest rates on deposits. Choose deposits with the maximum profitability and capitalization, and the DIA deposit insurance system guarantees the return of your savings in any case.

More than three hundred Russian banks are currently in the process of liquidation - such data was published in November. Almost each of these credit institutions attracted deposits from individuals and individual entrepreneurs. The deposit insurance system, which has existed in the Russian Federation since 2004, made it possible to return to depositors a total of 1.7 trillion rubles. This state program not only provides protection against possible loss of funds, but also significantly increases public confidence in banking structures and the institution of savings in general. What is a deposit insurance system (CER) and how is it organized?

The deposit insurance system in the Russian Federation is based on the fact that the state, in the event of bankruptcy of a bank or revocation of its license, guarantees a quick return to individual clients and individual entrepreneurs of the deposit amount of up to 1.4 million rubles. According to the Association of Russian Banks, in the first half of 2017, the average deposit of a resident of the country amounted to 163.1 thousand rubles, the share of deposits less than 1.4 million rubles is approaching 60%. Consequently, the most part of the population's savings falls under the parameters of the deposit insurance system (DIS).

How relevant the CER is can be judged at least by the fact that during its operation more than 3.6 million depositors took advantage of the opportunity to receive compensation. In total, during this period, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation revoked the licenses of over 400 banks (the full list can be found here: https://www.asv.org.ru/insurance/insurance_cases/). In 2017, 45 credit institutions stopped working, among which there are participants in the TOP-30 Russian banks (for example, Yugra).

The maximum amount of compensation for deposits in closed banks since the beginning of the program has grown 14 times. From 2004 to 2008, it was 100 thousand rubles, then increased to 700 thousand. Since the end of 2014, this figure has been at the level of 1.4 million rubles.

History of changes in the amount of insurance compensation:

• from January 2004 to August 9, 2006 - 100 thousand rubles;
• from August 10, 2006 to March 25, 2007 - 190 thousand rubles;
• from March 26, 2007 to October 1, 2008 - 400 thousand rubles;
• from October 2, 2008 to December 28, 2014 - 700 thousand rubles;
• from December 29, 2014 to the present - 1.4 million rubles.

Life story

Back in the early 2010s, I got caught with the Holding-Credit bank, where I kept a decent amount. It simply evaporated, and the contributor base was restored literally piece by piece, using separate preserved files. Fortunately, I ended up in one of the files, and the procedure went off without a hitch. 4 days after the announcement of the start of payments, I came to the Sberbank branch near Gorbushka and turned to the first employee I came across. He invited a special manager, who took me to a special window, where I signed the application and almost immediately received the contribution itself (fortunately, it was 370 thousand, less than the maximum) and interest. Finally, they said: "They don't owe you anything more.".

Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA): what is it and why was it created?

The Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) is a state organization established under the law “On Insurance of Individual Deposits in Russian Banks”. The tasks of the DIA include control over the contributions of banks to a special fund from which payments are made to depositors who have suffered as a result of bankruptcy or revocation of the bank's license

Since the deposit insurance system is a special state program, a corporation with 100% state participation was created for its implementation in 2004. The Deposit Insurance Agency (DIA) acts as a liquidator and bankruptcy administrator of banks with revoked licenses, and most importantly, it manages the compulsory deposit insurance fund, from which depositors are paid compensation.

The volume of the fund as of October 1, 2017 was about 40 billion rubles. However, this figure in itself says little: the process of returning the deposits of closed banks is ongoing, this year alone, the DIA attracted over 600 billion rubles in loans from. These loans are repaid due to the inflow of deductions from Russian banks to the fund within the framework of the deposit insurance system.

Available funds The Agency invests mainly in government securities and deposits of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation; it is prohibited by law to invest insurance fund money in bank shares.

The Board of Directors of the DIA is headed by the Minister of Finance of the Russian Federation, this body includes six more members of the country's government, as well as five representatives of the Central Bank, which underlines the official status of the Agency and its reliability, provided by state funds.

