* Purpose. Introduce children with wild animals; give an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat mammals are animals; Talk to classify them according to food features: herbivores, rodents, predators, omnivores; To tell about los, lynx, protein (appearance, habits, habitat): bring to awareness of the relationship of living and inanimate nature. Intensify the dictionary (mammals, herbivores, rodents, predators, omnivorous, hoof, smell, graceful).
* Several types of predators live in Krasnodar forests. One of them is a wolf. The wolf is very similar to the dog - more precisely good shepherd, only unlike her it is much larger and tightening. This predator is inhabited, as a rule, in the mountains and foothills. Hunt for a wolf all year round, as a result of which its number is currently about 500 individuals. These animals live families - usually a pack of 7-10 wolves, they are very clever and can adapt to different conditions. One pack - the family smokes * a certain territory, at the same time its boundaries with fragile labels. They can do without food for several days, and when there are long transitions in large territories, they may not have more than a week. If they manage to hunt, they try to eat as much food as possible. Powered by wolves is quite diverse, they do not forget with Padalu, and also feed on birds, lizards, large insects, frogs, livestock and even vegetable food. Their duration of them is up to 15 years.
* Another predator is a raccoon dog, which is actually a native from the Far East, but it passed on exactly here in the Krasnodar Territory. A dog lives in the forests - both in mixed and deciduous, but loves a hilly terrain. Also can meet in overgrown with ravines and near water bodies. It feeds on everything in a row, like wolves - Padalu, bird, insects, various reptiles and rodents. Winter raccoon dog usually sleeps, though if winter is warm, it may not go into the hibernation. In general, this is a very active predator - hunting day and night. Her fur is warm and thick, so it hunt him a lot.
* How not to mention the famous jackal? He lives in the foothills of the Krasnodar Territory and on the Black Sea coast. Loves mixed and deciduous forests, very cunning creature, resembles a little wolf, only fur has a red shade, and the tail looks very thick. Wool has a jackal long and thick. It usually weighs up to 10 kilograms. As well as wolves, they live up to 15 years and eat all that will fall. These predators are very prompt, usually hunt alone and can catch the ball in the jump. It should be noted that the jackals love fruit very much and can be easily eating grapes, watermelons, melons and even sugar cane. The love of these animals once and for all, and the male takes a very active * participation in the life of the family and the education of the cub. If at night you will hear the boack, it means that Gon began. In general, this kind of predator is very crying - he whines he before the hunt, in clear weather, especially often, but he does not like cloudy weather. Heats jackal, even if suddenly hear loud sounds, such as Siren. During the day, Jackals are hidden in Norah, and hunting in the dark. Shakals are not afraid of people, often attack the peasant houses, cause huge damage to gardens, Bakhch, plantations. This type of predator is a big sense and chooses the most juicy and ripe fruits. Shkura Shakala is not not remarkable. This predator can even tame
* There are among Kuban predators and a predator - chanterelle sister ... Lisa belongs to the pet family and can live in different conditions, it is not picky, especially loves a forest belt, where you can find a lot of small rodents. Its color is changing from gray to red-colored on the sides and the back, but belly light or gray. Lisa lives in Norah either in ravines, or on the hills. Eats mostly rodents, as well as hares, birds and earthters. Surprisingly, Lisa really loves grapes and various fruits. Her fur always attracted hunters, so it comes from this predator not sweet.
* Started in this area and raccoon - rods. He with a dog with a dog, has a fur with a brown shade, it can also be recognized by the rings on the tail of white and black face, the mass of the raccoon is up to 9 kilograms. He lives in deciduous forests and lives in the hollows of trees, but it must necessarily be near the water, coniferous forests he does not like, however, forests without water bodies too. Raccoon - the rods perfectly climbs on the trees and deftly descends down his head from them. Happy Raccoon does not go hunting and holds all the time in his lair. And at night this predator hunts on frogs, birds, different reptiles, mice. In winter, he sleeps, but his sleep is not deep. Wolves are attacked on rans, and snakes hunt them on their young. This is a very tricky animal, for example, if he cannot hide from the chase, then pretends to be dead. The meat of raccoon is edible, and the fur is very valuable.
* You can meet here and a very small representative of predators - it's caress. This is an interesting, beautiful animal, which is something similar to the ermine. I caress a long oblong body, it has very sharp claws and glands near the tail, which allocate too unpleasant smell. Weighs the caress of only 100 grams, and its body length is about 20 centimeters. She runs very quickly, climbs, jumps, smoking perfectly. Her food is mice, mouse, rabbits, chickens, pigeons, cough, frogs and insects. She hunts at any time of the day, it benefits that he destroys rodents, but harm the attacks on the chickenurs. Lake caressed up to 30 years.
* The wizard is a large beast with an elongated, flexible body of the streamlined form. Body length 5595 cm, tail 2655 cm, weight 610 kg. Short paws, with swimming pools. The tail is muscular, inappropriate. * Fur coloring: from above dark-brown, light, silver. Rough is coarse, but you will hang very thick and gentle. The structure of its body is adapted for swimming underwater: flat head, short paws, long tail and non-affecting fur. *
* In its appearance, the gleaming resembles a forest and steppe ferret, but is a smaller view than them, counting in length only from 29 to 38 cm with a tail from 15 to 22 cm. The weight of adult dressages ranges from 370 to 730. Unlike From many relative dressings of species, males and females in these animals are equally large. The physique of dressings with an elongated narrow torso and short legs corresponds to the usual physique of many kunii. The upper body is painted in dark brown tones and covered with yellow spots and stripes. The lower part of the black body. Noteworthy is the painting of their face: it is black and white, and in white color painted areas around the mouth and a wide strip stretching from the ears to the eyes, while everything else is black. Dressing ears are unusually large. The tail is fluffy with a black tassel. Shopping machine
* A very large and strong eagle of the body length of 7693 cm, the scope of wings, see the female significantly larger males, their weight varies from 3.8 to 6.7 kg, while males from 2.8 to 4.6 kg . The beak is typically eagle: high and compressed from the sides, hooking down down. Feathers on the slices are somewhat elongated sign, also occurring at the burial ground. Wings are long and wide, somewhat narrowed at the base and in the rear finger, so when the rear edge of the wing looks curved in the form of a Latin letter S; This characteristic feature is most pronounced in young birds. The tail is slightly rounded and longer than other typical eagles. By the ratio to wing width, it is more close to hawk eagles, in particular, to Eagle Dwarf, however, in contrast to it wide and in flight revealed by fan. When sailing, the bird fines the front turning feathers. Mogilnika-dwarf
Sections: Primary School
Type of lesson: game journey.
Objectives lesson:
- To acquaint children with a variety of vegetable and animal world of the Krasnodar Territory, the Red Book of Kuban: with plants and animals that are made to it, to bring environmental rules that people must create their own signs on the protection of the plant and animal world.
- Secure the skill of work in groups.
- Develop collective creative abilities, speech, thinking, ability to work with the Krasnodar Territory map, expanding the horizon.
- Relieve careful attitude towards nature.
Required resources: multimedia projector, presentation to the lesson, Map of the Krasnodar Territory, Signs for the Protection of Nature, Figures of Plants and Animals on Magnets, Plates with the names of the Zoologists, "Botany", "Erudites", the exhibition of books about the plant and animal world of Kuban , markers, 2 sheets of format A3
Information sources:
Literature:
- V.I. Borisov "Entertaining Location", Krasnodar Kuban Book Publishing House, 2005
- V.Ya. Nagalyvsky "Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory", Krasnodar Book Publishing House, 1994.
