What types of winds are there? Famous winds with fancy names

Breeze (French brise) the wind that blows on the coast of the seas and large lakes. The direction of the breeze changes twice a day: the daytime (or sea) breeze blows from the sea to the coast, warmed by the daytime rays of the Sun. The night (or shore) breeze has the opposite direction. The breeze speed is small and amounts to 15 m/s

Bura (storm) is a very strong wind, as well as very rough seas. Also, during numerous observations by American scientists, it was found that for areas located in northern latitudes, a snowstorm can be considered a winter hurricane, during which the wind speed reaches 56 kilometers per hour.

Tropical cyclone a cyclone formed in tropical latitudes atmospheric vortex with low atmospheric pressure in the center. Unlike outside tropical cyclones, often coupled with storm wind speeds. About 80 tropical cyclones are observed annually in the world. To form a tropical cyclone, high water temperatures are required; the strength of tropical cyclones is much greater than that of extratropical ones.

Calm (from German Stille silence) calm, windless or quiet weather with a weak wind, the speed of which on the Beaufort scale is no more than 0.5 m/s. Calms are usually observed in equatorial zone calm, in the region of the Asian anticyclone in winter, more often in hollows than in open areas.

Task Determine the name of the wind using the Beaufort scale. The wind raged in the sea, turning the waves into a shaft. What kind of weak breeze couldn’t inflate the sails? The wind is blowing across the sea And the boat is urging on, It runs in the waves On swollen sails... It grabbed dust from the road, And then, having gained strength, It spun, spun, And soared like a pillar to the sky. Storm Calm Fresh wind Tornado

Russia is a big country, and there is plenty of room for the winds to run wild. There are local winds in every region of our country. We remembered the main ones.

Barguzin

The mighty eastern Baikal wind, with a speed of 20 m/s and a duration of only a few hours. It reaches its special power in the fall. It blows mainly in the central part of the lake from the Barguzin Valley across and along Lake Baikal. It occurs due to the flow of cold air from the Daurian steppes. It blows evenly, with gradually increasing power, and usually precedes stable sunny weather.

The glorious sea is sacred Baikal,
A glorious ship is an omul barrel.
Hey, Barguzin, move the shaft,
Well done, it's not far to swim.

Bora

Bora (Italian bora from Greek boreas - north wind) lasts from several days to a week. This is the wind of the Novorossiysk and Gelendzhik bays (blows more than 40 days a year), Novaya Zemlya, the shores of Lake Baikal, the Chukotka city of Pevek ("yuzhak"), the wind of the western slope of the Urals. This is a strong gusty cold wind blowing on the coast of seas or large lakes from mountain ranges that separate the very cool and warmer coastal surface at their feet. It forms when low mountain ranges separate cold air over land from warm air above the water. The warmer the water and the greater the temperature contrast, the more powerful the boron. A squally wind brings severe cold, raises high waves, and splashes of water freeze on the hulls of ships. Sometimes a layer of ice up to 4 meters thick grows on the windward side of the ship, under the weight of which the ship can capsize and sink. Before the appearance of the bora, thick clouds can be observed at the tops of the mountains, which the residents of Novorossiysk call “beard”.

Yuzhak

The origin of the name "Yuzhak" is beyond doubt: yuzhak is the general name for the southern winds in Russia. However, the Yuzhak is widespread not only in the southern regions of the country, but also in the northern ones. Thus, the Yuzhak is one of the most dangerous winds in Chukotka. He is dangerous with his suddenness and strength. Within an hour, the wind can blow at a speed of 40 m/s, and gusts can reach 60 - 80 m/s. Yuzhak carries away almost all the snow, exposes the banks, and destroys buildings. It is dangerous for ships anchored in the roadstead. Yuzhak is also called the southwest and west wind in Tiksi Bay. It is also strong and poses a threat to shipping.

Breeze

Breeze (French brise - light wind) - local wind low speed, changing direction twice a day. Occurs on the shores of seas, lakes, sometimes big rivers. During the day, land heats up faster than water, and a lower temperature is established above it. Atmosphere pressure. Therefore, the daytime breeze blows from the water area to the heated coast. Night - from the chilled coast to warm water. Breezes are well expressed in summer during stable anticyclonic weather, when the difference in temperature between land and water is most significant. Breezes blow within a few hundred meters on land, and within a few tens of kilometers on the seas. In the era of sailing, breezes were used to begin sailing.

