It is famous for its natural resources, the Lipetsk region is located in the central part of the country at the origins of Don. Her nature is extremely rich and diversified by landscapes, as well as plant and animal worlds. On the territory of the region can be found both low-albertic territories and sublime plains. Thanks to the location in the forest-steppe zone, the Lipetsk region alternates forests and steppes. Most of the tourists here are attracted by endless groves, forests and full-flowered rivers. In addition, there are many reserved zones with rare species of plant and animal worlds.
Plant world of the Lipetsk region
If calculating in the percentage ratio, then forest zone in Lipetsk region It takes only nine percent of the entire territory. Previously, this figure was much more. Luga and Pashnya took the bulk of the region. In the territory of the region there are protected zones where you can find representatives of relict vegetation. This is Galichi Mountain, a bunch of glance and crowded cliffs.
Most often in the forests of the region there are oaks. They are located mainly in the upper reaches of the rivers. In addition to oak, you can meet a olhu, pine, ash, lime or maple. In total, on the territory of the Lipetsk region there are about a hundred species of trees. Also widespread and floodplains on which the Lyochevost, Dress, Timofeevka and other herbs grow. On the territory of the water area, you can also meet picturesque vegetation. Among them are distinguished by charming white lilies, irises or yellow pitches. Steppe zone Areas are engaged in agricultural crops. Aveats, wheat, buckwheat, and sunflower are grown here. Also grow rape, peas, millet, corn and barley. Representatives of vegetable breeds close this list, among which the most consumable potatoes, beets, onions and much more belong.
Animal world Lipetsk region
In the Lipetsk region there are 196 varieties of animals listed in the Red Book. And this is not a small figure. Among the unique extinct species, we can allocate steppe ferret, gray hamster and ordinary Medica - Snake with spots characteristic. Among the birds under special defense are Filin, Gray Crane, Field Lun and Swan - Shipun, who lives near small islets.
In the forest zone of the Lipetsk region, you can meet protein and beavers building dams. Very often there are moose on the way, but the boars and roebles are much less common. In the fields and steppes there are various rodents, among which carcans, gopters, mice and hares are widespread. At night, bats are chosen on the hunt.
Also on the territory of the region is very diverse various kinds of birds. The most common are sparrows, crows, siesa pigeons, woodpeckers, sparrows and daws. Among the birds - nomads, flying up in the cold season, you can allocate bullfires, black woodpeckers and chutes. Underwater world Rivers and lakes also affects their diversity. Most often, perch, bream, red-pan, Sazan, pike, catfish and many other fish breeds. Thanks to such a huge selection, fishing is widespread in the Lipetsk region. In addition, in water bodies you can meet amphibians, crayfish or mollusks.
Climate in the Lipetsk region
Lipetsk region is located in moderately - Continental climatic zone. Therefore, for the region is characteristic warm summer and cool winter. If we compare the area with other parts of the country, it has averaged climatic indicators. Itself low temperature in the region is characteristic of January, and the most warm month It is considered July. Air has low level humidity due to sufficient remoteness from Atlantic Ocean. The precipitation falls in both the summer and winter periods, winter is characterized by rich snowfall, and summer - heavy rains.
Lipetsk region is located in the forest-steppe zone. For this zone, the alternation of forest vegetation and steppe. Forests are common in the valleys of rivers, beams, as well as on watersheds. In the territory of the region they grow predominantly broad-sized forests.
In general, forests have survived a little - they are employed about 9 percent of the area of \u200b\u200bthe region. The rest is engaged in Pasha, meadows, household plots and other lands. Pashnya accounts for more than 70 percent of the territory.
The vegetation of the region has about 1,200 species, including 40 species of trees and shrubs.
Forest arrays occupy 160 thousand hectares of land. They are unevenly distributed. On the Central Russian hill forests, there are few - found separate arrays according to the valleys of Done River, fast pine, beautiful swords. Forests are mostly focused on the window-donal lowland. Especially large massifes of forests have been preserved on the left bank of the Voronezh River
Typical for the Lipetsk region are oaks. They account for 40 percent of forest area. On the Central Russian hill, the dubrava are found on the beams, in the upper reaches of the rivers. Extensive oak arrays are available on Dono-Voronezh interfluve. In addition to oak in these forests, ash, Maple, Elm, Lipa are growing, pine is found.
In the floodplain of the River Voronezh among the meadows there are forests with a predominance of alder. On the sandy left bank terraces of the river valleys grow pine forests.
