Lesson type: learning new teaching material
Equipment: educational atlases for grade 7, textbooks, contour of the mainland, handouts, educational presentation,
Homework check:
Working with Activestudio flipchats
1. Divide by natural zones:
2. Geographic Lotto Find matching pictures and riddles.
1. Striped like a zebra,
And cowardly like a hare.
I don't attack animals
I only feed on carrion.
6. I am a bird running champion.
Athlete cannot overtake me
11. Armed to the “teeth”:
There is armor and a sword.
I run, the earth trembles Like buckshot beats.
2. I - I catch poisonous snakes
And I keep track of them.
I wear a feather behind my ear
And I don't need a bill.
7. From red-haired "Europeans"
Distinctive with ears,
But I'm a wonderful predator!
I hunt delightfully!
12. . The neck is arched
Delicate coloring.
Sleeps quietly over the water
Bird or fairy tale?
All alone in the desert
I look majestic
That is why my name is divine -….
I am a living umbrella
But underneath me
You are shadows
Sometimes you will not find
thirteen. . I am an evergreen tree.
My inedible fruits
But for the entire population
I can donate shoes.
4. And I look like a mattress,
Watermelon and tiger too.
But you, on reflection, guess
How are we all so similar?
9. Keeps feet in icy water,
And the heat "falls" on the head.
The fruits serve the peoples as bread
Without it, "neither there, nor syudy."
14. I am not friends with a person,
Though I am not a predator.
I am not tamed
At least beg
I am a plant, an ancient inhabitant,
I'm a long-liver in the savannahs
I'm related to monkeys.
Look for me on the island!
I want to quench your thirst
And I will fly from diseases.
Secretary bird
Flamingo
Velvichia
Umbrella palm
Cork oak
Date palm
Work on checking the knowledge of the card Game Climbing to the top.
Children receive assignment cards with geographic nomenclature and mark objects on contour maps. Then, exchanging cards, they check with each other.
1. Motivation. Lesson goal setting (2 min) (Frontal work)Presentation Slide 1 Ayalneha Mulatu, contemporary Ethiopian poet wrote this way about Africa
The name is not so important for the country
And the outlines are not that important
How important is who lives in that land,
Why do people live and how do they live.
Learn any country's special disposition
We can only get to know her people.
"Whose Africa?" - ask me
And I will answer you: "She is mine,
Until death, until the end of time -
A mother to everyone who was born here! "
Processing of statistical material. Handout.
How is the population of Africa changing? Why?
What are the largest countries in terms of population on the mainland.
Average population density 32 people / km2
Cities are growing - administrative, capital, industrial and transport centers.
Cities - millionaires 15 The largest of them are Cairo, Lagos, 12.5 million people each.
Life expectancy -53 years Sierra Leone 38 years Uganda 41 years
3.. Many scientists consider Africa to be the ancestral home of modern man. In 1994, in Ethiopia, scientists established the age of the remains of the most ancient man - 5 million years. There is an interesting version that about 6 million years ago an event occurred in the ancestral home of mankind (in Africa) that changed the hereditary properties of monkeys. What happened?
- (Rift zone passes)
- (Uranium ore)
Rift faults, volcanism, earthquakes could have caused the appearance of an unusual human ancestor. As a result of the earthquakes, uranium ores were supposedly exposed. Monkeys walked on freshly fallen radioactive volcanic ash. Radiation is known to affect heredity. That is why only here the monkeys began to give birth to offspring that were not like themselves. The famous scientist-biologist Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov came to the conclusion that man is something like a "monkey freak", like an extraordinary child of great apes.
So, modern man appeared in Africa 11 thousand years ago. It is believed that he was short, had strong teeth, and ate plant foods. It was from that moment on that various races began to form on the mainland.
Race- a system of human populations, characterized by similarities in a complex of certain hereditary biological characteristics, which have an external phenotypic manifestation and formed in a certain geographic region. Traits that characterize different races often appear as a result of adaptation to different environmental conditions that has occurred over many generations.