Sarma

The most powerful wind of both Baikal and Russia. This squally wind is formed when cold arctic air moves over the coastal mountain ranges. It is named after the Sarma River, through the valley of which the cold wind breaks through to Baikal. It appears like this: cold arctic air from the Lena plateau, passing through the Primorsky ridge, enters the Sarma valley, which narrows towards the shore of Baikal, which is a natural wind tunnel, upon exiting which the wind turns into a hurricane. Residents of the village of Sarma have to tie the roofs of their houses to the ground. This wind is most frequent and fierce in autumn and winter: in November - 10 days, in December - 13.

Before the appearance of sarma, mushroom-shaped stratocumulus clouds appear, with sharply defined boundaries, gathering over the peaks of the Primorsky ridge near the Sarma gorge. Usually, 2-3 hours pass from the beginning of the concentration of such clouds to the first gust of sarma. The last sign is the opening of the “gate” - the appearance of a gap between the tops of the mountains and the lower edge of the clouds.

Sukhovey

Steppe wind from high temperature and low air humidity in steppes, semi-deserts and deserts. It forms along the edges of anticyclones and lasts for several days, increasing evaporation and drying out the soil and plants. Dry winds are characteristic of the steppe regions of Russia and the Caspian region. It can pass and dry out the entire crop.

Mountain-valley winds

Almost a land breeze. Changes directions 2 times in the same way. The air is heated differently over the crests of mountain ranges, slopes and valley floors. During the day, the wind blows up the valley and slopes, and at night, on the contrary, from the mountains into the valley and down towards the plain. The speed of mountain-valley winds is low - about 10 m/s.

Names of the winds.

Wind symbol	Name	Direction
		Northern. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
	Tramontana greco	North-northeast. Strong, dry and cold, blowing from the north or northeast.
		Northeastern. Strong wind, typical of the Mediterranean.
		East-northeast.
		Oriental.
	Levante scirocco	East-southeast.
		Southeastern. Warm and humid wind blowing from Mediterranean Sea.
		South-southeast.
		Southern, dry and warm wind.
		South-southwest.
		Southwestern. Cold and damp wind.
	Ponente libeccio	West-southwest.
		West.
		West-northwest.
		Northwestern.
	Tramontana maestro	North-northwest.

Information taken from the website
Unfortunately, the site no longer exists and the link therefore does not work.

“The winds are evil over Canada”, “There is a month above the window. There is a wind under the window”, “Hey, Barguzin, move the shaft!”, “Night zephyr flows through the ether”, “Blizzard, blizzard”, “Let the storm blow stronger!”, as well as “Hostile whirlwinds” and kamikazes, all not mentioned by night , the wind of change, finally (I don’t want to remember the Nord-West at all) - we know all this from songs and poems. I wonder if poetry would gain more if it used all the possible names of the winds, and there are countless of them.

Literary scholars, of course, have calculated the approximate number of statements for each classic of Russian literature that embody the image of the wind. It turns out a lot - more than fifty. And there is also European literature. What about Chinese poetry? What about Japanese? A common person makes do with a small set different definitions winds. We all know about blizzards, blizzards, blizzards. HURRICANE came from the language of the Indians (to tell the truth, there is another version about the Turkic origin of the word, but storms and storms in Central America among the Quiché tribes it was called “Huracan” - the one-legged god of thunder and thunderstorms,

any bad weather and storms, and this is convincing). Chinese word dai-fyn - big wind - became the well-known TYPHOON. Those who paid tribute to travel books in childhood cannot help but remember the MISTRAL - a strong, gusty, cold and dry wind from the northern directions, MONSONS (very strong seasonal winds) and TRADE WINDS (easterly winds towards the equator).

Oh my darling, my incomparable lady,

My icebreaker is sad, and my navigator is looking south,

And imagine that a star from the constellation Cygnus

He looks directly into my copper window.

The wind flies directly into the same window,

Called in different places either monsoon or trade wind.

He flies in and flips through the letters with an obvious grin,

Unsent because the recipient was missing. (Vizbor).

How the children's imagination was affected by the description of SAMUMA (poisonous heat) - a fiery wind, the breath of death - a hot, dry storm in the deserts or SIROCCO - a very dusty storm wind blowing from the deserts. And those who have read Paustovsky should remember SORANG - according to legend, the legendary hot night wind in Scotland, observed once every few hundred years.