- V.A. Poles "Stories about poisonous mushrooms, animals and higher plants", Krasnodar Kuban textbook, 2000
- GK Carpenters "Animal World of Kuban" "Krasnodar Kuban Book Publishing House, 2006
- CD "Children's Encyclopedia Cyril and Methodius", 2007.
- Cd vote birds.
Internet resources
1. Site "Caucasian State Natural Biosphere Reserve" http: /www.kgpb.ru/
During the classes
Look around -
Enchants the beauty:
There is no more beautiful edge!
Glashes bread,
Green forests,
Dahl sea zeasure painted ...
Slide 1. Showing maps of different regions.
- Children, which card is a map of the Krasnodar Territory?
- Why do you think so?
Slide 2 shows only the contour of the territory of the Krasnodar Territory.
- Oh! What happened?
- On the map there is no vegetable and animal world of our region?
But our land is so beautiful and rich in the vegetable and animal world!
We must return to our forests, steppes, mountains of plants and animals.
- Are you ready to take a journey?
Let's split into 2 groups.
(Class is divided into 2 groups by the number of students)
One group will help in finding plants, and the other is in search of animals of our region. Only together we can save our edge and return the floral and animal world!
- Guys, what is the name of the science, which is studying the plants?
BOTANY
- What is the name of the science, which studies the animal world?
ZOOLOGY
- Who guessed, how will 1 group be called?
Children: 1 group will be called " Botany”
- What is the name of the 2 groups?
Children: 2 Group " Zoologs "
Together with us, the journey will be performed by representatives of the school scientific society "Erudit". They will evaluate your results and the correctness of the answers.
(A table is hanging on the board, where the chips of the erudite note the correctness of students' answers)
On the road, dear friends of nature!
- Let's remember what natural zones are our edge?
Each team solves the Cress Cross for 2 minutes: pencil to circulate the names of natural zones (steppe, forest-steppe, forest, mountains, the Black Sea coast)
Slide 3. Natural zones of the Krasnodar Territory.
On the table, each team lies leaf and felt-tip pen. It is necessary to place the letters in the correct order. Then emphasize the 1st group of plants of the edge, and the 2 group of animal edges. Give 2 minutes.
The correctness of the answers are evaluated by erudites. The table at the winner group appears a chip for the correct answer.
Work with a map.
Let's find the place of their habitat.
- Botany, in what natural zone these plants grow?
- Show on the map.
2 representatives of the group are published and fasten on the map of the image of the chastard, oak, rosehip.
- Zoologists, in what natural zone these animals live?
2 representatives of the group and attach images of the bear, bison.
Elephant "extra", because He does not live in the territory of Kuban.
The correctness of the answers are evaluated by erudites. The table at the winner group appears a chip for the correct answer.
"It is interesting!"
So we sewered our plants and animals. But rich and diverse vegetable and animal world of the Krasnodar Territory. About this manifold help us learn different sources of information: television, radio, books.
On the table, each group lies a sheet with plants information - for 1 group, sheet with animal information for 2 groups.
Slide 4. Representative of the representative of the team "Biologists"
PION WITMAN - Large leaves, up to 1m height. Flowers in April. Breeds seeds. It grows at an altitude of 600-800 meters above sea level in mountain forests. The plant is under threat of disappearance. Entered in the Red Book of the RSFSR. Create permanent reserves to restore the number of plants.
(The representative shows on the map of the edge of the growing place of this plant and attites the image)
Slide 5. The answer of the representative of the Zoologists team
Sulna - a slim animal with a length of 125 - 135 cm, 80cm, in the summer of rzavo-yellow, in winter - black and brown. Feels in herbs, branches of shrubs. Keeps with herds or small groups of 3-7 individuals. The habitats are the rocky areas of the Maykop region, the ridge of the river is piss. In the edge of 4,000 individuals.
(The representative shows on the map of the edge of the habitat of this animal and attitudes the image)
The correctness of the answers are evaluated by erudites. The table at the winner group appears a chip for the correct answer.
- Scientists found that in Kuban more than 600 animal species, 3,000 species of plants.
When they talk about Russia, Birch is always remembered.
- What do you think, what plant or animal can serve as a symbol of Kuban?
Responses of children.
Each team is given a sheet of paper and markers. We must come up and draw the edge symbol. 5 minutes is given.
(The representative of each group shows and tells about its symbol)
- Look at the map. We were able to return to our beautiful edge of plants and animals. Well done!
- You probably tired?
- Let's rest and take the halt.
Fizkultminutka
We are now all together stand up
We will rest on the privala.
Right, to the left turn.
Tight and worship.
Hands up and Hands Winch
And in place jump yes.
Here we have spread my hands
As if surprised,
And each other to the ground
The belt bowed.
Below, children, not be lazy,
Bow, smile.
- Close your eyes. Listen.
- Something too quiet around.
- Why?
Answers children (not heard bird singing).
Groups are distributed with pictures with the image of birds: cuckoo, nightingale, dint, dyatla, owls, parrot, ostrich. It is necessary to choose drawings of those birds that can be seen in Kuban.
- Show the drawings of these birds.
The correctness of the answers are evaluated by erudites. In the table, the winner group appears as many chips as the correct answers gave the team.
- In what natural zone do they live? (Forest, swamp)
- What do you know about these birds?
Responses of children.
Brain Ring
Teacher asks questions. Who is the first to give the right answer, he gets a chip.
- Which bird bag under the beak? (at Pelican)
- What kind of bird throws your eggs into the nest to other birds? (cuckoo)
- What birds do not sit on earth or water? (Striges)
- What birds are satisfied with nests in earthen nonorah? (coastal swallow, pure)
- Finished People's Speech: more birds - (above the harvest)
- I saw Skvortz - (Spring at the porch)
Theatrical moment.
Prepared children show the drainage - miniature based on the parables of L.N. Tolstoy "Chizh".
Varya:It's time for you, Chizh, sing.
Chizh:Let me be on the will, I will sing all day all day! And you come to listen to my singing.
(Options for further actions of CDI children offer themselves)
- Unreasonable, predatory extermination of animals, birds, insects, plants led to the fact that many began to disappear from the face of the Earth. To preserve the endangered species, in 1994 the Red Book of Kuban was created. It consists of 2 parts:
1 part - Plants: 157 species
2 part - animals: 102 views.
Slides 6-8. Animals and plants listed in the Red Book of Kuban.
Fellow, doodroke, man!
Before nature, we are in debt.
And it will be wented by your age
Grass fragrant in the meadow!
And birds in a cheerful call
And the noisy sprill of the spring.
And the bunches of Ryabina fine.
And blue eye cornflower,
And fresh aroma of herbs
And groves with noise and oak.
Each group is invited to draw a sign on the topic: "Nature Protection" and make environmental rules. 7 minutes is given.
Erudites estimate the originality and correctness of the work performed.
People understood that nature is in danger, so there were places where it is forbidden to burn fires, collect mushrooms and berries, hunting and fishing.
- What are the places created by man called?
Children: Reserves.
- There are reserves in the Krasnodar Territory?
Children: Caucasian Biosphere Reserve.
Show on the map of the Krasnodar Territory of the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve.
- Where it is located?
Children: located between Sochi and Maykop, mainly on the northern and southern slopes of the Chief Caucasus Range.