The criterion for distinguishing a race from a species is the absence of significant obstacles to the creation of fertile offspring, which leads to the formation of many transitional forms in the area of mixing races.
Filling out the table "Human races and peoples of Africa" (work on the textbook p. 184)
Africa as a large continent is divided into several regions.
Fill in the table taking into account the regions.
North Africa
Central Africa
South Africa
Madagascar
Caucasoid naya
Negroid
Mongoloid naya mixed
Pygmies, chemists
Malagasy,
Acquaintance with the peoples of Africa. Student messages (ahead of the assignment) Tuaregs, Berbers, Nilots, Masai, Bushmen, Pygmies, Zulus and Ethiopians.
Resident of the peoples of Africa.
Human economic activity.(work with a complex map)
- Northern and northeastern - Semitic-Hamitic language family. Nations - Arabs
- 28 letters are inscribed from right to left, letters have from 2 to 4 styles. The words shop, zenith, algebra, tariff, halva, coffee, admiral are of Arabic origin.
- Equatorial Africa (between Sahara and Gulf of Guinea) - Bantu
- East Africa - Swahili.
- English -16 countries
- French - 17
- Arabic - 11
- Portuguese - 5
- 1/5 of the countries have their local language as their official language.
Political Map .
Map changes. National liberation movements. The struggle for independence.
Anchoring: Geographic Dictation
- The smallest people on Earth, living in the equatorial forests (pygmies)
- People inhabiting the Sahara desert, leading a nomadic lifestyle (tuaregs)
- Inhabitants of the island of Madagascar (Malagasy)
- The slender tall peoples of the savannah of the eastern part of the mainland (nilots)
- Representatives of the southern branch of the Caucasoid race inhabiting northern Africa (boers)
- Descendants of European settlers from the Netherlands, inhabiting southern Africa (Afrikaners)
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"The population of Africa presentation for the lesson of geography grade 7"
Population of Africa
Geography teacher of secondary school No. 2 of Aksai, Burlinsky district, West Kazakhstan region
Shchapova M.A.
Population of Africa
Class
Targets and goals:
Determine the peoples of which races inhabit the territory of Africa;
Establish the reasons for geographical differences in population density, distribution of races, peoples;
Consider examples of human adaptations to the natural environment;
Study the geography of the main types of human economic activity in Africa;
To work out techniques for working with various sources of knowledge: text of a textbook, atlas maps, text of an educational lecture, etc.
To form the ability to apply theoretical knowledge to acquire new information;
Form a scientific worldview, foster a sense of tolerance, camaraderie, responsibility
Population of Africa
Class
Expected results:
Expand the understanding of the peoples inhabiting the territory of Africa;
Learn to establish the reasons for geographical differences in population density, distribution of races, peoples;
They will gain skills in working with various sources of knowledge: text of a textbook, atlas maps, text of an educational lecture, etc.
Learn to apply theoretical knowledge to acquire new information;
A scientific worldview, a sense of tolerance, camaraderie, responsibility will be formed
Population African
7th grade
- Divided by natural zones
- Velvichia, fennec fox, bushman, low atmospheric pressure, leopard, Congo, Tanganyika, red ferralite, dunes, camel, pygmies, baobab, Bengal current, date palm, elephant grass, pastures, streams and lakes, showers, Namib, Zulu.
Lesson plan
- Organizing time.
- Repetition of the covered material
- Learning new material.
- Consolidation of the passed
1. Striped like a zebra, And cowardly like a hare. I don't attack animals I only feed on carrion.
6. I am a bird running champion. Athlete cannot overtake me
2. I - I catch poisonous snakes And I keep track of them. I wear a feather behind my ear And I don't need a bill.
11. Armed to the “teeth”: There is armor and a sword. I run, the earth trembles Like buckshot beats.
7 ... From red "Europeans" Distinctive with ears, But I'm a wonderful predator! I hunt delightfully!
12. ... The neck is arched Delicate coloring. Sleeps quietly over the water Bird or fairy tale?
All alone in the desert I look majestic That is why my name is divine -….