Mixed forests are common on the left bank of Voronezh. A rich corner of our region is the Ureansky Forest, which is part of Voronezh state Reserve.
Pine forests have a big practical valueSince they give high-quality wood, serve as a recreational area, protect the soil from the destruction of erosion processes.
On the window-don-Don lowland, aspen bushes are common - the remains of the forest-steppe landscapes, once had a large distribution in the area.
Steppes that existed in the territory of the region are plagued and engaged in crops of crops. Steppe vegetation is preserved in the form of narrow bands or individual spots on the slopes of beams and ravines.
According to the floors of rivers are located pointed meadows. Grass grow on them: bonfire, drinking, mint, breadstorm, Timofeevka, as well as a lot of Oskock ...
In rivers and lakes, sources, irises, rarers, reeds grow in the rivers and lakes. Plants with floating leaves are growing - white lilies and yellow pita lilies.
Within the limits of the Lipetsk region there are areas that have relict vegetation, which remained from the smoother period - Galichi Mountain and Morozova Mountain, Vorgolsky rocks, crows Stone, Plushan and Bykov's tract.
In the Lipetsk region, the Galich Mountain State Reserve was created, which includes the named tract.
The animal world of the area is very diverse. Since the area is located in the forest-steppe zone, animal world It is represented by forests and steppe species. Over 60 species of mammals, more than 250 species live in the area various birds, 30 species of fish, 8 species of reptiles and 8 kinds of amphibians.
Most mammals live in forests. From the predatory, wolves, foxes, ferrets, raccoon dogs, occasionally - cunits, badgers, are observed.
In small quantities, proteins are found, Bobras live on the shores of the tribes of Voronezh. From unfortunate animals in the forests are moose. Kosul and boars in the forests are very few. Especially great distribution have rodents - gophers, mice, voles, hares, hamsters and tubes.
In rivers and lakes dwell, water rats and ondatras live. In the Lipetsk region, animals belonging to the detachment of insectivores - Mole and several types of agriculture. From the detachment of manochable mammals are found different kinds bats.
The world of feathered is diverse and numerous. Constantly we have about 30 species. These include house Sparrow, Galka, Forty, Raven, SIZY PONT, TETEREV, TECHNESS, DOMO OSYCH, NUMBER, CHILANCE LARK. This can also be attributed to the crow, a gray partridge, wild sparrow, junction, most types of woodwood and ordinary oatmeal.
The bulk of birds for the winter flies south, and in the warm season returns back. There are also such birds that live in our winter, and in the spring they fly to the north. To such pointed in winter time Birds include swelling, blackwilders, Chii, bullfinch, chutes.
Most birds of the Lipetsk region live in forests. IN coniferous forests Birds are much smaller than in deciduous. A lot of waterfowl in rivers and lakes in the warm season nest. Some birds live near human housing. They inhabit buildings in villages or nest in parks and gardens within the settlement.
In rivers and lakes dwell various fish: perch, pike, chub, is, roach, som, bream, pike perch, red-pan, lin, crucian, ersh, sazan. Cancer, mollusks, amphibians also live in the water bodies. Of the reptiles are joined, viper, lizards.
The world of insects is different large variety. In the area are found numerous species Beetles, butterflies, straight blue, as well as bees, wasps, bumblebees.
Iraida Ivanova
Project "Nature Lipetsk region»
Passport project:
View project: Cognitive, research and creative.
Duration: Medium-term.
Participants project: Children senior group, educators, musical
head, parents.
Implementation period: 3 months (February, March, April).
Educational regions: cognitive development, speech developmentPhysical
development, socio-communicative development, artistic
aesthetic development.
Relevance:
IN modern conditions problem environmental education Preschoolers, as the initial stage of the system of continuous and universal environmental education, is particularly relevant. It is in the period preschool age The child has the foundations of environmental thinking, consciousness, ecological culture. Small child Cognizes World S. open soul and heart.
Nature – amazing phenomenon, whose educational impact on the spiritual world of the child - a preschooler is difficult to overestimate. Nature It is the source of the first specific knowledge and joyful experiences, often memorable for life. Children's soul reveals in communication with nature., A wakes about the interest in the world around the world, the ability to make discoveries and surprise them.
