"Tokhtay"
The state biological reserve of regional significance with a total area of 14367 hectares is located on the territory of the Ermakovsky district. The main purpose of its creation is to protect the places of mass breeding of mammals (elk, red deer, roe deer), wintering accumulations of elk and red deer, as well as spawning grounds for valuable salmon fish.
In addition, the main tasks of the Tokhtay reserve include maintaining optimal conditions for the reproduction and migration of animals, preservation and reproduction of the flora, including species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as environmental monitoring and research ...
The creation of the Tokhtay reserve was announced back in 2004 as part of the WWF's Gift to the Earth. Then the governor of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Alexander Khloponin, promised to double the area of protected areas in the region by 2007.
"Zhura"
The reserve is located in the central part of the Balakhta region. Its area is 27.5 thousand hectares. The purpose of the organization is to create conditions for the reproduction of hunting resources, preservation of rare and endangered species of animals and plants.
The reserve is home to 14 species of animals and six species of plants listed in the Red Book of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The main migration routes of roe deer are also located within the boundaries of the protected area. Over 100 individuals winter there every year.
"Taibinsky"
Located on the territory of the Irbei region. The area of the protected area is 60 thousand hectares.
Peregrine falcon, killer whale, black stork, gray crane, taimen, elk, red deer, musk deer, lynx, sable, mink, wood grouse, black grouse, grayling are found on the territory of the reserve. The workers of the reserve ensure the protection of wild animals and their habitats, systematically keep track of the number of protected animals, feed them, rescue distressed animals and provide them with assistance.
Hunting and fishing, egg collection, construction, reclamation work, including drainage of swamps and straightening of river beds, the use of pesticides, plowing of land and deforestation are prohibited in the reserve. Visiting the reserve without special permission is also prohibited.
"Kandatsky"
It was formed in 1974 on the territory of Tyukhtetsky, Bolsheuluisky and Birilyusky districts in order to preserve, restore and reproduce the river beaver, as well as other valuable hunting and commercial species of animals and fish, along with their habitat. Since 2013, the goal of the reserve is to preserve and restore the number of rare and endangered species of animals and plants, to protect and reproduce hunting resources, species of animals that are valuable in economic, scientific and aesthetic terms, as well as to protect their habitats.
"Mashukovsky"
Located on the territory of Motyginsky and Taseevsky districts. It was established in 2004 with the aim of protecting and reproducing hunting and commercial species of animals, preserving and restoring the number of rare and endangered species of animals and birds, as well as their habitats.
The reserve is the most important link for the protection of Siberian roe deer and a particularly significant habitat for a large group of elk during migration and wintering.
Reserve "Agapa"
Nesting place for peregrine falcon and red-breasted goose. The reserve is located on the territory of the Taimyr municipal district, on the left bank of the Pyasina river. The area is 90 thousand hectares.
It was formed in 2013 in order to preserve rare and endangered species of flora and fauna, listed in the Red Book of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Those in need of special attention live here: the white-billed loon, the red-breasted goose, the little swan, the steppe harrier, the white-tailed eagle, the peregrine falcon, the black-throated loon, the western tundra bean goose, the necktie, the snowy owl, the buzzard, the eastern cough.
Among the plants, the following are subject to protection: the forget-me-not, Arctosibirsk sedge, low-fruited wheatgrass, high arctic wheatgrass, golden sorrel, Charles scepter, northern primrose, Asian monolepis, Koryak dandelion and other species.
Representatives of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North are allowed economic activity within the boundaries of the designated areas, as well as traditional fishing, with the exception of hunting for species of animals and birds listed in the Red Book.
The employees of the reserve take care of the preservation of the natural complexes of the Agapa River valley, in particular, the yars, potentially suitable for nesting of peregrine falcon and red-breasted goose, maintain optimal conditions for the preservation, restoration and reproduction of wildlife.
Reserve "Krasnoyarsk"
SPNA was formed on the territory within a radius of 50 km around the regional capital. The Krasnoyarsk reserve is located on the lands of Berezovsky, Balakhtinsky, Emelyanovsky, Mansky districts, the city of Divnogorsk and a suburb of Krasnoyarsk. The total area is 348.314 thousand hectares
Krasnoyarsk was founded on April 20, 2010 with the aim of preserving the biological and landscape diversity of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as the forests around the city.
The species of birds and animals listed in the Red Book of Russia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory are under protection. These include: musk deer, Siberian roe deer, red deer, lynx, river otter, black stork, whooper swan, golden eagle, motley thrush, gray duck and about 40 other bird species. In addition, fish are protected: roll, river whitefish, taimen, about ten species of insects and 20 plants.