... I am a living umbrella But underneath me You are shadows Sometimes you will not find
4. And I look like a mattress, Watermelon and tiger too. But you, on reflection, guess How are we all so similar?
9. Keeps feet in icy water, And the heat "falls" on the head. The fruits serve the peoples as bread Without it, "neither there, nor syudy."
13. ... I am an evergreen tree. My inedible fruits But for the entire population I can donate shoes.
14. I am not friends with a person, Though I am not a predator. I am not tamed At least beg
I am a plant, an ancient inhabitant, I'm a long-liver in the savannahs
I'm related to monkeys. Look for me on the island!
I want to quench your thirst And I will fly from diseases.
Secretary bird
Velvichia
flamingo
Umbrella
Date palm
Suberic
Population of Africa
The name is not so important for the country
And the outline is not that important.
How important is who lives in that land,
Why do people live and how do they live.
Learn any country's special disposition
We can only get to know her people.
"Whose Africa?" - ask me
And I will answer you: “She is mine,
to death, to the end of time -
A mother to everyone who was born here! "
Ailnah Mulatu modern Ethiopian poet
- 1970 - 352 million people
- 2005 - more than 800 mln. people
- 800 million people = 14% of the world's population
- The largest country in terms of population is Nigeria 125 million. people
Accommodation of the population(work with the map on pages 12-13 of the atlas)
- Select on the map which parts of the continent are most populated, which are poorly populated? Why?
- Average population density 22 people / km2
- The most populous Egypt 1 thousand people / km2
- Average life expectancy -53 years
- In Sierra Leone - 38 years
- Uganda - 41 years old
2/3 of the population lives in rural areas
Cities are growing - administrative, capital, industrial and transport centers.
Cities - millionaires 15
The largest of them are Cairo,
Lagos 12.5 million
Africa is the ancestral home of mankind, the peoples of the continent are very ancient.
Australopithecus "southern monkey" is a human ancestor who lived 2 - 1.5 million years ago.
- There is an interesting version that about 6 million years ago an event occurred in the ancestral home of mankind (in Africa) that changed the hereditary properties of monkeys. What happened?
- Remember what processes took place on Earth in the early era of its development?
- What is geologically interesting in northeast Africa? (Rift zone passes)
- What minerals are found in this part of the continent? (Uranium ore)
Races
equatorial
Mongoloid
Caucasoid
MAIN PRINCIPLES
light to dark skin with a pinkish or reddish tint, soft, wavy or straight hair (usually light), straight forehead
The skin is light or dark with a yellowish tinge, the hair is straight and coarse (usually black) , the face is large, significantly flattened, a narrow section of the eyes
dark color of skin, hair and eyes, spirally curled or wavy hair, underdeveloped and wide nose, thick lips protruding forward
P r e d s t and in t e l
Berbers, Arabs
pygmies, Bantu peoples, Nilots
E + M: Bushmen, Hottentots
E + E: Ethiopians
Races and peoples of Africa (work on the textbook p. 184)
North Africa
Races
Caucasoid naya
Central Africa
Peoples
South Africa
Bantu, Arabs, Tutsis and Khimi, Nilots
Negroid
Madagascar
Mongoloid, intermediate (Ethiopians)
Pygmies, chemists
Bushmen and Hottentots, Afrikaners, British
Mongoloid naya mixed
Malagasy,
Arab peoples make up the majority of the population of Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco. The total population in Africa is about 100 million people. They speak Arabic dialects. The overwhelming majority of Arabs are employed in agriculture - farming and cattle breeding.
Arab peoples
Malinke is a Mandigo people in Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, Mali, Gambia and Sierra Leone. The total number is 3.34 million people. The main occupation is manual farming. Many Malinke are employed in industry, management and service. Religion is Islam.
Pygmies are low-growing tribes of Central Africa, numbering 300 thousand people. They are composed of a pygmy negroid race, characterized by short stature, yellowish skin tone, narrow lips, narrow and low nose. They are engaged in hunting, gathering, fishing.
