IN Krasnodar Territory Pretty many beautiful and amazing plants. For example, pine Pitsundskaya She grows in Gelendzhik and along the coast. Can survive in adverse conditions. The bumps do not fall out and can hang out for more than three years. At the age of thirty years, her growth is fifteen meters, and in a hundred years it grows up to forty meters in height. Shells with her length up to sixteen centimeters, when other pines are only eight. Even the bumps of this pine red shade.

On the Black Sea coast, starting from Mount Lysoi from Anapa and to Gelendzhik, grows pistachiofrom interesting title Tupoliste. The genus pistachios is very ancient. This is small decorative plantIt matures it at the end of summer, the beginning of autumn. The plant transfers well drought and loves light very much. She grows slowly, in twenty years grows for one meter. Pistachio contains 75% resin and up to 25% essential oils. The resin tree is needed in order to quickly heal the cuts, and a person uses it to process wooden dishes, as well as constant chewing pistachio resin cleans and strengthens the tooth enamel. Even its resins are part of various ointments, with the help of which rheumatism, ulcers and wounds, burns and cracks on the skin are cured. Some modern pharmacists themselves are boiled from this resin ointment on old recipes. And the pistachio wood wood is very solid. Previously, it was intensively cut down for shipbuilding, as well as from its roots, smoking pipes and other similar things were made.

Very growing in the Krasnodar region of juniper. Juniper belongs to K. ancient rope Cypress. He appeared on Earth fifty million years ago and nevertheless lives so far. There is about seventy species of this plant, and twenty one species grows in Russia, five in Crimea. The types of it are very diverse - high, spiny, red Cossack, smelly and semi-shaped.

First view juniper is high. The village is up to fifteen meters in height, with a thick crown, his branches are quite thin and raised up. The bark is of dark color, Shishko - berries spherical, about one centimeter, and the color they have quite pleasant dark - purple. This type of juniper is growing relatively quickly from three to five years, loves light and heat, it can not dry for a long time. Live can up to fifty years.

Juniper red - He was called before the red cedar. Basically, he grows a six-eight meter trees with magnificent branches covered with barbed needles, and for it, he was given another name - the juniper spiny.

BUT juniper smelly Call still fading. It is very similar to the juniper high, but he is twice as bigger than the berries and not dark, but brown. The smell of this plant is rather unpleasant. Juniper is very often used for therapeutic purposes. For this use mature fruits that are brought late in autumn. If they are dried, you can store such fruits up to three years. Juniper contains essential oilsas well as up to 40% sugar and acid. There are never ointments and medicines from the Cossack juniper, he is poisonous, it can be distinguished from another juniper on a buggy surface, smell and dark - blue shade.

Also of all forests of the Krasnodar Territory, the Samshetoy - the most beautiful and mysterious. He affects all tourists with extraordinary beauty. A twilight always reigns in the thick leaves of Samshat, and with its branches in interesting strands hangs light and at the same time fluffy moss. Like in a fairy tale!

Samsit- green Tree With small leaves on the branches. Live this tree can more fifty years old. In height, it will grow to twenty meters, and in a width of about fifty centimeters. The tree grows too slowly - for a year about one millimeter, so its wood is too dense and rather heavy and easily sinking in water. It blooms with small flowers, which have a very nice bluffing smell. Sugit is shadowed, but he also needs moisture. Moss on the branches of Samshet preserves it. This plant blooms at the end of winter and early spring, and ripens in the middle of autumn. Sugit is very poisonous. Since his wood is very solid and valuable this kind of plant is listed in the Red Book, it is currently on the verge of extinction, so it is categorically impossible to cut down.

In the Krasnodar forests there is a rather rare species grapes - wild. He leaflets have round almost twisted, the mustache branching and grow spiral so that neighboring plants curl. Flowers grapes in early May, and matures late in autumn. The whisk before flowering is reset as a cap. Forest grapes have a very sour taste. This species is easily able to survive in adverse conditions. Use it and as a medicine - they are treated with the feet fungus. Wild forest grapes remained very little, it was also added to the list of endangered plant species.

Georgievskaya Tatiana

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student 4 "a" class

Georgievskaya Tatiana

In the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, vegetation is distributed over zones. Here the latitudinal and vertical zonality is pronounced. The zone of the steppe occupies the entire Azov-Kuban Plain. In the nearby past it was a divergent-Tipacchal-Watch steppe. Currently, almost all of it is disassembled and turned into unbarrible collective farm and peasant-farmer fields, where they cultivatewheat, Corn, Sugar Beet, Sunflower , barley, vegetable bug cultures. In total, there are more than 3 thousand species of plants in the region.

Along the roads, on the slopes of the beams and on the tops of the Kurgans, you can meet wild grassy plants: powder creeping,buttercup wild, donon yellow,halfweight bitter, plantain, mother and mazehu, Swan , Osima field, St. John's wort, immortelle. In forest belts - oak, nut, acacia and other species of trees.