- Who lives in this reserve?
Slide 10 Animal Peace Reserve
Children write the names of animals seen on the slide.
Slide 11 floral world of the reserve.
Children record the names of the plants seen on the slide. 2 minutes is given
Erudites evaluate the correctness of the group's answers
We have worked very well with you. Look at the edge map. We returned with you a rich and diverse world of native Kuban. At the end of our trip you will have a mini-test.
Each participant is given a mini test. Within 3 minutes, the participants choose and mark the correct answer.
The Botany Group and Zoologs group separately give their tests to erudites. The total number of correct answers is determined in each group. The winning - gets a chip.
Then the slides is given the key to mini-test.
Slides 12 - 15
1. What is the forest?
A) Extensive terrain, occupied only by herbs.
B) Extensive terrain engaged in trees, shrubs, herbs.
2. Fruits of which plant is poisonous?
A) Kalina;
B) oak;
IN) Caucasian beautification.
3. What animals are made to the Red Book of Kuban?
A) starlats;
B) hare;
IN) Chamois.
4. What is the role of animal plants?
A) animals walk on plants.
B) Plants are animal feed.
C) plants are shelter for large animals.
Erudites are summarized and announce the results of the journey.
So it came to the end our journey. We were able to return the beauty of the native land, to get acquainted with the diversity of the vegetable and animal world of Kuban.
We, its inhabitants were fortunate enough to live in the most picturesque corner of Russia.
Song "Major Kind" sounds performed by students.
Georgievskaya Tatiana
Download:
Preview:
Early sightseeing tour
Work completed
student 4 "a" class
Georgievskaya Tatiana
In the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, vegetation is distributed over zones. Here the latitudinal and vertical zonality is pronounced. The zone of the steppe occupies the entire Azov-Kuban Plain. In the nearby past it was a divergent-Tipacchal-Watch steppe. Currently, almost all of it is disassembled and turned into unbarrible collective farm and peasant-farmer fields, where they cultivatewheat, Corn, Sugar Beet, Sunflower , barley, vegetable bug cultures. In total, there are more than 3 thousand species of plants in the region.
Along the roads, on the slopes of the beams and on the tops of the Kurgans, you can meet wild grassy plants: powder creeping,buttercup wild, donon yellow,halfweight bitter, plantain, mother and mazehu, Swan , Osima field, St. John's wort, immortelle. In forest belts - oak, nut, acacia and other species of trees.
In the northeastern part of the edge, in the Kubano-Priazovskoye lowland, the steppe animals are common. Field live heremice, Susliki, Moles, Sharp hamsters. They are all harm to agriculture. Live in nonorah, feed on grain, leaves. From predators are foundlisers, caress, ferrets. From birds - larks, quail , gray partridges,crows, Soroki . There are predatory -korean, owls, owls, Lun Steppe.
In Delta Kuban, in smoothies and limans are commonsingle, Rogoz, Ramysh, Yellow Sweatshirts , Water lilies, water walnut. Here are wild boars, foxes, waterfowl:pelicans, Seagulls, Ducks, Chibisats, Keeps, Guice, Herons , sometimes arriveswans . Ondatra lives in Limanan. In the smoothies of the Kalininsky district there is the largest multi-water colony of aistoid in the region.
On the right bank of Kuban, not far from the village of Ivanovo, an array spreadRed forest (5200 hectares). This is the remainder of the forests, who used to be the coast of Kuban before her low-levels. Narrow forest strips are preserved on average river flow. Oak, Iva, Maple, ash, apple tree, hawthorn, rosehip are growing in the Red Forest; Reindeer, roar, boars, hares.
Depending on the height above sea level and related changes in climatic, soil and other conditions, not only the overall nature of vegetation varies sharply, but also the appearance of plants.
As the relief increases the steppe goes into the forest-steppe, and the last one in the forest zone. The forest-steppe stretched out the relatively non-trap band in the left bank of the Kuban, covering the zubban tilting plain and low (mainly up to 600 m) part of the previations. About 50% of Square - shrubs and partly broad-sized forests (oak, grob, maple, hazel, dogwood).
Kuban forests occupy 1.7 million hectares and are characterized by extremely valuable rocks. In the region, approximately 30% oak is focused, over 80% of beech and about 90% of the chestnut plantations of Russia. The main part of the forests falls on foothills, mountainous areas and the Black Sea coast.
The vegetation in the mountains forms three belts: forest, subalpine and alpine.
The forest area is divided into two belts: wide and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level, predominantly oak forests are growing with an admixture of a grab, ash, Ilma, as well as fruit trees (pear, apple tree, dogwood). Oak forests are replaced by beech belt. At an altitude of 1200 meters, Caucasian fir is joined to them. From 1300 to 1800 meters coniferous forests, consisting of Caucasian fir and east fir predominate. The needles of the fir are softer and a little wider than the needles ate.
In the mountains and foothills, the abundance of forest fruits and juicy meal herbs. This creates favorable conditions for the habitat of animals and birds. In oak and beech forests graze with small herds wild pigs. Unlike domestic, wild pigs are somewhat shorter and higher on the legs. Old boars reach 100-150 kg of weight. They are covered with thick, coarse bristle dark-brown, and sometimes almost black. The male has fangs.
In large forests, there are small, rising with a home goat, roeli, in their appearance resembling deer. The horns have only males. Industion bear, wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, badger, fox, cunning. On the banks of the rivers - mink and otter. They dive well and swim, feed on fish, frogs.
From the reptiles there are: Claws - ordinary and water, Vijuki - Steppe and Viguka Kosnakova (meets high in the mountains), a non-free lizard of the spray and yellowopus.
In the morning, the forest and the pre-burning valleys are filled with singing and twitter of various birds. Skinking Soroki, whistlingdrozda, bug cuckoo, cross off the couch , busty from streamswalkGules shook out the tail; The coast of the rivers hears melodic entanglement of the yellow-lemon escorts, quickly rush for the preycobchiki , methodically tapping about the bark of the stems of the forests of forests -dyatli. Sorry Sorokoputa hunt insects. Yurkaya Golden pure chasing behind bees, bumblebees, grabbing them on the summer with their long thin beak. Owls fly here, Filin, Skvorts, Dubonos, Schoeglas, Kingfisher, Tits, and high in the mountains - CaucasiantETEREV, Mountain turkey - Ulary.
On ripples rivers settleblue soffering, field sparrows and coastal swallows.
Birds bring great benefits to the national economy, destroying harmful insects and rodents. For example, one swallow catches more than a thousand pests of plants per day. Hundreds of trees are saved by the woodpeckers, drinking the larvae of the beetles, hidden under the crust. Owl for the summer destroys a thousand mice, and each mouse eats 1 kg of grain per year. It turns out that only one owl retains us a ton of bread per year.
Not all feathered inhabit us all year round. Many people live in the summer, bring chicks, and fall in the fall in warmer edges. There are about 320 species of birds in Kuban.
Soil contamination, air led to a sharp reduction in the number of insectivore birds: Skvortsov, swallows, Sparrow. But the number of raven, pigeons increased. Urban lumps serve them with an excellent feed database.
At an altitude of 1800 - 2,200 meters above sea level lies the belt of subalpine vegetation. Stretchsubalpian meadows And cryproin with a shrub beech and mountain maple. Subalpian meadows are rich pastures. In the summer, there is a cattle and octara sheep here.