The Bantu peoples are a group of peoples inhabiting mainly southern Africa. The number is 133 million people. They belong to the Negroid race. They speak Bantu languages. Most adhere to traditional beliefs.
Bantu peoples
The Hottentots are the people of South and Central Namibia (80 thousand people) and in South Africa (2 thousand people). They speak Hottentot languages. The main occupation is semi-sedentary cattle breeding. Most of them work for hire on farms, some live on reservations. Hottentots - Christians, preserve traditional beliefs (cults of spirits, magic).
hottentots
Bushmen are a people living in the desert regions of Namibia, adjacent regions of South Africa, as well as in Tanzania. The number of people is 75 thousand. They speak Bushman languages.
Malagasy - the people that make up the main population of Madagascar, the anthropological and ethnic composition of the Malagasy is heterogeneous. Ethnic groups of different origins persist. The traditional occupation is farming and cattle breeding.
Malagasy
The Masai are a people in the border regions of Kenya and Tanzania. The number of people is 0.5 thousand. Traditional occupation - nomadic cattle breeding, handicrafts.
Somalia is a people, the main population of Somalia. Lives in Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya. The population is 6460 thousand people. They speak the Somali language. Classes - nomadic cattle-breeding, they are also engaged in agriculture on the coast of the Red Sea - fishing, handicrafts are developed. Somali religion is Muslim.
Beja are a people in Sudan and in the border regions of Ethiopia and Egypt. Population 1.3 million. The Bedja are engaged in nomadic and distant pasture-raising, and in the river valleys they switched to sedentary agriculture and cattle breeding. Crafts are developed - jewelry and leather.
- Peace is needed for business, and dry weather for travel.
- Tomorrow, July may come crashing down on you.
- Those who have not seen the Nile admire the spring.
- The dew cannot compete with the sun.
- One rotten banana will ruin an entire branch.
- You can not cross the river in high water
- The cure for the envious - the desert
- The sun in our homeland makes even stones scream
- Take dates to Barsa
- What are the challenges facing the peoples of Africa?
- How can they be solved?
- Homework: read paragraph 51. Prepare reports on the countries of North and West Africa.
- Debriefing and grading
This presentation allows you to form an idea of the students about the peoples inhabiting Africa. The developed tasks are aimed at developing the skills to work with the "Peoples and Population Density" map, as well as to compare the "Population Density" and "Natural Areas of Africa" maps. There are many thematic maps in the presentation that help develop cognitive skills of working with the map.
The available test is aimed at monitoring the students' knowledge gained during the lesson.
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Slide captions:
Population of Africa MKOU Skatinskaya secondary school Geography teacher Levanova V.A.
Lesson objectives: n to familiarize students with the characteristics of the indigenous population of Africa, with the racial and ethnic composition of the continent, to identify the relationship between natural zones and population density, the relationship between races and natural zones.
Africa - the ancestral home of man On the territory of modern Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania, the remains of a man and his tools were discovered, which are more than 20 million years old.
What are the main races of the Earth's population?
Signs Basic characteristics Race Equatorial (Negroid) Mongoloid Caucasian Basic characteristics Dark color of skin, hair and eyes, spirally curled or wavy hair, wide nose, thick lips Dark skin with a yellowish tinge, straight black hair, large face, narrow eye section Light to dark skin with a pinkish or reddish tint, soft, wavy or straight hair Races Equatorial (Negroid) Mongoloid Caucasian Races - these are historically formed groups of people, connected by the unity of origin, having similar characteristics, which are inherited. How do the representatives of each race differ from each other?
What races live on mainland Africa? 2.What part of the continent do the Caucasians live in? 3. What race do most of the African population belong to?
Give examples of peoples for each race
The population of Africa is 1.1 billion.
Population density The average population density of the continent is about 30 people / km 2
Population distribution How is the population distribution shown on the map? How are unpopulated areas depicted on the map? Where on the mainland the population density is more than 100 people per 1 km 2? Where on the mainland the population density is less than 1 person per 1 km 2? What is the predominant population density in the Congo Basin? What is the population density in the east of the mainland? Map in the atlas - pages 12-13
Compare maps: natural areas of Africa and population density. What natural zones have the highest population density, the lowest? Explain the pattern.