In the northeastern part of the edge, in the Kubano-Priazovskoye lowland, the steppe animals are common. Field live heremice, Susliki, Moles, Sharp hamsters. They all bring harm agriculture. Live in nonorah, feed on grain, leaves. From predators are foundlisers, caress, ferrets. From birds - larks, quail , gray partridges,crows, Soroki . There are predatory -korean, owls, owls, Lun Steppe.

In Delta Kuban, in smoothies and limans are commonsingle, Rogoz, Ramysh, Yellow Sweatshirts , Water lilies, water walnut. Here are wild boars, foxes, waterfowl:pelicans, Seagulls, Ducks, Chibisats, Keeps, Guice, Herons , sometimes arriveswans . Ondatra lives in Limanan. In the smoothies of the Kalininsky district there is the largest multi-water colony of aistoid in the region.

On the right bank of Kuban, not far from the village of Ivanovo, an array spreadRed forest (5200 hectares). This is the remainder of the forests, who used to be the coast of Kuban before her low-levels. Narrow forest strips are preserved on average river flow. Oak, Iva, Maple, ash, apple tree, hawthorn, rosehip are growing in the Red Forest; Reindeer, roar, boars, hares.

Depending on the height above sea level and related changes in climatic, soil and other conditions, not only the overall nature of vegetation varies sharply, but also the appearance of plants.

As the relief increases the steppe goes into the forest-steppe, and the last one in the forest zone. The forest-steppe stretched out the relatively non-trap band in the left bank of the Kuban, covering the zubban tilting plain and low (mainly up to 600 m) part of the previations. About 50% of Square - shrubs and partly broad-sized forests (oak, grob, maple, hazel, dogwood).

Kuban forests occupy 1.7 million hectares and are characterized by extremely valuable rocks. In the region, approximately 30% oak is focused, over 80% of beech and about 90% of the chestnut plantations of Russia. The main part of the forests falls on foothills, mountainous areas and the Black Sea coast.

The vegetation in the mountains forms three belts: forest, subalpine and alpine.

The forest area is divided into two belts: wide and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level grow mainly oak forests with an admixture of the count, ash, Ilma, and also fruit trees (Pear, apple tree, dogwood). Oak forests are replaced by beech belt. At an altitude of 1200 meters, Caucasian fir is joined to them. From 1300 to 1800 meters prevail coniferous forestsconsisting of Caucasian fir and east ate. The needles of the fir are softer and a little wider than the needles ate.

In the mountains and foothills, the abundance of forest fruits and juicy meal herbs. This creates favorable conditions for the habitat of animals and birds. In oak and beech forests graze with small herds wild pigs. Unlike domestic, wild pigs are somewhat shorter and higher on the legs. Old boars reach 100-150 kg of weight. They are covered with thick, coarse bristle dark-brown, and sometimes almost black. The male has fangs.

In wide deciduous forests go small, rising with a home goat, roeble, in their own way appearance Reindeer. The horns have only males. Industion bear, wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, badger, fox, cunning. On the banks of the rivers - mink and otter. They dive well and swim, feed on fish, frogs.

From the reptiles there are: Claws - ordinary and water, Vijuki - Steppe and Viguka Kosnakova (meets high in the mountains), a non-free lizard of the spray and yellowopus.

In the morning, the forest and the valley of the premedies are filled with singing and twitter various birds. Skinking Soroki, whistlingdrozda, bug cuckoo, cross off the couch , busty from streamswalkGules shook out the tail; The coast of the rivers hears melodic entanglement of the yellow-lemon escorts, quickly rush for the preycobchiki , methodically tapping about the bark of the stems of the forests of forests -dyatli. Sorry Sorokoputa hunt insects. Yurkaya Golden pure chasing behind bees, bumblebees, grabbing them on the summer with their long thin beak. Owls fly here, Filin, Skvorts, Dubonos, Schoeglas, Kingfisher, Tits, and high in the mountains - CaucasiantETEREV, Mountain turkey - Ulary.

On ripples rivers settleblue soffering, field sparrows and coastal swallows.

Birds bring great benefits to the national economy, destroying harmful insects and rodents. For example, one swallow catches more than a thousand pests of plants per day. Hundreds of trees are saved by the woodpeckers, drinking the larvae of the beetles, hidden under the crust. Owl for the summer destroys a thousand mice, and each mouse eats 1 kg of grain per year. It turns out that only one owl retains us a ton of bread per year.

Not all feathered inhabit us round year. Many live only in the summer, will bring chicks, and fall in the fall in more warmer climes. There are about 320 species of birds in Kuban.

Soil contamination, air led to a sharp reduction in the number of insectivore birds: Skvortsov, swallows, Sparrow. But the number of raven, pigeons increased. Urban lumps serve them with an excellent feed database.