In the reserve, it is forbidden to litter land with waste, burn grass, hunt, wash vehicles within the coastal strip of rivers, streams and lakes, and cut down forests on an industrial scale. At the same time, it is allowed to rest here, put up tents, pick berries and mushrooms for their own needs.
Reserve "Turukhansky"
Whooper swan and white-tailed eagle are under special protection. "Turukhansk" is located on the territory of the Turukhansk region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Its southern, southeastern and southwestern borders run along the borders of the Central Siberian State Reserve. On the other sides, the reserve is limited by the banks of the Severnaya River, and includes the basins of the Varlamovka, Razvilka and Berezovoy stream. The total area of the reserve is 126.9 thousand hectares.
The "Turukhansky" reserve was organized in 1981 for the protection and reproduction of hunting and commercial species of animals, the preservation and restoration of the number of rare and endangered species of animals and birds, as well as for the protection of their habitats.
The territory is inhabited by: osprey, white-tailed eagle, eagle owl, whooper swan, northern forest deer. Hunting and game species of animals are also found in the reserve, which are also protected: elk, sable, capercaillie, hazel grouse. The reserve is dominated by spruce and cedar forests, birch and larch are found.
It is forbidden to hunt here, and you can only fish in a specially designated area under the supervision of the gamekeepers. Tourism and other forms of organized recreation on the territory are prohibited.
Reserves are special areas created to restore endangered species. They preserve species and their natural habitat: relief, soils, reservoirs. It follows from this that hunting is prohibited on the territory of the reserves. Also, felling, planting of cultivated plants and other economic activities are prohibited there. Usually, one cannot walk on the territory of reserves just like that, but there are exceptions. To do this, you need to obtain a special permit from the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation or the management of the reserve. Of course, such a beautiful place as the Krasnoyarsk Territory has its own reserves.
Great Arctic Reserve of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
It is interesting that this reserve, founded in 1993, is the largest in Eurasia. Its area is 2,007,069 hectares. The reserve includes a part of the Taimyr Peninsula, some nearby islands and archipelagos, as well as the sea area, bays and bays in this zone. All this huge space is divided into 35 "contours".
There are two natural zones in the reserve: arctic tundra and arctic deserts. Permafrost is widespread in it with a depth of 200 to 900 meters, depending on the terrain. Snow in the "Big Arctic" falls in early autumn, and by the end of the first month a stable snow cover is formed, and it melts only at the beginning of summer.
The flora of the reserve is richer than the fauna: 162 species of higher plants, 89 species of mosses (which indicates an exceptionally clean air), 15 species of mushrooms (including a rare white-skinned fiber), 70 species of lichens.
Putoransky Nature Reserve, Krasnoyarsk Territory
The reserve is named after the Putarano plateau, located in the northwest of Siberia, on which it is located. It was created to protect the natural landscapes of these beautiful places, as well as the plants and animals that live there, in particular the bighorn sheep listed in the Red Book of Russia and the largest population of wild reindeer.
Thanks to the combination of taiga, forest-tundra and arctic desert on a mountain range located in the reserve, as well as virgin lakes and rivers, it is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Stolby Reserve of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
The reserve is relatively small (area - 47.2 thousand hectares), was founded on the initiative of the residents of Krasnoyarsk in order to preserve the "pillars" - rocks of a special shape.
"Pillars" are allowed for tourists. There you can spend time surrounded by the indescribable beauty of the nature reserve, go in for sports, in particular rock climbing. The relaxed atmosphere and nature are conducive to communication, interesting acquaintances and new friends. This type of tourism has its own name - stolism. There is also "Wild Pillars" located in the depths of the reserve. No access to them.
The flora and fauna of the reserve are rich in species listed in the Red Data Book. If you are lucky, you will see rare birds and animals in their natural habitat.
Krasnoyarsk Territory is a wonderful place. And best of all, the virgin beauty of its nature has been preserved in the reserves. If you have a chance to get into one of them, use it and get a lot of positive emotions.
Below is a list of reserves in Russia, with a brief description of them.
Altai nature reserve
Founded in 1932 (within the current borders since 1967). Area - 863.9 thousand hectares (forested - 248.2 thousand hectares) Altai Territory. Mountain-taiga larch, cedar-larch, fir-cedar, alpine forests. The flora contains 1500 species, many valuable plants: golden root, orchids, maral root. Fauna: elk, red deer, Altai mountain sheep, sable, snow leopard, Altai snowcock, black stork, ptarmigan, etc.
Baikal reserve
Founded in 1969. Area - 165.7 thousand hectares (forested - 117.2 thousand hectares). Buryatia. The southern coast of Lake Baikal and the Khamar-Daban ridge. Dark coniferous taiga complex - spruce-cedar, fir-spruce taiga. There are 777 species in the flora. Fauna: red deer, musk deer, wild boar, roe deer, lynx, elk, sable, brown bear, wolverine, alpine vole, white hare, pika, squirrel, etc.