To date, environmental literacy, careful attitude towards nature Became the pledge of human survival on our planet. In addition, the ecological education of children is the enormous potential of them. comprehensive development. Crupitsa environmental knowledgeReceived in childhood will help the child to navigate the surrounding reality, correctly understand it. But the main thing is to put the beginning of a conscious attitude towards nature, definition of yours
places in it in the future. And will he be learned to be an empty owner who loving and understanding natureperceiving itself as part of a single environmental systemlargely depends on adults participating in its upbringing.
purpose project: shape careful attitude to nature of Lipetsk Region: Forests, fields, rivers, animal and vegetable world.
Tasks project:
introduce children S. nature Lipetsk region;
expand the idea of \u200b\u200bthe life of birds, animals and plants Lipetsk region;
introduce children with the Red Book Lipetsk region;
educating caring, careful and humane attitude to nature;
to summarize the knowledge of children, consolidate ideas about the lifestyle of animals, birds and plants, about the role of a person in their lives, about communication with the environment, creating conditions for the residence of animals, birds and plant growing;
attach to the culture of behavior in the outside world, protect and protect the flora and fauna of the native the edges;
develop among children a horizon, connected speech, imagination, fantasy, thinking, ability to analyze, compare, compare;
bring up a sense of empathy and desire to help in needing objects nature.: plants, insects, animals, fish, birds, man;
attract parents K. joint activity With a child in a family and kindergarten.
Estimated result:
children have general ideas about nature Lipetsk region;
children know how to enjoy knowledge about nature native region when performing the tasks of the teacher, with answers to questions, descriptions of phenomena, a selection of examples for clarity;
children show interest in the inhabitants of living nature of the native land;
children laid the basics careful relationship to all the living and awareness of what everyone is responsible for the wealth and diversity of the flora and the fauna of their native the edges.
cultural behavior skills are formed in nature, the ability to distinguish between allowing and prohibiting environmental signs;
increasing the competence of parents in the environmental education of children;
the number of parents participating in joint activities will increase.
The role of parents in the implementation project:
help in the design of albums "Our animals the edges» , « Medicinal plants Lipetsk region» , joint drawings of children and parents "Animals, birds, fish, our plants the edges» ; Visit to the Museum of Local Lore; Lipetsk Zoo; Excursions to the park.
Product project activities:
participation in the competition "The best feeder for birds";
participation in stock "Push the birds in winter";
exhibition creative work « Nature of our region» ;
album design "Medicinal plants Lipetsk region» .
Stages of conducting and implementing project:
I. Visitor:
study of methodical, popular science literature;
study and analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature on the development of observation in children prepared to school of the group;
learning the interest of children to determine the goals project;
setting goals and objectives project;
definition required funds Sales project;
selection visual material (pictures, drawings, illustrations, photos) about nature of Lipetsk Region: animals, birds, plants;
selection of poems, songs, mysteries, stories, fairy tales about animals, birds, insects, plants;
selection of didactic, moving games on the topic project;
replenishment of the developing subject-spatial environment with new materials, attributes.
II.Practive:
reading artistic works: on birds, animals, insects, plants;
learning of poems and songs about nature;
guessing riddles of animals, insects, birds, colors, trees;
view illustration, photographs, pictures with image nature of the Lipetsky region;
conversations: "Our Winter Birds the edges» , "Our insects the edges» , "Red Book Lipetsk region» , "As a person takes care of nature?» , "What is interesting I have seen in the forest?", "How do you care about birds?", "Rules of conduct in nature» , "What I did good to keep nature» , "I saw in the zoo ...";
visit to the Museum of Local Lore; Lipetsk Zoo, excursion to the park;
coloring plane silhouettes with paints, colored pencils, wax melts: "Butterflies", "Wild animals", "Birds", "Flowers".