At an altitude of 1800 - 2,200 meters above sea level lies the belt of subalpine vegetation. Stretchsubalpian meadows And cryproin with a shrub beech and mountain maple. Subalpian meadows are rich pastures. IN summer time Here contain cattle and octara sheep.

Above subalpine meadows, starting from heights of 2300 - 2500 and up to 2800 - 3000 meters above sea level, the belt of the Alpine meadows of the North-West Caucasus extends (in other parts of the Caucasus it is much higher). Harsh here nature. Only in August, the glades are freed from snow.

As a split change! In the subalpine zone, everything is great and magnificently, and in the Alpine the same plants, but from 4 to 15 centimeters with an increase in the growing form. The brightness of the color, the color of flowers on the rocky glades, surrounded by rocks and snow. Red grown aroundmint, Bright blue Prix , golden yellow buttercups anddandelions, pink-red carnations, blue forget-me-nots.

From 3000 meters and above are the eternal snow and glaciers and the impregnable rocks, almost deprived of all vegetation.

Gotable vegetation Black Sea coast. From Anapa to Novorossiysk, the slopes of the mountains are covered by a crab and oak, Rubinik and Derizhetyev. On the spurs of the Marcoth Range from Novorossiysk to Gelendzhik, curved and loweredelm, Grab and among them dogwood and hawthorn . In the area of \u200b\u200bGelendzhik there is Elm, Maple, ash, Kizil, walnut, Alycha, apple tree, pear; On the coast - Pitsundskaya Pine.

12 kilometers south of Gelendzhik is a resort village of Gianhot. Here, on the high seashore, the island of an ancient flora is preserved - Grove Pitsunda Pine. It is surrounded by holbo, maple and other trees.

For Mikhailovsky Pass Oaks, the mountains are distributed over the slopes of the mountains and rises to a height of 500 - 600 meters, then yielding the beech place. In the floodplains and on the shores of the rivers, Alder, Kalina, Buzin, Kizil, Pear are growing.

On the coast from Lazarevsky to Adler growkiparisa, Pitsundskaya, Magnolia pine, palm trees . They remain green all year round.

Parks, squares decorate a noble laurel, bamboo, yukka, a variety of palm trees. There is no such month a year so that any plants do not bloom. The gardens ripen apricots, peaches and other fruits.

The animal world of the Black Sea is diverse, but focused mainly in the upper layer. From fish fishing Have:beluga, Osperature, Serevuli, Herring , Hams, Sprots, Bream, Kefal, Study, Mackerel, Kambala. There are dolphins.

Fish in the Azov Sea:taran, Schumen , herring, sturgeon (beluga, custody, seven),tulka, Study.

In rivers and limans live:bream, Guster, Gorough, Sazan, Som and other fish. Champion here - carp, It is found everywhere. He has a good appetite, so he is growing rapidly. In general, the carp grows all his life and sometimes reaches a 1.5-meter length, and its weight comes up to 35 kg.

To the most valuable fish Believers and the fish. In the lair under Koragoi lives saturable som, its main food - frogs. Soma has strong jaws and teeth, like sharks, bent back. From such a mouth you will not break.

High B. mountain River Another fish is found - trout. She needs only pure water. And if you see this fish in a mountain river, you can safely drink water there, it is clean. Trout - predator. It is powered by worms and shallow fish, sometimes catches insects. Overcoming thresholds, trout can jump out of water by 1-1.5 meters.

The forests of the Black Sea coast save the reserves of drinking and mineral waters, protect the soil from the water and wind erosions, the columns, stonepads and landslides, soften the climate. They provide a permanent level of water in rivers, protect them from graining and crushing and thereby create conditions for reproduction of fish wealth. From the slopes of mountains that are not protected by the forest, rains are demolished for the year 100 cubic meters of land from one hectare. In such places, ravines are rapidly formed.

The forest has a certain impact on the climate and rivers that feed the fertile plains of Kuban, protects the reservoirs from drying, fields - from drought, cleanses air from harmful carbon dioxide, dust and other smallest particles. The vegetation cover of the land is called " light planet" One hectare of the forest cleans over the year 18 million cubic meters Air smoke and rich in carbon dioxide.

The forest is a wellness factor and a wonderful object for tourist hiking, excursions, walks. Forest air is clean, there are many ozone and phytoncides in it, overwhelming the development of pathogenic microbes.

Forest is also building material. The woodworking industry is developed in the Kuban. Furniture factories and associations are in Krasnodar, Armavir, Kropotkin, Absheronsk, Novorossiysk. They make wrauls and bookcases, chairs, tables, sofas ...

Unreasonable predatory extermination of any kind of animals, birds, inflicts great harm Nature. Intervidal bonds are destroyed, natural equilibrium is disturbed. Destroying the surrounding nature, people destroy themselves.

Our rivers, lakes and ponds are often contaminated with uncleanness of particularly spent waters of factories and factories. Such water is harmful. Fish in it dies. Therefore, it is necessary to guard animals, birds and fish from their unreasonable extermination.