Barguzinsky reserve
Founded in 1916. Area - 263.2 thousand hectares (forested - 162.9 thousand hectares). Buryatia. The coast of Lake Baikal. Larch forests, dark coniferous taiga (spruce, fir, Siberian cedar), thickets of dwarf cedar. The flora contains 600 species. Fauna: red deer, musk deer, Barguzin sable, brown bear, black-capped marmot, Baikal seal (endemic to Baikal).
Bashkir reserve
Founded in 1930. Area - 72.1 thousand hectares (forested - 63.9 thousand hectares). Bashkia. Western slopes of the South Urals. Pine-broad-leaved, pine-birch (with Siberian larch) forests. The flora contains 703 species, including 50 rare ones. Fauna: elk, red deer, roe deer, brown bear, pine marten, etc. Among the birds there are rare species: burial eagle and eagle owl.
Bolshekhekhtsirsky reserve
Founded in 1964. Area - 45 thousand hectares (forested - 41.6 thousand hectares). Khabarovsk region. Vegetation from the East Siberian, Okhotsk-Manchurian and South Ussuri taiga; coniferous-deciduous forests. The flora contains 742 species (150 species of trees, shrubs, lianas): ayan spruce, white fir, Korean cedar, Amur velvet, Manchurian walnut, lemongrass, aralia, eleutherococcus, actinidia, Amur grapes, Amur mountain ash, etc. , roe deer, wild boar, black Himalayan bear, lynx, sable, Schrenk snake, etc.
Visimsky reserve
Founded in 1971. Area - 13.3 thousand hectares (forested - 12.7 thousand hectares). Sverdlovsk region. The slopes of the Middle Urals with southern taiga forests of Siberian spruce, Siberian fir and cedar, Scots pine. There are 404 species in the flora. Fauna: lynx, bear, pine marten, Siberian weasel, mink, otter, ermine, ferret, chipmunk, goshawk, etc.
Volzhsko-Kamsky reserve
Founded in 1960. Area - 8 thousand hectares (forested - 7.1 thousand hectares). Republic of Tatarstan. Consists of two sections: Raifsky and Saralovsky - on the border of taiga and coniferous-deciduous forests. There are 844 species in the flora. In Raif there is a valuable arboretum of 400 species of trees and shrubs from the North. America, Asia, Europe. Mixed forests with pedunculate oak, heart-leaved linden, Scots pine, spruce, Siberian fir, etc. The fauna includes forest and steppe species: brown bear, lynx, polecat, ermine, weasel, pine marten, reddish gopher, muskrat, capercaillie, rolling roller, deaf cuckoo, etc.
Darwin reserve
Founded in 1945. Area - 112.6 thousand hectares (wooded - 47.4 thousand hectares). Vologda and Yaroslavl regions Southern taiga pine forests, birch-pine forests. The flora contains 547 species. Fauna: elk, roe deer, brown bear, badger, lynx, squirrel; 230 species of birds, including black grouse, wood grouse (there is a wood grouse farm); during the passage there are especially many waterfowl.
Zhigulevsky reserve
Founded in 1927 (within current borders since 1966). Area - 19.1 thousand hectares (forested - 17.7 thousand hectares). Kuibyshev region Coniferous-deciduous forests with relics of the Tertiary period and endemics of the Zhiguli. The flora contains 520 species (there are rare ones). Fauna: elk, roe deer, badger, more than 140 nesting bird species.
Zavidovsky Scientific Experimental Reserve
Founded in 1929. Area - 125 thousand hectares (forested - 79 thousand hectares). Kalinin region Mixed forests of spruce, pine, birch, aspen. Fauna: elk, red deer, roe deer, wild boar, hares (hare and hare). Breeding of valuable animals (deer, beaver, wild boar).
Zeysky reserve
Founded in 1963. Area - 82.6 thousand hectares (forested - 75.1 thousand hectares). Amur region East Siberian mountain pine-larch (from Daurian larch) forests with elements of Manchurian flora. Fauna: red deer, elk, roe deer, musk deer, sable, brown bear, Siberian weasel, three-toed woodpecker, wood grouse. Prediction of changes in the natural environment under the influence of the Zeyskaya HPP is underway.
Ilmensky reserve
Founded in 1920. Area - 30.4 thousand hectares (forested - 25.9 thousand hectares). Chelyabinsk region Mineralogical Museum in Nature (150 minerals). Larch-pine, pine-birch and birch forests. The flora contains 815 species, many relics.