The safety of the deposit in the event of a bank collapse is guaranteed by Federal Law No. 177-FZ “On Insurance of Individual Deposits in Banks of the Russian Federation”.

Now the insurance system covers two categories of depositors: individuals and individual entrepreneurs.

The CER scheme is very similar to the algorithm of any compulsory insurance, except that the role of insurers is not citizens, but banks. Credit institutions deduct a share of the attracted funds to the Deposit Insurance Agency. From this money, an insurance fund is formed in the DIA, which is then spent on compensation to depositors of banks with a revoked license.

Current rates of contributions of banks to the deposit insurance system

To become a member of the CER, the depositor does not need to conclude a separate agreement - the deposit is insured automatically when it is opened.

There are only two insured events in which the DIA compensates the contribution:

1 Revocation or cancellation by the Central Bank of the bank's license. Occurs in case of detection of signs of insolvency (impending bankruptcy) or violation of the requirements of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Voluntary liquidation of the bank by its owners does not fall under the deposit insurance system - simply because the bank owners can make a decision to close the bank only after full settlement with all creditors, including depositors.

If the owners decide to simply lock the office doors and go abroad, the bank will be liquidated by the decision of the Central Bank - with the revocation of the license and compensation to customers within the deposit insurance system.

2 Moratorium. Prohibition of satisfying the claims of the bank's creditors (imposed by the Bank of Russia). A moratorium is introduced when the bank itself delays in payment to its creditors due to a lack of funds in its accounts.

Example: banks, in order to issue loans to individuals, take money on credit themselves at a lower interest rate from other banks and organizations.

The essence of this measure is that the Central Bank for 3 months suspends any payments to the bank (payments on deposits, on writ of execution, fines, penalties, etc.) except for current expenses (staff salaries, social benefits, utilities and other household payments).

During this period, the Central Bank checks the work of the credit institution and decides whether to revoke its license. Two weeks after the introduction of the moratorium and before its end, you can apply to the DIA with an application for compensation for the contribution. In the entire history of the Agency, the moratorium was introduced only twice: in Vneshprombank and Nota-Bank in 2015.

Central Bank of the Russian Federation

If the bank's license is revoked, the depositor can get back the invested amount (no more than 1.4 million rubles) without waiting for the procedure of the credit institution. The first payments are made already 14 days after the announcement of the revocation of the license (if the register of depositors is in order and has been submitted to the DIA on time).

The deposit insurance agency works, as a rule, through agent banks, there are sixty-two of them in the DIA register. These are the leading banks with state participation (for example, VTB24 made payments to the clients of Ugra Bank), as well as large private credit organizations (Alfa-Bank, B&N Bank and others).

This was done to improve accessibility: as a rule, there are branches of agent banks in all large cities, it is easier for depositors to go there than to send documents by mail to the DIA.

The legislation does not provide for any priority in the payment of compensation: two weeks after the revocation of the license, any depositor (both an individual and an individual entrepreneur) can apply to the agent bank - the main thing is that information about him is in the register of depositors of the bank whose license has been revoked ... More details about cases when information about the depositor is absent in the register and what to do in such situations is discussed at the end of this article.

The deposit return procedure is simplified as much as possible: the depositor applies to the agent bank with a minimum number of documents. If everything is in order, the individual is transferred to the account indicated by him or given in cash at the bank's cash desk. For an individual entrepreneur, the returned funds are transferred to an account in any bank (it is most profitable to open an account with an agent bank - you do not have to pay a commission).

Revocation of a license, after which the bank stops working, must be distinguished from reorganization (financial recovery). In the second case, a temporary administration is introduced in the bank, the owner can change and the media buzz, but nothing changes for the depositor - the work with deposits takes place as usual, the money can be withdrawn in full if desired. Usually, sanitation is applied in two cases:

• The bank is important for the state of the country's economy, and its closure may entail negative macroeconomic consequences;
• The deterioration is temporary and is associated with the panic of depositors, and not with a real financial "hole" in the bank's capital.