In our region there are reserves and reserves. These are areas of terrain, where the nature is reserved in untouched. In the reserve it is impossible to chop trees, hunting birds and animals.

Schoolchildren must remember the words of the writer M.M. Svarvina, who wrote: "We are the owners of our nature, and she is a storage room with great treasures of life for us. Not only that these treasures are guarded, they must be opened and show.

For fish, clean water is needed - we will guard our reservoirs. In the forests, steppes, the mountains are different valuable animals - we will guard our forests, steppes, mountains. Fish - Water, Bird - Air, Beast - Forest, Steppe, Mountains. And man needs homeland. And protect nature - it means to guard the homeland! "

Literature:

1. Green L. Nature of the native land. - Krasnodar, 2005.
2. Lotyshev I. P. Travel through the native land. - Krasnodar, 1999.
3. Passevich N. Ya. Favorite corner of the Earth. - Kranodar, 2005.
4. Kuban's red book.
5. Internet resources.

Report on the topic " Vegetable world Krasnodar Territory "

students 6 "B" class

gymnasium 36.

Kurakova Sofia .

Plant world of the Krasnodar Territory.

According to scientists, more than 3,000 species of plants are found in the Krasnodar Territory. It's connected with geographical position, variety of relief shapes and climatic conditions. The main types of vegetation in the edge are flat and mountain. Insofar as flat part The edges are located mainly in the steppes, it is characterized by herbaceous type of plants.

The vegetation of the plain part.

The extensive part of the territory in the northern part of the region occupies steppe vegetation. She stretches from borders Rostov region To the banks of the Kuban River. Now in places where steppe wasted, drinking, water, Vika, Timofeevka, were growing, on the plowed lands growing. Herbs with therapeutic properties are specifically grown in the fields as raw materials for the medicinal industry. On the banks of the rivers in the past there were a hazel, wild almonds, and the spiny Turn formed impassable thickets. Constant cutting, forest fires destroyed a large number of Wood vegetation. Now on the watersheds of plains, you can meet oak, elder, elderberry, blackberry, etc. on the valleys of the rivers, Ivu, Black and White Topol, Olh. Within the Taman Peninsula, steppe vegetation is also found with the presence of sage, wormwood. On sandy shores, licorice is growing, syngue, alfalfa, Timofeevka, and sometimes you can even meet the barrier camel. Some of the rare thickets of trees and shrubs. In extensive plains, cultural vegetation is mainly germinated. Azovia is a smoothie and meadow-marsh complexes. Due to sufficient moisture, the limana of the priazia is rich in water vegetation. For example, this is a lily, a nifberry, water walnut, row, salvinia and varieties of algae. The shores of Limanov woven with reed, Rogoz and Kuga, which still has the name of Wollennaya wormwood. Not far from the town of Primorsko-Akhtarsk, near the hunting cords "Sadka", is one of unique placesin which the lotuses grow. This is a medicinal plant, and in Egypt and India, its fruits are eaten. A significant part of the marshes and small limans today is drained and used to grow rice. Plots of forest plants in the Azov region are found not far from the village of Marianskaya, in the protected hunting farm, Red Forest. Maple, apple tree, pear, poplar, willow, viburnum, etc. are growing here here. Sometimes you can meet oaks in 5 girths. Along the channel of the river Kuban and her left tributaries are located pointed meadows with trees and shrubs. Forest residues in the floodplain of Kuban are also preserved in forest park areas. Among them, Pavlovsky and Kyrgyz float, red Kut, located in Krasnodar neighborhoods.

Within the city trait of Krasnodar, the dendor of the Kuban Agrarian University is of great interest. It was founded in 1959 and covers an area of \u200b\u200b73 hectares. It has 1200 species of plants, not counting herbal. About 140 species were brought here from different corners Russia and other countries of the world.

The vegetation of the zubban of the plain before the human intervention was wide forests From oak, beech and shrubs. Currently, the valley is a cut down slopes. The main part of the zubban of the plain is agricultural landscapes. According to the valleys of the Kuban rivers, Laba, White and their tributaries, Alder, Verba, Hawthorn, Kalina, Crushshnik, Tern, Bузина, Rosehip, are growing, and somewhere around the sea buckthorn. On the segment from the Krasnodar reservoir to the city of Krymsk, south of the Kuban River, stretches the progress of shower, which is almost completely occupied by rice checks and fields for growing other crops.

Mountain vegetation.

The steppe and forest-steppe zone of the plain part of the edge is replaced in the south with broad and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level The main type of vegetation is oak. This is the most common tree in the mountains. Oak forms whole solid forests, covering foothills and spurs. Oak fruits eat many animals, the bark is valuable medicinal raw materials. In addition to the oak in the forests, there is a lot of ash, Ilma, Grab. Of the fruit trees are common apple trees, dogwood, wild cherry, walnut, viburnum, chestnut, from berries - gooseberry, raspberry, currant. In the deciduous forests of the Krasnodar Territory there are various herbaceous plants; High ferns, horsetails, planes. In the thickets of Lopukhov, an adult can hide freely. Other plants represent a danger to a person, while touching the skin leave painful burns (Caucasian Yasenet, Borschevik).