Kandalaksha reserve
Founded in 1932. Area - 61.0 thousand hectares (forested area is not accounted for). Murmansk region Areas of tundra, forest-tundra and forests of the northern taiga subzone: spruce and pine forests. There are 554 species in the flora. The complex of the northern island fauna (seal, guillemot, eider, etc.); the famous "bird markets" on the islands.
Reserve "Kedrovaya Pad"
Founded in 1916. Area - 17.9 thousand hectares (forested - 13.1 thousand hectares). Primorsky Krai. Southern, coniferous-deciduous, broad-leaved (oak and linden) forests. The forests have a combination of northern and southern flora. Of the 834 species, 118 are tree species: Mongolian oak, Korean cedar, white and black fir, Schmidt birch, Manchurian walnut, pointed yew, dimorphan, white elm, Amur velvet, Chinese magnolia vine, actinidia, zamanikha, Amurokt grape, eleuthenic ginseng. Fauna: Ussuri pipe-nosed shrew, giant shrew, leopard, Amur cat, sika deer, Himalayan bear, harza, otter, raccoon dog, etc.
Reserve "Kivach"
Founded in 1931. Area - 10.5 thousand hectares (forested - 8.7 thousand hectares). Karelia. Waterfall "Kivach", pine and spruce forests of the middle taiga subzone (western sector). The flora contains 559 species. The fauna includes representatives of the middle taiga (forest lemming, squirrel, elk, three-toed woodpecker), southern forest and forest-steppe species (baby mouse, quail, corncrake, oriole, gray partridge, etc.).
Komsomolsky reserve
Founded in 1963. Area - 32.2 thousand hectares (forested - 19.6 thousand hectares). Khabarovsk region. Spruce-fir taiga with areas of cedar-deciduous and light-coniferous forests. There are relict species of plants and animals; spawning grounds for chum salmon and pink salmon.
Kronotsky reserve
Founded in 1967. Area - 964 thousand hectares (forested - 606.7 thousand hectares). Kamchatka region , geysers. The flora contains about 800 species, including graceful relict fir. Forests of stone birch, thickets of cedar and alder dwarf trees. Fauna: Kamchatka sable, bighorn sheep, reindeer, etc. In the coastal waters sea lion rookery, ringed seal, seal.
Lazovsky reserve
Founded in 1957. Area - 116.5 thousand hectares (forested - 111.5 thousand hectares). Primorsky Krai. The southern part of the ridge. Sikhote-Alin with the islands of Petrov and Beltsov. Cedar-deciduous forests with typical representatives of the Manchurian flora (1271 species, including 57 endemics and 20 rare); among the trees are Manchurian and Amur lindens, Amur velvet, aralia; lianas - grapes, actinidia, lemongrass, as well as ginseng and eleutherococcus. The fauna includes the Amur goral, sika deer, red deer, Himalayan bear, pheasant, Amur tiger, Manchurian hare, mole-moguera.
Lapland nature reserve
Founded in 1930. Area - 161.3 thousand hectares (forested - 84.1 thousand hectares). Murmansk region Lake basin Imandra. Northern taiga sparse spruce and pine forests. The flora contains 608 species. The fauna includes wild reindeer, elk, marten, ermine, wolverine, Norwegian lemming, otter, etc. The beaver has been reaclimatized.
Reserve "Malaya Sosva"
Founded in 1976. Area - 92.9 thousand hectares (forested - 80.2 thousand hectares). Tyumen region., Khanty-Mansiysk nat. district. Pine forests of the middle taiga subzone. There are 353 species in the flora. The fauna includes the local population of the river beaver and valuable species of game animals.
Mordovia reserve
Founded in 1935. Area - 32.1 thousand hectares (forested - 32.0 thousand hectares). Mordovia. On the border of the zones of deciduous forests and forest-steppe. Pine forests of various types (from lichen to sphagnum), floodplain oak forests, as well as linden, aspen and birch forests prevail. There are 1010 species in the flora. The fauna includes desman, elk, hares (white hare and hare), lynx, wood grouse, hazel grouse, black grouse, black stork, eagle owl, etc. Roe deer and beaver have been re-acclimatized; deer, sika deer, raccoon dog, muskrat have been acclimatized.
Oksky reserve
Founded in 1935. Area - 22.9 thousand hectares (forested - 19.4 thousand hectares). Ryazan region Pine and deciduous forests. The flora contains 800 species, including 69 rare and 5 endangered ones. The fauna contains a number of rare species: desman, otter, black stork, white-tailed eagle, etc. The beaver has been re-acclimatized.