What natural zones are these dwellings typical for? Why are there no windows in the buildings?
Colonial past By the beginning of the XX century. - Africa has become a continent of European colonies. (only Liberia and Ethiopia were free) In the middle of the XX century. Africa became the mainland of the national liberation struggle. At the end of the 20th century. Africa has turned into a continent of independent states. Colony is a country deprived of political and economic independence.
Consolidation of the studied material 1. What continent do scientists consider the ancestral home of modern man? 2. What race does the majority of the African population belong to? 3. What peoples live in the semi-deserts and deserts of South Africa? 4. These "forest people" are distinguished by a yellowish skin color, a very wide nose, short stature? Who is this? 5. Where does the newcomer population of the Caucasian race live within the continent? 6. What is the population of Africa? What is the average population density of the mainland? 7. What is the name of a country deprived of political and economic independence?
IN AFRICA LIVES ... A PERSON. a) less than 500 million, b) 500 million - 850 million, c) more than 1 billion 2. IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA, THE POPULATION DOMINATES ... RACE. a) Negroid, b) Caucasian, c) Mongoloid. 3. POPULATION OF NORTH AFRICA: a) Malagasy, b) Arab peoples, c) Bantu peoples. 4. THE LOWEST PEOPLES OF AFRICA ARE CALLED: a) pygmies, b) midgets, c) bushmen. 5. THE MOST ANCIENT REMAINS OF HUMAN BEING FOUND IN: a) Egypt, Libya, Algeria, b) Nigeria, Gabon, Chad, c) Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia. 6. ONE OF THE HIGHEST PEOPLES OF AFRICA: a) Bushmen, b) Masai, c) Arabs. 7. THE INCOMING POPULATION OF AFRICA LIVES: a) on the equator, b) on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, c) on the northern and southern coasts of the mainland. Test
IN AFRICA LIVES ... A PERSON. a) less than 500 million, b) 500 million - 850 million, c) more than 1 billion 2. IN EQUATORIAL AFRICA, THE POPULATION DOMINATES ... RACE. a) Negroid, b) Caucasian, c) Mongoloid. 3. POPULATION OF NORTH AFRICA: a) Malagasy, b) Arab peoples, c) Bantu peoples. 4. THE LOWEST PEOPLES OF AFRICA ARE CALLED: a) pygmies, b) midgets, c) bushmen. 5. THE MOST ANCIENT REMAINS OF HUMAN BEING FOUND IN: a) Egypt, Libya, Algeria, b) Nigeria, Gabon, Chad, c) Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia. 6. ONE OF THE HIGHEST PEOPLES OF AFRICA: a) Bushmen, b) Masai, c) Arabs. 7. THE INCOMING POPULATION OF AFRICA LIVES: a) on the equator, b) on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, c) on the northern and southern coasts of the mainland. CORRECT ANSWERS: 1.c 2.a 3.b 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.c Test
6 points - "5" 5 points - "4" 4 points - "3"
Homework. Paragraph 30 Make up a crossword puzzle "Countries of Africa" Make a presentation about one of the countries in Africa.
"Women in politics" - Gender aspect of the topic. Diagram of women politicians. Negative aspect. Youth in politics. The role of women in modern society. Feasibility. Khakamada. History of the issue. The concept of the role of women in society. Legal documents. Research data. Attitude towards women politicians. Students. Politics.
"Political Science in the 20th Century" - Leon Dugi. Gaetano Mosca. Political thought. Alfred Thayer Mahan. Johan Rudolf Kjellen. Mutual Prosperity Sphere Doctrine. Robert Michels. The term "elite" was introduced by Pareto into the political spider. Friedrich Ratzel. The theory of the "welfare state". Karl Haushofer. Sir Halford John Mackinder. Political Science in the 20th Century: Major Achievements.