At an altitude of 1200 meters, oak forests are complemented by beech-fir trees, as well as aspen, alder and maple. Beautiful beeches having a powerful column-shaped trunk with light gray bark live up to 300-400 years. Wood of these trees is used in carpentry, turning and furniture manufacturing. It also gets to target, acetone. Nuts contain up to 35% oil and are suitable in small quantities.

Coniferous forests are located up to a height of 2000 meters at sea level. These are mainly Caucasian Fir and Eastern Spruce, also Nordman Fir - evergreen tree With a straight trunk, the height of which reaches 60 meters. It gives a building and an amateur forest and goes to the manufacture of paper. Oils are prepared from the needles of fir, widely used in perfumery and medicine. At open solar sites, Pine Koch is found. In the basin of the rivers of the Large and Small Laba, the forests of East Fir, which lives up to 500-600 years, the diameter of the trunk reaches 20 meters, and the height is 30 meters. These forests have important. Wood fir used to make musical instruments.

A strip of forest at an altitude of 2000 meters above sea level is replaced by subalpiy meadows with a powerful herbal cover. It also meets wood vegetation. Basically, these are birch curves, a low-spirited juniper. Most of the subalpine belt are relics. At an altitude of 2300-2500 m above sea level, such meadows are replaced by alpine. Due to the severe climate, herbal vegetation is lower and less diverse. Maximum height The herbs reaches 15 cm. Among them are some kinds of bells, chamem, taper, panyotine mint. Many plants are listed in the Red Book. But, unfortunately, a variety of agricultural activities, as well as the development of tourism, slightly changed the type of alpine meadows. Weed plants appear (Lebel's Chemeritsa, sorrel Alpine, thistle).

Gradually, with an increase in the height of vegetation, only moss and lichens are becoming. On 3000 m are gray rocks covered with snow, as well as almost devoid of all plants. Within the Krasnodar Territory, the territory of the Black Sea coast occupies a plot from Anapa to borders with Georgia. These places are divided into northern (from Anapa to Tuapse) and the southern (from Tuapse to Adler) parts. The vegetation in the Anapa area on the plains is close to the steppe, that is, predominantly herbal. Sometimes on the sandy sections of the Flora is practically absent. Only occasionally there are shrubs Tamarisk, from herbs - Ticaccus, Sage, Astragal, Esparcet. In the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk and Gelendzhik, the vegetation alternates with bare areas, which used to be good forests. Currently, the whole territory of unpaid or busy settlements. On the southern clone, the Markokht Range on the territory of the Novorossiysk Solkhaza is Sackhouse natural complex. Oak fluffy, rabinnik, as well as centenary juniper up to 5 meters, grow here.

South of Gelendzhik, the forests were preserved better due to raising relief and increase moisturizing. It is still south of such plants like ivy, Lomonos, Smilaks, and so on. At an altitude of 500-600 meters above sea level, the beech is growing, and a noble chestnut occurs near Tuapse.

Southern part The Black Sea coast is divided by climatic and natural conditions On Sochi subtropics and the jalkhid mountainous area. Sochi subtropics occupy the coast from Tuapse to the River Psou. Thanks to the abundance of the sun, palm trees and yukki grow here, cork oak, bamboo, magnolia, eucalyptus, mimosa, Japanese Camellia. In the forests of this area, scamps are growing, ivy, laurels, Pontic Rhododendron. Tea, tangerines are grown in the Adler region. In the area, the Park "Southern Cultures" is founded, where decorative trees are grown, shrubs, create a family foundation for greening parks and stems. Here is the flora of everything subtropical belt Earth. In the Prikolyhid Mountain Area forest zone It is much lower, it almost adjoins the coastal edge. The territory is covered with woody rocks. The altitude of 400-500 m is common groves. In open stony areas along the valleys of rivers to a height of 800 meters, fig is growing. In the undergrowth to the height of 2000 m, Rhododendron Pontic, Holly Colchidsky, Lavirovna grows to a height of 2400 m at an altitude of 2000 m, the alpine meadows begin, and above 2500-2800 naked rocks begin, as well as numerous snowflakes and glaciers.

Creation date: 2013/12/28

The person has developed in close cooperation with nature and most of all with a plant medium: the forest and the field became the first pharmacy for a person. Medicinal plants are most often assigned in the form of fees in which one plant strengthens the effect of another. Many patients, especially in countrysidewhere the centuries-old experience of traditional medicine has been preserved, more willingly resort to treatment with influences and decoction healing herbs. Medicinal herbs not only stop, but also expose the inflammation at any stage until the necrosis stage. At the same time, the treatment of herbs in folk medicine It does not harm the body, but only gives recovery in severe extensive burns, injuries, injuries, myocardial infarction, stroke. Made from medicinal herbs phytopreparations have their own characteristics: Gradual, slow development of the therapeutic effect, soft, moderate action.