Many people remember from mythology BOREAS - a cold north wind, in many areas north coast Mediterranean Sea and the deity of the north wind in Greek mythology. Or ZEPHYR - warm and humid on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea (Greece, Italy) and the deity of this wind in Greek mythology. And also AQUILON - the cold northern one in Rome and the corresponding deity. Less known is ARGEST, a dry wind in Greece and, of course, a deity. And the wind can be, for example, WHITE. This is a very good wind, probably many people love it: a dry and warm wind in good weather without precipitation. IN different countries he has different names: Tongara putih, Levant, Maren, Otan, Levkonotos. And on Lake Seliger either the SINGLE or the MARRIED wind blows. It turns out that there is a Wind of France - Biz, viz - the northern wind in the mountainous regions of France, Italy, Switzerland. It plays a significant role in shaping living conditions and is accompanied by significant cooling.

There is black biz (biz noir, biz negro), there is twilight or brown. And what beautiful names winds among the Arabs (sea and desert travelers) - ZOBAA (in desert Egypt), KASKAZI - off the southeastern coast of Arabia, IRIFI - strong dust storms in the Sahara and Morocco, sometimes bringing clouds of locusts to the Canary Islands. KALEMA - very strong winds and ocean surf off the western shores North Africa with waves reaching 6 meters in height. Kalema is also observed in other places on the ocean coasts - California and India. KHABABAI - on the shores of the Red Sea.

Even for sandstorms there is more than one name: KHABUB, JANI, HAVA JANUBI, the famous KHAMSIN. What about the Spaniards, who conquered the seas and oceans? GINGERNO, ABREGO, CRIADOR, COLLA, COLLADA, LOS BRISOTES DE LA SAITA MARIA, TEMPORALE, PAMPERO in the Andes and on Atlantic coast, PARAMITO in Colombia, ALICIO in the Canary Islands, CORDONASO and CHUBASCO in Mexico. Of course, the masters of the seas of the 18th and 19th centuries could not remain silent, and many of us know English names winds. But there are also lesser known ones. English learners come across the idiom dog days - dog days are a period of light winds and hot weather, often with thunderstorms. And in the ports of the USA and Canada, workers called the storm with sleet, slush and splashing waves - BARBER (scratched the skin like a bad hairdresser). In Australia there is a thunderstorm called DRUNK, or Squint-eyed BOB.

And they seem to be not at all poetic in sound, but it is possible that they are very nice German names: ALLERHEILIGENWIND - warm wind in the Alps, or MOATZAGOTL (goat's beard) - in the Sudetes. Surely the BERNSTEINWIND (amber wind) sounded in German poetry - the wind from the sea on the Baltic coast of the Kaliningrad region. In Japan, the wind has always been given great importance. The infamous KAMIKAZE is the divine wind in Japanese mythology. According to legend, in 1281 he sank a squadron of ships of Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan. But there are also many other winds in Japan: KOGARASHI - wind with snow, MATSUKAZE - a small breeze, autumn HIROTO, cloudy YAMASE. And a very good wind in beautiful weather - SUZUKAZE. “The wind sounds” in other languages. LU, onion, feces - hot, dry, sultry and very dusty wind from the Himalayas to Delhi. (With Lu, there have been cases of lethargic sleep leading to memory loss).

ADJINA-SHAMOL - a squally damn wind blowing in Tajikistan and uprooting trees. BATTIKALOA KACCHAN - warm wind on the island. Sri Lanka. (Received the nickname of a madman, as it has a negative effect on the condition of some patients). TAN GA MB I L I - in Equatorial Africa and in Zanzibar, which is called violent. AKMAN, tukman - strong snowstorm in Bashkiria, marking the transition to spring. Indonesian winds TENGGARA and PANAS UTARA, Mexican (Aztec word) - TEHUANTEPEQUERO, Yakut SOBURUUNGU TYAL, Afghan BAD-I-SAD-O-BISTROZ, Bengal BAISHAK, Nigerian, demolishing the roofs of houses - GADARI, Hawaiian UKIUKIU. Forty-day SHAMAL of the Persian Gulf. What about the winds in Russia? There are so many blizzards: blizzard, windstorm, winnowing snowstorm, blizzard, hen, borosho, and with it - drifting snow, drifting snow, crawling crawl, mud, diarrhea, dragging. SOLODNIK, chief - at the mouth of the Kolyma River.