In 2017, the Central Bank sanitized two credit institutions from the TOP-10 - Otkritie and B&N Bank.

Which banks are included in the deposit insurance system

According to the DIA as of November 13, 2017, the deposit insurance system includes 476 operating Russian banks, in which over 24 trillion rubles of deposits of individuals and individual entrepreneurs are concentrated.

The law obliges all credit organizations that accept deposits from the population to participate in CERs. To be eligible to display the "Deposits are insured" banner on their website, banks must meet several requirements:

• Reliable reporting (according to the norms of the Central Bank), errors and inaccuracies should not affect the assessment of the financial stability of the organization;
• Fulfillment of the Central Bank standards for reserves, capital amount, etc .;
• The financial stability of the bank was recognized by the Central Bank as sufficient (primarily in terms of liquidity, quality of risk management and other similar parameters);
• Timely provision of data on the persons who control the bank.
• Timely correction of detected violations.

Not all banks meet these requirements. 4 credit organizations are now deprived of the right to attract funds from the population. Thus, the Central Bank points out to banks about problems with accounting for deposits and suspicion of maintaining "notebook" accounts, when money is taken from depositors, but not held according to documents.

After the ban on attracting new deposits, the Central Bank of the Russian Federation begins to check for the presence of off-balance accounts - for example, about 800 depositors were identified at Miko-Bank, whose money (828 million rubles) did not go through the bank's balance sheet and lost in an unknown direction. As a rule, the restriction on accepting deposits ends with the revocation of the license.

There are several ways to check if your bank is in the CER. The simplest thing is to look at the website of the Deposit Insurance Agency (section "Participating banks", sorted alphabetically: https://www.asv.org.ru/insurance/banks_list/). You can also clarify the information of interest by calling the free hotline : 8 800 200-08-05.

On the Internet resources of banks included in the deposit insurance system, there is a special sign developed by the DIA. Also, this sign is placed on glass in cash desks and at bank tellers.

How to return a deposit if the bank's license was revoked

The activity of the credit institution is terminated only by the Central Bank. The refund process starts immediately after the bank's license is revoked.

Within a week from the date of receipt of the register of debts to depositors, the Deposit Insurance Agency sends a message to the Bank of Russia Bulletin and the official city newspaper at the location of the bank.

The text indicates the place, time, form and procedure for accepting applications for the payment of compensation for deposits. Similar information is posted on the websites of the Agency and the bank itself. Then, within 30 days, the same messages are sent to depositors by mail.

Most often, depositors find out about the revocation of their bank's license from the media, they usually always talk about this in the news on central channels, write on large news sites and portals such as Yandex, Mail, etc.

Finally, if you come to the bank, and its office is suspiciously closed during the height of the working day, then here's what you should do:

1 Go to the DIA website and then either call the hotline 8 800 200-08-05, or enter the name of your bank into the search bar. If it turns out that the bank's license has been revoked, then you will find out which bank was appointed as the DIA's agent for compensation payments. These data are posted on the website of the Deposit Insurance Agency, or ask the hotline specialist.

2 14 days after the announcement of the revocation of the bank's license (its date is indicated on the Agency's website), the depositor, his representative or heir writes a statement in the DIA form. The form can be downloaded from the Agency's website (https://www.asv.org.ru/insurance/, section "Forms of documents") or filled in at the agent bank. No rush is required, but you need to be in time before the end of the bankruptcy procedure (this date will be announced on the websites of the DIA and the closed credit institution). If the depositor or his heir "yawned", the term can be restored by proving that force majeure circumstances, military service or serious illness interfered with the applicant.

3 Documents are attached to the application. For the depositor, a passport is enough, the representative also brings a notarized power of attorney. If the depositor is a minor, parents or guardians provide his birth certificate. A document of adoption is required from adoptive parents, and from guardians, respectively, on the establishment of guardianship. If it is not possible to submit documents in person to the agent bank, they can be sent by registered mail with notification.