Above subalpine meadows, starting from heights of 2300 - 2500 and up to 2800 - 3000 meters above sea level, the belt of the Alpine meadows of the North-West Caucasus extends (in other parts of the Caucasus it is much higher). Harsh here nature. Only in August, the glades are freed from snow.
As a split change! In the subalpine zone, everything is great and magnificently, and in the Alpine the same plants, but from 4 to 15 centimeters with an increase in the growing form. The brightness of the color, the color of flowers on the rocky glades, surrounded by rocks and snow. Red grown aroundmint, Bright blue Prix , golden yellow buttercups anddandelions, pink-red carnations, blue forget-me-nots.
From 3000 meters and above are the eternal snow and glaciers and the impregnable rocks, almost deprived of all vegetation.
Diverse vegetation of the Black Sea coast. From Anapa to Novorossiysk, the slopes of the mountains are covered by a crab and oak, Rubinik and Derizhetyev. On the spurs of the Marcoth Range from Novorossiysk to Gelendzhik, curved and loweredelm, Grab and among them dogwood and hawthorn . In the area of \u200b\u200bGelendzhik there is Elm, Maple, ash, Kizil, Walnut, Alycha, Apple, Pear; On the coast - Pitsundskaya Pine.
12 kilometers south of Gelendzhik is a resort village of Gianhot. Here, on the high seashore, the island of an ancient flora is preserved - Grove Pitsunda Pine. It is surrounded by holbo, maple and other trees.
For Mikhailovsky Pass Oaks, the mountains are distributed over the slopes of the mountains and rises to a height of 500 - 600 meters, then yielding the beech place. In the floodplains and on the shores of the rivers, Alder, Kalina, Buzin, Kizil, Pear are growing.
On the coast from Lazarevsky to Adler growkiparisa, Pitsundskaya, Magnolia pine, palm trees . They remain green all year round.
Parks, squares decorate a noble laurel, bamboo, yukka, a variety of palm trees. There is no such month a year so that any plants do not bloom. The gardens ripen apricots, peaches and other fruits.
The animal world of the Black Sea is diverse, but focused mainly in the upper layer. From fish, commercial importance is:beluga, Osperature, Serevuli, Herring , Hams, Sprots, Bream, Kefal, Study, Mackerel, Kambala. There are dolphins.
Fish in the Azov Sea:taran, Schumen , herring, sturgeon (beluga, custody, seven),tulka, Study.
In rivers and limans live:bream, Guster, Gorough, Sazan, Som and other fish. Champion here - carp, It is found everywhere. He has a good appetite, so he is growing rapidly. In general, the carp grows all his life and sometimes reaches a 1.5-meter length, and its weight comes up to 35 kg.
The most valuable fish includes fish and seamless. In the lair under Koragoi lives saturable som, its main food - frogs. Soma has strong jaws and teeth, like sharks, bent back. From such a mouth you will not break.
High in the mountain rivers are another fish - trout. She needs only clean water. And if you see this fish in a mountain river, you can safely drink water there, it is clean. Trout - predator. It is powered by worms and shallow fish, sometimes catches insects. Overcoming thresholds, trout can jump out of water by 1-1.5 meters.
The forests of the Black Sea coast save the reserves of drinking and mineral waters, protect the soil from the water and wind erosions, the columns, stonepads and landslides, soften the climate. They provide a permanent level of water in rivers, protect them from graining and crushing and thereby create conditions for reproduction of fish wealth. From the slopes of mountains that are not protected by the forest, rains are demolished for the year 100 cubic meters of land from one hectare. In such places, ravines are rapidly formed.
The forest has a certain impact on the climate and rivers that feed the fertile plains of Kuban, protects the reservoirs from drying, fields - from drought, cleanses air from harmful carbon dioxide, dust and other smallest particles. The vegetation cover of the land is called "light planets". One hectare of the forest cleans over the year 18 million cubic meters of air smoke and rich carbon dioxide.
The forest is a wellness factor and a wonderful object for tourist hiking, excursions, walks. Forest air is clean, there are many ozone and phytoncides in it, overwhelming the development of pathogenic microbes.
Forest is also building material. The woodworking industry is developed in the Kuban. Furniture factories and associations are in Krasnodar, Armavir, Kropotkin, Absheronsk, Novorossiysk. They make wrauls and bookcases, chairs, tables, sofas ...
The unreasonable predatory extermination of any kind of animal, birds, is harmful to nature. Intervidal bonds are destroyed, natural equilibrium is disturbed. Destroying the surrounding nature, people destroy themselves.
Our rivers, lakes and ponds are often contaminated with uncleanness of particularly spent waters of factories and factories. Such water is harmful. Fish in it dies. Therefore, it is necessary to guard animals, birds and fish from their unreasonable extermination.
In our region there are reserves and reserves. These are areas of terrain, where the nature is reserved in untouched. In the reserve it is impossible to chop trees, hunting birds and animals.
Schoolchildren must remember the words of the writer M.M. Svarvina, who wrote: "We are the owners of our nature, and she is a storage room with great treasures of life for us. Not only that these treasures are guarded, they must be opened and show.
For fish, clean water is needed - we will guard our reservoirs. In the forests, steppes, the mountains are different valuable animals - we will guard our forests, steppes, mountains. Fish - Water, Bird - Air, Beast - Forest, Steppe, Mountains. And man needs homeland. And protect nature - it means to guard the homeland! "
Literature:
- Green L. Nature of the native land. - Krasnodar, 2005.
- Lotyshev I. P. Travel through the native land. - Krasnodar, 1999.
- Passevich N. Ya. Favorite corner of the Earth. - Kranodar, 2005.
- Kuban's red book.
- Internet resources.
Plant world of the Krasnodar Territory
According to scientists, more than 3,000 species of plants are found in the Krasnodar Territory. This is due to the geographical position, the manifold of relief forms and climatic conditions. The main types of vegetation in the edge are flat and mountain. Since the plain part of the region is located mainly in the steppes, it is characterized by herbaceous type of plants.
The vegetation of the plain part
The extensive part of the territory in the northern part of the region occupies steppe vegetation. It stretches from the borders of the Rostov region to the banks of the Kuban River. Now in places where steppe wasted, drinking, water, Vika, Timofeevka, were growing, on the plowed lands growing. Herbs with therapeutic properties are specifically grown in the fields as raw materials for the medicinal industry. On the banks of the rivers in the past there were a hazel, wild almonds, and the spiny Turn formed impassable thickets. Standing cuttings, forest fires destroyed a large amount of wood vegetation. Now on the watersheds of plains, you can meet oak, elder, elderberry, blackberry, etc. on the valleys of the rivers, Ivu, Black and White Topol, Olh. Within the Taman Peninsula, steppe vegetation is also found with the presence of sage, wormwood. On sandy shores, licorice is growing, syngue, alfalfa, Timofeevka, and sometimes you can even meet the barrier camel. Some of the rare thickets of trees and shrubs. In extensive plains, cultural vegetation is mainly germinated. Azovia is a smoothie and meadow-marsh complexes. Due to sufficient moisture, the limana of the priazia is rich in water vegetation. For example, this is a lily, a nifberry, water walnut, row, salvinia and varieties of algae. The shores of Limanov woven with reed, Rogoz and Kuga, which still has the name of Wollennaya wormwood. Not far from the town of Primorsko-Akhtarsk, near the hunting ski "Sadka", is one of the unique places in which the lotuses grow. This is a medicinal plant, and in Egypt and India, its fruits are eaten. A significant part of the marshes and small limans today is drained and used to grow rice. Plots of forest plants in the Azov region are found not far from the village of Marianskaya, in the protected hunting farm, Red Forest. Maple, apple tree, pear, poplar, willow, viburnum, etc. are growing here here. Sometimes you can meet oaks in 5 girths. Along the riverbed of the Kuban River and its left tributaries there are floodplain meadows with trees and shrubs. Forest residues in the floodplain of Kuban are also preserved in forest park areas. Among them, Pavlovsky and Kyrgyz float, red Kut, located in Krasnodar neighborhoods.