INDIAN WIND - weak Kamchatka wind. MIDNIGHT - north Eastern wind in the north, blowing from high latitudes, on the Yenisei it is called rekostav, frostbite. PADARA - a storm with snow and wind. HVIUS, khius, khiz, fiyuz - a sharp north wind, accompanied by severe frost. CHISTYAK - a severe storm with a clear sky and severe frost V Western Siberia. SHELONIK - southwest wind.

There are also common names, for example, the famous LEVAN (Levant) - the east wind on the Mediterranean, Black and Seas of Azov(from Gibraltar to Kuban) or GARBY - southern sea wind in Italy, as well as in the Black and Azov Seas.In Yalta Bay he whips high wave and is capable of throwing a fishing boat ashore.

We cannot hide from the winds. Wind I is over, but you are alive.

And the wind, complaining and crying, rocks the forest and the dacha.

Not every pine separately, but all the trees

With all the boundless distance, Like the bodies of sailboats

On the surface of the ship's bay. And this is not out of daring

Or out of aimless rage, And in order to find words in anguish

A lullaby for you.

Boris Pasternak

Wind is a horizontal and uniformly moving flow of air relative to the surface of the earth. There are a huge variety of local winds, which cannot be explained by the example of ordinary observations due to their inherent specific features, characteristic of a particular region. So, we can talk about what kind of winds there are on the coast, for example, from the following observations: at noon a cool, gentle breeze blows from the sea, and at night the same wind moves from the land towards the sea. In deserts and mountainous areas, mainly mountain or valley winds “live”. However, there are types of winds that apply to the entire planet as a whole.

What kind of winds are there?

1. Monsoon is a periodic wind that carries a lot of moisture. In winter, the monsoon blows from land to ocean, and in summer period- from the ocean to land. Mostly monsoons prevail in tropical zone and are inherently seasonal winds, lasting several months each year.
2. Trade winds are winds with a constant character, moving with a fairly stable force of three to four. The trade winds move in almost the same direction, sometimes deviating slightly. Such dynamics of movement lead to mixing of the planet’s air masses, up to a global scale: for example, trade winds blowing over Atlantic Ocean, can carry dust particles from African deserts to the West Indies and several North American regions.
3. Local winds:
   • Breeze is a warm breeze blowing from the shore to the sea at night (shore breeze) and in the opposite direction during the day (sea breeze). The main constituents prevailing winds in coastal areas there are sea and continental breezes. Due to the fact that the sea (reservoir) warms up more slowly than the land due to the greater heat capacity of water, the air heated above the land rises upward, forming a zone low blood pressure. This creates a difference in atmospheric pressure between air currents and creates a cool sea breeze on the coast.

     At night, due to its lower heat capacity, the land cools faster and the sea breeze stops. At the moment when the temperature of the land is lower than the temperature on the surface of the reservoir, a reverse pressure difference is formed, creating (if there is no strong wind from the sea) a continental breeze moving from the land towards the sea.

   • Bora is a wind with a cold, sharp character, moving from the mountains to the coast or valley.
   • Foehn is a dry, strong and warm wind that moves from the mountains to the valley or coast.
   • Sirocco is the name in Italian for southwestern or strong south wind, formed in the Sahara Desert.
4. Variable and constant winds.

   The nature of the movement of air masses also helps to understand what kind of winds there are. Thus, variable winds can change their direction. These include the breezes already discussed above (translated from French “Breeze” means light wind), since they change the direction of their movement twice a day (day and night).

   Monsoons are born in the same way as breezes. They change the direction of their movement twice a year seasonally (summer and winter). The Arabic name for the wind “monsoon” means “season”. When the summer monsoon forms, thunderstorms occur due to strong saturation of the air sea ​​water, and in winter dry and cold air moves from the land.

5. Winds can also be described as gusty and light, or given a name taking into account the direction of their movement, for example: east, south-west, etc.

Wind is one of the most unique natural phenomena. We cannot see or touch it, but we are able to observe the results of its manifestation, for example, how it slowly or quickly drives clouds across the sky, bends trees to the ground with its force, or slightly ruffles leaves.

Wind concept

What is wind? The definition from a meteorological point of view is as follows: this is the horizontal movement of layers of air from an area with high atmospheric pressure to a zone of low pressure, accompanied by a certain speed. This movement occurs because during the day the sun penetrates the Earth's air layer. Some rays, reaching the surface, heat the oceans, seas, rivers, mountains, soil, rocks and stones, which release heat into the air, thereby heating it. Over the same amount of time, dark objects absorb more heat and warm up more.