4 According to the law, the agent bank must consider the depositor's application by the end of the next business day (if the bank has already received the depositors register from the DIA). If the amount of compensation is small, immediately after the application is received, it is paid through the cashier (the limit depends on the rules of the agent bank - in some cases, a million can be paid, but most often the amount is limited to one or two hundred thousand rubles). Otherwise, the depositor will be asked to come the next day, the required amount will be prepared. If in the application the depositor wished to receive money by wire transfer, the agent bank is given three working days for this.

5 Along with the money, the client is given a certificate of the amount paid / transferred. This document is especially important if your deposit exceeds 1.4 million, and you plan to file claims against the bank without a license in the future.

If the compensation of the deposit for some reason (not related to the refusal to the client) is not paid on time, the depositor has the right to go to court. You can require the following:

• forfeit;
• compensation for moral damage;
• payment of interest for the use of other people's money from the first day of delay.

Life story

I had a deposit of 200 thousand rubles in the ever-memorable Bank-T. I knew that the bank was dumb, but it offered interest that I could not resist (about 12.5%, even very cool at that time). As time went on, I deduced the interest on my card. And then I saw in Yandex that the bank's license had been revoked. I went to the DIA website - the first line of news contained a message about the timing of the appointment of the agent bank. I waited a few days, went to the site again - Sberbank was chosen as the agent bank. Deposits were not paid everywhere; the list of branches was also posted on the DIA's website. In the branch that was closest to me, the return of deposits was handled by the department that served Sberbank's VIP clients. But there was a queue there too - not of the scandalous grannies, but there was. The first time I came just to ask. They said that apart from a passport, nothing is needed. The state of accounts is punched on it. I was immediately found in the register, signed a statement drawn up by the manager - and that's it, you can go to the cashier. I didn't go to the cashier because I had an account with Sberbank and asked to transfer money to it. The translation came instantly. What was pleasantly surprised, even the interest for the last month of service was compensated. "Bank-T" paid interest on the last day of the month, and until November 30, it did not finish working. I thought that I would not receive anything in November or the maximum at the “demand” rate, but I was paid at the usual rate - another 1,700 rubles, plus a penny, plus to the body of the deposit.

DIA office in Moscow at the address: Vysotsky street, 4

FAQ

Are all types of bank deposits insured?

No, not all. The law establishes a clear list of deposits, the compensation of which the state guarantees:

• on demand and urgent;
• on salary, pension and scholarship bank accounts;
• on the accounts of individual entrepreneurs (in banks deprived of a license after January 1, 2014).
• on accounts owned by guardians and trustees, but opened for minors or incapacitated ones (in banks whose license was revoked after December 23, 2014).
• on special accounts () opened by individuals for settlements on real estate transactions (in banks that remained without a license after April 2, 2015).

But what banking products do not fall into the deposit insurance system:

• Funds on deposits of lawyers, notaries, etc., if these accounts are opened for professional activities.
• Bearer deposits of individuals.
• Funds transferred by individuals to banks in trust.
• Deposits opened in branches of Russian banks outside the Russian Federation (the CER does not apply to foreign countries).
• Electronic money deposits.
• Funds in nominal and escrow accounts (other than those mentioned above).
• Funds on unallocated metal accounts.

Is the interest on the deposit insured?

Yes, they are insured, but only if they were added to the principal amount of the deposit before the start of the bankruptcy procedure. Let's take a look at a few examples for a better understanding:

Example # 1

You have placed on a deposit 100,000 rubles, for a period of one year and interest accrual at the end of the term. Let's say that six months after the conclusion of the agreement, the bank's license was revoked. Since your money did not lie on the deposit for a year, it means that interest was not charged to you, which means that it is not subject to insurance.

Example # 2

You have placed on the deposit all the same 100,000 rubles, for a period of one year and interest accrual at the end of each month. Six months later, the bank's license was revoked. In this case, you will receive your contribution + interest for six months, as they were calculated and due to the amount of the contribution every month.