Pechora-Ilychsky nature reserve
Founded in 1930. Area - 721.3 thousand hectares (forested - 612.2 thousand hectares). Komi Republic. Coniferous forests of the middle taiga subzone and mountain tundra of the Northern Urals. The flora contains 700 species, including 6 endemics, 7 rare and 11 endangered ones. The fauna includes elk, forest reindeer, wolf, wolverine, otter, mink, sable, kidus, etc. The beaver has been re-acclimatized.
Pinezhsky reserve
Founded in 1975. Area - 41.2 thousand hectares (forested - 37.9 thousand hectares). Arkhangelsk region Northern taiga forests of European character with Siberian representatives (Siberian spruce, etc.) and fauna characteristic of the northern taiga.
Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve
Founded in 1948. Area - 4.9 thousand hectares (forested - 4.7 thousand hectares). Moscow region Pine and deciduous forests in the south of the coniferous-deciduous zone. Areas of relict steppe vegetation. The flora contains about 900 species. The fauna includes elk, wild boar, roe deer, deer; re-acclimatized beaver. In the reserve there is a central bison nursery, a herd book of bison is kept.
Sayano-Shushensky nature reserve
Founded in 1976. Area - 389.6 thousand hectares (forested - 245.6 thousand hectares). Krasnoyarsk region. Mountain forest formations of cedar, fir, spruce forests. The fauna includes Siberian ibex, mountain-taiga reindeer, red deer; rare - red wolf and Altai snowcock, listed in the Red Book.
Sikhote-Alin nature reserve
Founded in 1935. Area - 340.2 thousand hectares (forested - 339.7 thousand hectares). Primorsky Krai. Cedar-deciduous forests (Korean cedar, lemongrass, eleutherococcus), spruce-fir taiga, stone birch forests, thickets of dwarf cedar. The flora contains 797 species, including 100 endemics. Fauna: wild boar, red deer, roe deer, tiger, Himalayan and brown bears, goral, musk deer, sika deer, sable, harza, fish owl, mandarin duck, etc.
Sokhondinsky reserve
Founded in 1974. Area - 210 thousand hectares (forested - 147.0 thousand hectares). Chita region Typical Siberian taiga - light coniferous and dark coniferous (cedar) forest formations with steppe islands. The flora contains 280 species, including 42 rare species. Fauna: elk, red deer, roe deer, musk deer, lynx, sable, wood grouse, bearded partridge, etc.
Reserve "Stolby"
Founded in 1925. Area - 47.2 thousand hectares (forested - 46.3 thousand hectares). Krasnoyarsk region. Eastern Sayan Mountains. Dark coniferous (cedar-fir) taiga, larch-pine forests. Granite-syenite rocks ("pillars") up to 100 m in height. The flora contains 551 species, 46 rare species. From fauna - maral, musk deer, wolverine, sable, lynx. In the rivers taimen, lenok, whitefish, chebak, grayling, etc.
Ussuriysky reserve
Founded in 1932. Area - 40.4 thousand hectares (forested - 40.3 thousand hectares). Primorsky Krai. Cedar-broadleaved, black fir, elm, liana forests with hornbeam, ash forests of the South Russian taiga. There are 820 species in the flora, 18 rare (ginseng, actinidia, lemongrass, etc.). Valuable fauna: tiger, leopard, red deer, roe deer, musk deer, wild boar, sika deer, giant shrew, pheasant, eastern and Pallas snake snakes, Amur and patterned snakes, etc.
Khingansky reserve
Founded in 1963. Area - 59.0 thousand hectares (forested - 34.8 thousand hectares). Amur region Mountain cedar-deciduous forests - Mongolian oak, flat-leaved and Daurian birch, white fir, Ayan spruce, Daurian larch. The flora contains 500 species, rare - 21. Valuable fauna: red deer, black and brown bears, sable, harza, Siberian weasel, Manchurian hare, chipmunk, lynx, etc.
Central forest reserve
Founded in 1931. Area - 21.3 thousand hectares (forested - 19.9 thousand hectares). Kalinin region Spruce and mixed spruce-deciduous forests. The flora contains 546 species, 10 rare. The complex of southern taiga forest animals - elk, wild boar, brown bear, lynx, wolf, marten, flying squirrel, beaver, wood grouse, black grouse, hazel grouse, etc.
Voronezh reserve
Founded in 1927. Area - 31.1 thousand hectares (forested - 28.5 thousand hectares). Voronezh region Steppe and complex pine forests (Usmansky Bor) and oak forests. The flora contains 973 species. Typical forest-steppe faunistic complex (including aboriginal settlements of beavers and desman) - elk, European deer, wild boar, roe deer. Center for Beaver Research and Experimental Cellular Beavering.