But what does it matter how the heat is given off and how quickly? And how does this help us figure out what wind is? The definition is as follows: land heats up faster than water, which means that the air accumulated above it receives heat from it and rises, therefore, the atmospheric pressure over this area drops. With water, everything is exactly the opposite: above it, the air masses are colder and the pressure is higher. As a result, cold air is forced out of the area high pressure into a low area, creating wind. The greater the difference between these pressures, the stronger it is.

Types of winds

Having figured out what wind is, you need to find out how many types there are and how they differ from each other. There are three main groups of winds:

• local;
• permanent;
• regional.

Local winds live up to their name and blow only in certain areas of our planet. Their appearance is associated with the specifics of local reliefs and temperature changes in relatively short periods of time. These winds are characterized by short duration and daily periodicity.

What is wind of local origin is now clear, but it is also divided into its subspecies:

• A breeze is a light wind that changes direction twice a day. During the day it blows from sea to land, and at night it blows vice versa.
• Bora is a high-speed cold air current blowing from mountain tops to valleys or coasts. He is fickle.
• Föhn is a warm and light spring wind.
• Sukhovei is a dry wind that prevails in steppe regions during the warm period of time under anticyclone conditions. It foretells drought.
• Sirocco - rapid southern, southwestern air currents, which are formed in the Sahara.
• What is the khamsin wind? These are dusty, dry and hot air masses that predominate in northeastern Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.

TO constant winds These include those that depend on the total air circulation. They are stable, uniform, constant and strong. These include:

• trade winds - winds from the east, characterized by constancy, unchanging direction and strength of 3-4 points;
• anti-trade winds are winds from the west that carry huge air masses.

Regional wind appears as a result of pressure differences, a little similar to local wind, but more stable and powerful. A bright representative This species is considered to be the monsoon, which originates in the tropics, at the border with the ocean. It blows periodically, but in large streams, changing its direction a couple of times a year: during the summer season - from water to land, during winter - vice versa. The monsoon brings a lot of moisture in the form of rain.

Strong wind is...

What is a strong wind and how does it differ from other currents? Its most important feature is its high speed, which ranges from 14-32 m/s. It produces devastating effects or causes damage and destruction. In addition to speed, temperature, direction, location and duration also matter.

Types of strong winds

• A typhoon (hurricane) is accompanied by intense precipitation and a drop in temperature, great strength, speed (177 km/h or more), blows at a distance of 20-200 m for several days.
• What is the wind called a squall? This is a sharp, sudden flow with a speed of 72-108 km/h, formed during the hot period as a result of the powerful penetration of cold air into warm zones. It blows for a couple of seconds or tens of minutes, changing direction, and brings a decrease in temperature.
• Storm: its speed is 103-120 km/h. Characterized by long duration, by force. It is the source of strong sea vibrations and destruction on land.

• A tornado (tornado) is an air vortex, visually similar to a dark column along which a curved axis runs. At the bottom and top of the pillar there are extensions similar to a funnel. The air in the vortex spins counterclockwise at a speed of 300 km/h and draws all nearby objects and objects into its funnel. The pressure inside the tornado is reduced. The height of the pillar reaches 1500 m, and its diameter ranges from tens (above water) to hundreds of meters (above the ground). A tornado can travel from a couple of hundred meters to tens of kilometers at a speed of 60 km/h.
• Storm - air mass, the speed of which is in the range of 62-100 km/h. Storms abundantly cover areas with sand, dust, snow, and earth, causing harm to people and households.

Description of wind force

Answering the question about what wind force is, it would be appropriate to note that here the concept of force is interconnected with speed: the higher it is, the stronger the wind. This indicator is measured on the 13-point Beaufort scale. Null value characterizes calm, 3 points - light, weak wind, 7 - powerful, 9 - the appearance of a storm, over nine - merciless storms, hurricanes. Strong winds often blow over the sea, ocean, because nothing bothers them here, unlike rocky mountains, hills, forests.

Definition of solar wind

What is solar wind? This amazing phenomenon. Ionized plasma particles stream out from the solar corona (outer layer) into space with a speed range of 300-1200 km/s, which depends on the activity of the Sun.

There are slow (400 km/s), fast (700 km/s), high-speed (up to 1200 km/s) solar winds. They are around the central heavenly body form an area with space that protects solar system from interstellar gas entering it. In addition, thanks to them, phenomena such as the radiation belt and aurora occur on our planet. This is what solar wind is.