Does the deposit insurance system include debit card accounts?

Deposit insurance applies to debit card accounts, the compensation procedure for them is the same as for other types of deposits. Prepaid bank cards are an exception. Funds are not insured for them.

Life story

At one time, I had a plastic card "Svyaznoybank", lay myself, on it was "for a rainy day" the amount of 15 tr. One day, right before the New Year, I heard on the radio that the bank had closed already a month ago. At first I decided that the "stash" was gone forever, but nevertheless I got into the Internet to look for ends. On the bank's website, there was an instruction to apply for payments to Sberbank - with a passport. Knowing our bureaucracy, I took all the documents with me - the original and copies of the agreement with the bank and much more. And at the same time, the account number of the other card to transfer money there, if everything goes well. The branch of Sberbank, which I had to contact, was on the other side of the city, but I went there in good faith, thinking that the nearest office would hardly help me. They received me in 10 minutes. The employee took her passport and filled out the application herself. I signed. The employee herself went with the check to the cashier and brought me my 15 thousand. It all took exactly 20 minutes.

When can a payment be refused?

There are only three reasons why you will not be paid a deposit compensation:

• The register does not contain information about you as a contributor.
• You have provided incorrectly executed documents or did not provide any paper.
• The agent bank did not receive the register of depositors from the DIA.

The agent bank is obliged to provide you with a written explanation of the refusal to pay the insurance indemnity.

Life story

It took a long time to choose a bank to put money there, which they planned to spend later on buying an apartment, but in the meantime, earn on interest. Deposit insurance was one of the main conditions. We live in Samara, it seemed most convenient to open a deposit in the Volga-Kama bank. From time to time they came, replenished, took extracts - everything was as usual. And then there was a rumor that the bank was a skiff. We just had to pay a deposit to buy an apartment, got alarmed, ran to the bank. A kilometer-long queue, of course, they did not see the money, but almost by force they knocked out a bank statement with account balances with a bank mark. And they calmed down. We waited for a "letter of happiness" from the DIA - and fell into shock. We are not in the registry! But we have an extract! We wrote a counter statement to the Agency, attached a copy, we are waiting for a decision. An unsubscription came from the DIA: you are not in the registry. They didn't even look at the extract! If it were not for the State Duma deputy and the prosecutor's office, they would not have received anything. As a result, they were paid only after 6 months.

What if you were not in the register of contributors?

The reason for such an unpleasant situation may be the negligence of bank employees (documents related to depositors are lost or destroyed, employees are fired, there is nowhere to look for ends) or the so-called "off-balance sheet deposits" - when they took money from depositors, but did not spend it according to the documents, issuing bogus bills to clients. As a result, you have an agreement in your hands, but there is no information in the bank that you made a contribution. Accordingly, when contacting an agent bank for compensation, you will receive a refusal. For example, the depositors of Krossinvestbank, Miko-Bank, Stella-Bank had to experience a similar experience, where the number of "notebook" deposits approached 100%.

The DIA is checking the Samara Fia-Bank, the Saratov Econombank and the Moscow Russtroybank, a financier who knows this from people close to the state corporation told Vedomosti, and a person who knows the details of these checks confirmed. The agency is studying the financial position of banks, their assets and the proportionality of liabilities in order to understand whether they can be rehabilitated, says one of the interlocutors of Vedomosti.

The largest of these three - Russtroybank (113th place in terms of assets, according to Interfax-CEA) - has problems with liquidity. At the end of October, the RAEX agency downgraded its rating from B to C ("default, default") due to failure to fulfill "part of the obligations on borrowed funds to private and corporate lenders for five working days or more." According to the RAEX analyst Stanislav Volkov, the bank had a weak liquidity reserve, which quickly ended after a massive outflow of funds: Russtroybank invested in construction projects, from which it is difficult to quickly withdraw money.