Diversity of vegetation Kuban

"A variety of vegetable world," wrote the doctor A.P. Levitsky in essays on the history of medicine, - always uncontrollably attracted a man to him and the stronger, the closer he stood to nature. People have noticed the distinguishing properties of plants and used them in their home everyday.

Nowhere else in the country there is no such variety of vegetation as in Kuban. In total, the Kuban 160 types of medicinal plants. But the man is so mercilessly tearing them, even happens with roots, that some of them begin to disappear and tear these plants is prohibited. Lipa, oak, chestnut, blueberry and other plants are growing in the forests. They are called relic, i.e. I preserved from ancient times. Northern part - This is azo-Kuban lowland. Here is a solid steppe turned into a field.

On the slopes of the beams and ravines, on the roads of the roads you can find different herbs: drossing creeping, bitter wormwood, Lebada, mother-and-stepve and others.

Scope of medicinal plants

IN modern medicine Medicinal plants not only did not lose their positions, but they attract more close attention of scientists. There are more than 3000 drugs used by domestic medicine, 40% is produced from medicinal plants. Every year their number increases. Medicinal plants often prefer due to their small toxicity and the possibility of long-term use without manifestations of side effects.

Drying, assembly, preparation of medicinal plants

The correct billet of plants is one of the main factors for obtaining benign raw materials. Drug raw materials must be harvested only in good, dry weather, in daytime clock, when the plants will dry from rain and dew, as, covered with moisture, they slowly dry out, and at the same time their natural painting changes. During the daytime, the main mass of plants, in which the active substances are contained in the above-ground organs. Roots and rhizomes (underground organs) can be harvested at any time and with any weather, as in most cases is washed before drying. In the harvesting of medicinal plants, it is necessary to focus on those times, which are given in the calendar of the collection of medicinal plants. It is necessary to focus on the plant vegetation phase. Only those organs and parts of the plants in which accumulates maximum amount biology active substances.

When harvesting medicinal plants, it is important to select correctly need species, in a timely manner to determine the phase of their vegetation, since the number of active substances largely fluctuates depending on the growth and development of the plant. Both late and premature collection can give raw materials that does not represent any medicinal value.

The collection of medicinal material is best carried out during the maximum content in plants of active substances. As a rule, the greatest of their content in the flowers and leaves falls on a period of flowering, in the kidneys - for the period of their swelling, in underground parts (roots, rhizomes, tubers) - during the ripening period of fruits; The bark is most full in spring.

The collected plants carefully sort, removing foreign impurities, as well as irritable plants; From the roots and stems are separated by dead, rotten parts. Packaging should be completely clean, dry and odorless. You can not collect several plant species in one container at the same time. Preplanding plants are placed, perhaps more loose to prevent their warming and loss medical properties. Then plants should be postponed and allowed to squeeze, decomposing a thin layer for drying. It is not recommended to leave plants for the night in a container or bunch.

Man's Neighbors - Medicinal Plants

Hunther

The people came up with a lot of affectionate names of herbs, which for a long time helped get rid of different ailments. This is a lentra-grass, and Mokha, and many others. Among the set of plants, Hyperica used special love. He was called magic herb - a savior from a hundred illnesses. In the excavations of the Old Slavic settlements, archaeologists found the seeds of 20 herbs, among whom were St. John's wort. It is believed that the John's wort helps from diseases caused by evil spirits, witches.

For people, this plant brings one only benefit, because for a person, Zver wort is completely harmless. Therefore, in Russia, he was, as it is called, for all occasions: for example, they were picked up the mattresses, tied her grass to straw - so that the fragrance defended the child from terrible dreams and he had dreamed only good.

St. John's wig was considered a source of light that expelled any evil, eliminates longing and sadness. He was a favorite plant of many outstanding peoplebecause not only he treated the body, but also affected the soul. Today, scientists have proven the antidepressant properties of the Hypericum associated with its photosensitizing effect, and in ancient times, people were helpful considered the grass magic.

Col-stepmother ordinary

Folk Names: Fire Salad, Male Flower, Martam Flower, Sandy Flower, Tobacco Grass, Uncleushkina Leaves. This perennial plant pleases the early spring with its bright yellow inflorescences with a smell resembling the smell of honey. Long before the leaves appear, Czczuye rhizome throws the latal-free films with reddish scales and bright yellow infloresions in the fall. Only a lot later develops tuberous leaves of a rounded-heart-shaped form in the sizes in the palm, at the edges of weakly-grayscale, with gross cloths. Top of the leaves dark green. Flowers from February to March (April). It is most often met on wastehouses, in brick factories, on crubstone places, on the slopes and railway mounds, along the edges of the fields and roadside roads.