The vegetation of the buying plain before the human intervention was wide forests of oak, beech and shrubs. Currently, the valley is a cut down slopes. The main part of the zubban of the plain is agricultural landscapes. According to the valleys of the Kuban rivers, Laba, White and their tributaries, Alder, Verba, Hawthorn, Kalina, Crushshnik, Tern, Bузина, Rosehip, are growing, and somewhere around the sea buckthorn. On the segment from the Krasnodar reservoir to the city of Krymsk, south of the Kuban River, stretches the progress of shower, which is almost completely occupied by rice checks and fields for growing other crops.
Mountain vegetation
The steppe and forest-steppe zone of the plain part of the edge is replaced in the south with broad and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level The main type of vegetation is oak. This is the most common tree in the mountains. Oak forms whole solid forests, covering foothills and spurs. Oak fruits eat many animals, the bark is valuable medicinal raw materials. In addition to the oak in the forests, there is a lot of ash, Ilma, Grab. Of the fruit trees are common apple trees, dogwood, wild cherry, walnut, viburnum, chestnut, from berries - gooseberry, raspberry, currant. In the deciduous forests of the Krasnodar Territory there are various herbaceous plants; High ferns, horsetails, planes. In the thickets of Lopukhov, an adult can hide freely. Other plants represent a danger to a person, while touching the skin leave painful burns (Caucasian Yasenet, Borschevik).
Coniferous forests are located up to a height of 2000 meters at sea level. These are mainly the Caucasian Fir and Eastern Spruce, also the fir of Nordman - evergreen tree with a direct barrel, whose height reaches 60 meters. It gives a building and an amateur forest and goes to the manufacture of paper. Oils are prepared from the needles of fir, widely used in perfumery and medicine. At open solar sites, Pine Koch is found. In the basin of the rivers of the Large and Small Laba, the forests of East Fir, which lives up to 500-600 years, the diameter of the trunk reaches 20 meters, and the height is 30 meters. These forests are important. Wood fir used to make musical instruments.
Gradually, with an increase in the height of vegetation, only moss and lichens are becoming. On 3000 m are gray rocks covered with snow, as well as almost devoid of all plants. Within the Krasnodar Territory, the territory of the Black Sea coast occupies a plot from Anapa to borders with Georgia. These places are divided into northern (from Anapa to Tuapse) and the southern (from Tuapse to Adler) parts. The vegetation in the Anapa area on the plains is close to the steppe, that is, predominantly herbal. Sometimes on the sandy sections of the Flora is practically absent. Only occasionally there are shrubs Tamarisk, from herbs - Ticaccus, Sage, Astragal, Esparcet. In the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk and Gelendzhik, the vegetation alternates with bare areas, which used to be good forests. Currently, the entire territory of plague or is busy by settlements. In the southern clone, the MarcCht Range on the territory of the Novorossiysk Selhost is the Shaced Natural Complex. Oak fluffy, rabinnik, as well as centenary juniper up to 5 meters, grow here.
Animals are inhabitants of natural zones.
The protection of the organic world of the Krasnodar Territory
1. Determine the meaning of terms.
Population - A long-term combination of individuals of one species.
Areal - This is an area on the surface of the Earth or water, which is occupied by one or another type of plants, animals, fish.
Relic - The thing, phenomenon or body, preserved as a relic of ancient epoch.
2. Using the reception "Fishboy", make a scheme "Animal world of natural complexes of the Krasnodar Territory.
3. Sold out the chainvord in which the names of animals living in the territory of the Krasnodar Territory are encrypted and in the Black Sea, and write down which of them are listed in the Red Book.
In the Red Book AFALINA, Mink, Triton
4. Mark the + faithful statements.
- species diversity of the animal of the steppe zone does not depend on human activity
- In the Azov region, waterfowls live: Hamster, caress, Yozh, Hare, Badger
+ Zakuban's plain inhabited both steppe and forest representatives of the animal world.
- among predators in our region the largest - bison
+ The smallest predator living in the region is caressing.
5. Make a list of the largest environmental organizations operating in the territory of the Krasnodar Territory. Use information placed on the website of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Krasnodar Territory (MPRKK.ru). Find out if there are specially protected natural territories in your area, including the Botanical Monuments of Nature. Prepare about one of them a small message.
- World Wildlife Fund. Separed division Department Russian Caucasus
- Rosprirodnadzor Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Management on the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea
- Azov-Black Sea Basin Office for Fisheries and Conservation of Water Biological Resources
- Regional Information and Analytical Center for Environmental Monitoring
- Kuban Environmental Company
- Kuban State Agrarian University Research Institute of Applied and Experimental Environment
- Kuban Ecological Center
- Center for legal protection and ecology
Nature monuments
Plates Two Tree for 150 years - Botanical Monument of Nature in Krasnodar, Oak Giant - Monument of Nature Since 1978 in Krasnodar, Gorky Park is a valid natural and historical cultural monument. In the square named after Zhukov are the Botanical Monuments of Culture 100 - Summer Platas Clenoliste "Handsaws".
6. Reflect on the statement of the Russian writer Mikhail Svavina: "In nature, everything one with another is connected, and there is nothing casual in it. And if a random phenomenon comes out - look for a man's hand in it." Write a slight writing-reasoning. Reflect in it natural features of the Krasnodar Territory and the role of a person in environmental conversion.
In nature, everything was exhausted without years and not even thousands of years, but by millions of years. It is all harmonious. This was written not only by Privhan. Einstein argued that in nature there is nothing casual, and if something seems to us by random, then this is only the result of our incomplete knowledge. Unfortunately, a person often plays a destructive role in nature, environmental problems arise due to its activities. First of all, it is pollution of water and exhaustion of water resources. In the reservoirs there is a decrease in species and the number of fish. In the Krasnodar Territory proceeds the Kuban river, whose water does not comply with security standards. It is forbidden to swim in the reservoir, so local beaches were liquidated.
Another problem is soil erosion and a decrease in their fertility, especially in the distinguished areas. Some natural monuments are still destroyed, such as national parks. Rare types of flora and fauna disappear in the region.
One of the significant ecological problems of the Krasnodar Territory is pollution of oil and petroleum products. Because of some accidents, the situation reached a plight. The greatest leaks were seen in such settlements: Tuapse; Yeisk; Tikhoretsk.
Kerosene and gasoline leaks occur on the refuses. Under the ground, lenses appeared in these places, where petroleum products were concentrated. They pollute the soil and groundwater.
It's time to realize that it is necessary to take care of nature and protect it for the sake of the continuation of our life on Earth.
In the northeastern part of the edge, in the Kubano-Priazovskoye lowland, the steppe animals are common. Field mice, gopters, tushkars, moles, hamsters are inhabited here. They are all harm to agriculture. Live in nonorah, feed on grain, leaves. From predators there are foxes, caress, ferrets. From birds - larks, quail, gray partridges, crows, Soroki. There are predatory - cores, owls, owls, Lun Steppe.