Khopersky reserve
Founded in 1935. Area - 16.2 thousand hectares (forested - 12.8 thousand hectares). Voronezh region Floodplain r. Khopra with oak forests, black alder and white-field forests. Upland and floodplain oak forests with ash. The flora contains 33 rare species. There are desman, beaver, roe deer, wild boar, sika deer and bison are acclimatized.
Kabardino-Balkar nature reserve
Founded in 1976. Area - 53.3 thousand hectares (forested - 2.5 thousand hectares). Kabardino-Balkaria. Northern slopes of the Main Caucasian ridge. Pine and oak forests and highlands with rare and valuable plants. Fauna: tour, chamois, ulars, etc.
Caucasian reserve
Founded in 1924. Area - 263.5 thousand hectares (forested - 164.1 thousand hectares). Krasnodar region. The western part of the Main Caucasian ridge. Mountain oak (rock, Georgian and English oak), beech and dark coniferous forests (Caucasian fir, or Nordmann, eastern spruce). The flora contains over 1500 species, including 327 endemics and 21 rare ones. There are 59 species in the fauna: Caucasian deer, chamois, Kuban tur, lynx, pine and stone marten, etc. The bison has been re-acclimatized. Under the jurisdiction of the reserve on the southeastern slope of Mount B. Akhun - Khostinskaya yew-boxwood grove (area - 300 hectares).
North Ossetian reserve
Founded in 1967. Area - 25.9 thousand hectares (forested - 3.6 thousand hectares). North Ossetia. Northern slopes of the Main Caucasian ridge. Mixed broad-leaved (pedunculate and rock oaks, oriental beech, common ash, Norway maple, hornbeam), pine, birch forests. The flora includes 1500 species, including 80 species of trees and shrubs, 5 rare ones. The fauna of the East Caucasian tur, chamois, brown bear, stone and forest martens, badger, forest cat, lynx, etc.
Teberda reserve
Founded in 1936. Area - 83.1 thousand hectares (forested - 27.4 thousand hectares). Stavropol region. Northern slopes of the Western Caucasus. Two sites: the main one - in the upper river basin. Teberda and Arkhyzsky - in the valley of the river. Kizgich. Mixed deciduous, pine and dark coniferous forests. There are 1180 species in the flora, incl. 186 endemics, 4 rare. Rare species of fauna: Kuban tur, chamois, Caucasian snowcock, Caucasian black grouse, Caucasian mouse. There are brown bear, red deer, wild boar, forest cat, ermine, fox, etc.
Material about some reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
Antonova Maria Vasilievna, educator, MKDOU "Kedrovy kindergarten"Description: I propose material about some reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The material will be of interest to a wide range of readers: teachers, parents, children.
Target: acquaintance with some reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory.
Do you know that…
In the Middle Ages, there were 3 forms of protected areas.
1 form.
Organization of closed feudal landlord hunting grounds.
The chronicles of the times of Princess Olga mention the presence of such territories in the Kiev principality.
2 form.
Land holdings of monasteries.
In many of them collecting plants and hunting animals were prohibited.
3 form.
Border forests.
What is a nature reserve?
These are untouched by man, virgin corners of nature, where plants and rare, small animals, listed in the Red Book, grow.
What is a nature reserve for?
Reserves by themselves, of course, will not be able to protect nature from the negative impact of humans. Their role is different.
They are the standard of the untouched world that exists outside of human influence.
Reserves are specially protected natural areas designed to preserve typical and unique natural landscapes, a variety of flora and fauna, natural and cultural heritage sites.
Importance classification:
1.state nature reserves
2.national parks
3.natural parks
4.state nature reserves
5. natural monuments
6.dendrological parks and botanical gardens
7. medical and recreational areas and resorts.
Central Siberian State Natural Biosphere Reserve
Created in 1985 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, located on the border of the West Siberian Lowland and the Central Siberian Plateau.
The total area is 972 thousand hectares.
The main river is the Yenisei.
The relief type is a gentle undulating plain.
The reserve is characterized by medium-taiga vegetation. From the plants listed in the Red Book grow: a large-flowered slipper, a bulbous calypso.
Among the representatives of the animal world, the following are listed in the Red Book: black stork, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, white-tailed eagle, gyrfalcon.
The Yenisei site within the reserve is of great value as a spawning area for many valuable commercial fish species, as well as a wintering area for sturgeon and sterlet.
State natural reserve "Stolby"
Created in 1925
The total area is 47 thousand hectares. Located on the right bank of the Yenisei.
On the northern outskirts of the reserve, steppe vegetation is replaced by forest. Several specimens of Siberian linden, the pride of Stolbov, have survived on a very small area near the northern borders.