Inflorescences are assembled with good weather when the flowers completely blocked. They need to quickly dry to maintain a commodity look. However, much more than inflorescences are used for medicinal purposes. They are collected in May-June, preferably young, size in half palm and only clean, not blurred land; Because of the presence of mucus, wash it is impractical. Studies have shown that the leaves of the plants of both the plants are rich in the sun, richer in components and better than the leaves growing in the shade. It is worth paying attention to the collection. Immediately after gathering, cut the fresh leaves to speed up their drying. It is well stored only fast dried leaves.

Math and stepmother is a valuable meser from cough, especially with cough, as well as the sputum mucosa. We can make it easier for the tea from it.

Tea from coltsfoot: 2 teaspoons with top of the sliced \u200b\u200bleaves poured 1/4 l of boiling water, allowed and then filter. Patients suffering from cough must drink 1 cup of tea 3 times a day.

Along with the use of lung diseases, tea and machemia tea brings relief in irritation of the gastric and intestine mucous membrane (but then it should be dried unsuitable), as well as rinse when irritation in the oral cavity. In addition, both coltsfoot tea are also used for processing wounds and skin inflammation, with skin rashes and blood purification.

Burdock

Folk Names: Rius, Referencing.

Used parts: root.

This two-year plant reaches a height of 1-1.5 m and has a meaty to 60 cm in the length of the root from which minor branching is departed. Powerful longitudinal-grooved stem with a large core abundantly branching; Often acquires red color in separate places. On woolly-pubescent stems, sweet heart-shaped-colored leaves are sitting, on top of green, and the bottom is gray, felt-sowed; The size of the leaves is noticeably reduced from the bottom up. Blue-colored rather large inflorescences are located in the form of a loose umbrella brush. Yellowish wrappers on the end of hooked. Flowers in June-July. The burdock can often be found on the roads of the roads, in fences, walls and mounds, on wasteland and pastries, as well as along the shores of the streams.

Roots are dugged in autumn, cut into pieces and dried in the air.

Here, first of all, it should be said about the processing of the hair of the head against the dandruff. This is an oil extract from the root of the burdock, for which the olive or camphor oil is used (the preparation techniques differ very much). As a diuretic, the root root mainly came out of use and in the so-called blood-absorbing teas is less common, but it is increasingly used in disruption of the functions of the liver and gallbladder.

Basically, the root of the burdock is recommended as a blood purity, but also with violations of the liver and gallbladder. Then follow internal and external use with different skin diseases. Fluff root tea: 2 teaspoons with a top of a sliced \u200b\u200broot poured 1/2 l of cold water, after 5 hours heated quickly to a boil, boil 1 minute and filter. Dosage: 3 times a day 1 cup of tea. The larp root tea is treated and skin rashes - wet, washed or wrapped. It is not, noted that the traditional medicine also uses burdow oil.

Nettle

Used parts: Grass, seeds and rhizome.

Therefore, there is also no one who would not know what she looks like. Medicinal application Find two types of nettle - burning and downtime. The nettle is burning smaller and more tender, albeit more aggressive, and the nettle is more often used in medicine. Flowers nettle from May to July (small flowers, green, are located in the drooping spikes; plants are downtown). Both species are very common. They grow predominantly near human housing: in gardens, gardens, along the edges of the canvas, on garbage and wasteland. In May, June and July (August), they collect leaves of wild nettle, which carefully (in gloves) are separated from the stem, and then dried in the air. Fully the grass is used to prepare the spectal juice. Rhizome digging in spring or autumn, free from the land on it and dried in air or with an artificial heating (up to 40 ° C).

Perhaps because nettle is so common weed, it is used for a very long time, long before the emergence of scientific medicine. Currently, nettle leaves are used to increase the overall metabolism. They are a conventional part of the tea collection subject to rheumatism, gout, diseases of the gallbladder and liver; Parts are included in the tea fees of spring and autumn health courses.

pharmaceutical camomile

People's title: Girl flower.

Used parts: inflorescences.

Annual plant with a short root and a stalk of 20-50-cm height, which is sitting twice or three times peristracted leaves. Flowers from May to June. Chamomile - the plant is unpretentious. It is on the fields cultivated and under the ferry, on wasteland, along the roads, Kosoyram, edges and, of course, in grain crops. For a peasant, this is a healing plant - a vile weed. Chamomile collect, first of all the inflorescences, but the baths are also taken for baths and some part of the shoots with leaves. Since the quality of the chamomile largely depends on the time of collection and type of drying, it is necessary to be very neat. Best time For collecting - 3rd - 5th day after the blooming of flowers. By this time, most of the active substances are produced in it.

Chamomile is used inside and as an outdoor. Inside, you can successfully apply chamomile (in the form of tea) during sharp gastric diseases. It brings rapid relief and "soothes" the stomach, and after a short treatment eliminates the stomach disorder. As an outdoor chamomile product, due to its anti-inflammatory properties, it is used in the treatment of poorly healing wounds. Baths with chamomile additives or wet compresses on wounds - equally tested tools, how and rinse when inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth and throat.