In the gardens and parks you can see chaffins, sinicles, oatmeam, starlats.
In the Kuban Delta, wild boars, foxes, waterfowl are found in smoothies and limans: Pelicans, seagulls, ducks, chibisms, horses, geese, herons, sometimes fly swans. In Limanov lives ondatra. In the floors of the Kalininsky district there is the largest multi-shaped colony of aistoids in the region.
Fauna forests
In the mountains and foothills, the abundance of forest fruits and juicy meal herbs. This creates favorable conditions for the habitat of animals and birds. In oak and beech forests graze with small herds wild pigs. Unlike domestic, wild pigs are somewhat shorter and higher on the legs. Old boars reach 100-150 kilograms of weight. They are covered with thick, coarse bristle dark brown, and sometimes almost black. The male has fangs.
In large forests, there are small, rising with a home goat, roeli, in their appearance resembling deer. The horns have only males. Industion bear, wolf, jackal, raccoon dog, badger, fox, cunning. On the banks of the rivers - mink and otter. They dive well and swim, feed on fish, frogs.
From the reptiles there are: Claws - ordinary and water, Vijuki - Steppe and Viguka Kosnakova (meets high in the mountains), a non-free lizard of the spray and yellowopus.
In the morning, the forest and the pre-burning valleys are filled with singing and twitter of various birds.
Predators of the Krasnodar Region
Spearfish Soroki, whistling frozards, eat cuckoo, bumps echoes, busting with the streams of the shaking, shook out the tail; The coast of the rivers heard melodic entanglements of the yellow-lemon organizgh, quickly rush for the extraction of Cobschiki, teaching the bark of the stems of forests - Dyatly. Provinal Sorokoputs hunt insects. Yurki golden pure chasing bees, bumblebees, grabbing them on the summer with their long thin beak. Owls fly here, Filin, Skzorts, Dubonos, Schoeglas, Kingfisher, Tits, and high in the mountains - Caucasian TETEREV, mountain turkey. Blue sorripes, field sparrows and coastal swallows are settled on the river banks.
Birds bring great benefits to the national economy, destroying harmful insects and rodents. For example, one swallow catches more than a thousand pests of plants per day. Hundreds of trees are saved by the woodpeckers, drinking the larvae of the beetles, hidden under the crust. Owl for the summer destroys a thousand mice, and each mouse eats 1 kilogram of grain per year. It turns out that only one owl retains us a ton of bread per year.
Not all feathered inhabit us all year round. Many people live in the summer, bring chicks, and fall in the fall in warmer edges. There are about 320 species of birds in Kuban.
The contamination of the soil, air led to a sharp reduction in the number of insectivore birds: Skvortsov, swallows, Vorobyov. But the number of raven, pigeons increased. Urban lumps serve them with an excellent feed database.
The animal world of the Black Sea is diverse, but focused mainly in the upper layer. Beluga, ceremony, sorry, herring, hums, sprats, bream, kefal, stavride, mackerel, Kambala have from fish from fish. There are dolphins. Fish in the Azov Sea: Taran, herring, sturgeon (Beluga, Osperature, Sevryuga), Tulka, Shnaya, Study.
In rivers and limans, they live: bream, guster, horse, sazan, catfish and other fish.
The Krasnodar Territory is in the south of our country, therefore it is much warmer here than, for example, in the Moscow region. In the Kubano-Priazovskoye lowland, in the foothills and mountains, on the Black Sea coast and the Taman Peninsula at the same time, you can observe different weather. For each year of year, its weather is characteristic. These annually repetitive weather features and make up the climate of the locality. It depends on the geographical position, the proximity of the seas, the terrain and dominant winds. The climate of most of our land is moderately continental, on the Black Sea coast (South Tuapse) - subtropical - wet.
The territory of the Kuban Plain is open from the north, that is, is available to the action of the Arctic air masses.
The formation of the weather has some influence cyclones and anticyclones. Cyclones (air masses with reduced atmospheric pressure) usually bring rainy, unstable weather. Anticyclones (air flows with increased atmospheric pressure) contribute to the establishment of sustainable weather, warm summer and cold winter.
With the eastern and northeastern winds, the summer is dry and hot weather. Winter from these winds are cold. A particularly sharp decrease in temperature is observed in the breakthrough in the predfaccise of the Arctic air masses. The air temperature drops to minus 20-25 °.
The winds of southwestern directions in the summer bring coolness and rains, in winter - thaw and precipitation in the form of snow and rain.
Local winds also affect climate. These include Bristia and Fin.
Fena - Warm, dry winds, minor, often in October - December. There are cases when in December with such wind, the air temperature in Krasnodar reached 15-20 ° heat. Fenoi are observed on the Black Sea coast, in the mountain and foothill and (weakened) on the Kuban-Priazovskaya lowland duration up to 1-2 days.
Breeze, or coastal winds, blow on the coast of the Black and Azov Seas, during the day from the sea to land, at night - from sushi to the sea.
The Black Sea in the summer cools the coast of breezes, in winter, on the contrary, heats, giving heat accumulated on hot days. High Caucasian Mountains delay cold air flows running from the north.
Cold Northeast (Nord-Ost) Wind blowing from hurricane power, called bore. Strong Nord-esks prevail in winter when a large barometric pressure difference is observed on land (high) and at sea (low).
The greatest wind speed is marked in the north-west of the Blackwood coast in the area of \u200b\u200bNovorossiysk. The air temperature decreases to 15-18 ° frost.
For a year, it is usually about 50 days with a bore (more often in November and March). The wind speed reaches 45-50 meters per second (with gusts up to 100 m / s). Boro often leads to the icing of courts standing in the bay, makes great damage to urban economy.
In the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, vegetation is distributed over zones. Here the latitudinal and vertical zonality is pronounced. The zone of the steppe occupies the entire Kuban-Priazovskaya lowland. In the near-past past it was a dreadful-tipper-nice steppe. Currently, almost all of it is placed and turned into unbarrible collective farm and peasant-farm fields, where they cultivate wheat, corn, sugar beets, sunflower, barley, vegetable-mudflower cultures. In total, there are more than 3 thousand species of plants in the region.
Along the roads, on the slopes of the beams and on the tops of the Kurgans, you can meet wilder grassy plants: powder creeping, the buttercup is wild, the donel is yellow, wormwood bitter, plantain, mother-and-mazehu, Swan, Osima Field, John's wort, immorter. In forest belts - oak, nut, acacia and other species of trees.
On the right bank of the Kuban, not far from the village of Ivanovo, an array of red forest (5200 hectares) spread. This is the remainder of the forests, who used to be the coast of Kuban before her low-levels. Narrow forest strips are preserved on average river flow. In the Red Forest grow oak, whale, maple, ash, apple tree, hawthorn, rosehip; Reindeer, roar, boars, hares. Depending on the height above sea level and related changes in climatic, soil and other conditions, not only the overall nature of vegetation varies sharply, but also the appearance of plants.
As the relief increases the steppe goes into the forest-steppe, and the last one in the forest zone. The forest-steppe stretched out the relatively non-trap band in the left bank of the Kuban, covering the zubban tilting plain and low (mainly up to 600 m) part of the previations. About 50% of Square - shrubs and partly broad-sized forests (oak, grob, maple, hazel, dogwood).