This is not evident from the bank's statements: as of October 1, it did not violate liquidity standards. As of October 1, he had almost 22 billion rubles. funds of individuals, in September they increased by 186 million. True, 250 million rubles. other credit organizations were taken from the bank.

Employees of the Central Bank are conducting a routine inspection, which began at the end of September, said Boris Fedosimov, a lawyer for Russtroybank, which could result in the selection of a sanatorium bank that can help the bank and its depositors. He did not say whether the employees of the DIA were involved in the check.

Fia-bank (176th place) in August violated capital standards for eight days, it follows from its reports on September 1. The capital adequacy ratio (N1) these days dropped to 9.38% with a minimum of 10%. Adequacy ratios for base (N1.1) and main (N1.2) capital fell to 4.65% with the minimum allowable 5 and 6%. In September, Fia-Bank stopped violating the regulations. The bank broke through the standards for several days in a row due to the formation of reserves, says Karina Artemyeva, an analyst with the National Rating Agency (NRA, which rates the bank). It follows from the bank's statements that in September it increased provisions for loans to companies by 22% (215.4 million rubles) and another 115 million rubles. - in October. Fia-Bank had an order from the Central Bank to add reserves in a very short time, his counterparty knows.

NRA in October downgraded Fia-Bank's rating to BBB- due to "growth in reserves, increased pressure from formed reserves and a decrease in the ability of the main shareholder to provide assistance to the bank." NRA drew attention to “significant account balances for accounting for interest claims, which, net of already formed reserves, exceed 1 billion rubles. (more than 40% of the capital), while the quality of borrowers, to whom the bulk of these claims are taken into account, is assessed as low. " The bank took into account as income the interest on loans of a number of borrowers, which it attributed to the first and second quality categories, although in fact it did not receive this interest, its counterparty knows: such earnings provided about a third of the bank's interest income, without them the bank would have been unprofitable. The deposits of individuals in the bank as of October 1 were 15.7 billion rubles.

In Fia-Bank, a planned check of the Central Bank is being carried out, it does not interfere with the work of the bank - all operations are carried out in a regular mode, according to the response to Vedomosti and. O. the chairman of the board of Fia-bank Roman Buzaev. Whether employees of the DIA are involved in the check, he did not say.

Econombank (214th place) suffered from operations with securities, Volkov said. In July, RAEX downgraded its rating to B + - due to significant "accounts receivable with a low level of reserves created for them." Part of claims for shares in the amount of RUB 2.7 billion. the bank transferred with a deferred payment, debtors changed, says Volkov, noting that the bank's capital stock is small - 1.66 billion rubles. Individuals kept 10.5 billion rubles in the bank.

“The financial position of Econombank did not undergo any drastic changes and, accordingly, did not require the intervention of the DIA and the Central Bank. The DIA was checked by the bank on deposit insurance in October, and the bank received a high assessment of its quality. Checking the Central Bank is scheduled and is being carried out according to the previously agreed schedule from September 30, "- said a bank representative.

The DIA cannot independently check banks, checks are always sanctioned by the Central Bank, says Ivan Tertychny, a partner at Tertychny Law. The regulator engages the DIA to participate in inspections of banks on issues related to the size and structure of their obligations to depositors, completeness and correctness of payment of insurance premiums. The purpose of the DIA during the audit is to find out whether the bank has correctly calculated the amount of insured deposits and whether it is possible to quickly draw up a register of obligations to depositors. If the Central Bank discovers that depositors' money has been withdrawn from the bank, then the Central Bank decides to reorganize or revoke the license.

Representatives of the Central Bank and the DIA did not answer Vedomosti's questions.

They don't let out of the "City"

Moscow bank Gorod (180th place in the ranking of Interfax-CEA) is "experiencing a liquidity shortage" due to "a significant outflow of deposits that has occurred in the last two weeks." “As a result, the bank significantly limited settlement operations on all accounts and deposits,” the bank said. The board of directors has already adopted a financial recovery program, which includes cutting costs, a loan portfolio, and attracting a subordinated deposit, the bank said in a statement.