Chamomile tea: 1-2 teaspoons with riding inflorescences Pour 1 cup of boiling water, after 10 minutes to strain. Chamomile tea Well drinking warm, but not hot.

It goes without saying, a plant with such many beneficial properties is diligently used in folk medicine. And indeed, the chamomile "trust everything."

Plantain

Plantain - an old medicinal plant. He was known to the ancient Greeks and Romans, he was highly appreciated by Arab and Persian doctors. Latin name The plantain is formed from the "Plata" (sole) and "Ager" (moving), since the leaves resemble the footprint. Motherland of the plantain - Europe. Indians nicknamed his "trail of a white man." Together with dirt, the seeds stick to the footwear passersby and traveling with them. Russian name Plants indicate places of its growing.

Plantain a long-term grassy plant with a height of 10-40 cm with one or more floral arrows. One copy of the plantain in the fall produces from 8 to 60 thousand seeds. Therefore, the plantain is very quickly spread over all the roads - where the man's leg steps. It blooms from May to September. It grows on wastehouses and weeds, near the housing, in the roads, on green meadows, fields, vegetable garden, gardens, forest edges and reservoirs.

Plantain is used as a medicinal plant. We use them on the road. Fresh plantin leaves are applied with abrasions, burns, insect bite. Dry crushed leaves are used in the form of infusion as an anti-inflammatory and expectorant for bronchitis, cough, asthma and other respiratory diseases. In scientific medicine, the grass and the leaves of the plantain are used for diseases of the stomach. Young I. gentle leaves Plantain used in nutrition. Of these, you can cook salads, soups and soup, casserole, meatballs, juices and cocktails. True, the taste shades of the plantain do not differ in variety, but it is corrected. Add a croup, nettle, onion, horseradish, pepper, mustard, salt and sauce.

Where and how to prepare the plantain? This question may initially seem idle. After all, the plantain is so widespread that it is difficult to find a place where it was not. But the plant needs to collect still not everywhere. On city streets and country roads, where many dirt should not be done. And in the field, on the meadows and near the rivers - please.

Each part of the medicinal plant is medical, but in its own way. Medicinal plants play a very large role in human life.

Kuban animals and plants

People managed to turn into chief View On the planet Earth and annually they have an increasing influence on the world around themselves. Nature defenders work on preservation rare species, Trying to compensate the losses that have carried a planet hundreds of years of human fishing activity, when many animal species were simply erased forever and remained only on old photos. Even now it is possible to save not all and the defenders of nature are forced to work not knowing the rest.

Northeast Kuban is represented by steppe lowland and steppe animals live there. These are rodents different speciesthat most They spend their lives in Norah: Susliki, mice, tushkans, also moles and hamsters. Delta Kuban is more diverse: herds are found here wild boarsThere are foxes.

• Rich and Beautiful Kuban

  Krasnodar Territory and Kuban herself in many songs. This is truly a fertile land, rich in paints, known for its smooth and mild climate. People come here every year hundreds for rest and unity with nature. Locals praise Kuban for good soil, giving a good crop every year, rich river fish, beauty high mountains and endless green meadows. Like many animals, they live here well, thanks to the climate and the surrounding atmosphere.
  However, developing its activities, a person is free or involuntarily harms nature. For the fields, the meadows are cleared and the forests, fishermen and hunters are cut down, and after an inacker picnic, there remains a lot of garbage, and sometimes it's sometimes not far from the fire.

  Animals with plants

  The defenders of nature argue that now in the Red Book there are some types of peony, Goritzvet, also a sword grass, a fern of a kind of piston of Kuban plants. And animals that need protection - caucasian otter, ferret, also drought and snake, caraway birds with a steppe eagle, also a crispy pelican. And this is only part of the list!
  Thanks to the efforts of not indifferent people, reserves were created, in the Krasnodar Territory, too, animals can dwell in their usual conditions, without fear of human influence.

  

  Plants Kuban.

  • Pinzundskaya pine - only one subspecies is found here. Grows in a narrow strip in groves among groups of other trees. For example, an 8 kilometer south of Anapa, where the slopes of the Bald Mountain begin and continues to the south of Sochi.
  • Juniper high - grows along the Black Sea coast itself, starting with Anapa further to Gelendzhik inclusive. It is also found in, Malaya Asia, also the Balkans.
  • Tis berry - it can be found more often in the Caucasus area, then the Kaliningrad region. It grows either separately or as part of a small group, significant arrays are rare.

  

  Number of lakes in the Krasnodar Territory, different sources, exceeds three hundred. They are scattered in the most different places: in the valleys that steppe rivers flow; along coastal lines Seas - Black and Azov; in lower houses the main river edges - Kuban; Among the majestic and high Caucasian mountains almost on a third of our territory.