Kuban forests occupy 1.7 million hectares and are characterized by extremely valuable rocks. In the region, approximately 30% oak is focused, over 80% of beech and about 90% of the chestnut plantations of Russia. The main part of the forests falls on foothills, mountainous areas and the Black Sea coast.
Vegetation in the mountains forms three belts: forest, subalpine and alpine.
The forest area is divided into two belts: wide and coniferous forests. Up to 700 meters above sea level, predominantly oak forests are growing with an admixture of a grab, ash, Ilma, as well as fruit trees (pear, apple tree, dogwood). Oak forests are replaced by beech belt. At an altitude of 1200 meters, Caucasian fir is joined to them. From 1300 to 1800 meters coniferous forests, consisting of Caucasian fir and east fir predominate. The needles of the fir are softer and a little wider than the needles ate.
At an altitude of 1800-2200 meters above sea level lies the belt of subalpine vegetation. Satisfied subalpine meadows and cryproin with a shrub bug and mountain cleaves. Subalpian meadows are rich pastures. In the summer, there is a cattle and octara sheep here.
Above subalpine meadows, starting from heights of 2300-2500 and up to 2800-3000 meters above sea level, extends the belt of the Alpine meadows of the North-West Caucasus (in other parts of the Caucasus it is much higher). Harsh here nature. Only in August, the glades are freed from snow.
As a split change! In the subalpine zone, everything is great and magnificently, and in the Alpine the same plants, but from 4 to 15 centimeters with an increase in the growing form. The brightness of the color, the color of flowers on the rocky glades, surrounded by rocks and snow. Red mints grow around, bright blue guilty, golden yellow buttercups and dandelions, pink-red carnations, blue forget-me-not.
From 3000 meters and above are the eternal snow and glaciers and the impregnable rocks, almost deprived of all vegetation.
Diversified the vegetation of the Black Sea coast. From Anapa to Novorossiysk, the slopes of the mountains are covered by a crab and oak, Rubinik and Derizhetyev. On the spurs of the Marcoth Range from Novorossiysk to Gelendzhik, curved and low-spirited elms, Grab and among them a dog and hawthorn are growing. In the area of \u200b\u200bGelendzhik there is Elm, Maple, ash, Kizil, Walnut, Alycha, Apple, Pear; On the coast - Pitsundskaya Pine.
12 kilometers south of Gelendzhik is a resort village of Gianhot. Here, on the high seashore, the island of an ancient flora is preserved - Grove Pitsunda Pine. It is surrounded by holbo, maple and other trees.
For Mikhailovsky Pass Oaks, the mountains are distributed over the slopes of the mountains and rises to a height of 500-600 meters, then leaving the beech place. In the floodplains and on the shores of the rivers, Alder, Kalina, Buzin, Kizil, Pear are growing.
On the coast from Lazarevsky to Adler, cypresses, pine pitsundskaya, magnolia, palm trees are growing. They remain green all year round.
Parks, squares decorate a noble laurel, bamboo, yukka, a variety of palm trees. There is no such month a year so that any plants do not bloom. The gardens ripen apricots, peaches and other fruits.
The forests of the Black Sea coast save the reserves of drinking and mineral waters, protect the soil from the water and wind erosions, the columns, stonepads and landslides, soften the climate. They provide a permanent level of water in rivers, protect them from graining and crushing and thereby create conditions for reproduction of fish wealth. From the slopes of mountains that are not protected by the forest, rains are demolished for the year 100 cubic meters of land from one hectare. In such places, ravines are rapidly formed.
The forest has a certain impact on the climate and rivers that feed the fertile plains of Kuban, protects the reservoirs from drying, fields - from drought, cleanses air from harmful carbon dioxide, dust and other smallest particles. The vegetation cover of the land is called "light planets". One hectare of the forest cleans over the year 18 million cubic meters of air smashed and rich in carbon dioxide.
The forest is a wellness factor and a wonderful object for tourist hiking, excursions, walks. Forest air is clean, there are many ozone and phytoncides in it - substances overwhelming the development of pathogenic microbes.
Forest is also building material. The woodworking industry is developed in Kuban. Furniture factories and associations are in Krasnodar, Armavir, Kropotkin, Absheronsk, Novorossiysk. They make wrauls and bookcases, chairs, tables, sofas ...
Very diverse, what only the representatives of the fauna do not meet here ... This abundance can be explained by a soft climate and a rich floral world.
The resettlement of animals on the ground, mainly depends on the natural conditions. Lakes, rivers and the sea, forests and steppes are populated by a variety of animals. Here you can meet both terrible predators, and innocuous small rodents.
One of the most dangerous animal edges can be called a brown bear. Its mass can reach 300kg, and the body of the length is 2m. In addition to this predatory beast, in the forests of Kuban safely live lyry, reaching in length 110cm. These beauties are found in the Abinsky, Mostovsky, Seversky and hot-moving areas.
The petty predators are very common. The most valuable animals that are famous for their wonderful fur are raccoons. And the rare animal that meets in Kuban is a leopard. This is a truly graceful animal almost disappeared from these places. But in distant from civilization, wild regions, leopards still live.
And the most useful fauna representative, right, is considered spotted deer.
Nature, plants and animals of the Krasnodar Territory
Why is it useful? Yes, because, from his horns receive medical medicines that save people from many diseases.
Besides these animals animal world of the Krasnodar Territory rich in wolves, hares, roots, boars, Caucasian crots.
In the Kuban, in the northeastern part, the steppe residents are most common: foxes, tushkars, miserable rodents, voles ordinary, horses. In river valleys, mink ordinary lives. If we talk about the birds, then these are the larks, gray partridges, quail, Luni. This steppe zone is well mastered by man, which is why fauna has decreased significantly. But still some animals have adapted to new conditions. Tourists can find only a few primitive sections of steppes, where the animal world is in full abundance.
In the smoothness and limans of lowlands lives a lot of waterfowls: Pelicans, seagulls, ducks, geese. And from North America, Ondatra was delivered to Liman.
As for mountainous areas and foothills, they live here, sulfur, mountain goats, badgers, forest cats, as well as two types of cunits. Forest (jellows) and stone (bodist). Shakals and raccoon dogs have taken root.
If we talk about invertebrates, then the screes of the cliffs, the roasolines are expensive, there are viper, snakes, courses, tritons.
From representatives of the reptiles there is a turtle marsh and a Greek, a non-free lizard, a small yellowopuse.
All animal splendor, of course, complement the birds. Day in the forests and valleys, singing and chirping birds sounds. At this musical concert, Soroki, and Orioles, and Drozda, and Cuckoo participate. Sweeing swells, the streams are fed up with the streams. But this is not all the inhabitants of the forest, we must not forget about owls, squortings, shcheglah, Caucasian tetherov and mountain turkey.
Finally, you can add that animal world of the Krasnodar Territory The attention of tourists, as well as respect for their relationship.
Presentation. Live world of Kuban
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The living world of Kuban prepared students of 10 "a" classbicman TatianaProkhorov Vladislav |
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Vegetation |
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Kuban has always been famous for the wealth of nature. And beauty landscape. |
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About three thousand species of wild plants belonging to 6 departments and more than 150 families grow in Kuban. |
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Mossoid - more than 250 species. Fern-like - more than 40. Covered bridge - more than 2800 species. |
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Gamoted stunches of horsetails |
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As well as many algae lichens |
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The number of types of mushrooms is not accurately established, but among them there are often quite rare instances. Truffle Summer Caesarsi Mushroom |
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Our Krasnodar region is famous for the presence of tea plantations. Dagomys is the only place in Russia, which is favorable for the growth of tea. |
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And also under Krasnodar, near the village. White, right from the highway grow amazing flowers - lotuses. |
Presentation - Animal World of the Krasnodar Territory
Slides and text of this presentation
Slide 1.