didactic games "Collect an animal (bird) from parts ", "Who lives where?", "Whose house?", "Whose kid?", "Fourth extra", "Name gentle", "Who eats what?", "One - a lot", "Guess the bird on the description", "Guess the flower", Lotto "Wild animals", "Plants", "Flowers", "Birds"cut pictures;
outdoor games "Fish", "Winter and migratory birds", "Hunters and Beasts", "Sovka", "Flight of birds", "Fox and chickens", "Frogs and Heron", "Wolf in Ravy";
painting: "Sparrow", "Tiny", "Forest in spring", "What I saw in the zoo", "Chamomile", "Butterflies";
applique: "Butterflies on colors", "Snegir, cinema on rowan", "Snowdrops", "Basket with valley";
lepak: "Birds", "Fox", "Hare", "Wolf", "Fir-tree";
designing out paper: "Bullfinch", "Cinemas", "Sparrows", "Bunny", "Fox and Listen"; "Tulip",
independent activity in drawing: strokes and coloring "Winter birds", « Migratory birds» , "Wild animals", "Flowers", "Trees", "Insects";
observation cycle: Birds on the trough, birds in winter and spring, behind the trees, for lilac, behind snowdrops on flowerbed, behind insects;
labor activity: Production of feeders, birdhouses (together with parents, hanging feeders (together with an educator and parents, planting flowers for kindergarten flower bed;
OD: "Medicinal Plants", "Birds - our friends", "Winter birds", "Love and know your native land".
III. Including:
participation in the competition "The best feeder for birds";
participation in stock "Push the birds in winter";
exhibition of creative work « Nature of our region» ;
album design "Medicinal plants Lipetsk region» ;
entertainment "Winter birds".
Forms and methods of working with children:
observations;
visual information;
game activity;
labor activity;
independent activities of children;
individual work using didactic material;
consultative work with parents;
reading poems, fairy tales, stories about nature;
exhibition of drawings and crafts;
games: didactic, verbal, movable, musical, desktop, finger, imitation games;
Material and technical resources required for execution project:
television;
stereomagnetola;
audio recordings "Sounds nature.» ;
didactic, board games;
selection of visual material ( "Red Book Lipetsk region» , illustration, photos "Flora and fauna Lipetsk region» , "They are listed in the Red Book", Children's drawings "They ask for help", « Environmental signs» ;
preparation of fine material for productive activities.
Staging a new problem:
continue work on the topic « Nature of our region» ;
development project"Red Book Lipetsk region» ;
continue replenishing the developing subject-spatial environment.
Literature:
1. Astakhov V., Dukarev Yu. "Reserve the nature of Lipetsk region» .
2. Badulina E. V. Lipetsk region» .
4. Nedoskin V. Yu. Environmental research in the reserve "Galichia Mountain".
5. Peshkova N. V. « Nature of the Lipetsk region and its security» .
6. Peshkova N. V. "Take care of native nature» .
7. Rusmen V. I. "Condition and Protection ambient Lipetsk region» .
8. Sarychev V. « Nature Valley Vorgol River» .
9. Sozontova O. V. « Nature and ecology Lipetsk region» .
10. Shalnev B. M. "Peace childhood: native culture ".
"Animal population", "Animal". In accordance with Art. 1 of the Law of the Russian Federation "On Animal World" under the animal world is the wild animals living in a state of natural freedom, constantly or temporarily inhabiting the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as related to natural resources continental shelf or exceptional economic zone of the Russian Federation. Animals B. Encyclopedic dictionary: Animals - organisms that constitute one of the kingdoms organic World. General properties animals and plants ( cellular structure, metabolism) is due to the unity of their origin. However, in contrast to plants, animals - heterotrophs, i.e. feed on ready organic compounds. By definition from Dictionary Russian language S.I. Ozhegova: "Live organism, a creature with the ability to move and feeds, in contrast to plants, ready-made organic compounds. Types and types of animals. Vertebrate, invertebrate animals. " According to the material from Wikipedia (free encyclopedia), the animal world of Russia is all representatives of the animal world (Animalia) inherent in Russia. The meaning of the word animals by the dictionary medical terms: "Animals are one of the main groups of the world of living beings characterized by a heterotrophic power supply (sometimes mixotrophic), the ability to actively move in space, the absence of a dense cellulose cage, typical for vegetable cells, etc."
The animal world of the area is very diverse. Since the area is located in the forest-steppe zone, its animal world is represented by forest and steppe species. Over 60 types of mammals, more than 250 species of different birds, 30 species of fish, 8 species of reptiles and 8 species of amphibians live in the area.
In small quantities, proteins are found, Bobras live on the shores of the tribes rivers. From unfortunate animals in the forests are moose. Kosul and boars in the forests are very few. Especially great distribution have rodents - gophers, mice, voles, hares, hamsters and tubes.
Various fish in rivers and lakes live: perch, pike, chub, is, roach, catfish, bream, pike perch, red-pan, lin, crucian, ersh, sazan. Of the axilimized species of fish in the water bodies there are white and motley crowds, white Amur. White amrages weighing 8-10 kg caught in the river Voronezh. In the Don River, there is a sterling.