"The political sphere of society" - Multi-party system. The structure of the political sphere. State. The content of the political sphere. Needs and interests. The political sphere of society. Political parties. Political power. Political sphere. Forms of the territorial structure of the state. Forms of the state. The state arose out of the need to coordinate various processes.
"Politics of the Unified State Exam" - Number of votes. A state characterized by a unified system of supreme state bodies. Judgments about a political party. The purpose of the society. Write down the word missing in the outline. Sign. Judgments. Political parties. Elections. Appeal. Politics. The state is an essential element of the political system.
World Politics - Who teaches on the World Politics program? What are the objectives of the World Politics master's program? Partners of the "World Politics" program: Teachers leading the courses of lectures on the program: We are waiting for you. Your additional opportunities when studying under the World Politics program: Come and you will not regret it!
"Political Power" - International Relations. Society as a whole. Subjects and objects of politics. Social sphere. Political parties. How is political power different from other types of power? Can a society exist without power? Domestic policy. Power. Can an ordinary citizen understand politics? The state in the political system.
There are 25 presentations in total
Slide 2
Africa is the ancestral home of mankind
In East Africa, archaeologists have found the remains of an ancient man and tools of his labor, which are about 2.7 million years old. Finds of this kind are the oldest on our planet. This gave reason to assume that the first people on Earth were Africans, that it was on this continent that humanity originated. From here, ancient people began to settle all over the world.
Slide 3
Caucasians
There are about a billion Caucasians on Earth who have DARK SKIN, plus black hair and black eyes - Arabs, Indians, Tuaregs, Moroccans.
Slide 4
Equatorial negroids
Most of the mainland (south of the Sahara) is inhabited by representatives of the equatorial (Negroid) race. In the scorching sun, their skin turned dark, which relieves it from burns, and their hair became curly. The peoples and tribes of this race have significant differences in skin tone, height, facial features.
Slide 5
Pygmies live in the equatorial forests (Translated from Greek, this word means a size the size of a fist). These are the small people of our planet - the average height of an adult man is only 145 cm. Instead of the Masai and Tutsis, they are the Tall peoples of Africa, their height reaches 200 cm.
Slide 6
Pygmies are one of the shortest races, but they are not dwarfs. Purebred pygmies have an average height of 145 cm (men) and 133 cm (women), and this is not a pathology, like in dwarfs. Their body proportions are the same as yours or mine, so their head seems disproportionately large.
Slide 7
The Masai are considered the most beautiful among the natives of East Africa. Tall, muscular, with expressive faces, the Maasai are sure that they are the favorites of the gods and are very contemptuous of other inhabitants of Africa.
Slide 8
Mongoloid
Bushmen and Hottentots live in the south of the mainland. They are short, have yellowish wrinkled skin, a wide cheekbones, which makes them similar to Mongoloids. Bushmen differ from Negroids because they have lighter skin and thin lips.
Slide 9
Intermediate
The inhabitants of the island of Madagascar - Malagasy - Descend from mixed Negroid and Mongoloid races. Also, Ethiopians, who have a lighter skin color with a reddish tint than Negroids, are considered representatives of an intermediate race.
Slide 10
Long before the arrival of Europeans, the peoples of Africa created a kind of culture (Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Benin, Sudan). They built large cities where crafts and arts developed. Unique monuments have survived to this day: the Egyptian pyramids - a miracle of ancient building technology, temples, ivory and wood carvings, bronze sculptures, etc.
Slide 11
Compared to other continents, Africa has a relatively low average population density - about 20 people. / km2. The population of the mainland is extremely unevenly distributed. The coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Guinea, as well as the southeastern coast of the mainland are densely populated. Large ports are located there, which have emerged on the busy world trade routes. Many of them became the largest cities of the coastal states, and often their capitals.
Slide 12
Colonial past
2. What peoples of Africa do you know? Where do they live?
3. How is the population located on the mainland? What factors influence the uneven distribution of the population?
4. Consider why the official language in many African countries is French or English.
Slide 16
Homework:
§ 30, questions.
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