Animal world
Krasnodar Region
Slide 2.
According to the Department of Natural Resources and the State Environmental Control of the Krasnodar Territory, more than 580 species of animals are honored in the region. Of them:
Slide 3.
The smooth part of the edge (Eastern Priazovia) is deservedly considered to be a bird kingdom. Here a significant amount of waterfowl is nest - geese and ducks (17 species), hills (20 species).
Krasnodar region according to the most characteristic features of flora and fauna can be divided into smooth, steppe and mining and forest parts
At the spring and autumn span, millions of waterfowl, nesting in the north of Eurasia stop in the smooth zone.
Slide 4.
The most numerous animals in the steppe zone are the hare, fox, pheasant, quail.
Slide 5.
Mining and forest area is least mastered by a person, and here the main habitats of such animals like a boar, deer, roe, sulfur, tour, bison.
From the predators here a bear, a wolf, jackal, a forest cat, a fox, a badger, a cuckor and others live here.
Slide 6.
In the Red Book of the Krasnodar Territory included 353 species of animals
Some of them:
Slide 7.
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Animals of the Krasnodar Territory prepared Nazarenko N.A. teacher MOU SOSH №2Stnitsa Staroshrechbinovskaya
Engineering can be found in the dark-colored blackheads and the brown. It is inhabited by trees, overcoming the distance between them in 4 m horizontally and up to 10 m on top. Flexible body length 20-25 cm, long strong limbs, fluffy long tail, ears are large, upright with tassels on the tips. Pour seeds of trees, fruits, berries, nuts, mushrooms, and PM protein (eyewash)
Zayats-Rusak class: mammals: Take-up-way: Zaitsevasprolt: In the Black Sea region, it is more common in Nizhnegorier, but they also saw them at an altitude of 2600 m. N.M. (g. Chugush), and in the North Ossetian reserve, their habitat was noted to a height of 3000 m N.M.M. Description: The color is yellow-fawn with a large ripple, it does not whiten for the winter, the body length is about 60 cm, the mass is up to 5 kg. Night animal. The whole body is adapted to the run, the front pair of legs serves as a support for the rear. In the summer, it feeds on various herbs, and in winter the crust of deciduous trees, shoots of winter crops.
KUNITSKLAGE: Mammals: Preciousless: Cunpostera: Two types of cunits are found in the Krasnodar Territory in the foothill and mountainous areas. "Zhestrushka" prefers to live in the forests, and the "bodist" lives in more stony areas, in shrubs. Description: Caucasian Forest Kurtitsa is the most Large form. The length of the body is up to 58 cm. Zhoprushka has a drow-brown fur with a fawn tint. The grotty spots from light to dark red. In the "bodle of a thorns of a pure-white color in the shape of a horseshoe. At the size of a little less than the forest.
Otter (PREVIEND) Class: MammalsTeer: Preciouslessness: Cunning Proliferation: It dwells in the Krasnodar Territory on the left-bank tributaries p. Kuban, in some rivers of the Black Sea region (PSOU, MZMT, Host, Sochi, Dagoma, etc.) in the mountain rises to 2000 meters. M. Description: a long flexible body, a muscular long tail, short limbs with swimming pools between fingers, Dense fur, undeveloped ear sinks, nostrils and external auditory passes, which are closed when immersed in water. Adapted to half-water lifestyle.
Detachment: Pardonless Movement: Pork Proliferation: Caucasian subspecies lives in Western Black Sea Castle from the Sea to Alpine meadows. In winter, descend into coastal forests. Seeded groups live in the Hosten Tiso-Samshekt Grove and on the slopes of the city of Akhun. The description: a large animal, which is highly elongated with a cone-shaped face, ending with a naked moving mug - "Pigatch". The body is covered with rigid bristles. The fangs of the upper jaw are directed towards or up. The lower jaw of males is equipped with large 10-12 cm protruding over lips fangs. In females, the fangs are developed much weaker and covered with lips. In the West Caucasus, the weight of males reaches 250 kg, females - 150 kg
Sonya-shelvesclass: Mammals: Rodent Assembly: It dwells in mixed and deciduous forests of the Krasnodar Territory. In the Black Sea region is common from the seashore to a height of 200 meters above sea level. Description: Externally, somewhat similar to the protein. The body length is 16-20 cm. Lives in wrappers, in rocks, rocks and nests. Leads a nightlife. The main nutrition is the fruit of beech, various nuts, seeds, pears, apples, sometimes chicks and small insects.
Kuban animals
Caucasian sulfur: Mammals: Pardonlessness: Polo-eyed: from heights of 260 m above the UR. Sea u r. Shahe and 180 m above the UR. Sea u r. Mzymt (tract AHTSU), to highland - 3200 m above the UR. Sea on G.G. Chugush, Agepsta. Description: The most characteristic of the group in 6-15 individuals. The average weight of adult males - 34 kg (higher - 42 kg), females - 28 kg. They use 210 species of grassy, \u200b\u200bwood-shrub vegetation, mosses, lichens, mushrooms (Duben, 1976, 1977,1985). Hunt for Sulna is prohibited, but every year several dozen of these animals are destroyed by poachers. Natural enemies Serne are lynx, wolf, large feathered predators (Berkut, Borodachnik
Caucasian bison (bison) Class: Mammals: Mammals: Parquance: Greast-eyed: In the forest, subalpine and alpine belts of the Caucasian Reserve at an altitude of 900-2100m over the UR.MoryApplies: Caucasian mountain bison - a wild animal shape, genetically 95% is a bison and only PA 5 % - Bison. The largest mammal animal of Russia. The weight of the bison is up to 1200 kg, the height from the front hoofs to the withers - 2 m, from the head to the tail - 3.5 m. By 1982 - 85. There have been more than 1,200 individuals, now more than 300 goals. In the Caucasian reserve dwells purebred mountain bison.
Dolphin Aphalinaclass: Mammals: Catto-shaped: Dolphinovature: Black Sea: Water lifestyle: Water lifestyle, feed on the main fish, are usually held by small groups from several heads up to 50-60 individuals, the cubs are born under water, they live up to 20-30 years. Dolphin APALYINA as a rare subspecies, the endemic of the Black Sea, is listed in the international red book. The number of aphalines in the Black Sea has about 36 thousand (Mikhalov, Savusin, Green, 1978) and there is a tendency to reduce them.
Lisklass: MammalsTeeter: Preciousless: Feline Space: Wides in all foothill and mountainous areas from a belt of wide forests to Alpine Highlands. Description: Lynx is the largest view of the kind of cats. The Black Sea region of Russia inhabits the Caucasian subspecies of the beast. Caucasian lynx body length 66 - 104 cm, tail - 21 cm, carried - 12.2-24.15 kg. The main lifestyle, a typical carnivorous animal. The foundation of the nutrition is hoofed - sulfur, tour, boar (usually piglets and swelling), roe, deer (usually young), rodents, birds, hare
The meadow dog is the closest relative of Suslik and is very similar to him.
My young friends! We were borrowed from future generations all the wealth of nature. We must protect and maintain all natural values, because the future residents of the Earth should be used.
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