Fir and cedar also grow in the reserve. The cedar is a precious tree of the Siberian taiga, but, unfortunately, it is poorly renewed. Heavy pine nuts are not carried by the wind, but fall from ripe cones right there, under the tree. But getting on a thick moss cover, they, as a rule, cannot germinate without help. Such an assistant of the cedar turns out to be a bird - the Siberian nutcracker. During the ripening period of nuts, she, knocking down a cone, flies with it on a block or stump, hulls the seeds and, with a goiter filled with nuts, flies to hide them. Nutcracker prefers to hide its reserves in places with shallow snow cover, which is quickly freed from it in spring. Thus, the nutcracker helps the settlement of the cedar in the territory of the reserve.
On the territory of the reserve, 22 species of fish, 130 species of birds, 45 species of mammals are noted.
The precious predator of the taiga is the sable. By the time the reserve was organized, it was completely destroyed in these places, but in 1951-1956. - reclimatized and after 10 years again became an ordinary inhabitant of the reserved taiga.
The reserve is very rich in wild ungulates. Maral and musk deer find exceptionally favorable conditions here.
Marals in the reserve 200-250 heads. They keep mainly in herbaceous forests on gentle slopes and saddles of ridges, leaving only for the winter in the dark coniferous taiga. Roe deer live in the submontane part. Elk live in the most flat areas of the reserve. Musk deer is a very small deer-like animal. Her body length rarely exceeds 90 cm, and her weight is 15 - 17 kg. The dark brown color is in perfect harmony with the general tone of the taiga.
The bird kingdom in the reserve is represented by such birds as hazel grouse, wood grouse, three-toed woodpecker, cuckoo, warbler, thrush, bluetail, Far Eastern and blue nightingale, small starling, white-backed woodpecker, white-capped bunting, lentils, finch.
Of the fish live: whitefish, tugun, grayling, chebak, dace, shipovka, ide, perch, pike, burbot, crucian carp and others.
Introduction
2.2 Sayano-Shushensky State Natural Biosphere Reserve
2.3 Taimyr State Natural Biosphere Reserve
2.4 Central Siberian State Natural Biosphere Reserve
2.5 Putoransky reserve
2.6 Great Arctic State Nature Reserve
2.7 Tunguska reserve
2.8 National Park "Shushensky Bor"
2.9 Natural Park "Ergaki"
Bibliography
Introduction
Since 1600, about 150 animal species have become extinct on our planet, more than half over the past 50 years. In the XX century, it became obvious that it was necessary to take special measures to save the flora and fauna. It is no longer necessary to prove to anyone how destructively modern man is capable of influencing living nature. There are fewer and fewer untouched corners of nature. Every year, the Red Book is updated with endangered species of flora and fauna.
The reserve is a form of PAs specific to the USSR / Russia, practically unparalleled in the world, only in Russia the reserve is not only a protected area, but also a scientific institution. The formation and activities of state natural reserves are regulated by Section 2 of the Federal Law on Protected Areas, according to which (Article 1.2) "specially protected natural complexes and objects (land, water, mineral resources, plant and animal world), which have environmental, scientific, ecological and educational significance as samples of the natural environment, typical or rare landscapes, places of conservation of the genetic fund of flora and fauna.
State nature reserves are nature conservation, research and environmental education institutions aimed at preserving and studying the natural course of natural processes and phenomena, the genetic fund of flora and fauna, individual species and communities of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems. Land, waters, mineral resources, flora and fauna located on the territories of state natural reserves are provided for use (possession) of state natural reserves on the basis of rights stipulated by federal laws. "
In this paper, we will consider the main protected areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the features of their position.
1. Specially protected natural areas of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
For the protection of wild animals, protected areas are created - reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks. Here animals are protected by the law.
Reserves (reserves) are one of the most effective forms of maintaining landscapes intact - these are areas of land or water areas where all human activities are prohibited. All natural objects are subject to protection in the reserve, from rocks, reservoirs, soil and ending with representatives of the animal and plant world.
Reserves serve as a kind of standards of wildlife, and also allow you to present in its original form its unique phenomena or rare species of animals and plants.
Reserves play a huge role in saving nature, including rare animals. They also act as scientific centers for the study of nature. They develop methods for the preservation, restoration and rational use of valuable game animals (sable, beaver, deer, elk).
State nature reserves are territories of particular importance for the preservation or restoration of natural complexes or their components and maintenance of the ecological balance. According to their status, they are divided into reserves of federal and regional significance, according to their profile;
complex (landscape), intended for the preservation and restoration of natural complexes (natural landscapes);
biological (zoological, botanical), intended for the preservation and restoration of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, as well as valuable species in economic, scientific and cultural relations;
paleontological, intended for the preservation of fossil objects;
hydrological (swamp, lake, river, sea), intended for the preservation and restoration of valuable water bodies and ecological systems, and geological.