Cancer, mollusks, amphibians also live in the water bodies. Of the reptiles are joined, viper, lizards.
The species composition of mammals refers to the following detachments: insectivorous, man-making, predatory, haresay, rodents, and airsfish.
From mammals, most animal species live in forests. This elk, noble (European) deer, roe, boar, wolf, fox, raccoon dog, ermine, curtain, badger, squirrel, beezz and some other species.
Currently, in almost all areas of the region, with the exception of Volovsky and Dobrinsky, can be found by elk. The greatest number These animals are registered in the Globinsky, Lipetsk, Usmansky, Dobrovsky, Chaplygin and Zadonsky districts. For the first time, moose on the territory of the region appeared in the Kulikov forest in the late 1930s of the 20th century. According to the regional management of the hunting economy, the number of moose in the territory of the region in 1990 was 750 heads.
Deer, Kosley, Kaban settled mainly forest areas of the region. However, the greatest concentration is observed in the territory of zoological (hunting) reserves, which are located on the city of Lipetsk downstream Voronezh River in the territories of Lipetsky, the Golyan and Usmansky districts. These animals settled in the region relatively recently. For example, deer in 1940 as a result of resettlement from the territory Voronezh Reserve, boars - in 1944
In 2009, additional nutrition was organized for wild animals, mainly fodder grain, beets, feed brooms, began to receive salt in connection with strong frosts and the formation of a snowy nast wild animals in the forests of the Lipetsk region.
As reported in the protection of the protection, use of the animal world and water bioresources Lipetsk region, in 2009, primarily in zoological and biological reserves, hunting and farming, open more than 120 baiting sites for forest inhabitants.
In 2007, the second volume of the Red Book of the Lipetsk region, telling about the animals, is published in circulation of 1,000 copies. This is the second option of such a publication, the first was prepared by a group of biologic scientists ten years ago. The Red Book contains the most valuable information for each rare Faunas of the region - 196 of the 5532 khds in its territory. Until 2010, scientists will monitor rare animals, seeking to identify negative trends in time. The reason for the close attention of biologists to this topic becomes amplified pressure on the animal world due to intense economic activity man. Although cases of disappearance of one or another type of fauna over the past ten years has not been noted in the region.
In the Lipetsk region, the Galich Mountain State Reserve was created, which includes the named tract.
The animal world of the area is very diverse. Since the area is located in the forest-steppe zone, its animal world is represented by forest and steppe species. Over 60 types of mammals, more than 250 species of different birds, 30 species of fish, 8 species of reptiles and 8 species of amphibians live in the area.
Most mammals live in forests. From the predatory, wolves, foxes, ferrets, raccoon dogs, occasionally - cunits, badgers, are observed.
In small quantities, proteins are found, Bobras live on the shores of the tribes of Voronezh. From unfortunate animals in the forests are moose. Kosul and boars in the forests are very few. Especially great distribution have rodents - gophers, mice, voles, hares, hamsters and tubes.
In rivers and lakes dwell, water rats and ondatras live. In the Lipetsk region, animals belonging to the detachment of insectivores - Mole and several types of agriculture. From the detachment of manochable mammals, various types of volatile mice are found.
The world of feathered is diverse and numerous. Constantly we have about 30 species. These include a house sparrow, a daw, forty, raven, a siza pigeon, aunt, tetrais, a home owl, a master, a church lark. This can also be attributed to the crow, a gray partridge, wild sparrow, junction, most types of woodwood and ordinary oatmeal.
The bulk of birds for the winter flies south, and in the warm season returns back. There are also such birds that live in our winter, and in the spring they fly to the north. To such pointed in winter, poultry belongs, blackwilders, Chiji, bullfires, chchets.
Most birds of the Lipetsk region live in forests. In coniferous birds, birds are much smaller than in deciduous. A lot of waterfowl in rivers and lakes in the warm season nest. Some birds live near human housing. They inhabit buildings in villages or nest in parks and gardens within the settlement.
Various fish in rivers and lakes live: perch, pike, chub, is, roach, catfish, bream, pike perch, red-pan, lin, crucian, ersh, sazan. Cancer, mollusks, amphibians also live in the water bodies. Of the reptiles are joined, viper, lizards.
The world of insects is distinguished by a great variety. In the area there are numerous types of beetles, butterflies, straight flowered, as well as bees, wasps, bumblebees.
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