To save the fauna, in addition to reserves and reserves, a national (or natural) park is being created, which, unlike a reserve, opens up a part of its territory for visiting tourists and vacationers, but the park has completely protected areas.
Krasnoyarsk Territory is a huge territory located in the East Siberian region of Russia. The geographical position of our region can be called unique in many ways. On its territory is the geographical center of Russia - Lake Vivi, located in Evenkia. The location of the center of Russia is approved by the Federal Service for Geodesy and Cartography of Russia. The northernmost point of the Krasnoyarsk Territory - Cape Chelyuskin - is the extreme polar tip of Eurasia and the northernmost point of Russia and the continental parts of the planet.
Six reserves have been organized on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, three of them are biosphere reserves, i.e. work under a special United Nations program; these are the Sayano-Shushensky and Central Siberian and Taimyr reserves; state reserves are also: Stolby and Putoransky. The most modern reserve is the Big Arctic.
In total, seven reserves have been created in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (Table 1), as well as the Shushensky Bor national park and the Ergaki natural park.
In total, three state nature reserves of federal significance and 27 state nature reserves of regional significance have been created in the region. It is planned to create 39 more state nature reserves.
On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 51 objects have the status of a natural monument of regional significance.
Table 1 - State natural reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
2. Reserves of the Krasnoyarsk Territory
2.1 State natural reserve "Stolby"
Target. Preservation of unique geological formations and natural complexes around them. The most valuable and famous natural complexes around picturesque rock formations - syenite outliers - "pillars" that gave the name to the reserve, as well as karsts and caves.
At present, its area is 47,154 hectares.
The reserve is located on the right bank of the Yenisei, on the northwestern spurs of the Eastern Sayan, bordering the Central Siberian plateau. The natural boundaries of the protected area are the right tributaries of the Yenisei River: in the north-east - the Bazaikha River, in the south and south-west - the Mana and Bolshaya Slizneva rivers. From the north-east the territory borders on the suburb of Krasnoyarsk
A tourist and excursion area has been allocated on the territory of the reserve to meet the recreational needs of Krasnoyarsk residents and guests of the city, for which a special regime has been established by the regulation on the reserve.
The vegetation of the reserve is diverse. On the northern outskirts of the reserve, steppe vegetation is replaced by forest. At the northern borders of the reserve, on a very small area, several specimens of Siberian linden have been preserved - the pride of "Stolbov". Fir and cedar also grow in the reserve. The cedar is a precious tree of the Siberian taiga, but, unfortunately, it is poorly renewed. Heavy pine nuts are not carried by the wind, but fall from ripe cones right there, under the tree, but, falling on a thick moss cover, they, as a rule, cannot germinate without help. Such an assistant of the cedar turns out to be a bird - the Siberian nutcracker. During the ripening period of nuts, she, knocking down a cone, flies with it on a block or stump, hulls the seeds and, with a goiter filled with nuts, flies to hide them. Nutcracker prefers to hide its reserves in places with shallow snow cover, which is quickly freed from it in spring. Thus, the nutcracker helps the settlement of the cedar in the territory of the reserve.
The Stolby reserve is located at the junction of three botanical and geographical regions: the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe, the mountain taiga of the Eastern Sayan Mountains and the subtaiga of the Central Siberian Plateau. The flora of the reserve numbers 1037 species of higher vascular plants, of which 260 are bryophytes, more than 150 species are classified as specially protected.
On the territory of the reserve, 22 species of fish, 130 species of birds and 45 species of mammals are noted. The precious predator of the taiga is the sable. By the time the reserve was organized, it was completely exterminated in these places, but in the 60s it again became an ordinary inhabitant of the reserved taiga. The reserve is very rich in wild ungulates. Maral and musk deer find exceptionally favorable conditions here. The bird kingdom in the reserve is represented by such birds as hazel grouse, wood grouse, three-toed woodpecker, nutcracker, deaf cuckoo, warbler-warbler, blackbirds, bluetail, Far Eastern and blue nightingales, starling, small and white-backed woodpecker, white-capped bunting, lentil, finch. Among the fish in the reserve are whitefish, grayling, chebak, dace, spike, perch, pike, burbot, crucian carp and others.
In addition to flora and fauna, the reserve is famous for its rocks. Pillars are the pride of Krasnoyarsk. Almost all the rocks of the reserve have names - outlines reminiscent of birds, animals and people, which is reflected in the names: Sparrows, Berkut, Musk deer, Ded, Monk. The height of the rocks, forming 80 groups, reaches 104 m in places. Some individual stones and fragments (parts) of rocks are also named. Rocks can be singles or form groups. A rock massif always has several named individual vertices.
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